Vespro Della Beata Vergine

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Vespro Della Beata Vergine C Carus Alessandro Grandi Vespro della Beata Vergine York · Taylor · Lyon · Harvey Gächinger Kantorei Stuttgart Bach-Collegium Stuttgart Matthew Halls C Alessandro Grandi (ca. 1586–1630) Carus Vespro della Beata Vergine Deborah York, Soprano · Daniel Taylor, Altus Ed Lyon, Tenore · Peter Harvey, Basso Gächinger Kantorei Stuttgart · Bach-Collegium Stuttgart Matthew Halls Vespro della Beata Vergine (Marienvesper) zusammengestellt von Rudolf Ewerhart Soli SATB, Coro, Orchestra, Bc 1 Deus in adjutorium meum intende 0:58 9 Nisi Dominus · Soli SATB, Coro 5:58 Soli SATB, Coro 10 O quam tu pulchra es · Solo T 3:39 2 O quam suave est nomen tuum 3:11 11 Lauda Jerusalem, Dominum 5:09 Soli ST Soli SATB, Coro 3 Dixit Dominus · Soli SATB, Coro 6:59 12 Hymnus „Ave maris stella“ 4:35 4 O quam tu pulchra es · Soli ATB 3:20 Solo A, Coro TB 5 Laudate pueri · Soli SATB, Coro 2:21 13 O speciosa inter filias Jerusalem 4:16 Soli STB, Coro 6 Vulnerasti cor meum · Solo S 3:59 14 Magnificat · Soli SATB, Coro 6:54 7 Laetatus sum · Soli SATB, Coro 3:05 8 Laetamini vos, o caeli 3:19 Soli STB, Coro Total time: 57’50 Coproduction: SWR and Carus-Verlag, Stuttgart Cover: Antonio Raggi (1624–86), Virgin and Child, 1640, Recorded live at the Markuskirche Stuttgart during the detail of the head (marble); Chapelle Saint-Joseph des Musikfest Stuttgart, 12 September 2010 Carmes, Paris, France, © Clement Guillaume Executive producer: Dagmar Munck Photos: Recording producer, digital editing: Roland Kistner p. 11: Deborah York (PR), Daniel Taylor (Marco Boggreve); Recording engineer: Wilfried Wenzl p. 12: Ed Lyon (rdpphotography), Peter Harvey (Carole Digital Booklet Latimer); p. 14: Matthew Halls (Eric Richmond); p. 18–19: © 2011 by Carus-Verlag, Stuttgart Gächinger Kantorei und Bach-Collegium Stuttgart (hs) Alessandro Grandi – Meister neben Monteverdi Basilika San Marco in Venedig; er kehrte anschlie- C Carus ßend nach Ferrara zurück, übernahm dort 1610 das Claudio Monteverdis Marienvesper stellt in der all- Kapellmeisteramt der Accademia dello Spirito San- gemeinen Wahrnehmung alles in den Schatten, to (einer anderen Bruderschaft) und wurde schließ- was an geistlicher Musik im Norditalien des frühen lich 1615 Domkapellmeister der Kathedrale von siebzehnten Jahrhunderts komponiert und musi- Ferrara. Von 1617 bis 1627 begegnet man ihm ziert wurde. In diesem Schatten befindet sich auch wieder an San Marco in Venedig. Zunächst als Sän- das Werk Alessandro Grandis, das von Kennern der ger angestellt, bekleidete er ab 1620 den Posten Musik jener Zeit hoch geschätzt und von manchem des Vizekapellmeisters an der Seite von Claudio Liebhaber geradezu schwärmerisch verehrt wird. Monteverdi. 