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A Theological Reading of the Gideon-Abimelech Narrative
YAHWEH vERsus BAALISM A THEOLOGICAL READING OF THE GIDEON-ABIMELECH NARRATIVE WOLFGANG BLUEDORN A thesis submitted to Cheltenham and Gloucester College of Higher Education in accordance with the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Arts & Humanities April 1999 ABSTRACT This study attemptsto describethe contribution of the Abimelech narrative for the theologyof Judges.It is claimedthat the Gideonnarrative and the Abimelechnarrative need to be viewed as one narrative that focuseson the demonstrationof YHWH'S superiority over Baalism, and that the deliverance from the Midianites in the Gideon narrative, Abimelech's kingship, and the theme of retribution in the Abimelech narrative serve as the tangible matter by which the abstracttheological theme becomesnarratable. The introduction to the Gideon narrative, which focuses on Israel's idolatry in a previously unparalleled way in Judges,anticipates a theological narrative to demonstrate that YHWH is god. YHwH's prophet defines the general theological background and theme for the narrative by accusing Israel of having abandonedYHwH despite his deeds in their history and having worshipped foreign gods instead. YHWH calls Gideon to demolish the idolatrous objects of Baalism in response, so that Baalism becomes an example of any idolatrous cult. Joash as the representativeof Baalism specifies the defined theme by proposing that whichever god demonstrateshis divine power shall be recognised as god. The following episodesof the battle against the Midianites contrast Gideon's inadequateresources with his selfish attempt to be honoured for the victory, assignthe victory to YHWH,who remains in control and who thus demonstrateshis divine power, and show that Baal is not presentin the narrative. -
The 12 Judges of Israel STUDIES Studying the History and Culture of the Time
PAGE 1 1 SAMUEL Get Wisdom BIBLE The 12 Judges of Israel STUDIES Studying the history and culture of the time Judge Description Reference 1. OTHNIEL (JUDAH) The nephew and son-in-law of Caleb, and son of Kenaz, Joshua 15:13-17 Son of Kenaz, a Gentile convert Gentile Kenizzite converts who joined the tribe of Judges 1:9-21; 3:1-11 of the Exodus generation and Judah. He became the first warrior-judge of Israel and 1 Chronicles 4:13 younger brother of Caleb. delivered Israel from the oppression of the Edomites. 2. EHUD (BENJAMIN) Ehud was a left-handed Benjaminite. He killed Eglon Judges 3:12-30 Son of Gera king of Moab and ended Moabite domination of Israel. 3. SHAMGAR Unlike the descriptions of other biblical judges, Judges 3:31; 5:6 (TRIBE UNKNOWN) the first reference to Shamgar has no introduction, His name is not Hebrew. conclusion, or reference to the length of reign. He is said, Son of Anath however, to have killed 600 Philistines with an oxgoad. A contemporary of the judge Deborah (Judges 5:6). 4. DEBORAH (EPHRAIM)† A prophet, counselor, warrior, and wife. The only Judges 4:1–5:31 Barak (Naphtali) female judge mentioned in the Bible, Deborah led a 1 Samuel 12:11 successful counterattack against the forces of Jabin Hebrews 11:32 king of Canaan and his military commander Sisera (also see Barak, Deborah’s military commander). 5. GIDEON (MANASSEH)† An angel appeared and told him to go out boldly and Judges 6:1–8:32 Son of Joash of Abiezer save his people. -
Frontline, Ph2-Wk6 Joshua & Judges 1
Frontline, Ph2-Wk6 Joshua & Judges www.thebibleproject.com 1 Frontline, Ph2-Wk6 Joshua & Judges I. Bible Project Videos www.southshorebible.org/frontline-phase-2 Read Scripture Series - Joshua Israel 2019 - Banks of the Jordan River II. Recommended Books and Commentaries 2 Frontline, Ph2-Wk6 Joshua & Judges 3 Frontline, Ph2-Wk6 Joshua & Judges III. Major themes of biblical theology in the book of Joshua: Joshua Joshua is a typological figure who is fulfilled in the person of Jesus Christ. Rahab represents all Gentiles who are grafted into the commonwealth of Gentile Passover Israel by grace through faith in the blood of our Passover Lamb. Crossing the Jordan Crossing the Jordan ought to be connected to crossing the Red Sea Land The Land is a typology of the new heavens and the new earth. The conquest of Canaan by Joshua is a typology of the conquest of the Conquest world by Jesus Christ upon His return. 4 Frontline, Ph2-Wk6 Joshua & Judges IV. Macro Structure of Joshua A. Conquering the Promised Land (1:1―12:24) A1. Succeeding Moses (1:1–18) A2. Crossing the Jordan (2:1―5:15) A3. Defeating Jericho and Ai (6:1―8:29) A4. Conquering the Land (8:30―12:24) B. Dividing the Promised Land (13:1―22:34) B1. Introduction to Tribal Inheritances (13:1–7) B2. Inheritances East of the Jordan (13:8–33) B3. Inheritances West of the Jordan (14:1―19:51) B4. Cities of Refuge (20:1–9) B5. Cities and Fields for Levi (21:1–45) B6. Transjordanian Tribes (22:1–34) C. -
