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The Black Flies of Maine
THE BLACK FLIES OF MAINE L.S. Bauer and J. Granett Department of Entomology University of Maine at Orono, Orono, ME 04469 Maine Life Sciences and Agriculture Experiment Station Technical Bulletin 95 May 1979 LS-\ F.\PFRi\ii-Nr Si \IION TK HNK \I BUI I HIN 9? ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to thank Dr. Ivan McDaniel for his involvement in the USDA-funding of this project. We thank him for his assistance at the beginning of this project in loaning us literature, equipment, and giving us pointers on taxonomy. He also aided the second author on a number of collection trips and identified a number of collection specimens. We thank Edward R. Bauer, Lt. Lewis R. Boobar, Mr. Thomas Haskins. Ms. Leslie Schimmel, Mr. James Eckler, and Mr. Jan Nyrop for assistance in field collections, sorting, and identifications. Mr. Ber- nie May made the electrophoretic identifications. This project was supported by grant funds from the United States Department of Agriculture under CSRS agreement No. 616-15-94 and Regional Project NE 118, Hatch funds, and the Maine Towns of Brad ford, Brownville. East Millinocket, Enfield, Lincoln, Millinocket. Milo, Old Town. Orono. and Maine counties of Penobscot and Piscataquis, and the State of Maine. The electrophoretic work was supported in part by a faculty research grant from the University of Maine at Orono. INTRODUCTION Black flies have been long-time residents of Maine and cause exten sive nuisance problems for people, domestic animals, and wildlife. The black fly problem has no simple solution because of the multitude of species present, the diverse and ecologically sensitive habitats in which they are found, and the problems inherent in measuring the extent of the damage they cause. -
DNA Barcoding Distinguishes Pest Species of the Black Fly Genus <I
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology Entomology, Department of 11-2013 DNA Barcoding Distinguishes Pest Species of the Black Fly Genus Cnephia (Diptera: Simuliidae) I. M. Confitti University of Toronto K. P. Pruess University of Nebraska-Lincoln A. Cywinska Ingenomics, Inc. T. O. Powers University of Nebraska-Lincoln D. C. Currie University of Toronto and Royal Ontario Museum, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyfacpub Part of the Entomology Commons Confitti, I. M.; Pruess, K. P.; Cywinska, A.; Powers, T. O.; and Currie, D. C., "DNA Barcoding Distinguishes Pest Species of the Black Fly Genus Cnephia (Diptera: Simuliidae)" (2013). Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology. 616. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyfacpub/616 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY/GENOMICS DNA Barcoding Distinguishes Pest Species of the Black Fly Genus Cnephia (Diptera: Simuliidae) 1,2 3 4 5 1,2,6 I. M. CONFLITTI, K. P. PRUESS, A. CYWINSKA, T. O. POWERS, AND D. C. CURRIE J. Med. Entomol. 50(6): 1250Ð1260 (2013); DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ME13063 ABSTRACT Accurate species identiÞcation is essential for cost-effective pest control strategies. We tested the utility of COI barcodes for identifying members of the black ßy genus Cnephia Enderlein (Diptera: Simuliidae). Our efforts focus on four Nearctic Cnephia speciesÑCnephia dacotensis (Dyar & Shannon), Cnephia eremities Shewell, Cnephia ornithophilia (Davies, Peterson & Wood), and Cnephia pecuarum (Riley)Ñthe latter two being current or potential targets of biological control programs. -
Review and Phylogeny of Lutzsimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae)
ZOOLOGIA 27 (5): 761–788, October, 2010 doi: 10.1590/S1984-46702010000500014 Review and phylogeny of Lutzsimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) Leonardo H. Gil-Azevedo Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Simulídeos e Oncocercose. Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Caixa Postal 926, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Lutzsimulium d’Andretta Jr & Vulcano, 1947 is an enigmatic South American genus with four species: L. flavopubescens Lutz, 1910, L. hirticosta Lutz, 1909, L. pernigrum Lutz, 1910 and L. simplicicolor Lutz, 1910. It can be diagnosed by median arms of furcasternum with projections; subbasal tooth of the claw reduced; wing basal cell absent; spermatheca with net-like structure; apex of trichomes coiled (pupa); gill with two main trunks (pupa); antennomere 3 equal to or longer than 1+2 (larva); hypostomal teeth reduced (larva); postgenal cleft deep (larva). A morphological cladistic analysis under equal weights, with the four Lutzsimulium species and six outgroups, resulted in two most parsimonious trees, with 81 steps, CI = 0.61 and RI = 0.68. The monophyly of the genus is corroborated, supported by 15 synapomorphies, therefore it is proposed that Kempfsimulium Py-Daniel & Nunes de Mello, 1982 is synonymous of Lutzsimulium. Also the status of Araucnephia Wygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1973 and Araucnephioides Wygodzinsky & Coscarón, 1973 are revalidated, because they do not form a monophyletic group with Lutzsimulium. All the species of Lutzsimulium are revised, with redescriptions, illustrations and identification keys for adults, pupa and larva. The male and larva of L. flavopubescens are described for the first time. KEY WORDS. Argentina; black-fly; Brazil; cladistics; Culicomorpha; Insecta; Neotropical Region; taxonomy. -
