Map of Dolerite Dyke Swarms and Related Units of Russia and Selected Adjacent Regions

Карта роев долеритовых даек и связанных с ними комплексов России и избранных соседних регионов

45°0'0"E 70°0'0"E 95°0'0"E 120°0'0"E 145°0'0"E 170°0'0"E 180°0'0" 70°0'0"N

LABEL SWARM NAME LOCATION AGE TREND LENGTH WIDTH RELATED REFERENCE (km) (km) UNITS

80°0'0"N K1 East Kola (dolerite) Kola Peninsula ?380 Ma N-S G. Fedotov K2 Pechenga (dolerite) Kola Peninsula 380 Ma Ar-Ar NNE G. Fedotov K3 Rybachy Kola Peninsula 540-600 Ma NE G. Fedotov 0 750 1,500 Km K4 Vochelambina (olivine Kola Peninsula 1160 Ma E-W Local Local G. Fedotov dolerite) K5 Verkhnetulomsky Kola Peninsula 1760 Ma G. Fedotov (lamprophyre) K6 Barenzevomorsky Kola Peninsula 1900 Ma (Sm-Nd) NW 120 km G. Fedotov (dolerite, poikioophhitic) K7 Njasjukka (ol gabbro, krs Kola Peninsula 1940 Ma NW G. Fedotov plagioperidotite) K8 Uraguba (ferropicrite) Kola Peninsula ? 1940-2000 Ma N-S G. Fedotov K9 Drozdovka (ferrodolerite) Kola Peninsula ? E-W G. Fedotov K10 Marjok (ferrodolerite) Kola Peninsula 2450-2500 Ma? N-S G. Fedotov K11 Murmansk (ferrodolerite) Kola Peninsula 1900-2100 Ma NE G. Fedotov D42 K12 Moncha-Pechenga Kola Peninsula 1900-2100 Ma swings G. Fedotov (ferrodolerite) NW to NNW K13 Dolgaja Tshely Kola Peninsula 1900-2200 Ma NW G. Fedotov D26 (picrodolerite)

D11 K14 Pecheguba (low Al Kola Peninsula 2000-2200 Ma N-S G. Fedotov

D15 D14 microgabbro)

D12 K15 Kolmozero (low Al Kola Peninsula 2000-2200 Ma NE G. Fedotov microgabbro) D13 K16 Bauman pit (quartz Kola Peninsula Ca. 2040 Ma (Sm- NW G. Fedotov D39 dolerite) Nd) K17 North Pechenga (quartz Kola Peninsula 2050-2300 Ma NNE G. Fedotov dolerite) K18 Rosljakovo (quartz Kola Peninsula 2050-2300 Ma) NW G. Fedotov D46 D52 dolerite) A K19 Keyvy-2 (quartz dolerite) Kola Peninsula 2050-2300 Ma NE G. Fedotov K20 Keyvy-1 (olivine Kola Peninsula Ca. 2320 Ma Sm- E-W G. Fedotov gabbronorite Nd C51 D38 K21 Olegorsk pit (olivine Kola Peninsula 2495 Ma U-Pb NE G. Fedotov gabbronorite) C65 K22a Loypishnun (norite) Kola Peninsula 2487 Ma, 2496 Ma NW G. Fedotov C50 70°0'0"N U-Pb K22b Loypishnun Kola Peninsula 2506 Ma U-Pb NW G. Fedotov C43 C42 C7 D40 (gabbronorite) D36 C11 K22c Loypishnun (low K Kola Peninsula Ca. 2.52 Ma Sm- NW G. Fedotov tholeiite) Nd C18 K23 Mustatunturi (olivine Kola Peninsula Ca. 2550 Ma Sm- NNE G. Fedotov gabbronorite) Nd C38 C60 K24 Plagioclase dolerite Kola Peninsula >2600 Ma Various G. Fedotov C8 trends D37 D41 D22 K25 Kigora pit (gabbronorite) Kola Peninsula 2740 Ma U-Pb NW G. Fedotov D35 C24 BS1 Sayan swarm Sayan-Baikal 780-740 Ma Gladkochub et al. (2007) C4 area BS2 Baikal & northern Baikal Sayan-Baikal 800-760 Ma Gladkochub et al. (2007) D47 C5 swarms area U1 T Urals Triassic V.N. Puchkov G U2 C Urals Carboniferous V.N. Puchkov C47 D16 U3 D Urals Devonian dykes V.N. Puchkov C14 B U4 D Urals Devonian sheeted V.N. Puchkov D D21 complexes C16C15 C82 U5 O Urals Ordovician dykes V.N. Puchkov C17 C9 D20 E D3 (?) D1 C19 U6 O Urals Ordovician sheeted V.N. Puchkov complex C34 D44 D19 U7 UR Urals Upper Riphean V.N. Puchkov C21 C22 U8 EMR Urals Early and Middle V.N. Puchkov Riphean 60°0'0"N D5 K1 Ludikoviy Karelia 2060-1960 Ma NW V. Kulikov K2 Jatuliy Karelia 2220-2100 Ma variable V. Kulikov C56 K3 Sumiy Karelia 2500-2400 Ma NW & NE V. Kulikov M1 MZ Mongolia area Mesozoic ENE V.V. Yarmolyuk M2a P1 Mongolia area Paleozoic WNW V.V. Yarmolyuk F M2b P2 Mongolia area Paleozoic ENE-NE M2c C3-P1 Mongolia area Paleozoic E V.V. Yarmolyuk M2d D1-2 Mongolia area Devonian WSW & NNW C55 M3 NP2 Mongolia area Neoproterozoic NW V.V. Yarmolyuk D28 Uk1 Ukraine ? variable I.K. Pashkevich AD1 Eastern Aldan Proterozoic? NNE-NE A.N Didenko D31 shield AD2 Eastern Aldan Proterozoic? NW A.N Didenko shield C58 A.N Didenko C57 D49 AD3 Eastern Aldan Proterozoic? E-ESE C39 shield C84 C64 AD4 Eastern Aldan Proterozoic? E A.N Didenko D48 C79 shield C81 AD5 Eastern Aldan Proterozoic? N A.N Didenko

