DOCSLIB.ORG

Región Autónoma Del Atlántico Norte, Estudio De Caso, Puerto Cabezas

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Región Autónoma Del Atlántico Norte, Estudio De Caso, Puerto Cabezas Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte, estudio de caso, Puerto Cabezas ESTE ESTUDIO FUE REALIZADO POR CRUZ ROJA NICARAGÜENSE CON EL APOYO TÉCNICO Y FINANCIERO DE CRUZ ROJA HOLANDESA Y EL FINANCIAMIENTO DE LA UNIÓN EUROPEA, como parte del proyecto “Reducción de la vulnerabilidad de las comunidades ante los efectos relacionados con el cambio climático en la zona norte de Nicaragua. ONG/PVD/2007/133-717 “ Impacto del Cambio Climático en la Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte, RAAN, . estudio de caso, Puerto Cabezas” Este estudio fue realizado por Cruz Roja Nicaragüense con el apoyo técnico y financiero de Cruz Roja Holandesa y el financiamiento de la Unión Europea, como parte del proyecto “Reducción de la vulnerabilidad de las comunidades ante los efectos relacionados con el cambio climático en la zona norte de Nicaragua. ONG/PVD/2007/133-717 Autores: Dr. Arq. José Antonio Milán Pérez MS.c Arlen Martínez Ortiz El presente documento ha sido elaborado con fondos de la Unión Europea. El contenido del mismo es responsabilidad exclusiva de los y las autores/as y en ningún momento representa el punto de vista de la Unión Europea. Managua, Octubre del 2010 INDICE Presentación ....................................................................................................................................................... 7 Resumen Ejecutivo ....................................................................................................................................................... 9 Capítulo 1 I.1. Introducción ....................................................................................................................................................15 I.2. Cambio Climático y gases efecto invernadero: Emisión y fijación ...............................................16 I.3. Variabilidad Climática ...................................................................................................................................19 I.4. Riesgo, Amenaza y Vulnerabilidad ...........................................................................................................20 I.5. Mitigación y Adaptación .............................................................................................................................22 I.6. Factores que influyen en la adaptación ................................................................................................23 I.7. Capital cultural de la población de la Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte (RAAN) y el cambio Climático. ...................................................................................................................................25 I.8. Elementos para la construcción de una estrategia para enfrentar el cambio climático en la Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte (RAAN) de Nicaragua. ..........................................26 I.9. Resumen .....................................................................................................................................................29 Capítulo 2 II.1. Características biofísicas de la RAAN ......................................................................................................31 II.1.1. Clima ....................................................................................................................................................31 II.1.2. Suelos ...................................................................................................................................................35 II.1.3. Hidrografía .........................................................................................................................................36 II.2. Características socioeconómicas de la RAAN ......................................................................................37 II.2.1. Población ............................................................................................................................................37 II.2.2. Organización territorial .................................................................................................................39 II.2.3. Población, ingresos y gastos ........................................................................................................39 II.2.4. Pobreza ..............................................................................................................................................40 II.2.5. Nutrición .............................................................................................................................................40 II.2.6. Salud ....................................................................................................................................................41 II.2.7. Educación ...........................................................................................................................................42 “ Impacto del Cambio Climático en la Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte, RAAN, estudio de caso, Puerto Cabezas”. 