1627 zog es Grandi – womöglich, um Einem breiteren Publikum sind indes weder der Na- den Eifersüchteleien Monteverdis zu entkommen – me noch das Schaffen Grandis sonderlich geläufig. nach Bergamo, wo er in der Folgezeit an der Basili- Gewiss hat das auch etwas damit zu tun, dass ka Santa Maria Maggiore als Kapellmeister tätig Grandi keine Opern hinterließ. Zu seinen Lebzeiten war, bis er im Jahre 1630 ein Opfer der Pest wurde. war sein Ruhm allerdings beträchtlich: Es gibt kaum Sein Werk umfasst Messen, zahlreiche Motetten, einen anderen italienischen Komponisten der Zeit, Psalmen und Madrigale. Noch in Ferrara begann er dessen Werke so häufig nachgedruckt wurden. mit der Publikation von Motetten, meist für zwei Dies hatte seinen Grund: Grandi rannte den stilis- bis vier Stimmen und Orgel. In Venedig widmete er tischen Moden seiner Zeit nicht hinterher, sondern sich der Komposition von Solo-Motetten mit oder prägte sie. Sein Werk gilt als maßgeblich für die ohne obligate Instrumente. Aber erst in Bergamo Herausbildung konzertierender Verfahren in jener hatte er genügend musikalische Kräfte zur Verfü- Zeit. Er erprobte alle denkbaren instrumental-voka- gung, um groß angelegte Kirchenmusik zu kompo- len Besetzungen, schrieb für jede nur mögliche nieren und aufzuführen – nicht zuletzt anlässlich Kombination von Stimmen; er gilt als Erfinder des der an Santa Maria Maggiore prachtvoll gefeierten Begriffs „Kantate“ und bewies einen enormen Marienfeste. Einfallsreichtum hinsichtlich der Ausmalung und Deutung der von ihm vertonten Texte. Als bahn- Zu solchen Festen gehörten prächtige Vesper-Got- brechend müssen seine Motetten „con sinfonie“ tesdienste, deren üppige musikalische Ausgestal- gelten – Geistliche Konzerte, die auch Heinrich tung um 1600 in bemerkenswerter Weise zunahm. Schütz stark beeinflussten. Neben Messvertonungen entstanden nun verstärkt Sammeldrucke mit Psalmvertonungen, die für jede Um 1586 geboren, wirkte Alessandro Grandi zu- Vesper passend zusammengestellt werden konn- nächst in seiner vermutlichen Heimatstadt Ferrara: ten. Während das Messordinarium ja stets das glei- Schon in sehr jungen Jahren, um 1600, wurde er che ist, wechseln die Antiphonen und Psalmen der maestro di capella der dortigen Accademia della Vesperliturgie von Tag zu Tag. Für die musikalische Morte, einer wohltätigen Bruderschaft. Zwischen Gestaltung der Vespern waren deshalb Sammlun- Digital Booklet 1604 und 1608 diente er als giovane di coro an der gen unerlässlich. Aus jener Zeit ist nur eine einzige 3 Vesperkomposition als mutmaßlich geschlossenes Die Verwendung von Motetten und Geistlichen C Carus Kunstwerk überliefert: diejenige Monteverdis. An- Kon zerten als Psalm-Antiphonen steht im Einklang ders als in dessen Fall (aber im Einklang mit der mit dem Brauch der Zeit: Das im Jahr 1600 erschie- Praxis seiner Zeit) gibt es eine im Druck veröffent- nene päpstliche Ceremoniale episcoporum ge stat- lichte, vollständige Marienvesper von Grandi nicht. te te die Aufführung solcher Musikstücke anstelle Vielmehr findet sich das „Material“ für den Vesper- der Antiphonen. Rudolf Ewerhart wählte ein-, zwei- gottesdienst verstreut in den verschiedenen ge- und dreistimmige Sätze aus den Sammlungen von druckten Sammlungen: das Responsorium Domine 1610, 1613, 1619, 1621 und 1625 aus, die in ihren ad adjuvandum me festina, die fünf Psalmen, zahl- unterschiedlichen vokalen und instrumentalen Be- reiche Motetten, die als Psalmantiphonen dienen setzungen den ganzen Erfindungsreichtum Grandis können, sowie das krönende Magnificat. Der Mu- dokumentieren. Wo Claudio Monteverdi oft durch sikwissenschaftler Rudolf Ewerhart hat aus diesen schiere Virtuosität und atemberaubende