50°0'0"N C80 shield C54 1 Gashunnur dyke complex Mongolia, China, ~320 Ma (Sm-Nd) ESE 600 30 Baykova and Amelin C10 (1995) C78 C77 C30 C59 2 Khatanga dyke swarm Siberia Late Archean? NNW- 1000? Glukhovskii and Moralev

C1 NW (2003) C27 Background and C# and D# dykes 3 Sunnagin Early Archean? Glukhovskii and Moralev C (2003) after Ernst et al., 1996 D52 Ust’Nera e. Russia 100-65 Ma E, NE, N 50 60 D52 in [1] (65.0N, 142.0E) D62 D44 Bratsk e. Russia <250 Ma N-NNW 150 120 D44 in [1] (57.5N, 101E) D42 Ebekhaya e. Russia 250 Ma ESE 400 20 D42 in [1] (72N, 110E) 45°0'0"E 70°0'0"E 95°0'0"E 120°0'0"E 40°0'0"N 145°0'0"E D45 Kochikha e. Russia <250 Ma E 220 120 D45 in [1] (70.5N, 97E) D46 Kureyka e. Russia <250 Ma NE 310 240 D46 in [1] (69N, 95E) D43 Maymecha e. Russia <250 Ma ESE-SE 450 130 D43 in [1] (70N, 101E) from D. Gladkochub D47 Mutoray e. Russia <250 Ma E 150 60 D47 in [1] Dyke swarm maps at a continental scale are a powerful tool for identification of large igneous provinces (LIPs), interpreting geodynamic settings, locating E (61.5N, 102.0E) D48 Serebryansk Russia 250-245 Ma ~NE-E 100 150 D48 in [1] mantle plumes, characterizing the breakup history of supercontinents, and paleocontinental reconstructions. Such a map at 1:5 000 000 scale is now available for (49N, 84E) DYKE SWARMS & RELATED UNITS OF THE KOLA REGION D49 Tashanta Russia 250-205 Ma E 50 70 D49 in [1] Canada and adjacent regions (Buchan & Ernst, 2004, Geol. Surv. Canada. Map 2022A) and has proven to be very important in this context. Preparation of a Archean NORTH PECHENGA RYBACHY (50N, 88E) DOLGAJA TSHELY Kirgora pit, gabbronorite(2,74 Ga , U-Pb)