3 II.3. Actores y sectores claves .............................................................................................................................43 Capítulo 4 II.3.1. Zona Marino Costera ......................................................................................................................44 IV.1. Características generales del municipio puerto cabezas ................................................................91 II.3.2. Zona de las Sabanas de Pinos .....................................................................................................45 IV.1.1. Actividad económica en el municipio .................................................................................... 93. II.3.3. Zona de Bosque Tropical Húmedo ............................................................................................46 IV.2. Construcción de una línea base de vulnerabilidad en el municipio. ...........................................94 II.3.4. Zona Minera ......................................................................................................................................47 IV.2.1. Factores de vulnerabilidad del municipio puerto cabezas ..............................................95 II.3.5. Zona Agropecuaria .........................................................................................................................47 IV.3. Potenciales medidas y proyectos para reducir la vulnerabilidad del municipio ante el cambio climático ...............................................................................................123 II.4. Construcción de una línea base de vulnerabilidad y riesgos .........................................................49 IV.4. Resumen ...................................................................................................................................................125 II.5. Escenarios pronosticados de cambio climático ..................................................................................52 Glosario de términos ...................................................................................................................................................127 II.5.1. Escenarios ...........................................................................................................................................52 Bibliografía ...................................................................................................................................................131 II.5.2. Pronósticos de cambio climático ...............................................................................................53 II.5.3. Pronósticos de cambio climático recientes para Nicaragua ............................................55 ANEXOS: II.5.4. Pronósticos de cambio climático ajustados para la RAAN según Informe Final de Consultoria Estudio de la Vulnerabilidad estudios recientes ...........................................................................................................................56 al Cambio Climático en Puerto Cabezas .................................................................................................................134 II.5.5. Otras amenazas climáticas para la RAAN ...............................................................................67 Matriz de aportes a las valoraciones de la vulnerabilidad por los actores ................................................137 II.6. Resumen .....................................................................................................................................................70 Matriz de valoraciones de la vulnerabilidad ..........................................................................................................140 Capítulo 3 III.1. Potenciales impactos del cambio climático en la RAAN ..................................................................73 III.1.1. Introducción ......................................................................................................................................73 III.1.2. Potenciales Impactos en los Recursos Hídricos ....................................................................73 III.1.3. Potenciales Impactos en la agricultura y la pesca ...............................................................74 III.1.4. Potenciales Impactos en los Recursos Naturales y la Biodiversidad .............................77 III.1.4.1. Impactos en las áreas protegidas ..............................................................................80 III.1.5.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • República De Nicaragua
    000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 670 680 690 700 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 Podriwas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 5 5 1 1 Biltignia y REPa ÚBLICA DE NICARAGUA ka Kukalaya c a o m MINISTERIOB DE TRANSPORTE E INFRAEASTRUCTURA Planta El Salto WW ii ww ii ll íí dd ee DIVISIÓN GENERAL DE PLANIFICACIÓN JJ ii nn oo tt ee gg aa Elefante Blanco is MAPA MUNICIPAL DE SIUNA P La Panama is P BONANZA RED VIAL INVENTARIADA POR TIPO DE SUPERFICIE Plan Grande ¤£414 Río Sucio y a BB oo nn aa nn zz aa c (Amaka) 0 o a 0 0 o 0 0 B in 0 0 W 0 5 5 5 5 1 Murcielago 1 Mukuswas Ojochal Minesota El Naranjal Lugar Tablazo Kalangsa Españolina a k a m A Los Placeres SS aa nn JJ oo ss éé El Cacao B o dd ee BB oo cc aa yy ca y y a c o B El Cocal Wihilwas 0 0 0 0 0 Bam 0 ba 0 n 0 a 4 Fruta de Pan 4 5 y 5 a 1 1 c Kalmata o B Lugar Kalmata San Pablo Lugar Betania y El Salto El Ojochal a c o B B o c a y B o R o s i t a c R o s i t a a U y li 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 El Dos 0 3 3 5 W Sipulwas San Antonio 5 B 1 a 1 o n de Banacruz c i a y Loma El Banasuna Divisadero Las Delicias El Consuelo Yakalwas Cerro Las Américas Ayapal La Florida Ayapal El Carao Turuwasitu ¤£277 Talavera Ulí Turuwas Abajo San Martin El Edén Los Blandones Pueblo Amado F.
