DOCSLIB.ORG

Plant-Water Relations of the Mangrove Species Rhizophora Stylosa: a Unique Story

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Plant-Water Relations of the Mangrove Species Rhizophora Stylosa: a Unique Story Faculteit Bio-ingenieurswetenschappen Academiejaar 2012 – 2013 Plant-water relations of the mangrove species Rhizophora stylosa: a unique story Michiel Hubeau Promotor: Prof. dr. ir. Kathy Steppe Tutor: dr. ir. Maurits Vandegehuchte Masterproef voorgedragen tot het behalen van de graad van Master in de bio-ingenieurswetenschappen: milieutechnologie Faculteit Bio-ingenieurswetenschappen Academiejaar 2012 – 2013 Plant-water relations of the mangrove species Rhizophora stylosa: a unique story Michiel Hubeau Promotor: Prof. dr. ir. Kathy Steppe Tutor: dr. ir. Maurits Vandegehuchte Masterproef voorgedragen tot het behalen van de graad van Master in de bio-ingenieurswetenschappen: milieutechnologie The author and the promoter give the permission to use this thesis for consultation and to copy parts of it for personal use. Every other use is subject to the copyright laws, more specifically the source must be extensively specified when using results from this thesis. De auteur en de promotor geven de toelating dit afstudeerwerk voor consultatie beschikbaar te stellen en delen ervan te kopiëren voor persoonlijk gebruik. Elk ander gebruik valt onder de beperkingen van het auteursrecht, in het bijzonder met betrekking tot de verplichting uitdrukkelijk de bron te vermelden bij het aanhalen van resultaten uit dit afstudeerwerk. The promoter The author Prof. dr. ir. Kathy Steppe Michiel Hubeau Gent, juni 2013 Acknowledgements Vooraf zou ik graag de mensen bedanken die er mee voor hebben gezorgd dat ik deze thesis kon schrijven. Allereerst wil ik mijn promotor, Prof. dr. ir. Kathy Steppe, bedanken. Voor ik aan mijn masterjaren begon, had ik nooit gedacht dat mijn thesis een ecofysiologisch onderwerp zou hebben. Het was namelijk vooral tijdens de lessen ecologie van Prof. Steppe dat mijn interesse voor dit vakgebied werd aangewakkerd. Het onuitputtelijke enthousiasme tijdens deze lessen en de gesprekken omtrent mijn thesiskeuze overtuigden me snel dat ik met veel plezier een jaar aan deze thesis wilde werken. Het onderwerp heeft me gedurende de hele totstandkoming geboeid. De unieke plek waar het veldonderzoek doorging, de Australische mangroves, was echt spectaculair en ook het uitdagende en vernieuwende karakter van het onderwerp is me blijven fascineren tijdens de uitwerking van deze thesis. Tijdens ons verblijf in Australië heb ik met groeiend respect kennis gemaakt met de werkijver van Maurits, onze tutor. Wanneer Mieke, Niels, Stefanie en ikzelf uitgeput uit de mangroves terugkwamen en even neer ploften in de zetel, was Maurits al lang terug in het labo om te sleutelen aan zijn sensoren of om andere problemen op te lossen. Op die manier zette hij ook ons aan om meer te doen dan wat we zelf mogelijk achtten. Als er zich ergens een probleem voordeed, dan had Maurits een oplossing. Meermaals betekende dat met zwaar materiaal op stap gaan en zo werd ons karakter nog wat aangesterkt. Maar we zijn er telkens wel in geslaagd om wat op voorhand misschien een onmogelijk idee leek toch tot een goed einde te brengen. Al die keren dat we als echte "onderzoekertjes" met allerlei (zware) "koffertjes" door de rivier de mangroves introkken, of een zware vibracore het strand over trokken zullen zeker nog zeer lang een mooie herinnering blijven. Hierbij hoort natuurlijk ook het aangename gezelschap van mijn medestudenten Mieke, Niels en Stefanie. Ook tijdens de verwerking in België kon ik altijd terecht bij Maurits en mijn dank nogmaals voor de snelle antwoorden en het uiterst nuttige naleeswerk. In Australia, we could always rely on a lot of people who were ready to help us. Adrien, Matt, Nina, Masha and the very kind and helpful personnel of Moreton Bay Research Station (MBRS). I really had an amazing time in Australia thanks to the hospitality of the Australians and thanks to the people of the MBRS we could feel like home on the island and it was amazing how helpful they were. The people from the University of Queensland (UQ) made the experiment possible: the supporting research groups made it possible to equip the trees with many sensors. Much of the resources we needed were at our disposal: our gratitude goes to Professor David Lockington. Adrien was of great help during the experiment and I enjoyed all the talks about science and other subjects. It was really a pity he was struck by disease during the experiment. I want to express a lot of gratitude to Matt. He was the perfect guide and showed us so many beautiful places in Moreton Bay. The research we did with him was hard work, but his appreciation made us do it with a lot of fun. Dragging the heavy vibracore, running in the deep sand with many kilograms of soil samples and struggling with the boat to make sure we could return to the station were the perfect workout. I am grateful he gave us the opportunity to see so much of the Australian nature and sea wildlife, like the fantastic day when we were so close to the wonderful whales and that we saw huge turtles and dolphins. And thanks for the lovely kangaroo burgers you prepared on the barbeque. In short, I really enjoyed the country, the people, the nature and the work. i Tot slot wil ik heel graag mijn vrienden en familie bedanken. Zij stonden tijdens het uitwerken, analyseren en schrijven toch het dichtst bij mij en moesten ermee kunnen omgaan wanneer ik weer even een kleine paniekaanval kreeg over hoeveel er nog te doen was. Mijn