Austroconops Wirth and Lee, a Lower Cretaceous Genus of Biting Midges
PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10024 Number 3449, 67 pp., 26 ®gures, 6 tables August 23, 2004 Austroconops Wirth and Lee, a Lower Cretaceous Genus of Biting Midges Yet Living in Western Australia: a New Species, First Description of the Immatures and Discussion of Their Biology and Phylogeny (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) ART BORKENT1 AND DOUGLAS A. CRAIG2 ABSTRACT The eggs and all four larval instars of Austroconops mcmillani Wirth and Lee and A. annettae Borkent, new species, are described. The pupa of A. mcmillani is also described. Life cycles and details of behavior of each life stage are reported, including feeding by the aquatic larvae on microscopic organisms in very wet soil/detritus, larval locomotion, female adult biting habits on humans and kangaroos, and male adult swarming. Austroconops an- nettae Borkent, new species, is attributed to the ®rst author. Cladistic analysis shows that the two extant Austroconops Wirth and Lee species are sister species. Increasingly older fossil species of Austroconops represent increasingly earlier line- ages. Among extant lineages, Austroconops is the sister group of Leptoconops Skuse, and together they form the sister group of all other Ceratopogonidae. Dasyhelea Kieffer is the sister group of Forcipomyia Meigen 1 Atrichopogon Kieffer, and together they form the sister group of the Ceratopogoninae. Forcipomyia has no synapomorphies and may be paraphyletic in relation to Atrichopogon. Austroconops is morphologically conservative (possesses many plesiomorphic features) in each life stage and this allows for interpretation of a number of features within Ceratopogonidae and other Culicomorpha. A new interpretation of Cretaceous fossil lineages shows that Austroconops, Leptoconops, Minyohelea Borkent, Jordanoconops 1 Royal British Columbia Museum, American Museum of Natural History, and Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad. -
Cytotaxonomy, Morphology and Molecular Systematics of the Bioko Form of Simulium Yahense (Diptera: Simuliidae)
Bulletin of Entomological Research (2003) 93, 145–157 DOI: 10.1079/BER2003228 Cytotaxonomy, morphology and molecular systematics of the Bioko form of Simulium yahense (Diptera: Simuliidae) R.J. Post1*, P.K. Flook2, A.L. Millest3, R.A. Cheke4, P.J. McCall2, M.D. Wilson5, M. Mustapha1, S. Somiari6, J.B. Davies2, R.A. Mank7, P. Geenen7, P. Enyong8, A. Sima9 and J. Mas10 1Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK: 2Division of Parasite and Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK: 3Department of Biological Sciences, University of Salford, UK: 4Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, UK: 5Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana: 6Windber Research Institute, Windber, USA: 7Animal Taxonomy Section, Wageningen University, The Netherlands: 8Medical Research Station, Kumba, Cameroon: 9Onchocerciasis Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea: 10Onchocerciasis Control Programme, Spanish International Cooperation Agency, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea Abstract Cytotaxonomic analysis of the polytene chromosomes from larvae of the Simulium damnosum Theobald complex from the island of Bioko in Equatorial Guinea is reported, and a new endemic cytoform is described. Chromosomally this cytoform is close to both S. squamosum (Enderlein) and S. yahense Vajime & Dunbar, but is not identical to either. However, it is morphologically and enzymatically identical to S. yahense. The Bioko form was also found to differ from other cytoforms of the S. damnosum complex in West Africa in the copy number or RFLP pattern of several different repetitive DNA sequences. It is clear that the Bioko form is genetically distinct from other populations of the S. -
Mandrillus Leucophaeus Poensis)
Ecology and Behavior of the Bioko Island Drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus poensis) A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Drexel University by Jacob Robert Owens in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2013 i © Copyright 2013 Jacob Robert Owens. All Rights Reserved ii Dedications To my wife, Jen. iii Acknowledgments The research presented herein was made possible by the financial support provided by Primate Conservation Inc., ExxonMobil Foundation, Mobil Equatorial Guinea, Inc., Margo Marsh Biodiversity Fund, and the Los Angeles Zoo. I would also like to express my gratitude to Dr. Teck-Kah Lim and the Drexel University Office of Graduate Studies for the Dissertation Fellowship and the invaluable time it provided me during the writing process. I thank the Government of Equatorial Guinea, the Ministry of Fisheries and the Environment, Ministry of Information, Press, and Radio, and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism for the opportunity to work and live in one of the most beautiful and unique places in the world. I am grateful to the faculty and staff of the National University of Equatorial Guinea who helped me navigate the geographic and bureaucratic landscape of Bioko Island. I would especially like to thank Jose Manuel Esara Echube, Claudio Posa Bohome, Maximilliano Fero Meñe, Eusebio Ondo Nguema, and Mariano Obama Bibang. The journey to my Ph.D. has been considerably more taxing than I expected, and I would not have been able to complete it without the assistance of an expansive list of people. I would like to thank all of you who have helped me through this process, many of whom I lack the space to do so specifically here. -
