PELANCONGAN PULAU DAN PEMBANGUNAN SOSIOEKONOMI PENGUSAHA TEMPATAN NORHAFIZA BINTI MD SHARIF Ogos 2017

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PELANCONGAN PULAU DAN PEMBANGUNAN SOSIOEKONOMI PENGUSAHA TEMPATAN NORHAFIZA BINTI MD SHARIF Ogos 2017 PELANCONGAN PULAU DAN PEMBANGUNAN SOSIOEKONOMI PENGUSAHA TEMPATAN oleh NORHAFIZA BINTI MD SHARIF Tesis yang diserahkan untuk memenuhi keperluan bagi Doktor Falsafah Ogos 2017 PENGHARGAAN Alhamdulillah, bersyukur ke hadrat Ilahi kerana dengan izin dan restunya saya berjaya menyiapkan tesis ini dengan sempurna. Dengan ini, saya ingin merakamkan setinggi-tinggi penghargaan yang tulus ikhlas kepada penyelia utama tesis saya iaitu Dr. Ku Azam Tuan Lonik di atas tunjuk ajar, bimbingan dan nasihat yang telah menghasilkan kejayaan dalam penghasilan tesis ini. Tanpa sokongan dan usaha beliau yang berterusan, tesis ini tidak akan berjaya dihasilkan. Semoga segala ilmu yang dicurahkan akan mendapat ganjaran daripada Allah. Tidak lupa juga ucapan terima kasih kepada pensyarah-pensyarah dan semua kakitangan di Pusat Pengajian Pendidikan Jarak Jauh, Universiti Sains Malaysia. Sekalung penghargaan saya tujukan kepada Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) dan Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia (KPTM) kerana membiayai penyelidikan ini dan juga perbelanjaan sara hidup melalui pelbagai geran, elaun dan insentif. Tidak dilupakan kepada sahabat-sahabat seperjuangan di USM yang sentiasa membantu serta menyokong perjuangan ini. Ucapan terima kasih juga ditujukan kepada kesemua pengusaha pelancongan di Pulau Perhentian, Pulau Redang dan Pulau Tioman kerana sudi meluangkan masa dan memberi kerjasama yang baik dalam proses mengumpul maklumat dalam kajian ini. ii Jutaan penghargaan juga ingin saya sampaikan kepada suami tercinta, Zulakmal Bin Marzuki yang sentiasa memahami dan memberi sokongan sepanjang menyiapkan tesis ini. Kepada cinta hati, Muhammad Firas Aryan bin Zulakmal dan Nur Faheema Zahra binti Zulakmal, ummi doakan semoga menjadi anak-anak yang berjaya didunia dan diakhirat. Buat insan yang paling disayangi, ibu, Zaitun Binti Ahmad dan Bapa, Md Sharif Bin Bakar, terima kasih yang tidak terhingga kerana terlalu banyak pengorbanan yang diberikan sehingga kini. Terima kasih juga diucapkan kepada seluruh ahli keluarga di atas segala doa, sokongan serta dorongan yang berterusan dan tidak kenal erti jemu. Semoga kita semua sentiasa diberkati Allah. Sekian, NORHAFIZA BINTI MD SHARIF Pusat Pengajian Pendidikan Jarak Jauh (PPPJJ) Universiti Sains Malaysia [email protected] 22 OGOS 2017 iii ISI KANDUNGAN PENGHARGAAN ..................................................................................................... ii ISI KANDUNGAN ................................................................................................... iv SENARAI JADUAL ................................................................................................. ix SENARAI RAJAH ................................................................................................. xiii SENARAI SINGKATAN ........................................................................................ xv ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................. xvii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ xix BAB 1 PENGENALAN 1.1 Pendahuluan ……….........................................................................................1 1.2 Pelancongan Sebagai Strategi Pembangunan Sosioekonomi ...................................................................................................4 1.3 Pembangunan Pelancongan Pulau di Malaysia .................................................7 1.4 Pernyataan Masalah ........................................................................................14 1.5 Objektif Kajian ...............................................................................................19 1.6 Persoalan Kajian .............................................................................................19 1.7 Definisi dan Istilah ..........................................................................................20 1.8 Skop Kajian ....................................................................................................23 1.9 Organisasi Kajian ...........................................................................................25 1.10 Kesimpulan .................................................................................................... 28 BAB 2 KAJIAN LITERATUR 2.1 Pendahuluan ...................................................................................................29 2.2 Pelancongan Pulau ......................................................................................... 29 2.2.1 Definisi Pulau .....................................................................................30 2.2.2 Kategori Pulau ....................................................................................31 2.2.3 Pembangunan pelancongan pulau ...................................................... 