Breaking Stereotypes: Gender and Diversity in the English As a Second/ Foreign Language Classroom

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Breaking Stereotypes: Gender and Diversity in the English As a Second/ Foreign Language Classroom Breaking Stereotypes: Gender and Diversity in the English as a Second/ Foreign Language Classroom DIPLOMARBEIT zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades einer Mag.a phil. an der Kultur- und Gesellschaftswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Paris-Lodron-Universität Salzburg Fachbereich Anglistik und Amerikanistik Gutachter: Dr. Markus Oppolzer eingereicht von Lisa Gratz Salzburg, Februar 2019 Content Eidesstattliche Erklärung ................................................................................................... i Danksagung ...................................................................................................................... ii Abstract ........................................................................................................................... iii 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 2. Gender Studies........................................................................................................... 4 2.1. What is Gender Studies? .................................................................................... 4 2.2. Intersectionality.................................................................................................. 7 3. ‘Boys will be boys, and girls will be girls’: Current Gender Roles and Stereotypes in Western Culture ................................................................................................... 10 3.1. Diversity and Equality in 21st Century Hollywood Blockbusters .................... 16 4. Teaching Gender Studies and Diversity in the EFL Classroom .............................. 29 4.1. Teaching Diversity and Gender through Film ................................................. 37 5. Marvel’s Black Panther ........................................................................................... 41 5.1. A Social Phenomenon: Black Panther - More than Just Another Superhero Movie ....................................................................................................................... 47 6. Lesson Plans ............................................................................................................ 50 6.1. Curriculum ....................................................................................................... 51 6.2. Further considerations ...................................................................................... 52 6.3. General Information ......................................................................................... 58 6.4. Learning Objectives ......................................................................................... 59 6.5. Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Descriptors ..... 60 6.6. Sequence of Lessons ........................................................................................ 63 6.7. Worksheets ....................................................................................................... 75 7. Reflection ................................................................................................................ 87 7.1. First Lesson ...................................................................................................... 88 7.2. Second Lesson ................................................................................................. 91 7.2.1. Homework Assignment ......................................................................... 92 7.3. Third Lesson .................................................................................................... 97 7.4. Fourth Lesson................................................................................................... 98 8. Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 105 Appendix ...................................................................................................................... 109 Teaching Materials ....................................................................................................... 109 Bibliography ................................................................................................................. 113 Bibliography (Teaching Material) ................................................................................ 118 List of Images (Teaching Material) .............................................................................. 118 i Eidesstattliche Erklärung Ich erkläre hiermit eidesstattlich [durch meine eigenständige Unterschrift], dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit selbständig verfasst und keine anderen als die angegebenen Quellen und Hilfsmittel verwendet habe. Alle Stellen, die wörtlich oder inhaltlich den angegebenen Quellen entnommen wurden, sind als solche kenntlich gemacht. Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde bisher in gleicher oder ähnlicher Form noch nicht als Diplomarbeit eingereicht. _________________________________ Datum, Unterschrift ii Danksagung An dieser Stelle möchte ich noch die Gelegenheit nutzen und mich für die zahlreiche Unterstützung bedanken, die ich während des Verfassens dieser Arbeit bekommen habe. Ein besonderer Dank gilt meinem Betreuer Dr. Markus Oppolzer, der mit seiner persönlichen und fachlichen Unterstützung einen großen Teil zum Gelingen dieser Diplomarbeit beigetragen hat. Seine hilfreichen Ratschläge und konstruktives Feedback haben mich auf den richtigen Weg gebracht und ich war immer sehr froh um seine wertvollen Hinweise. Herzlichen Dank für die Zeit und Mühe, die Sie in meine Arbeit gesteckt haben. Des Weiteren möchte ich mich bei Mag. Maria Pacher bedanken, die es mir ermöglicht hat die geplanten Unterrichtsstunden in ihrer 5. Klasse in der BAfEP Salzburg zu unterrichten. Die Stunden, die ich mit den Schülerinnen und dem Schüler verbringen durfte, waren eine wertvolle Erfahrung und ohne die Offenheit und Mitarbeit der Schülerinnen und Schüler hätte diese Arbeit nicht entstehen können. Ich möchte mich außerdem bei all meinen Freundinnen und Freunden und Mitstudierenden für die vielen motivierenden Worte und zahlreichen Anregungen bedanken, die ebenfalls maßgeblich zur Fertigstellung dieser Arbeit beigetragen haben. Ebenfalls großer Dank gebührt meiner Familie, insbesondere meinen Eltern. Sie haben mich immer in all meinen Entscheidungen unterstützt und standen mir nicht nur während des Verfassens dieser Arbeit, sondern während des gesamten Studiums mit aufmunternden Worten und Ratschlägen zur Seite. Ihr unermüdliches Vertrauen in mich und ihre andauernde Unterstützung sind mir unendlich viel wert. Abschließend möchte ich mich noch bei meinem Freund, Tobias, für seine Geduld und Unterstützung bedanken. Danke, dass du immer ein offenes Ohr für meine Sorgen hast und mich beim Schreiben dieser Arbeit immer unterstützt und ermuntert hast. iii Abstract In our increasingly globalized and progressive world, the demand to promote diversity and gender equality in our classrooms has steadily grown in recent years. However, in many narratives available for English as a second or foreign language, we still encounter representations of typical gender roles as well as a lack of diversity of gender identities and individuals with diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds. As students are confronted with these representations in other aspects of their lives as well, such as in advertisements, the media, in films or on television, it seems even more significant for teachers to include such issues in class in order for students to become aware of stereotypical representations of gender and race and, hopefully, encourage them to reflect upon their own preconceptions critically. Since gender awareness is even part of the Austrian curricula for secondary schools, appropriate teaching materials for educators are much needed. The unfortunate fact that these are not widely available, might deter teachers from thoroughly discussing topics connected to gender and diversity with their students. Furthermore, the lack of a wide variety of resources might also discourage educators from covering such topics for fear of offending someone. In an attempt to contribute to this limited pool of resources, this thesis offers a brief introduction to gender studies and provides an overview of existing gender roles and stereotypes in Western culture. Since films are a medium that students are often in contact with, there is a special focus on how gender and diversity are represented in popular Hollywood blockbusters. Using these theoretical frameworks as a basis, this thesis then presents a sequence of four lessons that can be used in English as a foreign language (EFL) classrooms at a B2 level. The sequence includes the viewing of parts of the Marvel film Black Panther (2018) by Ryan Coogler as this production has been widely praised for its representation of Black characters, especially female Black characters. 1 1. Introduction Every day we are confronted with stereotypes, prejudices and bias related to how we behave, speak and dress. Statements such as “Girls like pink and boys like blue” are put into our minds at an early age and influence our perception and expectation of gender identities. Our culture is still mostly led by heteronormative thinking and has maintained clear expectations concerning the roles of males and females in our society. Furthermore, Western culture often projects the idea that White people are the superior race due to the fact that they make up the majority in many societies. These notions are then encoded
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