similar map for the dyke swarms of Russia and adjacent areas will undoubtedly prove equally useful. 30 C64 Anton-Taram Ukraine 360-328 Ma SE 200 10 C64 in [1] 35 25 30 Pl Dolerite (> 2,6 Ga) 35 30 PR 3 from Zh. Fedotov Paleoproterozoic D MUSTATUNTURI A (51N, 33E URAGUBA Mustatunturi, Ol Gabbronorite (ca 2.55 Ga, Sm-Nd) from V. Puchkov D37 --Chara-Sinsk e. Russia 360 Ma NE 700 600 D37 in [1] PR 1 NJASJUKKA Loypishnun, Low K Toleite (ca 2. 52 Ga, Sm-Nd) THE MODERN VIEW OF DYKE SWARMS: In recent years there has been a revolution in the study and understanding of dyke swarms. Aeromagnetic maps PECHENGA 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 (61N, 124E) M BARENZEVOMORSKY Loypishnun, Gabbronorite ( 2.506 Ga, U-Pb) O 70 N MURMANSK D39 --Dzhardzhan (Yakutsk e. Russia 360 Ma SE 200 200 D39 in [1] C Loypishnun, Norite (2.487, 2.496 Ga, U-Pb) H D reveal swarms of vast scale but simple geometry (linear and radiating). They can now be routinely dated to better than +/-5 million years precision using the U- A Olegorsk pit, Ol Gabbronorite (2.495 Ga, U-Pb) Northwest) (69N, 120E) - P E ROSLJAKOVO Keyvy 1, Ol Gabbronorite (ca 2.32 Ga, Sm-Nd) C D40 --Tomporuk (Yaktusk e. Russia 360 Ma N 300 100 D40 in [1] H Keyvy 2, Quartz Dolerite (2.05-2.3 Ga) Pb method on baddeleyite and zircon, and, in some instances, using the Ar-Ar technique. Dating indicates that many swarms are emplaced in short duration E Kola Block N DROZDOVKA Rosljakovo Quartz Dolerite (2.05-2.3) South) (63N, 137E) G

A P

- E Pl-DOLERITE North Pechenga, Quartz Dolerite (2.05-2.3 Ga) D N E. KOLA-2 D38 --Vilyui-Marcha e. Russia 360 Ma NE 800 400 D38 in [1] events of <10 million years. Paleomagnetic studies of precisely dated dykes can yield well constrained Apparent Polar Wander Paths (APWPs) and C O H Bauman pit, Quartz Dolerite (ca 2.04 Ga, Sm-Nd R E W (64N, 115E) G Kolmozero, Low Al Microgabbro(2.0-2.2 Ga) A U paleocontinental reconstructions. Y B Pecheguba, Low Al Microgabbro(2.0-2.2 Ga) A D37- Yakutsk 360 Ma NW-S D37-D40 in [1] A Dolgaja Tshely, Picrodolerite (1.9-2.2 Ga) O? OLENEGORSK PIT Т D40 (fan) BAUMAN PIT KIRGORA PIT Moncha-Pechenga, Ferrodolerite (1.9-2.1 Ga) 68 D41 Zhil’Gur e. Russia ? 360 Ma N 160 90 D41 in [1] PZ Murmansk, Ferrodolerite(1.9-2.1 Ga) CANADIAN NATIONAL DYKE SWARM MAP: The benefits of producing a Russian national dyke swarm map are well illustrated by the Canadian LOYPISHNJUN B O (61N, 127E) (local Monca Swarm) PZ KEYVY 1 Marjok, Ferrodolerite(2.45-2.5? Ga) KOLMOZERO MARJOK Drozdovka, Ferrodolerite (?) D35 Inta Russia 450-440 Ma NE 210 35 D35 in [1] VOCHELAMBINA UR D compilation (Buchan & Ernst 2004). This map compiles 453 swarms with an age distribution as follows: 35 Archean, 76 Paleoproterozoic, 60 Mesoproterozoic, Uraguba, Ferropicrite (?1.94-2.0) O (65N, 61.5E) White Sea Block Njasjukka, Ol Gabbro, Krs Plagioperidotite(1.94 Ga, U-Pb ) C 31 Neoproterozoic, and 162 Phanerozoic (97 Paleozoic, 27 Mesozoic, 38 Cenozoic) swarms, as well as 89 that are very poorly dated. Forty seven swarms are (dyke swarms are not present, PR 1 KEYVY 2 Barenzevomorsky, Dolerite Poikilioophitic (ca 1.9 Ga, Sm-Nd ) A D36 Yeletskiy Russia 450-440 Ma or 375- NE 30 10 D36 in [1] dykes are deformed and rare, Verkhnetulomsky, Lamprophyr (1.76 Ga, Ar-Ar ) T (67.3N, 65E) 325 Ma instead of dykes, syngenetic intrusive Mezoproterozoic considered to be giant swarms because they have a length >300 km. At least 6 of these swarms are longer than 1000 km and 10 swarms have a radiating O C60 Kandalaksha Bay w. Russia 550-250 NE C60 in [1] bodies of garnet gabbro and Vochelambina, Ol Dolerite(1.16 Ga, Ar-Ar ) lherzolite-gabbronorite are common) (67N, 33E) geometry (evidence for a mantle plume). The dykes are compiled from all regions and geological settings, including the Canadian Precambrian shield and Neoproterozoic D PR 1 Rybachy, Dolerite (540-600 Ma, Ar-Ar, K-Ar) 66 C56 Kirov (Kazhim) w. Russia < 600 NNE 150 50 C56 in [1] KOLA-1 Paleozoic

