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Betalings- Rapport 2018

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Betalings- Rapport 2018 ERU Alm.del Bilag 178 Offentligt Betalings- rapport 2018 Regler og udvikling på betalingsmarkedet Erhvervs-, Vækst- og Eksportudvalget 2017-18 2018 Konkurrence- og Forbrugerstyrelsen Carl Jacobsens Vej 35 2500 Valby Tlf.: +45 41 71 50 00 E-mail: [email protected] Online ISBN [xxxx] Betalingsrapport 2018 er udarbejdet af Konkurrence- og Forbrugerstyrelsen. April 2018 Indhold 1 Kapitel 1 5 Resumé ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Ny regulering af betalingsmarkedet ............................................................................................................. 6 1.2 Udviklingen i brugen af betalingsløsninger .............................................................................................. 6 1.3 Styrelsens tilsynsarbejde ................................................................................................................................... 7 2 Kapitel 2 9 Introduktion til betalingsmarkedet .................................................................................................. 9 2.1 Indledning ................................................................................................................................................................. 9 2.2 Centrale aktører ..................................................................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Betalingsinstrumenter ..................................................................................................................................... 11 2.4 Mobile betalingsløsninger .............................................................................................................................. 12 2.5 Gebyrstruktur ...................................................................................................................................................... 12 2.6 To-sidet marked .................................................................................................................................................. 14 3 Kapitel 3 17 Brugen af betalingskort i Danmark ............................................................................................... 17 3.1 Indledning .............................................................................................................................................................. 17 3.2 Antal betalingskort i Danmark ..................................................................................................................... 17 3.3 Antal transaktioner ........................................................................................................................................... 19 3.4 Omsætning på danskudstedte betalingskort ......................................................................................... 22 3.5 Kontaktløs betaling............................................................................................................................................ 25 3.6 Brugen af danske betalingskort i udlandet ............................................................................................ 26 3.7 Kortforbrug i Danmark og udlandet .......................................................................................................... 27 4 Kapitel 4 30 Misbrug med betalingskort .............................................................................................................. 30 4.1 Indledning .............................................................................................................................................................. 30 4.2 Misbrug med danskudstedte betalingskort ........................................................................................... 31 4.3 Misbrug af Dankort i Danmark..................................................................................................................... 32 4.4 Misbrug af danskudstedte internationale betalingskort i Danmark .......................................... 34 4.5 Misbrug med danskudstedte betalingskort i udlandet ..................................................................... 39 5 Kapitel 5 43 Regler for brug af betalingskort...................................................................................................... 43 5.1 Indledning .............................................................................................................................................................. 43 5.2 Betalingsloven ..................................................................................................................................................... 44 5.2.1 Adgang til betalingssystemer og konti, der føres i kreditinstitutter ...................................... 44 5.2.2 Fastsættelse og opkrævning af gebyrer ............................................................................................... 46 5.3 Bekendtgørelser .................................................................................................................................................. 52 5.3.1 Abonnementsbekendtgørelsen ................................................................................................................ 52 5.3.2 Bekendtgørelse om offentliggørelse af maksimale gebyrer for betalingsmodtagere i fysisk handel ....................................................................................................................... 53 5.3.3 Bekendtgørelse om interbankgebyrer .................................................................................................. 54 5.4 Lovens rækkevidde ........................................................................................................................................... 55 5.5 EU-regulering ....................................................................................................................................................... 56 5.5.1 Forordning om interbankgebyrer ........................................................................................................... 57 6 Kapitel 6 63 Regulering af nationale betalingskortordninger ....................................................................... 63 6.1 Indledning .............................................................................................................................................................. 63 6.2 Reguleringen af Dankortet i fysisk handel .............................................................................................. 63 6.3 Undersøgelse af dankortomkostningerne i 2016 ................................................................................ 65 6.4 Dankortgebyrer ved handel på internettet ............................................................................................ 68 7 Kapitel 7 71 Styrelsens tilsynsarbejde .................................................................................................................. 71 7.1 Indledning .............................................................................................................................................................. 71 7.2 Konsultation over styrelsens prioritering inden for betalingskort i 2017 .............................. 71 7.3 Undersøgelse af frit valg af betalingsvaremærke ved brug af et co-badget betalingsinstrument ...................................................................................................................................................... 72 7.4 Undersøgelse af interbankgebyrer ............................................................................................................. 73 7.5 Vejledning om og tilsyn med gebyrer ....................................................................................................... 73 7.6 Afgørelser om urimelige dankortgebyrer på internettet ................................................................. 73 8 Kapitel 8 76 Nye forbrugermuligheder på betalingsmarkedet ...................................................................... 76 8.1 Indledning .............................................................................................................................................................. 76 8.2 Kendskabet til nye regler for brug af betalingskort ........................................................................... 77 8.3 Alternative betalingsløsninger ..................................................................................................................... 85 SIDE 5 2018 1 Kapitel 1 Resumé Danske forbrugere og virksomheder anvender i vidt omfang betalingskort og andre betalings- løsninger når de køber varer og tjenesteydelser. Det er derfor vigtigt at betalingsmarkedet er velfungerende og præget af gode rammevilkår med effektiv konkurrence. Ny teknologi og regulering har skabt potentiale for nye betalingsløsninger og for at nye aktø- rer kan spille en rolle på betalingsmarkedet i Danmark. Eksempelvis er mobile betalingsløs- ninger i vækst, hvilket bidrager til større variation og valgfrihed for forbrugerne på beta- lingsmarkedet. Samtidig har indførelsen af ny EU-regulering forbedret virksomheders mulig- hed for at udvikle og introducere nye betalingsløsninger, ligesom der på forbrugersiden bl.a. er skabt en større valgfrihed som følge af de nye regler. Betalingsrapport 2018 redegør for brugen og reguleringen af betalingsløsninger i Danmark. Der er fokus på tre forskellige
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