The Meaning of the Minor Judges: Understanding the Bible’S Shortest Stories
JETS 61/2 (2018): 275–85 THE MEANING OF THE MINOR JUDGES: UNDERSTANDING THE BIBLE’S SHORTEST STORIES KENNETH C. WAY* Abstract: The notices about the so-called “minor judges” (Judg 3:31; 10:1–5; 12:8–15) are strategically arranged in the literary structure of the book of Judges. They are “minor” only in the sense that they are shorter than the other stories, but their selective thematic emphases (espe- cially on foreign deliverers, royal aspirations, outside marriages, “canaanization,” the number twelve, etc.) indicate that they are included with editorial purpose. The minor judges therefore have major importance for understanding the theological message of the book. Key words: book of Judges, canaanization, donkeys, foreigners, marriage with outsiders, minor judges, royal aspirations, seventy, twelve The book of Judges is a somewhat neglected book in Christian pulpits and Bible curricula today. If the stories of Judges are known or taught, usually only the so-called “major” judges attract interest while the remaining narratives (especially from chapters 1–2, 17–21) suffer from neglect. But the so-called “minor” judges are perhaps the most neglected parts of the book, no doubT because of their posi- tioning (beTween the major cycles), brevity, and Their presumed unimporTance which may derive from the unfortunate label “minor.” But iT is my contention that the three passages (3:31; 10:1–5; 12:8–15)1 de- scribing the minor judges conTribute a great deal to the theological meaning of the book of Judges because they reinforce the progressive patterns and themes of the whole book, provide thematic transitions beTween cycles, and bring The ToTal num- ber of leaders to twelve in order to indict all Israel. -
The Failure of the Family in Judges, Part 1: Jephthah
Liberty University DigitalCommons@Liberty University Faculty Publications and Presentations School of Religion 2005 The aiF lure of the Family in Judges, Part 1: Jephthah Michael J. Smith Liberty University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/sor_fac_pubs Recommended Citation Smith, Michael J., "The aiF lure of the Family in Judges, Part 1: Jephthah" (2005). Faculty Publications and Presentations. Paper 117. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/sor_fac_pubs/117 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Religion at DigitalCommons@Liberty University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Liberty University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BiBLiOTHECA SACRA 162 (July-September 2005): 279-98 THE FAILURE OF THE FAMILY IN JUDGES, PART 1: JEPHTHAH Michael J. Smith HILE "THE LITERATURE ON JUDGES IS VOLUMINOUS,"1 one theme scarcely touched on in studies on this book is the W role of the family. Women in Judges are often examined in relative isolation. These women need to be studied, however, not as stand-alone characters, but within the social context of their families. Also male characters in Judges should not be studied in isolation, but should be seen in the cultural setting as husbands, fathers, and leaders at various levels who are responsible to pre pare the way for the future of Israel in successive generations. A serious problem in Israel can be seen in the statement in Judges 2:10 that the generation after Joshua "did not know the LORD, nor yet the work which He had done for Israel." As a result of military compromises this new generation "played the harlot after other gods" (v. -
Handout 1: Judges Lesson 4
Handout 1: Judges Lesson 4 The narrative itself can be divided into three parts, each representing a stage in Abimelech’s career that begins after 40 years of peace and followed by Gideon’s death: 1. Abimelech becomes king after murdering his Israelite kinsmen (9:1-6) 2. Jotham’s fable (9:7-21) 3. Abimelech’s decline and fall (9:22-57) The four stages in the fall of Abimelech begin with God’s intervention in 9:23-24: 1. The first battle of Shechem (Judg 9:25-41) 2. The second battle of Shechem (Judg 9:42-45) 3. The battle at the Tower (Judg 9:46-49) 4. The battle of Thebez and Abimelech’s death (Judg 9:50-54) A good argument can be made from the text that Abimelech’s mother was a Canaanite slave: 1. Abimelech went to his uncles in Shechem and reminded them of their blood tie by using the language of covenant kinship: “I am your own flesh and bone” (9:2b). They took his case to the leaders of Shechem by arguing “He is our brother/kinsman” (9:3b). If the men of Shechem were Ephraimites they would also consider Gideon’s sons and grandsons kinsmen since they were from the tribe of Manasseh and also descendants of Joseph. 2. The rulers of Shechem are described in verses 2, 3 and 6 as the baals (baalim meaning “lords”) and not the Hebrew word for town rulers which is “elder” (in Hebrew zaqen). 3. The Shechemites preferred to have a half-Shechemite kinsman rule over them rather than Israelites (Judg 9:1-3). -