kotgenoten dank ik om zo geduldig naar mijn ongetwijfeld zeer verwarrende ideeën te luisteren. Mijn klasgenoten en vrienden van de universiteit, die in het zelfde schuitje zaten, waren zeer aangenaam gezelschap om waar nodig het hart eens te luchten over het vele werk dat in een thesis kruipt of om gewoon eens stoom af te blazen. Ook de ontspanning in de scouts en tijdens het sporten met vrienden van het thuisfront deden goed om voor afwisseling te zorgen na het werken achter de computer. Uiteraard is ook mijn gezin belangrijk geweest tijdens dit jaar en stonden ze paraat met raad en daad. Bedankt aan mijn ouders die me in elke stap naar het laatste jaar bio-ingenieur ongelooflijk gesteund hebben. Marianne, mijn zus, bedank ik enorm hard voor het intensief nalezen van de thesis. Ik heb veel bijgeleerd uit de opmerkingen en alle voortreffelijke tips over het wetenschappelijk Engels. Als laatste wil ik mijn vriendin, Janne, bedanken, om mij een heel jaar bij te staan en steeds opnieuw te motiveren als dat nodig was, voor alle aanmoedigingen en om het mij te vergeven telkens ik weer een lange avond aan mijn thesis moest werken. Ik dank iedereen voor het lezen van mijn thesis en hopelijk fascineren de mangroves jullie ook. ii Table of contents Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................. i List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ v List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................ vi Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................................... vii Summary ................................................................................................................................................. ix Samenvatting ........................................................................................................................................... xi Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 1 General introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 Justification.......................................................................................................................................... 1 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Chapter 1: Literature review ................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Water in trees: a complex story .................................................................................................... 3 1.1.1 The function of water in trees ................................................................................................ 3 1.1.2 The Höfler diagram and water potential ................................................................................ 3 1.1.3 Water movement in trees ...................................................................................................... 6 1.1.4 Stomatal control on water loss from transpiration ................................................................ 7 1.1.5 The numbers tell the tale ....................................................................................................... 8 1.2 Stem growth patterns ................................................................................................................... 8 1.2.1 Diurnal growth patterns ......................................................................................................... 8 1.2.2 Sap flow and its influence on water depletion and replenishment ..................................... 10 1.2.3 Microclimatic factors are the main
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Comparative Anatomy of Intervessel Pits in Two Mangrove Species Growing Along a Natural Salinity Gradient in Gazi Bay, Kenya
    Annals of Botany 100: 271–281, 2007 doi:10.1093/aob/mcm103, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org Comparative Anatomy of Intervessel Pits in Two Mangrove Species Growing Along a Natural Salinity Gradient in Gazi Bay, Kenya NELE SCHMITZ1,2,*, STEVEN JANSEN3 , ANOUK VERHEYDEN2,4, JAMES GITUNDU KAIRO5 , HANS BEECKMAN2 and NICO KOEDAM1 1Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratory for General Botany and Nature Management (APNA), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium, 2Royal Museum for Central Africa (RMCA), Laboratory for Wood Biology and Wood Collection, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium, 3Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK, 4SUNY Orange County Community College, Department of Biology, 115 South Street, Middletown, NY 10940, USA and 5Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI), PO Box 81651, Mombasa, Kenya Received: 6 February 2007 Returned for revision: 5 March 2007 Accepted: 4 April 2007 Published electronically: 11 June 2007 † Background and Aims According to the air-seeding hypothesis, embolism vulnerability in xylem elements is Downloaded from linked directly to bordered pit structure and functioning. To elucidate the adaptive potential of intervessel pits towards fluctuating environmental conditions, two mangrove species with a distinct ecological distribution growing along a natural salinity gradient were investigated. † Methods Scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations were conducted to obtain qualitative and quantitative characteristics of alternate intervessel pits in A. marina and scalariform intervessel pits in Rhizophora mucronata. Wood samples from three to six trees were collected at seven and five sites for http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/ A. marina and R. mucronata, respectively, with considerable differences between sites in soil water salinity.
