Resolution 725 (1991)
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War and Insurgency in the Western Sahara
Visit our website for other free publication downloads http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/ To rate this publication click here. STRATEGIC STUDIES INSTITUTE The Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) is part of the U.S. Army War College and is the strategic-level study agent for issues relat- ed to national security and military strategy with emphasis on geostrategic analysis. The mission of SSI is to use independent analysis to conduct strategic studies that develop policy recommendations on: • Strategy, planning, and policy for joint and combined employment of military forces; • Regional strategic appraisals; • The nature of land warfare; • Matters affecting the Army’s future; • The concepts, philosophy, and theory of strategy; and, • Other issues of importance to the leadership of the Army. Studies produced by civilian and military analysts concern topics having strategic implications for the Army, the Department of Defense, and the larger national security community. In addition to its studies, SSI publishes special reports on topics of special or immediate interest. These include edited proceedings of conferences and topically-oriented roundtables, expanded trip reports, and quick-reaction responses to senior Army leaders. The Institute provides a valuable analytical capability within the Army to address strategic and other issues in support of Army participation in national security policy formulation. Strategic Studies Institute and U.S. Army War College Press WAR AND INSURGENCY IN THE WESTERN SAHARA Geoffrey Jensen May 2013 The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. -
2010 Monographie De La Région Laâyoune Boujdour Sakia Al Hamra
- 0 -Monographie de la région Laâyoune Boujdour Sakia El Hamra المـديـرية الجـهـوية بالـعـيـون Direction Régionale de Laâyoune Monographie de la région Laâyoun e Boujdour Sakia Al Hamra Direction régionale du plan Laâyoune 2010 Direction Régionale du Plan -Laâyoune Page 0 - 1 -Monographie de la région Laâyoune Boujdour Sakia El Hamra Sommaire avant propos :…………………………………………………………………………...………..……………3 focus et région en chiffres :……………………………………………………………...……...……………...4 Présentation générale DE la région :……………………………………………….…………...……………17 . Parti I situation socio-économique et démographique de la Région Chapitre 1 : Secteurs productifs……………………………………………………………………....………22 I- Pêche maritime……………………………………………………………………………………….……...22 II-Mines………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….26 III-Agriculture…………………………………………………………………………………………………28 IV-Tourisme…………………………………………………………………………………………….……..30 Chapitre 2 : Infrastructure…………………………………………………………………………....……….33 I- Routes et transport………………………………………………………………………………………......33 II-Eau…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..35 III- Energie électrique………………………………………………………………………………………….36 IV-Poste et télécommunication………………………………………………………………………………...37 V- Urbanisme et l‟habitat………………………………………………………………………....……………39 VI- Performances économiques………………………………………………………………………………..41 Chapitre 3 : Caractéristiques démographiques et socio-économiques de la population…………...……….42 I- Accroissement démographique et répartition spatiale de la population……………………………...….......42 II- Structure de population…………………………………………………………………………………….43 -
Human Rights in Western Sahara and in the Tindouf Refugee Camps
Morocco/Western Sahara/Algeria HUMAN Human Rights in Western Sahara RIGHTS and in the Tindouf Refugee Camps WATCH Human Rights in Western Sahara and in the Tindouf Refugee Camps Morocco/Western Sahara/Algeria Copyright © 2008 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-420-6 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org December 2008 1-56432-420-6 Human Rights in Western Sahara and in the Tindouf Refugee Camps Map Of North Africa ....................................................................................................... 1 Summary...................................................................................................................... 2 Western Sahara ....................................................................................................... 3 Refugee Camps near Tindouf, Algeria ...................................................................... 8 Recommendations ...................................................................................................... 12 To the UN Security Council .................................................................................... -
A/74/645 General Assembly