    [Show full text]
  • REPÚBLICA DE NICARAGUA 1 Biltignia ¤£ U Kukalaya K Wakaban a Sahsa Sumubila El Naranjal Lugar Karabila L A
    000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 740 750 760 770 780 790 800 810 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 Lugar Paso W a s p á m Mina Columbus Cuarenta y Tres El Paraiso Wawabun UKALAYA awa Llano Krasa K La Piedra San Miguel W La Unión Tingni 0 487 0 0 Podriwas Mani Watla 0 0 ¤£ Empalme de 0 0 Grey Town La PAlmera 0 6 Sukat Pin 6 5 5 K 451 Santa Rosa 1 REPÚBLICA DE NICARAGUA 1 Biltignia ¤£ U Kukalaya K Wakaban A Sahsa Sumubila El Naranjal Lugar Karabila L A Y MINISTERIOP laDnta EEl Sa ltoTRANSPORTE E INFRAESTRUCTURA A Leimus Dakban Risco de Oro Yulu Dakban DIEVlefaIntSe BIlaÓncoN GENERAL DE PLANIFICACIÓN Lawa Place Î La Panama Risco de Oro Kukalaya Cerro Krau Krau BONANZA B o n a n z a MAPA MUNRíIo CSucIioPAPLlan GDrandEe PRINZAPOLKA ¤£423 Rio Kukalaya W a w 414 (Amaka) Las Breñas a s ¤£ i 0 0 0 0 0 P Santa Clara 0 0 REs D VIAL INVENTARIADA POR TIPO DE SUPERFICIE 0 i P loma La 5 5 5 Murcielago Esmeralda La Potranca (Rio Sukat Pin 5 1 Industria 1 Ojochal Mukuswas Minesota Susun Arriba Kuliwas 410 Maderera o El Naranjal ¤£ A Sirpi) Y Wasminona La Luna A Españolina L A Klingna El Doce Lugar La K Susun U Potranca K El Cacao Los Placeres ¤£397 Kuliwas P u e rr tt o Klingna Landing El Corozo Empalme de C a b e z a s Wasminona ROSITA Î Karata Wihilwas El Cocal Cerro Liwatakan 0 Muelle 0 0 Bambanita 0 0 0 O 0 Cañuela Comunal 0 k 4 Buena Vista o 4 n 5 Kalmata Rio Bambana w 5 1 a 1 s Fruta de Pan La Cuesta Bambana Lugar Kalmata San Pablo de Alen B am R o s ii tt a KUKA Lapan b L a A n Y Î Omizuwas a A El Salto Lugar Betania Muelle Comunal Sulivan Wasa King Wawa Bar Cerro Wingku Waspuk Pruka 0 Lugar Kawibila 0 0 0 0 Cerro Wistiting 0 0 El Dos 0 3 San Antonio 3 5 de Banacruz 5 1 Banacruz 1 K UK A L Rio Banacruz A UKALA Y K YA Las Delicias A Banasuna Cerro Las El Sombrero Américas Pauta Bran L a El Carao y La Florida a s i Talavera k B s a Ulí am F.
    [Show full text]
  • Nicaragua: Hurricanes Eta and Iota Nicaragua: Hurricanes Eta and Iota
    Emergency Plan of Action (EPoA) Nicaragua: Hurricanes Eta and Iota Nicaragua: Hurricanes Eta and Iota Emergency Appeal N° MDR43007 Glide N°: TC-2020-000218-NIC Date of issue: 22 December 2020 Emergency Appeal launch: Expected timeframe: 18 months 8 November 2020 Expected end date: 31 May 2022 IFRC Category allocated to the of the disaster or crisis: Orange IFRC funding requirements: 5,013,270 Swiss francs (CHF) National Society Response Plan funding requirements: 14,000,000 American dollars (USD) DREF allocated: 440,000 CHF Number of exposed people: Over 3 million Number of people to be This EPoA: 42,500 people (8,500 people assisted families) Total NS response: 60,000 people (12,000 families) Municipalities affected: 56 Regions targeted: Municipalities of Puerto Cabezas, Waspam, and Prinzapolka in the North Atlantic Region, and Jinotega, Rivas, Bluefields and Managua regions. Host National Societies presence: The Nicaraguan Red Cross has 1500 volunteers activated for the NS response in the whole country in addition to 500 staff in 32 branches, active particularly in Puerto Cabezas and Bonanza, in the Caribe Norte region. Red Cross Red Crescent Movement partners actively involved in the operation: International Federation of the Red Cross (IFRC), International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Spanish Red Cross (SRC) and Italian Red Cross (IRC) Other partner organizations actively involved in the operation: National System for the Prevention, Mitigation of, and Attention to Disasters (SINAPRED),Ministry of Health (MINSA), World Vision, Nestle, Walmart, Fideicomiso Juntos Vamos a Superarlo, American Nicaraguan Foundation (ANF), Walmart Foundation (Banco de Alimentos), World Food Program, Banpro, Aceitera de Nicaragua.