316 Chronology: Timeline of Biblical World History Biblestudying.Net
Chronology 316: Timeline of Biblical World History biblestudying.net Brian K. McPherson and Scott McPherson Copyright 2012 Period Two: From the Birth of Isaac to the Exodus In this section of our study we will present the scriptural data that is relevant to calculating the amount of time from the birth of Isaac to the Israelite Exodus from Egypt. Although it is necessary to do some cross-referencing and comparison of scriptural texts, our discussion of this time period will be simpler than our examination of factors related to the prior period. We will start with Genesis 15:13-16. In Genesis 15:13-16, God tells Abraham that his descendents will be servants in a land that is not their own (Egypt) for 400 years and that they will come out in the fourth generation. Genesis 15:13 And he said unto Abram, Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs, and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years; 14 And also that nation, whom they shall serve, will I judge: and afterward shall they come out with great substance. 15 And thou shalt go to thy fathers in peace; thou shalt be buried in a good old age. 16 But in the fourth generation they shall come hither again: for the iniquity of the Amorites is not yet full. This passage provides the basic data to begin our understanding of the duration of time from Isaac’s birth to the Exodus. From this passage we learn several things. -
Book of Judges - Thorough Judges 1 1
Book of Judges - Thorough Judges 1 1. The book of Judges starts after the death of what leader? Joshua 2. What question did the children of Israel ask the Lord at the beginning of Judges? Who shall go up for us against the Canaanites first? 3. What two tribes went up together against the Canaanites and Perizzites and slew ten thousand men in Bezek? Judah and Simeon 4. What leader had his thumbs and great toes cut off by the Israelites? Adonibezek 5. How many kings had Adonibezek cut off their thumbs and toes? 70 6. What was Hebron previously named? Kirjath arba. 7. What three Canaanite leaders did Judah slay in Hebron? Sheshai, Ahiman an dTalmai 8. What was Debit previously called? Kirjath sepher. 9. Who promised his daughter to whoever would smite Kirjath sepher? Caleb 10. What was Caleb’s daughter’s name who was promised to the conquerer of Kirjath sepher? Achsah 11. Who conquered Kirjath sepher? Othniel, the son of Kenaz, Caleb’s younger brother. 12. What did Achsah ask of her father? Springs 13. What did Caleb give to Achsah at her request? Upper springs and nether springs. 14. Who slew the Canaanites who lived in Zephath? Judah and Simeon. 15. What was Zephath re-named? Hormad 16. Why couldn’t Judah drive out the inhabitants of the valley? Because they had chariots of iron. 17. Who was given the city of Hebron? Caleb 18. Who did Caleb expel from Hebron? The three sons of Anak 19. What tribe failed to drive out the Jebusites from Jerusalem? Benjamites 20. -
Judges, Book of I. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
1001 Judges, Book of 1002 queathed authority, the icons of emperors raised on against the angel while he pushes his finger on his stands behind him and embroidered on the table side of the scale, attempting to tip it in the favor cloth in front of him. His throne is cushioned and and direction of hell. draped in white cloth as he seems to consider his Bibliography: ■ Carboni, S., “The London Qazwini: An advisors around him. Early 14th-Century Copy of the Ajāib al-makhlūqāt,” Is- References to the Christ sitting as judge and the lamic Art 3 (1988/89) 15–31. ■ Dal Santo, M., Debating the Day of Judgment recur in NT several times and the Saints’ Cults in the Age of Gregory the Great (Oxford 2012). scene is vividly described in the Book of Revelation. ■ Hourihane, C., Pontius Pilate, Anti-Semitism, and the Passion In visual art, the most essential component is in Medieval Art (Princeton, N.J. 2009). ■ Kantorowicz, E. H., Christ, usually seated on the throne. In Roman and Laudes Regiae: A Study in Liturgical Acclamations and Medieval ■ Eastern Orthodox art he is flanked by the interces- Ruler Worship (Berkeley, Calif. 1946). Nordhagen, P. J., “S. Maria Antiqua: The Frescoes of the Seventh Century,” Acta sory figures of the Virgin on his right and John the Institutum Romanum Norvegiae 8 (1979) 89–142. ■ Verhey- Baptist on his left in an image called the Deesis (in den, J. (ed.), The Figure of Solomon in Jewish, Christian and Is- the Great Deesis, the apostles and sometimes cho- lamic Tradition: King, Sage and Architect (Leiden 2013). -
The Mysterious Numbers of the Book of Judges