    [Show full text]
  • Mangrove Plants (Tropical Topics)
    Tropical Topics A n i n t e r p r e t i v e n e w s l e t t e r f o r t h e t o u r i s m i n d u s t r y Mangroves I - the plants No. 19 April 1994 Mangroves - coping with salt Notes from the Mangroves are plants which live between the sea and the land. A mangrove is not a species, but rather the name given to a community of unrelated plants living in Editor areas which are inundated by tides. Thus a mangrove may be a tree but (like a Many people don’t like mangroves, ‘rainforest plant’) may also be a shrub, palm, fern, climber, grass or epiphyte - regarding them as muddy, mosquito- all of them sharing the ability to live in salt water. and crocodile-infested swamps. Their removal is seen as a sign of progress. Do mangroves need salt? It seems that The first line of defence, for many So what is the point of preserving the answer is no. Some species have mangroves, is to stop much of the salt them? For a start, it has been estimated been kept in pots where they have from entering at all by filtering it out at that up to 75 percent of fish caught grown happily and flowered regularly root level. Some species can exclude commercially either spend some time in when given only fresh water. more than 90 percent of salt in sea the mangroves or are dependent on However, experiments have also water.
    [Show full text]
  • Running Head 'Biology of Mangroves'
    BIOLOGY OF MANGROVES AND MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS 1 Biology of Mangroves and Mangrove Ecosystems ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY VOL 40: 81-251 (2001) K. Kathiresan1 and B.L. Bingham2 1Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608 502, India 2Huxley College of Environmental Studies, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA e-mail [email protected] (correponding author) 1. Introduction.............................................................................................. 4 1.1. Preface........................................................................................ 4 1.2. Definition ................................................................................... 5 1.3. Global distribution ..................................................................... 5 2. History and Evolution ............................................................................. 10 2.1. Historical background ................................................................ 10 2.2. Evolution.................................................................................... 11 3. Biology of mangroves 3.1. Taxonomy and genetics.............................................................. 12 3.2. Anatomy..................................................................................... 15 3.3. Physiology ................................................................................. 18 3.4. Biochemistry ............................................................................. 20 3.5. Pollination
    [Show full text]
  • Philippines Are Small and Generally
    NOTES ON PHILIPPINE MANGROVE SPECIES 169 XII. Notes on Philippinemangrove species G. Langenberger Institute of Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (e-mail: [email protected]) Summary Although the mangroves or mangals of the Island of Leyte in the Philippines are small and generally seriously damaged they are still good for botanical surprises. This contri- bution provides observations made during an inventory in 1996. Three species of Avi- cennia (A. alba Blume, A. marina (Forssk.) Vierh., and A. rumphiana Hallier f.), three species plus one hybrid ofRhizophora (Rh. apiculata Blume, Rh. mucronata Lam., Rh. Rh. lamarckii stylosa Griff., and x Montr.), and three species ofSonneratia (S. albaSm., S. caseolaris (L.) Engl., and S. cf. ovata) were observed. Specimens with intermediate features suggest that there may be also hybrids between Rh. apiculata and Rh. mucronata as well as between Sonneratia spp. Additional observations are made on Bruguiera, Ceriops and Xylocarpus spp. There about the is also are numerous publications mangroves or mangals, as ecosystem called, including the Philippines [e.g. Anonymous, 1987; Calumpong & Menez, 1997]. Since mangals are species-poor compared to other forest formations in the tropics inven- tories mostly present a restricted and similar set of species and identificationof the com- ponents does not seem to be a problem. Nevertheless, during a mangrove inventory of the Island of Leyte in May-June 1996 several observations could be made which are remarkable. The inventory team used boats to explore the coastline of Leyte from Hinundayan on the south-east coast to Sogod Bay in the south, following the west coast to the north up to Carigara Bay.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Systematic Study of Colleters and Stipules of Rhizophoraceae with Implications for Adaptation to Challenging Environments
