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Exploratory Study of Early Adopters, Safety-Related Driving with Advanced Technologies

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Exploratory Study of Early Adopters, Safety-Related Driving with Advanced Technologies DOT HS 809 972 January 2006 Exploratory Study of Early Adopters, Safety-Related Driving with Advanced Technologies Final Report This publication is distributed by the U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, in the interest of information exchange. The opinions, findings and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the Department of Transportation or the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The United States Government assumes no liability for its content or use thereof. If trade or manufacturer’s names or products are mentioned, it is because they are considered essential to the object of the publication and should not be construed as an endorsement. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipients's Catalog No. DOT HS 809 972 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Exploratory Study of Early Adopters, Safety- January 2006 Related Driving With Advanced Technologies. Draft Final Task 2 Report: In-Vehicle Systems Inventory, Recruitment Methods & Approaches, and Owner Interview Results. 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Robert E. Llaneras 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS)n code Westat 1650 Research Blvd. Rockville, MD 20850 11. Contract of Grant No. DTNH22-99-D-07005 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Draft Final Report, 9/5/2003-6/31/2005 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 400 Seventh Street, S.W. Washington, DC 20590 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes Contracting Officer’s Technical Representative (COTR); Michael Perel. 16. Abstract Exploratory work was undertaken to study driver real world experiences associated with the use of advanced technologies currently available in production automobiles (e.g., Adaptive Cruise Control, night vision, park aid, and navigation systems). The effort involved identifying and interviewing so called “early technology adopters” (owners of recently introduced in-vehicle technologies) in order to provide insights into driver acceptance and adaptation to these types of systems. Although the current effort included a substantial data collection effort, its primary role was as a feasibility study intended to determine successful methods and approaches for identifying and contacting system owners which could be successfully used in future large-scale and representative data collection efforts. A total of 480 vehicle owners were recruited to participate, resulting in 691 completed interviews. Evidence suggests that some form or degree of driver behavioral adaptation occurred for each of the systems examined. Some changes represented improvements (e.g., enhanced ability to detect obstacles at night or behind the vehicle, etc.) while others lead to potentially riskier driving practices (e.g., longer glances away from the forward roadway, etc.). Many drivers were found to hold misconceptions about the performance capabilities of their advanced systems, suggesting that drivers’ mental models of how these systems function do not always match reality. Information gathered can lead to improved designs and educational programs to ensure that drivers understand device functions, capabilities and limitations, and can also serve as an early indication of the safety benefits or problems that new technologies may bring when they are more fully deployed in the light vehicle fleet. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement In-Vehicle Technologies Document is available to the public through the National Driver Adaptation Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 162 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................. i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... ix INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 IN-VEHICLE SYSTEM INVENTORY......................................................................................... 4 Adaptive Cruise Control Systems............................................................................................... 5 BMW Active Cruise Control .................................................................................................. 7 Cadillac Adaptive Cruise Control........................................................................................... 8 Infiniti Intelligent Cruise Control ......................................................................................... 10 Jaguar Adaptive Cruise Control............................................................................................ 12 Lexus Dynamic Laser Cruise Control................................................................................... 13 Mercedes-Benz Distronic...................................................................................................... 15 Toyota Sienna ....................................................................................................................... 17 Compliance To Recommended Practices & Standards ........................................................ 19 Park Aid Systems...................................................................................................................... 21 BMW Park Distance Control................................................................................................ 24 Cadillac Ultrasonic Rear Parking Assist............................................................................... 24 Ford Reverse Sensing System............................................................................................... 25 Lexus Park Assist.................................................................................................................. 26 Lincoln Extended Rear Park Assist ...................................................................................... 27 Mercedes-Benz Parktronic.................................................................................................... 27 Nissan Rear Sonar System.................................................................................................... 28 Toyota Park Assist ................................................................................................................ 28 Night Vision Systems ............................................................................................................... 30 Cadillac Night Vision ........................................................................................................... 30 Lexus Night View................................................................................................................. 32 Navigation & Route Guidance Systems ................................................................................... 34 Navigation System Displays & Location.............................................................................. 36 System Operation & Satisfaction.......................................................................................... 37 SURVEY DEVELOPMENT & ADMINISTRATION ................................................................ 39 Survey Instrument..................................................................................................................... 39 Recruitment Methods................................................................................................................ 46 Telephone Research Center Survey Management and Administration .................................... 50 SURVEY RESULTS .................................................................................................................... 51 EFFECTIVENESS OF RECRUITMENT METHODS................................................................ 51 Recruitment Method by Respondent Demographics ................................................................ 57 Recruitment Method by Cost Per Respondent.......................................................................... 58 OWNER INTERVIEW RESULTS .............................................................................................. 61 Sample Demographics .............................................................................................................. 61 Adaptive Cruise Control Systems............................................................................................. 62 System Usage........................................................................................................................ 64 Effectiveness & Acceptance ................................................................................................. 67 System Knowledge and Learning ......................................................................................... 68 Safety & Behavioral Impacts................................................................................................ 72 i Interface ................................................................................................................................ 77 ACC Design Influences .......................................................................................................
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