JETS 48/3 (September 2005) 491!500 THE MYSTERIOUS NUMBERS OF THE BOOK OF JUDGES ANDREW E. STEINMANN* The chronology of the book of Judges has always presented a challenge. Many have noted that simply adding up the various years of the judges and foreign oppressions as listed in the book yields 410 years, and this does not include the time for the deaths of Joshua and the elders who served with him (Judg 2:7!8). * Even if one assumes that the early date for the Exodus is correct (1446 BC, 479 years before Solomon began to build the Temple in the fourth year of his reign [967 BC]; 1 Kgs 6:1),2 this would mean that be- tween the end of Joshua's conquest (1400 BC; Josh 14:10) and the beginning of David's reign (1009 BC) there is only 389 years. This is not adequate time for the events in Judges to have taken place, much less to account for the deaths of Joshua and the elders, the judgeships of Eli and Samuel, and the reign of Saul. For this reason some have posited that the judges may have simply been local authorities and their reigns may have overlapped, while others simply discount the narratives in Judges as not historically accurate.3 While some offer timelines or chronologies of the judges as rough guides,4 the opinion * Andrew Steinmann is associate professor of theology and Hebrew at Concordia University, River Forest, IL 60305!1499. 1 Raymond Β. Dillard and Tremper Longman, III, An Introduction to the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1955) 123; Frank Ely Gaebelein, J. -
The Judges of Israel What Was a Judge?
The Judges of Israel What was a Judge? A judge was a person who was "raised up" or chosen and guided by God to lead God's people. He (or she) would militarily deliver the Hebrews from their oppressors, then lead the people and administer justice. The Spirit of the Lord would communicate with the judge directly, or sometimes a judge would have a vision of an Angel of the Lord with God's message. Early Leaders The Judges Exodus Judges 1 Samuel Who Moses Othniel Eli were Joshua Ehud Samuel Shamgar Joel the Deborah Abiah Barak† Judges Gideon Abimelech† ? Tola Jair Jephthah Ibzan Elon Abdon Samson Othniel Judges 1:9-21;3:1-11; Othniel was the nephew and son-in-law of Caleb, and the son of Kenaz, Gentile Kenizzite converts who joined the tribe of Judah. In the conquest of Canaan, Othniel captured Debir. He became the first warrior-Judge of Israel and delivered Israel from the oppression of the Edomites. His family is listed among the clans of Judah. Ehud Judges 3:12-30 Son of Gera Ehud was a left-handed (Benjaminite) personally killed Eglon king of Moab and ended Moabite domination of Israel. Shamgar Judges 5:6 He killed 600 Philistines with an oxgoad. A contemporary of the Judge Deborah: ◦ the "Song of Deborah refers to "in the days of Shamgar ben Anath" possibly the son of a mixed marriage. Deborah/Barak Judges chapter 15 (Deborah = Ephraim and Barak = Naphtali) Deborah the wife of Lappidoth was a prophetess and a judge. Deborah and her general, Barak (Naphtali), defeated Sisera, the general of the army of Canaanite King Jabin of Hazor at the Battle of Kishon near Mt Tabor. -
The Positive and Negative Traits of Gideon the Positive and Negative Traits of Gideon As Reflected in His Sons Jotham and Abimelech
THE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE TRAITS OF GIDEON THE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE TRAITS OF GIDEON AS REFLECTED IN HIS SONS JOTHAM AND ABIMELECH HAYYIM ANGEL The Gideon narrative in Judges 6-7 adds several new elements to the stereotypical judge cycle: the faith development of the judge; a retrospective of the Exodus as a distant memory; the destruction of a local Baal shrine; and an angelic revelation. Despite these features, however, the overall effect of Judges 6-7 is fundamentally the same as the preceding narratives. The Israelites had sinned and therefore suffered years of oppression. After the people cried out, God appointed a savior. Gideon organized an army and led the people to victory. The land then enjoyed an extensive period of peace. Following the pattern noted for the earlier judges, one would expect the Gideon narrative to conclude at the end of Chapter 7, closing with a formulaic statement that the land was tranquil for 40 years (as it finally does in 8:28). This does not happen, though. Chapter 8 adds new variables to the Book of Judges, and to Gideon's career. It appears that every act in Chapter 8 was intended to be ambiguous: each can be both justified and criticized. Chapter 9 seems to separate out the two opposite constituents of a complex Gideon into the personalities of his two sons. Jotham reflected Gideon's most positive aspects, while Abimelech reflected the most negative. In this essay, we will briefly survey these issues in Chapters 8-9, and then consider how Gideon's career is the key turning point in the Book of Judges.