    [Show full text]
  • 6-Months Operation Update Central America: Hurricanes Eta & Iota
    6-months Operation Update Central America: Hurricanes Eta & Iota Glide N°: TC-2020-000218-NIC Emergency Appeal N° MDR43007 TC-2020-000220-HND TC-2020-000222-GTM Operation update N° 3 Period covered by this update: 8 November 2020 Date of issue: 22 June 2021 to 15 May 2021 Timeframe: 18 months Operation start date: 8 November 2020 End date: 31 May 2022 Funding requirement (CHF): CHF 20 million As of 31 May 2021, 71 per cent of the Appeal has been covered. The IFRC kindly encourages increased donor support for this Emergency Appeal to enable host National Societies to continue to provide DREF initially allocated: CHF 1 million support to the people affected by Hurricanes Eta and Iota, primarily in the process of recovering their livelihoods, which were almost entirely devastated. Click here for the donor response. Number of people to be assisted: 102,500 people (20,500 families) Red Cross Red Crescent Movement partners actively involved in the operation: American Red Cross, British Red Cross, French Red Cross, German Red Cross, Guatemalan Red Cross, Honduran Red Cross, Italian Red Cross, Nicaraguan Red Cross, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Norwegian Red Cross, Spanish Red Cross, Swiss Red Cross and Canadian Red Cross Society. Other partner organizations actively involved in the operation: Guatemala: National Disaster Reduction Coordination (CONRED); Honduras: National Risk Management System (SINAGER); Nicaragua: National System for Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Care (SINAPRED); Regional Group on Risks, Emergencies and Disasters for Latin America and the Caribbean (REDLAC), Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), United Nations System agencies and programmes and Humanitarian Country Team (HCT) member organizations.
    [Show full text]
  • 20210422 Onepager Resultados Nicaragua
    RESULTS FROM THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NICARAGUA PLAN OF ACTION Hurricanes Eta and Iota As of 5 INFORMApril 2021 RISK Implementation of the Plan of Action developed by United Nations agencies in coordination with the Government of Nicaragua through the National System for Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Response (SINAPRED). $50.9M REQUIRED FUNDING $23.3M 54.2% FUNDING RECEIVED FUNDING GAP FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS PER SECTOR 7.8% 9.6% 32.6% $50.9M 11.7% TOTAL FUNDING REQUIRED Karatá, Nicaragua 16.7% 21.4% Photo: WFP Nicaragua SECTORS WITH ONGOING ACTIVITIES IN DEPARTMENTS AND MUNICIPALITIES HONDURAS TOTAL FUNDS REQUIRED AND MOBILIZED BY SECTOR Affected Municipalities Funds required (US$) Funds received (US$) El Cua, Pantasma, San José Affected Municipalities de Bocay, San Rafael del Norte, Dipilto, Jalapa, Murra, Wiwilí de Jinotega Quilalí, Santa María, Affected Municipalities 2.4 M Wiwili de Nueva Segovia Bonanza, Mulukuku, Paiwas, Prinzapolka, Puerto Cabezas, JINOTEGA Rosita, Siuna, Waslala, Waspam Early Recovery 16.6 M NUEVA SEGOVIA NORTH CARIBBEAN COAST MADRIZ AUTONOMOUS REGION (RACCN) Caribbean Water, Sanitation 5.5 M 10.9 M Affected Municipalities Sea and Hygiene Totogalpa MATAGALPA SOUTH CARIBBEAN COAST AUTONOMOUS REGION Food Security 8.5 M 8.5 M (RACCS) Affected Municipalities Affected Municipalities Bluefields Health and 4.8 M La Dalia, Rancho Grande, Nutrition 6.0 M MANAGUA Pacific MASAYAWaslala Ocean 1.5 M GRANADA Protection 4.9 M RIVAS 0.6 M Affected Municipalities Tola Education 4.0 M COSTA RICA The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.