Diptera) of Finland 91 Doi: 10.3897/Zookeys.441.7600 CHECKLIST Launched to Accelerate Biodiversity Research
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 441: 91–95 (2014) Checklist of the family Simuliidae (Diptera) of Finland 91 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.441.7600 CHECKLIST www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Checklist of the family Simuliidae (Diptera) of Finland Jari Ilmonen1 1 Metsähallitus Natural Heritage Services, Vantaa, Finland Corresponding author: Jari Ilmonen ([email protected]) Academic editor: J. Kahanpää | Received 27 March 2014 | Accepted 19 June 2014 | Published 19 September 2014 http://zoobank.org/A50A1040-C3AB-4B83-BB4A-9A5166B183B9 Citation: Ilmonen J (2014) Checklist of the family Simuliidae (Diptera) of Finland. In: Kahanpää J, Salmela J (Eds) Checklist of the Diptera of Finland. ZooKeys 441: 91–95. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.441.7600 Abstract A checklist of the family Simuliidae (Diptera) is provided for Finland and recognizes 56 species. One new record has been added (Simulium latipes) and one name sunken in synonymy (Simulium carpathicum). Furthermore, Simulium tsheburovae is treated as a doubtful record. Keywords Checklist, Finland, Diptera, Simuliidae Introduction Simuliidae is a relatively small family of nematoceran flies, comprised of 2,163 species (2,151 living and 12 fossil) world-wide (Adler and Crosskey 2014). Numerous taxo- nomical confusions and different views on nomenclature between eastern and western scientists have created confusion in blackfly studies for many decades. Some taxonomi- cal issues concerning species occurring in North Europe have been resolved by recent synonymisations (Raastad et al. 2010, Adler and Crosskey 2014). Systematics and nomenclature of the enumeration follow that of Adler and Crosskey (2014), and only the most relevant synonyms used in previous checklists for Finland are listed. -
Experimental Stream Application of Bti for Human Nuisance Black Fly
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Technical Bulletins Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station 10-1-1988 TB133: Experimental Stream Application of B.t.i. for Human Nuisance Black Fly Management in a Recreational Area K. Elizabeth Gibbs Rhonda J. Boyer Brian P. Molloy Dorothy A. Hutchins Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/aes_techbulletin Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Gibbs, K.E., R.J. Boyer, B.P. Molloy, and D.A. Hutchins. 1988. Experimental stream applications of B.t.i. for human nuisance black fly management in a recreational area. Maine Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin 133. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Technical Bulletins by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ISSN 0734-9556 Experimental Stream Applications of B.t.i. for Human Nuisance Black Fly Management in a Recreational Area MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION UNIVERSITY OF MAINE Technical Bulletin 133 October 1988 Experimental Stream Applications of B.t.i. for Human Nuisance Black Fly Management in a Recreational Area by K. Elizabeth Gibbs Associate Professor: Department of Entomology Rhonda J. Boyer Graduate Student: Department of Entomology Brian P. Molloy Student Assistant: Department of Entomology Dorothy A. Hutchins Consulting Entomologist: P. O. Box 388, Fort Fairfield, ME 04742 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION UNIVERSITY OF MAINE ii MAES TECHNICAL BULLETIN 133 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors acknowledge with thanks the contributions of the following: P. H. Adler, K. R. -
An Inventory of Nepal's Insects
An Inventory of Nepal's Insects Volume III (Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera & Diptera) V. K. Thapa An Inventory of Nepal's Insects Volume III (Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera& Diptera) V.K. Thapa IUCN-The World Conservation Union 2000 Published by: IUCN Nepal Copyright: 2000. IUCN Nepal The role of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) in supporting the IUCN Nepal is gratefully acknowledged. The material in this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for education or non-profit uses, without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. IUCN Nepal would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication, which uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or other commercial purposes without prior written permission of IUCN Nepal. Citation: Thapa, V.K., 2000. An Inventory of Nepal's Insects, Vol. III. IUCN Nepal, Kathmandu, xi + 475 pp. Data Processing and Design: Rabin Shrestha and Kanhaiya L. Shrestha Cover Art: From left to right: Shield bug ( Poecilocoris nepalensis), June beetle (Popilla nasuta) and Ichneumon wasp (Ichneumonidae) respectively. Source: Ms. Astrid Bjornsen, Insects of Nepal's Mid Hills poster, IUCN Nepal. ISBN: 92-9144-049 -3 Available from: IUCN Nepal P.O. Box 3923 Kathmandu, Nepal IUCN Nepal Biodiversity Publication Series aims to publish scientific information on biodiversity wealth of Nepal. Publication will appear as and when information are available and ready to publish. List of publications thus far: Series 1: An Inventory of Nepal's Insects, Vol. I. Series 2: The Rattans of Nepal. -
