Quantitative Methods at the Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library 24 Applying Quantitative Methods to a Big Deal Package 26 Notes 27
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Library Technology R E P O R T S Expert Guides to Library Systems and Services Applying Quantitative Methods to E-book Collections Melissa J. Goertzen alatechsource.org American Library Association About the Author Library Technology Melissa J. Goertzen is the Collection Development Anal- REPORTS ysis & Support Librarian at Columbia University Librar- ies. She has ten years of experience working as a writer, ALA TechSource purchases fund advocacy, awareness, and project manager, and information professional at aca- accreditation programs for library professionals worldwide. demic institutions across Canada and the United States. Volume 53, Number 4 In 2016, she completed the E-book Program Development Applying Quantitative Methods to E-book Collections Study, an ambitious assessment project that documented ISBN: 978-0-8389-5987-9 the e-book landscape at Columbia University over the course of two years. The results provided a series of American Library Association strategic best practices for collection development ini- 50 East Huron St. Chicago, IL 60611-2795 USA tiatives. She completed a double BA program in English alatechsource.org and History at the University of Calgary, followed by a 800-545-2433, ext. 4299 312-944-6780 Master of Information Management (MLIS) at Dalhousie 312-280-5275 (fax) University. To learn more, please visit http://melissago ertzen.wordpress.com. Advertising Representative Samantha Imburgia [email protected] 312-280-3244 Acknowledgements Editors Patrick Hogan I thank the American Library Association for their sup- [email protected] port of this project. In particular, I would like to extend 312-280-3240 my gratitude to Samantha Imburgia and Patrick Hogan Samantha Imburgia for helpful discussions and feedback on early drafts. Also, [email protected] a special thank you to my wonderful collection develop- 312-280-3244 ment students, Karina Pantoja and Daisy Alarcon, who Copy Editor have provided invaluable assistance over the past four Judith Lauber years, particularly in regard to conducting background Production research, collecting data, and editing manuscripts. Tim Clifford and Samantha Imburgia Cover Design Alejandra Diaz Abstract Collection development activities that involve elec- Library Technology Reports (ISSN 0024-2586) is published eight times a tronic content require knowledge of quantitative year (January, March, April, June, July, September, October, and Decem- research methods. The ability to calculate cost per ber) by American Library Association, 50 E. Huron St., Chicago, IL 60611. It is managed by ALA TechSource, a unit of the publishing department of use, identify usage trends, and provide evidence for ALA. Periodical postage paid at Chicago, Illinois, and at additional mail- collection development decisions are essential skills ing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Library Technology in the digital age. Because of the dynamic nature of Reports, 50 E. Huron St., Chicago, IL 60611. electronic resources, particularly e-books, it has been Trademarked names appear in the text of this journal. Rather than identify challenging to create standardized methods that sup- or insert a trademark symbol at the appearance of each name, the authors port routine evaluations of collection materials. While and the American Library Association state that the names are used for editorial purposes exclusively, to the ultimate benefit of the owners of the the term quantitative analysis can seem daunting, I trademarks. There is absolutely no intention of infringement on the rights hope this issue of Library Technology Reports (vol. 53, of the trademark owners. no. 4), “Applying Quantitative Methods to E-book Col- lections,” demonstrates that it is possible to hone quan- titative skill sets and develop an evaluation framework for e-book collections based around readily available quantitative data sources regardless of the size of an individual library system or equipment budget. alatechsource.org Copyright © 2017 Melissa J. Goertzen All Rights Reserved. Subscriptions alatechsource.org/subscribe Contents Chapter 1—Analyzing E-book Collections in the Digital Age 5 The Concept behind This Issue of Library Technology Reports 5 Introduction to the E-book Program Development Study 6 Report Structure 6 Notes 7 Chapter 2—Establishing a Foundation 8 Brief Overview of the E-book Publishing Landscape 8 Brief Overview of Information Needs and Usage Trends 9 Local Information Needs at CUL 10 Suggested Resources 11 Notes 11 Chapter 3—Introduction to Quantitative Research and Data 12 What Is Quantitative Research? 