Reader’s COMMENTARY by Ingrid Wendt The Unknown Good in Our Enemies: The Poetry of William Stafford and Poetry from the Middle East Several years ago I saw a memorable PBS program William Stafford, on World War I, which included an account of what’s (1914–1993), a come to be known as the “Christmas Truce of 1914.” Conscientious The truce was not official, but on December 24, for Objector during reasons unknown, many thousands of German and Brit- World War II who ish troops all along the Western Front spontaneously spent three years stopped their fighting, sang carols, shouted Christmas in work camps in greetings to each other, and spent much of the night and Arkansas, Califor- the next day fraternizing with each other in “no man’s nia, and Illinois, land” between the trenches, exchanging souvenirs and fighting fires and small gifts of food, alcohol, and tobacco. In most places building and the truce lasted through Christmas night, but in some it maintaining roads lasted till January 1. and trails. How could it be possible, I asked myself, for soldiers The author of to recognize their enemies as human beings like them- over 50 books William Stafford selves, to make merry together, and the next day return of poems, and to killing each other? a professor of More to the moment, what makes it still so hard—all English at Lewis & Clark College in Portland, Oregon, around the globe—for people whose countries are at Stafford was Oregon’s Poet Laureate for many years and war with other countries, or threatening to go to war, or served (1971–1972) as poetry consultant to the Library fighting within their own borders, to not imagine their of Congress, a position now called United States Poet perceived “enemies” as complex individuals who have Laureate. parents and children, wives and husbands; people who Winner of the National Book Award, and an enor- fall in love and flirt and get jealous and laugh and cry mously admired writer, he traveled thousands of miles and rage like anyone else? Equally hard: to distinguish each year to give readings and to encourage aspiring those who have attacked us from the cultures which poets throughout the United States, Egypt, India, Ban- gave them birth. gladesh, Pakistan, Iran, Germany, Austria, Poland and One of our solemn duties as teachers of language many other countries. and literature is to help our students keep, or to regain, An advocate of free expression in writing and the open minds they were born with. Whether or not speech, of peace and reconciliation, and of respect- we agree or disagree with choices made by our govern- ing human differences—in small, daily acts as well as ment, the future well-being of our children and their those that make history—William Stafford’s poetry is children depends on their ability to imagine a more as disarmingly accessible as he was in person. And as peaceful world. thought-provoking. “Violence is a failure of the imagination,” said poet Years ago I heard Stafford read one of his most 1 The Online Council Chronicle Spring 2011 widely-anthologized poems, “A Ritual to Read to Each The Friends of William Stafford is a not-for-profit Other.” organization created by Oregon readers and writers in I was deeply moved by its eloquent plea for the need the years immediately after Stafford’s death. Its advi- for community, clarity and insight as we interact with sory board consists of nationally-recognized poets from each other and the world. It’s a poem I’ve learned by around the United States. heart and often— in my visits to classrooms—recite. The primary goal of FWS is “to raise common aware- ness of the power of poetry and literature by modeling A Ritual to Read to Each Other the legacy, life, and works of poet William Stafford.” If you don’t know the kind of person I am Its website, http://www.williamstafford.org, offers and I don’t know the kind of person you are direct links to dozens of Stafford poems; to the new Wil- a pattern that others made may prevail in the world liam Stafford Online Archives at Lewis & Clark College and following the wrong god home we may miss our in Portland, with links to many more poems, to film star. and audio clips, to a bibliography of primary works; For there is many a small betrayal in the mind, and to information about the annual William Stafford a shrug that lets the fragile sequence break Commemorative Celebrations held each January (the sending with shouts the horrible errors of childhood month of his birth) for over ten years: in coffee houses, storming out to play through the broken dike. libraries, high school and college campuses, state and And as elephants parade holding each elephant’s tail, national parks, even bakeries, private homes, and a but if one wanders the circus won’t find the park, prison—wherever poetry can be read to appreciative I call it cruel and maybe the root of all cruelty audiences. to know what occurs but not recognize the fact. Different from most poetry readings, these popular And so I appeal to a voice, to something shadowy, “celebrations” often feature four or five local poets, each a remote important region in all who talk; of whom reads a Stafford poem and one of their own though we could fool each other, we should consider— written in the spirit of Stafford’s work. Some events also lest the parade of our mutual life get lost in the dark. include speakers or panels on a particular Stafford topic or theme. After the featured presentations, audience For it is important that awake people be awake, members are invited to read a favorite Stafford poem or or a breaking line may discourage them back to sleep; the signals we give— yes or no, or maybe— to share thoughts and memories of the poet. This past should be clear: the darkness around us is deep. January (2011) over 50 birthday celebrations took place throughout the United States and overseas. In another Stafford poem, “Five A.M.,” the peace- As a lifetime member of FWS, I have for many years fulness of an early morning walk in his neighborhood coordinated “birthday celebrations” in Eugene, Oregon, leads him into imagining that his love of home and where I live. This year we did something new. The place is shared by unknown, peaceful people around title of this year’s program, like that of this article, was the world. drawn from Stafford’s poem “For the Unknown En- emy.” Still dark, the early morning breathes a soft sound above the fire. Hooded For the Unknown Enemy lights on porches lead past lawns, a hedge; I pass the house of the couple This monument is for the unknown who have the baby, the yard with the little good in our enemies. Like a picture dog; my feet pad and grit on the pavement, flicker their life began to appear: they past streetlights; my arms alternate gathered at home in the evening easily to my pace. Where are my troubles? and sang. Above their fields they saw a new sky. A holiday came There are people in every country who never and they carried the baby to the park turn into killers, saints have built for a party. Sunlight surrounded them. sanctuaries on islands and in valleys, conquerors have quit and gone home, for thousands Here we glimpse what our minds long turned of years farmers have worked their fields. away from. The great mutual My feet begin the uphill curve blindness darkened that sunlight in the park, where a thicket spills with birds every spring. and the sky that was new, and the holidays. The air doesn’t stir. Rain touches my face. This monument says that one afternoon 2 The Online Council Chronicle Spring 2011 we stood here letting a part of our minds Here are three short poems on the universal theme of escape. They came back, but different. love and one on the increasingly-universal theme of Enemy: one day we glimpsed your life. exile. This monument is for you. The other girls are starting with new loves, But I am piecing the tatters of an old love together. Believing, with Stafford, in the need to banish myths * and stereotypes, and that one way to glimpse our “en- If you did not know how to love, emies” is through the arts, this year we opened our Why then did you awaken my sleeping heart? Stafford celebration with eight Oregon poets and writ- * ers, reading poems (in translation) from Iraq, Iran, and My love, come quickly and appease him, Afghanistan, prose from Palestinian poet Mahmoud The horse of my heart has broken every bridle. Darwish’s Journal of an Ordinary Grief, and poems from * the forthcoming anthology Before We Have Nowhere to It is springtime, here the leaves are sprouting on the Stand: Israel/Palestine: Poets Respond to the Struggle (see trees, “Resources,” on p. 6). But in my land the trees have lost their foliage under the hail of enemy bullets. Whether the United States is technically “at war” with these countries was not the issue, though two of These short, anonymous poems from women in these countries, Israel and Palestine, have long been en- Afghanistan are called landays. They are part of the oral gaged in violent conflict with each other. What was and literature of village people and conform to strict rules still is the issue with the other three countries is that the of structure: two lines of nine and thirteen syllables.