    bs_bs_banner Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 172, 449–464. With 7 figures Comparative systematic study of colleters and stipules of Rhizophoraceae with implications for adaptation to challenging environments CHIOU-RONG SHEUE1*, PETER CHESSON1,2, YING-JU CHEN1, SZU-YANG WU1, YEH-HUA WU1, JEAN W. H. YONG3, TE-YU GUU1, CHUNG-LU LIM4, RAZAFIHARIMINA MARIE AGNÈS RANDRIANASOLO5, MIALY HARINDRA RAZANAJATOVO5,6 and YUEN-PO YANG7 1Department of Life Sciences & Research Center for Global Change Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan 2Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, AZ, USA 3Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 138682, Singapore 4Forest Biodiversity Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 5Department of Biology and Ecology, Antananarivo University, Antananarivo, 101, Madagascar 6Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany 7Department of Bioresources, Dayeh University, 168 University Rd., Dacun, Changhua 515, Taiwan Received 29 October 2012; revised 16 December 2012; accepted for publication 7 April 2013 Colleters are multicellular secretory structures found on various organs in flowering plants. Colleters on the adaxial sides of stipules have been hypothesized to play a role in protecting the developing shoot. Rhizophoraceae is a stipulate family with a broad distribution from mangrove to montane environments, which makes the family well suited for the examination of this hypothesis, but the colleters of Rhizophoraceae are not well known. We compared species from all three tribes of Rhizophoraceae, including five inland genera and all four mangrove genera. In all species, several to hundreds of colleters, sessile or stalked, arranged in rows aggregated in genus-specific shapes, are found at the adaxial bases of open and closed stipules.
    [Show full text]
  • A Model of Seasonal Foliage Dynamics of the Subtropical Mangrove Species Rhizophora Stylosa Griff
    Sharma et al. Forest Ecosystems 2014, 1:15 http://www.forestecosyst.com/content/1/1/15 RESEARCH Open Access A model of seasonal foliage dynamics of the subtropical mangrove species Rhizophora stylosa Griff. growing at the northern limit of its distribution Sahadev Sharma1,2*, A T M Rafiqul Hoque1,2,3, Kangkuso Analuddin4 and Akio Hagihara5 Abstract Background: Progress of forest production in response to the environment requires a quantitative understanding of leaf area development. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the dynamics of seasonal crown foliage in order to understand the productivity of mangroves, which play an important role in the subtropical and tropical coastlines of the world. Method: Crown foliage dynamics of the mangrove Rhizophora stylosa were studies to reveal patterns of leaf recruitment, survival and seasonal leaf area growth. Results: Flushing of leaves occurred throughout the year, but both flushing and leaf area growth pattern of leaves varied with season. Maximum flushing occurred in summer, but leaf areas did not differ significantly with season. The half-expansion period is longer, and the intrinsic rate of increase was lower in winter. Summer flushed leaves grew faster at their initial stage and reached their maximum area over a shorter period of time. The difference in temperature and air vapor pressure deficit (VPD) between summer and winter contributed to the present dynamics of foliage patterns. The mean leaf longevity was estimated to be 13.1 month. The crown foliage area was almost stable throughout the year. Conclusions: Homeostatic control of the crown foliage area may be accompanied by the existence of ecophysiological mechanisms in R.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomical Variability of the Trunk Wood and Root Tissues of Rhizophora Racemosa (G