    [Show full text]
  • RAAN-MULUKUKU-MUNICIPAL.Pdf
    000 000 000 000 000 000 000 690 700 710 720 730 740 750 El Ocote 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Unión Labú 0 5 5 1 1 Las Torres REPÚBLICA DE NICARAGUA El Diamante Peñas Blancas San Carlos MINISTERIO DE TRANSPORTE E INFRAESTRUCTURA DIVISIÓN GENERAL DE PLANIFICACIÓN Rio Los Mangos Labu Pijibay MAPA MUNICIPAL DE MULUKUKÚ Rio Iyas El Bosque Arnoldo Quant RED VIAL INVENTARIADA POR TIPO DE SUPERFICIE Lomas Pankawas Puerto Viejo SS ii uu nn aa o Iyas s a y I Los Limones s La Esperanza Kuikuina Grande a y I Bocana La 0 0 0 0 0 La Dicha 0 0 Tomasa 0 9 9 4 4 1 1 La Pita Iy as WWaa ss ll aa ll aa La Florida Rio Iy a Kuikuinita s La Bodega Walwaska La Gloria A LK O P A El Naranjal Kuikuinita Z IN R P PR INZ AP OL KA 0 0 0 0 0 Corosito 0 0 0 8 8 4 Santa Rita 4 1 1 San Agustin Luku ¤£270 Corozo Centro La Envidia El Corozo 1 Dudu Hda. La Piedra La Gloria El Negro Santa Juana Bilampi Dipina Sarawas Paraska Los Baldes Fatima La Piedra Mayawas s a y I 0 0 0 0 0 La Florida 0 Platanillo I y 0 MM uu ll uu kk uu kk úú 0 a 7 7 s 4 4 1 1 La Esperanza Lisawe PP rr ii nn zz aa pp oo ll kk aa Cerro Verde El Consuelo Comarca de Lisawe La Ceiba Los Baldes La Gloria La Reina Bilwas El Refugio L is Bocana de a w e Kurrin San Antonio El Congo Baka Cano Sucio Bocana de I Haulover y a s 0 Komakolín Las Vegas 0 0 0 0 0 0 Los Platanos Cerro Solo Tablazo de 0 6 6 4 Waslala 4 1 Santa Rita Iyas 1 Dos Quebradas El Mondongo Molejones Vuelta El Torno Wilwas Bocana Isla Yaroki El Tuma (Mulukuku) Sabakitan a Mulukuku m u Loma Canta T Las Delicias 243 L £ i ¤ s Gallo Tuma a Isla Grande Comarca
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Autonomy of the Miskitu Women of the North Atlantic Autonomous Region, Nicaragua: Do Current Development Polices Apply to Matrifocal Societies?
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 4-2013 Economic Autonomy of the Miskitu Women of the North Atlantic Autonomous Region, Nicaragua: Do Current Development Polices Apply to Matrifocal Societies? Ariana M. Toth Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Gender and Sexuality Commons, Growth and Development Commons, Human Geography Commons, and the Latin American Studies Commons Recommended Citation Toth, Ariana M., "Economic Autonomy of the Miskitu Women of the North Atlantic Autonomous Region, Nicaragua: Do Current Development Polices Apply to Matrifocal Societies?" (2013). Master's Theses. 142. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/142 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ECONOMIC AUTONOMY OF THE MISKITU WOMEN OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC AUTONOMOUS REGION, NICARAGUA: DO CURRENT DEVELOPMENT POLICIES APPLY TO MATRIFOCAL SOCIETIES? by Ariana M. Toth A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of Geography Western Michigan University April 2013 Thesis Committee: Lucius F. Hallett IV, Ph.D., Chair Benjamin Ofori-Amoah, Ph.D. Laura Hobson-Herlihy, Ph.D. ECONOMIC AUTONOMY OF THE MISKITU WOMEN OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC AUTONOMOUS REGION, NICARAGUA: DO CURRENT DEVELOPMENT POLICIES APPLY TO MATRIFOCAL SOCIETIES? Ariana M. Toth, M.A. Western Michigan University, 2013 This thesis provides an ethnographic investigation into the economic autonomy of Miskitu women in the North Atlantic Autonomous Region of Nicaragua.
