Ohio Terrorism Potential Male American Terrorists Case Studies Terror Recruit? Terrorists Definitions of Terrorism
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Americans Killing Americans: A Comparison of U.S. Male Citizens Charged with Acts Related to Terrorism Since 9/11. Terry Oroszi, MS, EdD Boonshoft School of Medicine, WSU Henry Jackson Foundation, WPAFB The Dayton Think Tank, Dayton, OH Plan of Action… Are You a Research on Ohio Terrorism Potential Male American Terrorists Case Studies Terror Recruit? Terrorists Definitions of Terrorism International Terrorism Domestic Terrorism Terrorism “use or threatened use of “violent acts that are “the intent to instill fear, and violence to intimidate a dangerous to human life the goals of the terrorists population or government and and violate federal or state are political, religious, or thereby effect political, laws” ideological” religious, or ideological change” Demographic patterns of enlisted terrorist recruits. Females Convicted with Acts Related to Terrorism Amera Akl, Angel Shannon, Kathy Aubsworth, Brandi Bowman, Joanne Chesimard, Shannon Conley, Kristi Goldstein, Carole Gordon, Sedina Hodzic, October Laris, Colleen LaRose, Tashfeen Malik, Nicole Mansfield, Proscovia Nzabanita, Diana Oughton, Jamie Ramirez, Nadia Rockwood, Shelly Shannon, Asia Siddiqui, Susan Stern, Lynne Stewart, Zeinab Taleb-Jedi, Noelle Velentzas, Jaelyn Young 1. If you are female please sit down. “Women are soft, gentle, and innocent” Sjoberg, L., & Gentry, C. E. (Eds.). (2011). Women, gender, and terrorism. University of Georgia Press. 2. If you are younger than 17, or older than 33 sit down. Oots, K. L. (1989). Organizational perspectives on the formation and disintegration of terrorist groups. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 12(3), 139-152. Hughbank, R. J., & Hughbank, D. L. (2008). The application of the social learning theory to domestic terrorist recruitment. SWATdigest. com. 3. Educated (increased chances with unemployment) Keep Standing Richardson, C. (2011). Relative deprivation theory in terrorism: A study of higher education and unemployment as predictors of terrorism. Politics Department, New York University. Russell, C. A., & Miller, B. H. (1977). Profile of a Terrorist. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 1(1), 17-34. 4. If you are married or have a g/f sit down. Winkates, J. (2006). Suicide terrorism: martyrdom for organizational objectives. Journal of Third World Studies, 23(1), 87. Pape, R. A. (2003). The strategic logic of suicide terrorism. American political science review, 97(03), 343-361. Osipov, V., & Ivakin, Y. (2009). Terrorists: Statistical Profile. In Information Fusion and Geographic Information Systems (pp. 241- 250). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 5. If you are raised by a mother or grandmother (no father figure) please continue to stand. Lombardi, M., Ragab, E., & Chin, V. (Eds.). (2014). Countering radicalisation and violent extremism among youth to prevent terrorism (Vol. 118). IOS Press. Gerstenfeld, P. B., & Grant, D. R. (2004). Crimes of hate: Selected readings. Sage. 6. If you come from a low income family sit down. Controversial demographic, several of the September 11 hijackers were on the European welfare system. Mitra, S. (2008). Poverty and terrorism. Economics of Peace and Security Journal, 3(2), 57-61. Han, C., Janmaat, J. G., Hoskins, B., & Green, A. (2012). Perceptions of inequalities: Implications for social cohesion. London: Centre for Learning and Life Chances in Knowledge Economies and Societies Burgoon, B. (2004). On welfare and terror social welfare policies and politicaleconomic roots of terrorism. Amsterdam School for Social Science 7. If you live in a country/location different from your place of origin keep standing. Choi, S. W. (2010). Fighting terrorism through the rule of law?. Journal of Conflict Resolution. Ginges, J. (1997). Deterring the terrorist: A psychological evaluation of different strategies for deterring terrorism. Terrorism and Political Violence,9(1), 170-185. 8. Lastly, are you isolated, angry or do you feel victimized? Ozeren, S., & Gunes, I. D. (2007). Introduction: Sociological and Psychological Aspects of Terrorism. NATO Security Through Science Series E Human and Societal Dynamics, 22, 1. Staub, E. (2007). Preventing violence and terrorism and promoting positive relations between Dutch and Muslim communities in Amsterdam. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 13(3), 333-360. Richards, J. (2007). Terrorism in Europe: The local aspects of a global threat. JihadMonitor. org. Mills, G., & Herbst, J. (2007). Africa, Terrorism and AFRICOM. The RUSI Journal, 152(2), 40-45. While not significant for the profile, they are qualities of interest: 1. U.S. Military Veteran 2. Mental instability 3. Religion 4. Politics 5. Anwar al-Awlaki What Can We Do? Fighting terrorism in our community, neighborhood, in our schools and our homes. Global Problems Poverty, Pollution, and World Peace Do you have colleagues, students, friends, or family members that would still be standing? If so what are things you can do to help them? 1. If you are not male, please sit down. 2. If you are younger than 17, or older than 33 please sit down. (Encourage them to join productive groups) 3. Are you Educated (increased chances with unemployment)? Keep standing. (Work on CV/Resume with them, help them find employment, offer encouragement) 4. If you are married or have a female partner sit down. (Be a good friend/mentor and do not be afraid to call address bad behavior) 4. Were raised by a mother or grandmother (no male father figure) keep standing. (Be that father or big brother figure) 6. If you come from a low income family sit down. (help find aid, scholarships, refer to #3) 7. If you live in a country/location different from your place of origin keep standing. (Talk to them about their country, norms, games…and tell them about yours) 8. Lastly, are you isolated, angry, or feel victimized? (Be a friend, mentor, suggest help) The Research… American male citizens charged and convicted of acts related to terrorism since 9/11. Important Demographics for the Study • The year the crime took place • Sentence length • Affiliation/Allegiance • Military experience • State (residence) • Mental health • Parent's home country • Awlaki Influence • Age at the time of crime • Married • Higher education • Children • Did they murder or injure others • Cell/partner/alone Important Demographics for the Study • The year the crime took place • Sentence length • Affiliation/Allegiance • Military experience • State (residence) • Mental health • Parent's home country • Awlaki Influence • Age at the time of crime • Married • Higher education • Children • Did they murder or injure others • Cell/partner/alone N=186 (Female American Terrorist mirror the patterns seen here) Timeline based on 186 male American citizens and the year they committed the crime. (Terry Oroszi, 2016) N=168 • Al-Qaeda (AQ) • Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS/ISIL) • Taliban (T) • Lashkar-e-Tayyiba (LT) • Al-Shabaab (AS) • Jabhat al-Nusra aka Nusra Front (AN) • White Supremacist/Right Wing/Anti Govt(WS/RW) • The Revolutionary People’s Group (RPG) • Al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) • The Sovereign Citizens Movement (SC) • Jam’iyyat Ul-Islam Is-Saheeh (JIS) • The Jewish Defense League (JDL) • Pakistan Taliban (PT) • The National Socialist Movement (NSM) • Hezballah (HEZ) Based on 168 male American citizens and their proclaimed allegiance. (Terry Oroszi, 2016) • Hamas N=172 (Female American Terrorist Parent’s Home Top Country: USA) Travel Ban: Iran Somalia Sudan Syria Libya Yemen Based on 172 male American citizens (24 Female) and their parent’s home country. (Terry Oroszi, 2016) N=188 (Female American Terrorist Parent’s Home Top 3 States: NY, MI, Co) Based on 188 male American citizens (24 Female) and their residences in the USA. (Terry Oroszi, 2016) N=183 (Female American Terrorist Typical Age= 28 years) Based on 183 male American citizens (24 Female) and their age at the time of the crime (Terry Oroszi, 2016) Allegiance & Age AGE AQ T AS ISIS LT Domestic Average 30 30 25 26 31 33 N=183 Median 27 25 26 23 27 32 Mode 26 31 21 20 27 20 Key: Al-Qaeda (AQ) Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS) Taliban (T) Lashkar-e-Tayyiba (LT) Al-Shabaab (AS) Domestic Based on 183 male American citizens and their age/affiliation (Terry Oroszi, 2016) N=129 Higher Education Based on 183 male American citizens and their education status (Terry Oroszi, 2016) Sentencing N=167 (Female American Terrorist Typical Sentence = 4 years) Based on 140 male American citizens (24 Female) and their prison sentences (Terry Oroszi, 2016) (10 Terrorists killed others, 2 injured others) Military VETERANS…Homeland experience Security Classifies (N=21) 11% Returning US Veterans as Potential Terrorist Threat “DHS is concerned that right-wing extremists will attempt to recruit and radicalize veterans in order to boost their violent capacities” Mental health (N=12) Only 6% of the American males convicted of acts related to terrorism were diagnosed with mental illness. Anwar al-Awlaki Influence (N=23) 12% of the American males convicted of acts related to terrorism were in possession of CDs, email correspondence, or were found with Awlaki YouTube videos in their internet history. Married (with children)(N=23) 16% of the American males convicted of acts related to terrorism were married, in spite of the majority being of “marrying” age. Six were divorced. (Female American Terrorist Married = 75%) Twenty-five had children. Ohio Terrorism N=16 Abdulkader, Munir Abdulkadir Aden, Abdifatah Akl, Hor I. Amawi, Mohammad Zaki Baxter, Brandon L. Cornell, Christopher El-Hindi, Marwan Othman Faris,