Betalingskortloven Konkurrenceforholdene På

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Betalingskortloven Konkurrenceforholdene På Betalingskortloven Konkurrenceforholdene på betalingskortmarkedet 2000 2 Forord Konkurrencestyrelsen offentliggør hermed en redegørelse om konkurrence- forholdene på betalingskortmarkedet. Redegørelsen er et led i opfølgningen på den ændring af betalingskortloven, der blev vedtaget i april 1999. Som foreskrevet i loven blev redaktionen af redegørelsen afsluttet 1. april, hvor redegørelsen blev fremsendt til erhvervsministeren og umiddelbart herefter til betalingskortpanelet. Dette panel, som består af de vigtigste inte- ressenter på markedet for betalingskort, har afgivet bemærkninger, der er indarbejdet. Ansvaret for redegørelsen er dog fortsat alene Konkurrencesty- relsens. Færdiggørelsesdatoen 1. april betyder, at redegørelsen ikke tager stilling til Finansrådets og PBS’ plan for ”Fremtidens Kortmarked”, som blev offent- liggjort den 1. maj 2000. Redegørelsen giver en oversigt over det danske betalingskortmarked, og brugen af betalingskort i Danmark sammenlignes med forholdene i 15 andre lande. Formålet med ændringen af betalingskortloven var at fremme e- handelen i Danmark. E-handelen har derfor en fremtrædende plads i redegø- relsen. I et særligt afsnit er der redegjort for Konkurrencestyrelsens indtil nu begrænsede praksis med styrelsens tilsyn på området. På baggrund af redegørelsen skal panelet inden 1. juni afgive en udtalelse til erhvervsministeren. Udtalelsen kan både vedrøre redegørelsen og forholde- ne på betalingskortmarkedet. Efter loven skal der inden november 2001 fremsættes et forslag til revision af betalingskortlovens § 20, der fastlægger regler for betaling af gebyr i for- bindelse med brug af betalingskort. Styrelsens næste rapport skal foreligge til 1. april 2001, og skal sammen med nærværende rapport og panelets ud- talelser indgå i vurderingen af, om forholdene på markedet for betalingskort betinger den nævnte revision af § 20. 3 Indholdsfortegnelse Oversigt over bilag.........................................................................................5 Oversigt over figurer ......................................................................................5 Oversigt over tabeller.....................................................................................6 Oversigt over bokse........................................................................................7 Kapitel 1 Resumé og konklusioner ................................................................8 1.1 Baggrund og hovedkonklusioner..........................................................8 1.2 Udviklingen på betalingskortmarkedet.................................................9 1.3 Følgerne af lovændringen...................................................................13 Kapitel 2 Hvordan fungerer betalingskort?..................................................16 2.1 Rapportens baggrund..........................................................................16 2.2 Hvad er et betalingskort?....................................................................17 Hævekort..............................................................................................18 Debetkort..............................................................................................19 Kreditkort.............................................................................................19 Forudbetalte kort og electronic purse...................................................19 Anden anvendelse af betalingskort......................................................20 Terminaltyper.......................................................................................20 2.3 Opbygningen af betalingskortmarkedet.............................................21 Transaktion mellem tre parter..............................................................24 Transaktion mellem fem parter............................................................24 Kapitel 3 Udenlandske betalingskortmarkeder............................................29 3.1 Nationale markeder............................................................................29 3.2 Udbredelsen af betalingskort..............................................................30 3.3 Anvendelsen af betalingskort.............................................................32 3.4 Udstedelsen af betalingskort...............................................................35 3.5 Indløsning af betalingskort.................................................................41 Indløsere...............................................................................................41 Forretningerne......................................................................................42 3.6 Infrastruktur og databehandling..........................................................44 Kapitel 4 Gebyrer og betingelser i andre lande............................................46 4.1 Forbrugere og betalingsmodtagere.....................................................46 Tab på betalingskort.............................................................................49 4.2 Interbankgebyrer.................................................................................52 4.3 Konkurrenceretlig regulering i EU.....................................................53 EU-Kommissionen...............................................................................54 Sverige .................................................................................................55 Andre EU-lande ...................................................................................56 Norge....................................................................................................57 Kapitel 5 Betalingskortmarkedet i Danmark................................................58 5.1 Brug og udbredelse af betalingskort...................................................58 5.2 Markedet for betalingskort.................................................................59 Kortudstedere.......................................................................................60 Ydelser.................................................................................................63 4 5.3 Markedet for indløsning.....................................................................63 PBS’ betalingskort ...............................................................................65 Andre betalingskort..............................................................................66 5.4 Infrastruktur........................................................................................67 Den danske betalingsinfrastrukturs opbygning....................................67 Den danske betalingsinfrastruktur i tal i 1998.....................................69 Baggrunden for PBS’ dominans på infrastrukturområdet i Danmark .70 Kapitel 6 Gebyrer og betingelser.................................................................72 6.1 Den danske betalingskortlovs bestemmelser om gebyrer..................72 6.2 Gebyrer over for betalingsmodtagere.................................................72 6.3 Kortudstedernes betaling til infrastrukturen, licensafgifter og interchange fee..........................................................................................73 Kapitel 7 E-handel........................................................................................78 7.1 Definition og baggrund.......................................................................78 Baggrunden for de særlige bestemmelser for e-handel........................79 7.2 Betalingskort, indløsning og infrastruktur ved e-handel....................79 7.3 E-handel i Vesteuropa og USA..........................................................82 7.4 Den danske e-handel i omfang og udvikling......................................83 7.5 Danskernes brug af betalingskort ved e-handel..................................87 7.6 Priser og vilkår for den danske e-handel med betalingskort ..............90 Oprettelsesafgift...................................................................................90 Abonnement.........................................................................................90 Transaktionsafgift ................................................................................91 Kapitel 8 Tilsyn og praksis efter betalingskort-...........................................93 lovens §§ 20 og 20 a.....................................................................................93 8.1 Gebyrerne ved e-handel......................................................................93 8.2 Diners Club’s klage over PBS’ priser................................................94 8.3 Forbrugerrådets klage over opkrævning af gebyr ved taxikørsel.......96 Kapitel 9 Vurdering af lovændringen...........................................................98 9.1 Markedsudviklingen...........................................................................98 9.2 Betingelserne i betalingskortloven.....................................................98 9.3 Beføjelserne i betalingskortloven.....................................................100 5 Oversigt over bilag Betalingskortloven §§ 20 og 20 a...............................................................102 Panelets kommissorium..............................................................................103 Hvad er et chipkort? ...................................................................................105 Fremtidens betalingsmiddel...............................................................106 Forskellen mellem magnetstribe og chip...........................................106
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