    [Show full text]
  • 20210408 Onepager Resultados Nicaragua
    RESULTADOS IMPLEMENTACIÓN DEL PLAN DE ACCIÓN NICARAGUA Huracanes Eta e Iota Al 5 de INFORMabril 2021 RISK Implementación del Plan de Acción que fue elaborado por las agencias de Naciones Unidas en el marco de coordinación acordado con el Gobierno de Nicaragua a través de SINAPRED. $50.9M FONDOS REQUERIDOS $23.3M 54.2% FONDOS MOVILIZADOS BRECHA FINANCIERA DISTRIBUCIÓN DE LAS NECESIDADES FINANCIERAS POR SECTOR 7.8% 9.6% 32.6% $50.9M 11.7% FONDOS TOTALES REQUERIDOS Karatá, Nicaragua 16.7% 21.4% Foto: WFP Nicaragua SECTORES IMPLEMENTANDO ACTIVIDADES EN DEPARTAMENTOS Y MUNICIPIOS HONDURAS FONDOS TOTALES REQUERIDOS Y MOVILIZADOS POR SECTOR Municipios Afectados Fondos requeridos (US$) Fondos movilizados (US$) El Cua, Pantasma, San José Municipios Afectados de Bocay, San Rafael del Norte, Dipilto, Jalapa, Murra, Wiwilí de Jinotega Quilalí, Santa María, Municipios Afectados 2.4 M Wiwili de Nueva Segovia Bonanza, Mulukuku, Paiwas, Prinzapolka, Puerto Cabezas, JINOTEGA Recuperación 16.6 M Rosita, Siuna, Waslala, Waspam temprana NUEVA SEGOVIA REGIÓN AUTÓNOMA DE LA MADRIZ COSTA CARIBE NORTE (RACCN) Mar Agua, saneamiento 5.5 M 10.9 M Municipio Afectado Caribe e higiene Totogalpa MATAGALPA Seguridad REGIÓN AUTÓNOMA DE LA alimentaria 8.5 M 8.5 M COSTA CARIBE SUR (RACCS) Municipio Afectado Municipios Afectados Bluefields 4.8 M La Dalia, Rancho Grande, Salud y nutrición 6.0 M MANAGUA Océano MASAYAWaslala Pacífico 1.5 M GRANADA Protección 4.9 M RIVAS 0.6 M Municipio Afectado Tola Educación 4.0 M COSTA RICA Los límites y nombres que se muestran y las designaciones utilizadas no implican el respaldo oficial o la aceptación por parte de las Naciones Unidas.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Drivers of Landscape and Dietary Change in an Agricultural Frontier Bosawas Biosphere Reserve, Siuna, Nicaragua
    5 Historical drivers of landscape and dietary change in an agricultural frontier Bosawas Biosphere Reserve, Siuna, Nicaragua Lisa Hansen, John Innes, Bronwen Powell, Janette Bulkan, Sarah Gergel and Ian Eddy Summary Deforestation in Central America’s rain forests is a growing problem that is typically attributed to the expansion of the agricultural frontier, yet little is known about the historical drivers of migration, settlement and forest loss. This chapter presents the results from a scoping study conducted in northeastern Nicaragua in the municipality of Siuna. Siuna has a rich history of colonization and nearly the entire municipality shares jurisdiction with the Bosawas Biosphere Reserve. The study landscape is also part of the Nicaragua-Honduras Sentinel Landscape, a multi-year collaborative research program site of the CGIAR Consortium. This chapter highlights the importance of resource extraction, natural disasters, policies and politics, economics, and the role of local and global conflicts and their aftermaths in influencing human migration and settlement patterns. We also discuss important conservation management and human rights issues related to the history of settlement within Siuna and the Reserve. 5.1 Introduction Deforestation is a growing problem worldwide, particularly in regions where population growth, human settlement and migration are increasing within protected area boundaries, and associated land uses, livelihood and food security needs result in the 140 • Agrarian change in tropical landscapes conversion of forest to farms. The conversion of forest to farming systems is regarded as the most common and widespread land-cover or land-use change and as such, agriculture is viewed as the greatest threat to forest conservation (Rudel et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Historia De Siuna, Nicaragua, (1905-2009)1
    Historia de Siuna, Nicaragua, 1 (1905-2009) Benjamín Jastrzembski2 Resumen n este artículo se presenta la versión narrativa de la historia de tres períodos del pueblo minero de ESiuna, empezando con el descubrimiento de oro a finales del siglo diecinueve, siguiendo con la época de las compañías norteamericanas que controlaban la mina (1905-1979), y ha concluido con la Revolución Sandinista, la guerra civil de los ochentas, y la postguerra. La historia se basa en la revisión de la literatura disponible, en la investigación de archivos y en las entrevistas a miembros de la comunidad, que se reali- zaron con un corte transversal de 2008 - 2009. La investigación concluye que, a pesar de su aislamiento, Siuna, debido a su oro, ha jugado un papel importante, y tal vez no bien reconocido, en la historia de Nicaragua. Palabras clave: oro, minería, Costa Caribe; Triángulo Minero; La Luz y Los Angeles Mining Company. Summary This article presents the narrative version of the history of three periods of the mining town of Siuna, beginning with the discovery of gold at the end of the nineteenth century, following with the era of the North American companies that controlled the mine (1905-1979), and it concluded with the Sandinista Revolution, the civil war of the eighties, and the postwar period. The story is based on the revision of literature, archival research and interviews with community members, which was conducted with a cross-section study from 2008-2009. The research concludes that despite its isolation, Siuna, due to its gold, has played an important role in Nicaragua’s history, although it is not well recognized.