    Available online at http://www.ifgdg.org Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 10(6): 2526-2538, December 2016 ISSN 1997-342X (Online), ISSN 1991-8631 (Print) Original Paper http://ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs http://indexmedicus.afro.who.int Anatomical variability of the trunk wood and root tissues of Rhizophora racemosa (G. Mey) and Avicennia nitida (Jacq.) and bio-accumulation of heavy metals in mangrove trees Rodrigue SAFOU-TCHIAMA1,2,*, Saint Bickolard MABICKA IWANGOU1, Patrice SOULOUNGANGA3, Samuel IKOGOU1, Nelson KALENDI MATHE1,4 and Colette NDOUTOUME 1 1 Laboratoire de Recherche et de Valorisation du Matériau Bois (LaReVa Bois). Bât du Master Recherche en Sciences du Bois. Ecole Nationale des Eaux et Forêts. BP. 3950, Libreville, Gabon. 2 Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et de Synthèses Organométalliques. Unité de Recherche en Chimie (URChi). Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku. BP. 941, Franceville, Gabon. 3 Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire des Sciences. Ecole Normale Supérieure. BP 17009, Libreville, Gabon. 4 Laboratoire de Foresterie. Département de Gestion des Ressources Naturelles. Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques de l’Université Catholique du Graben. B.P 29 Butembo, Nord-Kivu, République Démocratique du Congo. * Corresponding author; E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.:+241-02-45-77-65/+241-04-77-78-07. ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the anatomical structure of the trunk wood and the roots of A. nitida and R. racemosa, two mangrove trees from Gabon. The anatomical differences between the trunks and the roots were used to understand their bio-remediating differences through heavy metals. It was found that the roots of A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Woody Planet: from Past Triumph to Manmade Decline
    plants Review The Woody Planet: From Past Triumph to Manmade Decline Laurence Fazan 1, Yi-Gang Song 2,3 and Gregor Kozlowski 1,3,4,* 1 Department of Biology and Botanical Garden, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; [email protected] 2 Eastern China Conservation Center for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Chenhua Road No.3888, Songjiang, Shanghai 201602, China; [email protected] 3 Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chenhua Road No.3888, Songjiang, Shanghai 201602, China 4 Natural History Museum Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 6, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +41-26-300-88-42 Received: 6 November 2020; Accepted: 16 November 2020; Published: 17 November 2020 Abstract: Woodiness evolved in land plants approximately 400 Mya, and very soon after this evolutionary invention, enormous terrestrial surfaces on Earth were covered by dense and luxurious forests. Forests store close to 80% of the biosphere’s biomass, and more than 60% of the global biomass is made of wood (trunks, branches and roots). Among the total number of ca. 374,000 plant species worldwide, approximately 45% (138,500) are woody species—e.g., trees, shrubs or lianas. Furthermore, among all 453 described vascular plant families, 191 are entirely woody (42%). However, recent estimations demonstrate that the woody domination of our planet was even greater before the development of human civilization: 1.4 trillion trees, comprising more than 45% of forest biomass, and 35% of forest cover disappeared during the last few thousands of years of human dominance on our planet.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Diversity of Rhizophora in Tambelan Islands, Natuna Sea, Indonesia
    BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 13, Number 4, October 2012 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 172-177 Species diversity of Rhizophora in Tambelan Islands, Natuna Sea, Indonesia AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN1,♥, YAYA IHYA ULUMUDDIN2 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A 57 126 Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Tel./Fax. +62-271-663375, email: [email protected]. 2Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (PPO-LIPI), East Ancol, North Jakarta 14430, Indonesia. Manuscript received: 16 April 2012. Revision accepted: 17 October 2012. ABSTRACT Setyawan AD, Ulumuddin YI. 2012. Species diversity of Rhizophora in Tambelan Islands, Natuna Sea, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 13: 172- 177. Research on diversity and distribution of mangroves on the small remote islands are rarely performed than on the coastal area and estuaries. Tambelan Islands is a cluster of small islands isolated in the Natuna Sea, Indonesia. On the island there are four species of Rhizophora, namely R. apiculata, R. stylosa, R. mucronata, and hybrid species R. x lamarckii. Rhizophora stylosa and R. apiculata are the most common species found. R. mucronata only found in certain places (i.e. Durian River), R. x lamarckii rare, usually grows in stands that also covered by the two parental, R. stylosa and R. apiculata. All Rhizophora species were found to have thorn on the leaf tip, and spotted brown on the underneath leaf. R. apiculata has a petal without woolly feathers, inflorescence have short stalks and cork. R. stylosa and R. mucronata are sibling species, both of them have a long-stalks and dichotomy inflorescence, but the style of R.