United Nations A/74/645 General Assembly Distr.: General 13 January 2020 Original: English Seventy-fourth session Agenda item 162 Financing of the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara Budget performance of the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara for the period from 1 July 2018 to 30 June 2019 Report of the Secretary-General Contents Page I. Introduction ................................................................... 5 II. Mandate performance ........................................................... 5 A. Overall ................................................................... 5 B. Budget implementation ...................................................... 5 C. Mission support initiatives ................................................... 8 D. Regional mission cooperation ................................................ 9 E. Partnerships and country team coordination ..................................... 9 F. Results-based budgeting frameworks .......................................... 9 III. Resource performance ........................................................... 26 A. Financial resources ......................................................... 26 B. Summary information on redeployments across groups ........................... 27 C. Monthly expenditure pattern ................................................. 28 D. Other revenue and adjustments ............................................... 28 E. Expenditure for contingent-owned equipment: major equipment and self-sustainment -
Clearing Cluster Munition Remnants 2017.1.1
WESTERN SAHARA PROGRAMME PERFORMANCE 2016 2015 Problem understood 7 7 Target date for completion of cluster munition clearance 4 4 Targeted clearance 8 7 Efficient clearance 6 6 National funding of programme 4 4 Timely clearance 5 5 Land release system in place 7 7 National mine action standards 9 8 Reporting on progress 5 5 Improving performance 6 6 PERFORMANCE SCORE: AVERAGE 6.1 5.9 PERFORMANCE COMMENTARY Progress to address remaining cluster munition contamination in Western Sahara was hindered in 2016 by a six-month shutdown of United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS)-contracted demining operations due to a political issue with Morocco. At the same time, despite a resulting decrease in the amount of cluster munition remnants (CMR) clearance, new funding for an additional team towards the end of the year and deployment on high density cluster munition-contaminated areas meant the number of CMR destroyed in 2016 increased by more than 40% compared to 2015. According to UNMAS, clearance of remaining CMR contamination could be completed by 2019. 162 OTHER AREAS WESTERN SAHARA WESTERN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION > The Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) should make a formal commitment to respect and implement the Convention on Cluster Munitions (CCM) and to clear all CMR east of the Berm as soon as possible. > Morocco should ensure freedom of access and unhindered movement of all civilian UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) and UNMAS staff and take all necessary measures to facilitate the conduct of demining. > Morocco is strongly encouraged to provide cluster strike data to other relevant stakeholders to facilitate survey and clearance of CMR. -
UNMAS in the Territory of Western Sahara
UNMAS in the Territory of Western Sahara 10,516 kilometres of roads and 148.8 million square metres of land in the Territory of Western Sahara, east of the berm, assessed as safe from explosive hazards, enabling MINURSO peacekeeping operations. 37 of 61 known minefields and 459 of 515 known cluster strike areas released. 24,494 sub-munitions, 8,830 items of explosive remnants of war (ERW) and 7,870 landmines removed and destroyed, east of the berm, enhancing the safety of MINURSO peacekeepers, locals and nomadic herdsmen. 3,321 MINURSO personnel and 73,343 men, women, boys and girls, including nomadic herdsmen, east of the berm, received ERW awareness briefings and explosive ordnance risk education, enhancing awareness on the dangers posed by ERW. 48 survivors of mine/ERW accidents and 400 of their dependents, east of the berm, benefited from victim assistance projects, allowing for survivor socio-economic reintegration into their communities. The Territory of Western Sahara is heavily contaminated by landmines and explosive remnants of war (ERW). The contamination is a result of the conflict that took place between 1975 and 1991 between the Royal Moroccan Army (RMA), Mauritania and the military forces of the Frente Popular para la Liberación de Sahraui el-Hamra y de Río de Oro (Frente POLISARIO). A 2,700 kilometre long sand berm stretches from inside southern Morocco to the Atlantic ocean at Guerguerat, dividing the Territory into western and eastern parts. Approximately 1,465 kilometres are heavily impacted by landmines and ERW, including cluster munitions. These explosive ordnance continue to endanger the lives of United Nations military observers monitoring the ceasefire, humanitarian work, nomads, people living in settlements as well as the livestock they depend on. -