    [Show full text]
  • Central America Hurricanes Eta and Iota
    Central America Hurricanes Eta and Iota Humanitarian Situation Report No. 3 ©UNICEF/2020/Nicaragua/Ruiz Sotomayor Reporting Period: 11 - 20 November 2020 - Highlights Situation in Numbers • Two weeks after Hurricane Eta struck Central America, authorities continue assessing the damages and gathering information on the affected 4.6 million communities. Over 4.6 people have been affected by Eta in Belize, Costa People affected by Eta Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama, among them approximately 1.8 million children. 1.8 million • Only a few days away after Eta struck the region, Hurricane Iota appeared Children affected by Eta as a catastrophic category 5 hurricane on 16 November, with a similar path to Hurricane Eta. 3.4 million • Iota has affected not only many of the communities already impacted by Eta, People in need (due to Eta) but many additional ones. According to initial reports, more than 38 people 1.3 million have died during floods and landslides caused by Iota, and nearly half million people – including 189,000 children - have been affected by this latest storm, Children in need (due to Eta) only in Guatemala and Honduras. • Based on estimations by UNICEF and other partners, among those affected 646,943 by Eta, at least 3.4 million people need urgent assistance, including 1.3 People to be reached* million children, in the most affected communities in Belize, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua. From this total, UNICEF plans to reach over 327,605 646,000 people, including 327,000 children. These targets are expected to Children to be reached* increase taking into account Iota’s impact.
    [Show full text]
  • Situation Report # 2 HURRICANE FELIX Nicaragua, 07 September 2007
    Situation report # 2 HURRICANE FELIX Nicaragua, 07 September 2007 A. Description of the adverse event: Hurricane Felix (Category 5) impacted the area of Sandy Bay, in the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua at 04:45 AM on Tuesday, 4 September. The areas affected by the phenomenon are located in the North Atlantic Autonomous Region (RAAN), mainly in the costal communities to the south and north of the city of Bilwi (Municipalities of Puerto Cabezas and Prinzapolka), the communities of Río Coco (Municipality of Waspam), of the mining triangle (Municipalities of Siuna, Bonanza and Rosita). Within 24 hours of making landfall, Hurricane Felix degraded into a Tropical Storm and then into a Tropical Depression. It produced heavy rains and floods in the territories aforementioned and also affected the departments of Jinotega and Nueva Segovia. B. Impact of the adverse event: 1. Environmental: In the process of evaluation by the national authorities. 2. Goods and services (Source CODE Civil Defense 09/06/2007): A total of 8,648 dwellings have been affected in the municipalities of the RAAN, Jinotega and Nueva Segovia, of which 7,995 were totally destroyed. Communication by land with the RAAN has still not been reestablished. Nineteen health units in Bilwi have been damaged severely. 3. To people (Source CODE Civil Defense 09/06/2007): Through a preliminary evaluation carried out by SINAPRED, an estimated population of 37,448 has been affected in the RAAN, Jinotega, and Nueva Segovia. This is a preliminary estimate; large rural areas have not been evaluated. According to community sources (not confirmed by SINAPRED) and in response to the search activities carried out by the army, the number of deaths could increase considerably during the next days (a stock of 450 mortuary bags have been delivered by PAHO to the Ministry of Health).
    [Show full text]