Precambrian inliers, Phanerozoic cover terranes, and orogenic belts. The Canadian map shows 111 units that are related to the dyke swarms, including volcanics, E. (58N, 51E) Pechenga, Dolerite (380 Ma, Ar-Ar) East Kola, Dolerite (? 380 Ma) C54 L’vov Ukraine < 600 SE 250 150 C54 in [1] sills and mafic-ultramafic intrusions. The map and associated report required about 2 ‘person years’ of work and was assembled by consulting more than2000 B (49N, 26E) detailed geological reports, and geological and aeromagnetic maps. O? C55 Moskva w. Russia < 600 E 600 200 C55 in [1] (55N, 40E) С C57 Saratov w. Russia < 600 E-ENE 400 250 C57 in [1] UR O (51.5N, 48E) PROPOSAL FOR A RUSSIAN DYKE SWARM MAP: Herein we announce plans to produce a map of "Dolerite Dyke Swarms and Related Units of Russia and from V. Kulikov O C58 Voronezh w. Russia < 600; ~380 Ma N-NNW 300 200 C58 in [1] B Dykes and related complexes Selected Adjacent Regions". Based on the density and age distribution of swarms on the Canadian map, we estimate that such a map of Russia and adjacent 64 (only exposed): (52N, 41E) D31 Hovsgol Mongolia 680 Ma (K-Ar) N D31 in [1] 2.5-2.4 Ga: Sumiy O EMR regions would likely contain more than 700 swarms (>200 of Precambrian age and >500 of Phanerozoic age). Of these perhaps 100 would be giant swarms Early and Middlle Riphean (51N, 101E) D UR D Upper Riphean C47 Timan w. Russia 680-350? SE-SSE 1500 300 C47 in [1] (>300 km in length), 10 would be >1000 km, and 20 would show a giant radiating geometry. As with the Canadian map the Russian map will undoubtedly prove 2.22-2.1 Ga: Jatuliy O O Ordovician sheeted complex (65N, 50E) to be of great use in solving fundamental tectonic and geodynamic problems. 2.06-1.94 Ga: Ludikoviy O? Ordovician dykes(?) from V. Yarmolyuk D28 Slyudyanka Russia 900-550 Ma E 90 15 D28 in [1] A D Devonian sheeted complex F (51.8N, 104E) B D Devonian dykes C39 Kovel’ Ukraine 1100-1000 Ma E-NE 200 200 C39 in [1] C (51.5N, 24E) Symposium title: 62 Carboniferous MPI-04 MPI-04 Mafic dyke swarms: A global perspective. At IGC33 (Oslo, Norway, August 2008) UR T Triassic dike belts D26 Chieress Anabar Shield 1384+/-2 Ma (U-Pb SE 30 30 Ernst et al. (2000); D26 in (70.8N, 112.0E) baddeleyite) [1] D NP Zones: 2 D22 Brindakit e. Russia 1400-1000 Ma N 200 30 D22 in [1] Author Details D A- Preuralian 1-2 (60N, 137E) Ernst, R.E. (Carleton University & Ernst Geosciences, Earth Sciences, Ottawa, Canada, [email protected]) UR PZ D21 Tomptokan e. Russia 1400-1000 Ma N 100 100 D21 in [1] B- West Uralian MZ D (57N, 135E) Puchkov, V.N. (Ufimian Scientific Centre, Institute of Geology, Ufa, Russian Federation, [email protected]) B C30 Bobrinets Ukraine 1440-1380 Ma SE 150 60 C30 in [1] C- Central Uralian (48N, 32E) 60 D14 Juken e. Russia 1500-1200 Ma (K- SE D14 in [1] A D- Tagilo-Magnitogorskian D1-2 Bogdanova, S.V. (Dept. of Geology, University