12 Quantitative Research in Information Management Environments 13 Definitions of Local and External Data Sources 14 Indicators and Performance Measures That Support Quantitative Research 14 Challenges Presented by Quantitative Research 16 Designing a Quantitative Research Framework 16 Notes 17 Chapter 4—Putting It into Practice 19 Introduction to the E-book Collection and Quantitative Analysis at CUL 19 Developing a Baseline: E-book Cost Analysis Project 20 Applying Quantitative Methods at the Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library 24 Applying Quantitative Methods to a Big Deal Package 26 Notes 27 Chapter 5—Translation of Quantitative Results to Collection Development Policies 28 Disseminating Quantitative Analysis Results to Stakeholders 29 Unresolved Areas 30 Notes 30 Chapter 6—Conclusion 31 Chapter 1 Analyzing E-book Collections in the Digital Age nformation professionals work in an age of cus- identify areas where resources can be shifted to sup- tomized information consumption. The digital age port the teaching, learning, and research needs of a Iopened the door to a virtual reality where knowl- user community. edge is disseminated instantaneously around the globe Collection development activities that involve and opportunities for collaboration and innovation electronic content require knowledge of subject areas are endless. In this era, individuals select from a wide and local needs, as well as skill sets related to quan- variety of formats suited to unique learning styles and titative research and analysis. The ability to calcu- specific tasks. Convenience is the name of the game, late cost per use, identify usage trends, document and rapid technological advances in the consumer how funds are allocated to acquire materials, and market shape expectations regarding how electronic provide evidence for collection development deci- content can be discovered, accessed, and used. Librar- sions is essential. However, training opportunities in ians play an important role in this landscape, partic- this area of library work are still in development and ularly in regard to teaching, learning, and research not always widely available. At the same time, the environments; the ability to identify and acquire evolving nature of electronic resources, particularly ReportsLibrary Technology authoritative information links user communities to e-books, provides challenges in regard to develop- reliable resources that fulfill information needs. Over ing standardized methods of conducting quantitative the past decade, a growing interest in electronic con- analysis. When information managers share analysis tent has resulted in a greater emphasis on e-book col- methods currently used to evaluate electronic collec- lection development, which has required evaluations tions, opportunities for experimentation, feedback, of new business models, license agreements, and col- and standardization become available. lection assessment methods. The e-book market has yet to reach maturity and requires librarians to navi- The Concept behind This Issue gate a dynamic landscape that is often described as alatechsource.org “the new wild west.” of Library Technology Reports Despite the exponential growth of available infor- mation sources, collection budgets often remain fixed In the summer of 2016, I was presented with an and, in some cases, are reduced due to factors like the opportunity to write an issue of Library Technology economy, demands on general institutional resources, Reports that discussed quantitative methods related or assumptions that digital information is free. In this to the analysis and evaluation of e-book collections. 2017 May/June environment, information needs surpass available The initial concept was structured as a response to resources, and librarians are required to justify pur- the article “The Evolving DDA Project at the Orbis chases or requests for budget increases with quanti- Cascade Alliance” by Kathleen Carlisle Fountain.1 tative evidence. Now more than ever, it is essential Although the article focused on the results of a pilot for librarians to demonstrate data-based collection consortial DDA project, a discussion surrounding the development decisions or evaluate current holdings to gaps in standardized approaches to e-book collection 5 Applying Quantitative Methods to E-book Collections Melissa J. Goertzen analysis and general training opportunities spoke to data collected over the course of the study serves as a many of the challenges that I encounter on a regular benchmark for the future evaluation of e-book hold- basis. As Fountain said: ings at CUL. One of the successes of the study was the devel- I can only speak for myself, but I don’t think that my experience is uncommon: I was not trained to pur- opment of a cost-benefit methodology that has since chase books after examining various sets of met- been implemented at CUL. It is primarily used to rics. I bought books in anticipation