32 2.3 Keusahawanan Pelancongan Komuniti Tempatan ..........................................36 2.3.1 Definisi komuniti ................................................................................37 iv 2.3.2 Istilah Pengusaha ................................................................................37 2.3.3 Konsep Keusahawanan ...................................................................... 40 2.3.4 Keusahawanan Pelancongan ..............................................................41 2.3.5 Keusahawnanan Pelancongan Pulau ..................................................44 2.3.6 Prestasi Perniagaan Pengusaha Tempatan...........................................46 2.3.7 Masalah dan Cabaran Pengusaha Pelancongan ...................................49 2.4 Impak Keusahawanan Pelancongan ke atas Komuniti ....................................55 2.4.1 Impak Positif ke atas Komuniti............................................................56 2.4.2 Impak Negatif ke atas Komuniti..........................................................59 2.5 Pemberdayaan dan Penglibatan Komuniti ......................................................61 2.5.1 Pemberdayaan Komuniti.....................................................................61 2.5.2 Penglibatan Komuniti .........................................................................63 2.5.3 Pelancongan Berasaskan Komuniti .................................................... 65 2.5.4 Pemberdayaan Komuniti Melalui Keusahawanan Pelancongan ....................................................................................... 67 2.6 Persepsi Komuniti Tempatan Terhadap Impak Pembangunan Pelancongan ........................................................................... 70 2.6.1 Persepsi Komuniti Tempatan Terhadap Impak Sektor Pelancongan..71 2.6.2 Persepsi Komuniti Tempatan Terhadap Pelancongan Berdasarkan Profil Demografi ............................................................72 2.7 Sokongan Komuniti Tempatan Terhadap Pembangunan Pelancongan.............................................................................75 2.8 Teori Pertukaran Sosial .................................................................................. 80 2.8.1 Teori Pertukaran Sosial dan Persepsi Komuniti Tempatan Terhadap Pembangunan Pelancongan ............................................................82 2.9 Kesimpulan .................................................................................................... 85 BAB 3 KAWASAN KAJIAN 3.1 Pendahuluan ...................................................................................................87 3.2 Kawasan Kajian ..............................................................................................88 3.2.1 Pulau Perhentian .................................................................................89 3.2.2 Pulau Redang ......................................................................................94 3.2.3 Pulau Tioman ..................................................................................... 97 v 3.3 Statistik Ketibaan Pelancong ........................................................................101 3.4 Pemilihan Kawasan Kajian ...........................................................................106 3.4.1 Asas pemilihan kawasan kajian ........................................................112 3.5 Kesimpulan ..................................................................................................113 BAB 4 METODOLOGI KAJIAN 4.1 Pendahuluan .................................................................................................114 4.2 Kaedah Penyelidikan ....................................................................................114 4.3 Reka Bentuk Kajian ......................................................................................116 4.4 Rangka Kerja Konseptual .............................................................................121 4.5 Pendekatan Kuantitatif .................................................................................125 4.6 Instrumen Kajian ..........................................................................................126 4.6.1 Pembentukan Borang Soal Selidik ....................................................126 4.7 Kerangka Persampelan .................................................................................133 4.7.1 Populasi dan persampelan kajian ......................................................134 4.7.2 Penentuan Saiz Sampel .....................................................................137 4.8 Data dan Sumber Data ..................................................................................139
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