of Lund, Sweden; [email protected]) P2 (70N, 113E) Ar) C D D15 West Anabar e. Russia 1500-1000 Ma (K- NE D15 in [1] E- East Uralian Buchan, K.L. (Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, [email protected]) (70.7N, 105.5E) Ar) MZ D12 Kuonamka Anabar Shield 1503+/-5 Ma (U-Pb E 250 30 Ernst et al. (2000); UR E F- Transuralian Didenko, A.N. (Institute of Tectonics and Geophysics FEB RAS, Khabarovsk, [email protected]) (69.0N, 111.0E) baddeleyite) Veselovsky et al. (2006); Fedotov, Zh.A. (Kola Science Centre, Apatity, Russian Federation, [email protected]) NP2 Ernst et al. (2008) Main Uralian Fault C27 Azovian Block Ukraine 1550-1200 Ma SE 150 100 C27 in [1] Gladkochub, D.P. (Institute of the Earth's Crust, Irkutsk,Russian Federation, [email protected]) 58 P (47N, 37E) Kulikov, V.S. (Institute for Geology of Karelia Science Centre, Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation, [email protected]) 1 D13 Kengede Anabar Shield 1600-1200 Ma (K- E 280 50 D13 in [1] (69.5N, 110.0E) Ar) Okrugin, A.V. (Yakutian Institute of Geosciences, Yakutsk, Russian Federation, a.v.okrugin@diamond.ysn.ru) D20 Krasnoyarsk Russia 1600-550 Ma N 360 60 D20 in [1] A (56.5N, 93E) B E Pashkevich I.K. (Institute of Geophysics,Kiev, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, [email protected]) C-P31 D11 East Anabar Anabar Shield 1750 Ma (Ar-Ar) SSE 150 40 D11 in [1]; Ernst et al. 70.5N, 111.0E) (2008) Pavlov, V. (Institute for the Physics of the Earth, Moscow, Russian Federation, [email protected]) T D16 Timptono-Algamaisky Aldan Shield 1750 Ma (Ar-Ar) 130 430 120 D16 in [1]; Ernst et al. 56 Sharkov, E.V. (IGEM, Moscow, Russian Federation, [email protected]) C (57N, 129E) (2008) D12 Central Anabar Anabar Shield 1800-1400 Ma (K- ENE 190 40 D12 in [1] 0 A B from A. Didenko Smelov, A.P. (Yakutian Institute of Geosciences, Yakutsk, Russian Federation, [email protected]) 27 G (70.0N, 109.0E) Ar) 0 OMIB 30 SKETCH MAP OF THE MAFIC DYKE SWARMS D19 Kalaro-Nimnyrsky Aldan Shield 1880 Ma NE 600 310 D19 in [1]; Ernst et al. Yarmolyuk, V.V. (IGEM, Moscow, Russian Federation, [email protected]) OF THE UKRAINIAN SHIELD. EMR C (58N, 126E) (Ar-Ar) (2008) +others (rest of Working Group) C D5 Tukuringra Zone e. Russia 1900-1800 Ma D5 in [1] ------330 from I. Pashkevich UR E (55N, 125E) VL EMR D C9 Karelian Russia & U~ 2100 Ma SE 700? 300? C9 in [1] 54 GIS support: Harris, B.A. (Geological Survey of Canada, [email protected]) D T Scandinavia Kiev 0 50 C (64N, 32E) 1.89-1.74 0 36 F C10 Kirovohrad Ukraine 2100-1800 Ma E-ESE 50 50 C10 in [1] Zhitomir (48.5N, 33E) 0 50 D3 Sutam Belt e. Russia ~2100 Ma D3 in [1] 1.32-1.20 D (56.5N, 125E) 390 C C T C3 Kolvitsa w. Russia ~2450 Ma C3 in [1] Vinnitza Bg-R D T ~(67N, 36E) [1] Ernst, R.E., Buchan, K.L., West, T.D., Palmer, H.C. (1996) Diabase (dolerite) dyke swarms of the world: first edition. Geological Survey of Canada Open File 3241. 