Effekte Quellen eine Marienvesper mit Sätzen Grandis zu- beeindruckt, fasziniert bei Grandi die Subtilität, mit sammengestellt, die sich in Konzerten unter Ewer- der der Komponist die Texte ausdeutet: kein Wort, harts Leitung in den letzten Jahrzehnten schon viel- das unbeachtet bliebe, kaum eine Sinnschicht, die fach als funktionierendes und faszinierendes Stück nicht musikalisch gestaltet würde. So erweist sich Kirchenmusik bewährt hat, hier nun aber erstmals Grandi als eigenständiger Meister neben Monte- eingespielt wird unter der Leitung von Matthew verdi. Halls. Schon O quam suave (1613) für Sopran, Tenor und Die einzelnen Sätze bilden den gesamten Schaf- Basso continuo zeigt die spezifische Kunst Alessan- fenszeitraum Alessandro Grandis ab, von der Mo- dro Grandis, gerade weil diese Motette eher un- tette für drei Stimmen und Basso continuo Tota scheinbar daherkommt: Der homophone Kehrvers pulchra es aus dem ersten Motettenbuch von 1610 deutet den Text mit schlichtem Wohlklang; in den bis hin zu den Psalmen Nisi Dominus und Lauda Je- anderen Abschnitten, in denen Maria mit immer rusalem, Dominum aus der letzten Psalmensamm- neuen Namen angerufen wird, gibt Grandi diesen lung von 1630, dem Todesjahr Grandis. Dement- Namen je eigene Farben. O quam tu pulchra es für sprechend groß ist die stilistische Bandbreite dieser drei Stimmen und Basso continuo (1610) ist ein Vespro della Beata Vergine. Dominiert wird das Musterbeispiel für die Finesse der Grandischen Werk freilich von den groß angelegten, ungemein Text exegese. Wo es heißt „Von deinen Lippen facettenreichen Sätzen aus Grandis letzten Jahren tropft Honig“, steigt der Bass vom kleinen b bis in Bergamo. Hierzu zählen sämtliche Psalmen und zum großen D abwärts – Tropfen für Tropfen ge- das Magnificat, außerdem das Responsorium wissermaßen. Man achte auch auf den schmerz- Deus, in adjutorium meum intende und der Hym- haften Ausruf „Du hast mein Herz verwundet“ und nus Ave maris stella. den zweifach gesteigerten Anruf „O wie schön bist du!“ gegen Ende. Vulnerasti cor meum (1621) ist Digital Booklet ein feines Exemplar des von Grandi entwickelten 4 C Carus Beginn des Ave maris stella für „Solo-Stimme, mit einer Sinfonia für zwei Violinen“; Gesangsstimme Digital Booklet 5 Geistlichen Konzerts mit selbstständigen Violin- bung des rauschenden Wassers („De torrente in C Carus stimmen. Wort für Wort streichelt die Musik den via bibet“). Die doppelchörigen Psalmen Laudate Text, bis hin zum chromatisch aufsteigenden „denn pueri und Laetatus sum sind von vergleichsweise ich bin krank vor Liebe“. Mit Laetamini vos o caeli konservativer Struktur und besitzen eine gewisse (1619) haben wir einen kleinteiligen Satz vor uns, Nähe zur Musik Giovanni Gabrielis, von dem man in dem sich die Solostimmen mit einem Refrain des gelegentlich angenommen hat, er sei ein Lehrer Ripienochores abwechseln – Grandi erprobte tat- Gran dis gewesen. Besonderes Augenmerk verdient sächlich alle denkbaren Stimmkombinationen. Den die Satzweise der Psalmen Nisi Dominus und Lau- Gipfel des Ausdrucks erreicht Grandi wohl in der da Jerusalem: Die Stimmen des Ripienochors ver- Solo-Motette O quam tu pulchra es (1625) für Te- doppeln
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