    [Show full text]
  • Rhizophora-IWP ( Mangrove Family )
    April 2006 Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry ver. 2.1 www.traditionaltree.org Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, R. stylosa, R. × annamalai, R. × lamarckii (Indo–West Pacific stilt mangrove) Rhizophoraceae (mangrove family) mangle hembra (Guam: Chamorro); tebechel, bngaol, agpat, apgal (Palau); raway, roway, ravey (Yap Islands, FSM); chia, cia (Chuuk, FSM); aak, akelel, akapah (Pohnpei, FSM); kahrak, suhkasrik, sakasrik (Kosrae, FSM); petu rogha, ngochango- chara (Marovo, Solomon Islands); tiri tambua (Fiji); koriki (Daru and Kiwai, PNG); totoa (Motu, PNG); spotted leaved red mangrove (Western Australia); red mangrove, tall-stilted mangrove, prop root mangroves (Queensland) Norman C. Duke IN BRIEF Distribution Native to tropical and subtropi- cal coastal areas from the African east coast, throughout Asia to Australia and to most is- lands of the eastern Pacific Ocean. Closely al- lied with Atlantic–East Pacific red mangroves Duke C. N. photo: whose ranges naturally overlap only in a small number of southern Pacific islands. Size Can reach 30–40 m (100–130 ft) in height, although commonly reaches 5–8 m (16–26 ft). Habitat Inhabits the intertidal wetland zone, 0–6 m (0–20 ft) elevation between mean sea level and highest tides, with variable rainfall. Vegetation Mangrove communities. Soils Adapted to a wide range but thrives best in fine mud sediments of downstream river es- tuaries. Growth rate Grows <1 m/yr (3.3 ft/yr) in height. Main agroforestry uses Soil stabilization, coastal protection, wildlife/marine habitat for marine fauna. Main products Timber, fuelwood, charcoal, dyes, and traditional medicine. Yields In Malaysia, the 30-year rotation har- vested yield of green wood has been about 136– 299 mt/ha (61–133 t/ac).
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Chloroplast Genomes of 14 Mangroves: Phylogenetic and Comparative Genomic Analyses
    Hindawi BioMed Research International Volume 2020, Article ID 8731857, 13 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8731857 Research Article Complete Chloroplast Genomes of 14 Mangroves: Phylogenetic and Comparative Genomic Analyses Chengcheng Shi ,1,2 Kai Han,2 Liangwei Li,2 Inge Seim,3,4 Simon Ming-Yuen Lee,5 Xun Xu,2,6,7 Huanming Yang,1,6 Guangyi Fan ,2,5,6 and Xin Liu 2,6,7,8 1School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China 2BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China 3Integrative Biology Laboratory, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China 4Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia 5State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China 6BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China 7China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China 8State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China Correspondence should be addressed to Guangyi Fan; [email protected] and Xin Liu; [email protected] Received 11 December 2019; Revised 20 March 2020; Accepted 2 April 2020; Published 6 May 2020 Academic Editor: Matthew Wills Copyright © 2020 Chengcheng Shi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Mangroves are a group of plant species that occupy the coastal intertidal zone and are major components of this ecologically important ecosystem.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Analysis of the Pattern of Population Genetic Title Diversity in Three Indo-West Pacific Rhizophora Mangrove Species
    Comparative Analysis of the Pattern of Population Genetic Title Diversity in Three Indo-West Pacific Rhizophora Mangrove Species Author(s) YAN, Y; Duke, NC; Sun, M Citation Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016, v. 7, p. Article 1434 Issued Date 2016 URL http://hdl.handle.net/10722/235356 This Document is Protected by copyright and was first published by Frontiers. All rights reserved. It is reproduced with Rights permission.; This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 30 September 2016 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01434 Comparative Analysis of the Pattern of Population Genetic Diversity in Three Indo-West Pacific Rhizophora Mangrove Species Yu-Bin Yan 1, Norm C. Duke 2 and Mei Sun 1* 1 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, 2 The Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia Rhizophora species are the most widely distributed mangrove trees in the Indo-West Pacific (IWP) region. Comparative studies of these species with shared life history traits can help identify evolutionary factors that have played most important roles in determining genetic diversity within and between populations in ocean-current dispersed mangrove tree species. We sampled 935 individuals from 54 natural populations for genotyping with Edited by: 13 microsatellite markers to investigate the level of genetic variation, population structure, Renchao Zhou, Sun Yat-sen University, China and gene flow on a broad geographic scale in Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora Reviewed by: mucronata, and Rhizophora stylosa across the IWP region. In contrast to the pattern Peter J.
    [Show full text]