Sahrawi Women in the Liberation Struggle of the Sahrawi People Author(S): Anne Lippert Source: Signs, Vol
Sahrawi Women in the Liberation Struggle of the Sahrawi People Author(s): Anne Lippert Source: Signs, Vol. 17, No. 3 (Spring, 1992), pp. 636-651 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3174626 Accessed: 18/05/2010 18:01 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=ucpress. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Signs. http://www.jstor.org REVISIONS / REPORTS SahrawiWomen in the Liberation Struggle of the SahrawiPeople Anne Lippert Introduction - T H R O U G H T H E I R R O LE S in the currentliberation strug- gle of the Sahrawisof WesternSahara, Sahrawi women have substantiallyincreased their traditionalparticipation and im- portance in that society. -
North Africa Issue 1, 2015
ISSUE 1, 2015 NORTH AFRICA The Thinker ACCORD is Ranked among Top Think Tanks in the World For the fi fth consecutive year, ACCORD has been recognised by the Global Go To Think Tank Index as one of the top-100 think tanks in the world. The 2014 Global Go To Think Tank Report was produced by the Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program (TTCSP) at the University of Pennsylvania, USA. ACCORD is proud to have been ranked out of over 6 600 think tanks globally, of which 467 are based in sub-Saharan Africa, in the following sub-categories: • 32nd in the category ‘Top Think Tanks Worldwide (Non-US)’ (p. 62) and is the highest ranked African institution in this category • 63rd in the category 'Top Think Tanks Worldwide (US and Non-US) (p. 66) • 6th in the category 'Top Think Tanks in Sub-Saharan Africa' (p. 69) • 23rd in the category 'Best Managed Think Tanks' (p. 118) • 31st in the category 'Best Use of Social Networks' (p. 134). Global Distribution of Think Tanks by Region The 2014 GlobalThe 2014 Think Go Report Tank To 27.53% These rankings pay testament to ACCORD’s Knowledge Production, Interventions and Training 30.05% departments, which strive to produce both 16.71% experientially-based and academically rigorous knowledge, derived from our 23 years in the 7.87% confl ict resolution fi eld, relevant to practitioners, governments, civil society and organisations 10.18% within Africa and throughout the world. 7.06% Now in its eighth year, the Global Go To Think 0.59% Tank Index has become an authoritative resource for individuals and institutions worldwide. -
En En Mission Report
European Parliament 2014-2019 Committee on International Trade 19.9.2018 MISSION REPORT following the visit to Western Sahara on 3 and 4 September 2018 Committee on International Trade Members of the mission: Patricia Lalonde (ALDE) (head of mission) Heidi Hautala (Verts/ALE) Tiziana Beghin (EFDD) CR\1163925EN.docx PE627.872v04-00 EN United in diversity EN 1. Introduction A delegation made up of three INTA committee members visited Western Sahara on 3 and 4 September 2018. The mission, authorised by Parliament’s Conference of Presidents on 5 July 2018, was organised in the context of the preparations for Parliament’s recommendation to approve the proposed agreement extending EU-Morocco trade preferences to products from Western Sahara, i.e. chiefly agricultural products (tomatoes and melons) and fishery products. The mission programme centred on six meetings with associations representing Sahrawi civil society, two meetings with the official authorities, a meeting with a human rights association, a meeting with the French Chamber of Commerce and six field visits. 2. Summary account of meetings The meeting with the President of the Dakhla-Oued ed Dahab region, Mr Yanja El Khattat, was attended by local and provincial elected representatives, members of the Regional Council, and representatives of professional bodies. According to what the delegation was told, all the region’s elected representatives were Sahrawis of long standing. Mr El Khattat stressed how the region had recently developed, in particular as regards schools and hospitals, and how important economic ties were with the EU, pointing out that it would be a disaster for the region if what was referred to as the ‘agricultural’ agreement and the fisheries agreement were not adopted. -
Mine-Action Activities in Western Sahara
Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction Volume 14 Issue 3 The Journal of ERW and Mine Action Article 16 October 2010 Mine-action Activities in Western Sahara Ginevra Cucinotta United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS) Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-journal Part of the Other Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons, and the Peace and Conflict Studies Commons Recommended Citation Cucinotta, Ginevra (2010) "Mine-action Activities in Western Sahara," The Journal of ERW and Mine Action : Vol. 14 : Iss. 3 , Article 16. Available at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-journal/vol14/iss3/16 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for International Stabilization and Recovery at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction by an authorized editor of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Mine-action Activities in Western Sahara by Ginevra CucinottaCucinotta: (14.3 Mine-action online only) Activities in Western Sahara 10/2/15, 2:17 PM Table of Editorial Focus Feature Making it Special Notes Profiles Obits R & D Contents Personal Report Mine-action Activities in Western Sahara by Ginevra Cucinotta [ United Nations Mine Action Service ] Since 2007, the United Nations Mine Action Service has been implementing mine-action activities in Western Sahara. Although the parties to the conflict generally abide by a 1991 ceasefire, the expansive territory remains contaminated by an unknown quantity of mines and explosive remnants of war. The Mine Action Coordination Centre has provided technical coordination and quality assurance and plans to expand its mine-action operations. -
Proyecto Alma Da
SOBRE LAS MINAS ANTIPERSONAS. MINAS LAS SOBRE PARA LA RECUPERACIÓN NUTRICIONAL Y NUTRICIONAL RECUPERACIÓN LA PARA EDUCATIVA DE LOS MENORES REFUGIADOS REFUGIADOS MENORES LOS DE EDUCATIVA SAHARAUIS NÓMADAS ASÍ COMO CARTELERÍA CARTELERÍA COMO ASÍ NÓMADAS SAHARAUIS PROYECTO ALMADARAS: REHABILITACIÓNO DE REHABILITACIÓNO ALMADARAS: PROYECTO INFRAESTRUCTURAS ESCOLARES DAÑADAS POR DAÑADAS ESCOLARES INFRAESTRUCTURAS PREVENTIVA DE COMEDORES EQUIPAMIENTO INUNDACIONES, 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 1.1 Descripción de los trabajos realizados 1.2 Informe de finalización 2. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INTERVENCIÓN EVALUADA 2.1 Contexto de la intervención 2.2. El sistema educativo. Problemas y retos de la educación saharaui 3. RESULTADOS DE LA EVALUACIÓN 3.1. Descripción de la intervención realizada 4. CONCLUSIONES 5. RECOMENDACIONES 1. INTRODUCCIÓN El presente informe recoge los resultados como la Evaluación Final del PROYECTO ALMADARAS: REHABILITACIÓN DE INFRAESTRUCTURAS ESCOLARES DAÑADAS POR INUNDACIONES, EQUIPAMIENTO DE COMEDORES PARA LA RECUPERACIÓN NUTRICIONAL Y EDUCATIVA DE LOS MENORES REFUGIADOS SAHARAUIS NÓMADAS ASÍ COMO CARTELERÍA PREVENTIVA SOBRE LAS MINAS ANTIPERSONA ejecutado por FANDAS Y EL MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN DE LA RASD y subvencionado por el Parlamento de Andalucía en su convocatoria de proyectos de 2018. Hace ya 43 años que la población saharaui resiste en los campamentos de Tinduf, y poco a poco, con el empeño del Gobierno de la RASD en el desarrollo de su pueblo, las condiciones han mejorado. En los últimos años, se ha logrado atender las escuelas en -
United Nations Peace Operations
United Nations 2012 Peace Operations Cover photos (clockwise from top): A member of MINURSO’s Military Liaison Office chats with a group of local Western Saharans, June 2010. (UN Photo/Martine Perret) Crowds of locals surround the recently-dispatched UN monitoring team as they walk through the streets of Homs, Syria, April 2012. (UN Photo/Neeraj Singh) Women taking part in traditional dances in Dili, Timor-Leste. (UNMIT/Bernardino Soares) A Ghanaian peacekeeper serving with the United Nations Mission in Liberia, on guard duty during a visit by the Special Representative Karin Landgren, in Cestos City, Liberia, November 2012. (UNMIL/Staton Winter) 2 Year in Review 2012 Table of Contents Introduction: Evolving to meet new challenges 1 Interview: Hervé Ladsous, Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations 2 Interview: Ameerah Haq, Under-Secretary-General for Field Support 4 Interview: Jeffrey Feltman, Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs 6 PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS MINURSO: Ensuring a path to safety 9 MINUSTAH: From reconstruction to stabilization 11 MONUSCO: Progress interrupted 13 UNAMID: Protection of civilians, peace process at the forefront 15 UNDOF: Challenged like never before 17 UNFICYP: A delicate balancing act in Cyprus 18 UNIFIL: Helping to stabilize a region in turmoil 20 UNISFA: Volatility to stability 22 UNMIK: Promoting dialogue and freedom of movement 24 UNMIL: Meeting challenges on the path to lasting peace 25 UNMISS: Ensuring the security of civilians 27 UNMIT: A story of successful cooperation 29 UNOCI: Scaling