149 Astmh.Org
149 499 endosymbiont Wolbachia. Depletion of Wolbachia with the antibiotic doxycycline arrests development, fertility and viability and delivers potent ONCHOCERCA LUPI: AN EMERGING ZOONOSIS IN macrofilaricidal efficacy in clinical trials. In order to identify alternative NORTHERN EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES? anti-Wolbachia drugs with a more rapid activity we have exploited the host nematodes immune regulation of Wolbachia populations through 1 2 Matthew Belenchia , David Adams autophagy to discover drugs with a wolbachiacidal mode of action. We 1AASU, Savannah, GA, United States, 2AASU/Medical College of Georgia, have screened libraries of 100 autophagy inducing drugs and compounds Savannah, GA, United States against B. malayi. Selected ‘hits’ are then screened against transgenic C. The geographical distribution of cases caused by Onchocerca lupi, a elegans and human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells expressing a fluorescent common parasitic worm in wolves, has widened during the last decade. autophagy marker, ATG8 to identify drugs, which are selectively more Moving from Southern European countries such as Greece and Turkey, an potent against nematode versus human autophagy activation. Hits ranked increasing number of cases have begun to emerge in Northern Europe and by relative nematode potency are progressed through the A·WOL drug the Americas. Common arthropod vectors for O. lupi include blackflies discovery and development screening pipeline to identify pre-clinical lead (e.g., Simulium yahense and midges (e.g., Culicoides spp.). O. lupi candidates and optimized combinations of anti-Wolbachia drugs to reduce commonly causes ocular problems such as conjunctivitis, photophobia, and treatment timeframes. excessive lacrimation. In recent years, however, clinicians have identified cases that have involved extra-ocular sites such as the spinal canal. -
Ofsimulium Damnosum Sl
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 3–11, 2008 DOI: 10.1017/S1742758408901351 q icipe 2008 Cytotaxonomy of Simulium soderense sp. nov. and a redescription of the ‘Kulfo’ form (Dunbar, 1969) of Simulium damnosum s.l. (Diptera: Simuliidae) as Simulium kulfoense sp. nov. in Ethiopia Mamuye Hadis1*, Michael D. Wilson2, Millicent A. Cobblah3 and Daniel A. Boakye2 1Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, PO Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: 2Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana: 3Department of Zoology, University of Ghana, PO Box 67, Legon, Accra, Ghana (Accepted 22 November 2007) Abstract. The exact taxonomic identity of members of the Simulium damnosum Theobald complex in Ethiopia was not known until recently. A cytotaxonomic analysis of larval chromosomes from the Kulfo River area in southern Ethiopia, from where the ‘Kulfo’ form was reported, and from the Awash River at Sodere in central Ethiopia has revealed the existence of two newly recognized species, namely Simulium kulfoense and Simulium soderense. Although three fixed and 11 floating inversions in the chromosomes of the ‘Kulfo’ form were described in an idiogram, in the present study four fixed and 17 floating inversions were observed, out of which only seven floating inversions were the same as Dunbar’s, indicating that the remaining 10 inversions were either missed or misinterpreted. Though both species share many inversions, S. kulfoense sp. nov. has a diagnostic inversion on chromosome II, IIL-E6, with no sex-linked chromosomal arrangement, while S. soderense sp. nov.has a sex-linked inversion, IIS-3, which warrants it as a distinct species. -
Aquatic Insects: Holometabola – Diptera, Suborder Nematocera
Glime, J. M. 2017. Aquatic Insects: Holometabola – Diptera, Suborder Nematocera. Chapt. 11-13b. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte 11-13b-1 Ecology. Volume 2. Bryological Interaction. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 15 April 2021 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology2/>. CHAPTER 11-13b AQUATIC INSECTS: HOLOMETABOLA – DIPTERA, SUBORDER NEMATOCERA TABLE OF CONTENTS Suborder Nematocera, continued ........................................................................................................... 11-13b-2 Chironomidae – Midges .................................................................................................................. 11-13b-2 Emergence ............................................................................................................................... 11-13b-4 Seasons .................................................................................................................................... 11-13b-5 Cold-water Species .................................................................................................................. 11-13b-6 Overwintering .......................................................................................................................... 11-13b-7 Current Velocity ...................................................................................................................... 11-13b-7 Diversity .................................................................................................................................