1.99-1.31 52 Dniepropetrovsk C4 Paajarvi w. Russia & U ~2450 Ma SE C4 in [1] Baykova, V.S., Amelin, Yu.V. (1995) The Sm-Nd age of the Gashunnur dike complex, Mongolia. Transactions of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Earth Science Sections, v. 336, no. 4, pp. 40-44. 0 Uman 42 B Scandinavia Pd 0 Ernst, R.E., Buchan, K.L., Hamilton, M.A., Okrugin, A.V., Tomshin, M.D. (2000). Integrated paleomagnetism and U-Pb geochronology of mafic dikes of the eastern Anabar shield region, Siberia: Kirovograd 48 C1 Dnipropetrovsk Ukraine >2500 Ma N 100 50 C1 in [1] 0.345-0.25 D (47.5N, 35E) Implications for Mesoproterozoic paleolatitude of Siberia and comparison with Laurentia. The Journal of Geology, v. 108, pp. 381-401. O E M-Pdn 1.22-1.07 A F C2 Murmansk w. Russia >2500 Ma N-NW 150 250 C2 in [1] Ernst, R.E., Hanes, J.A., Puchkov, V.N., Okrugin, D.A. (2008) Reconnaissance Ar-Ar dating of Proterozoic dolerite dykes and sills in Siberia and the southern Urals: Identification of new Large (68N, 37E) Ing C8 Tersky w. Russia 2600-2100 Ma SE 150 10 C8 in [1] Igneous Provinces and implications for the reconstruction of the supercontinent Nuna (Columbia) [Abstract]. Annual Moscow Tectonics/Geodynamics Conference (Jan. 29 to Feb. 1, 2008). 0 48 PAz C 2.70-1.80 1.71-0.26 50 (66.5N, 35E) Gladkochub, D.P., Donskaya, T.V., Mazukabzov, A.M., Stanevich, A.M., Sklyarov, E.V., Ponomarchuk, V.A. (2007) Signature of Precambrian extension events in the southern Siberian craton. 1.44-1.38 D C77 Bazavluk Ukraine 2700-1800 Ma N-NNW 250 150 C77 in [1] 0 50 100 km Russian Geology and Geophysics, 48: 17-31. (48N, 35E) 0 0 0 Glukhovskii, M.Z., Moralev, V.M. (2003) Archean mafic dike swarms as the indicators of the specific features of the early Earth's plume-tectonic regime (with reference to the Siberian craton). 270 300 330 36 39 42 D1 Stanovik e. Russia ~2700 Ma D1 in [1] Contou rofthe Ukrainian Shield Megablocks of the Shield: VL - Volyn; P d - Podolian; 62 (56N, 124E) D C81 Khopier giant dyke w. Russia ?? NNE 200 C81 in [1] Geotectonics, v. 37, no. 2, pp. 124-139. Main faults Bg-R -Bud-Ros; Ing - Ing ul; M -Pdn - Middle-P eridniepr; PA z - Periazovian. (50N, 42E) Veselovsky, R.V., Petrov, P. Yu., Karpenko, S.F., Kostitsyn, Yu.A. and Pavlov, V. E. (2006) New paleomagnetic and isotopic data on the Mesoproterozoic Igneous Complex on the northern slope of The 2.0 Ga Osnitsk-M ikashevich i Igneous Belt (O MIB) C84 Zvisdal-Zalesk giant dyke Ukraine ?? N 80 C84 in [1] the Anabar massif. Transactions (Doklady) of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Earth Science Section, v. 411, no. 8, pp. 1190-1194. The 1.8 - 1.74 gabbro-anorthosite-rapakivi Plutons: (51.2N, 29.1E) Korosten (1) and Korsun-N ovom irgorod (2) 58 60 Dyke swarms 1.7 Age of dykes (Ga)

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