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Kemin, Karungin, Simon Ja Runkauksen Kartta-Alueiden Kalliopera

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Kemin, Karungin, Simon Ja Runkauksen Kartta-Alueiden Kalliopera WOMEN GEOLOGINEN KARTTA 1 : 100 000 GEOLOGICAL MAP OF FINLAND 1 : 100 000 KALLIOPERAKARTTOJEN SELITYKSET LEHDET 2541, 2542 + 2524, 2543 ja 2544 EXPLANATION TO THE MAPS OF SHEETS 2541, 2542+2524, 2543 and 2544 PRE-QUATERNARY ROCKS Vesa Perttunen Kemin, Karungin, Simon ja Runkauksen kartta-alueiden kalliopera Summary : Pre-Quaternary rocks of the Kemi, Karunki, Simo and Runkaus map-sheet areas GEOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF FINLAND ESPOO 1991 SUOMEN GEOLOGINEN KARTTA - GEOLOGICAL MAP OF FINLAND 1 : 100 000 Kallioperakarttojen selitykset Lehdet 2541, 2542+2524, 2543 j a 2544 Explanation to the maps of Pre-Quaternary rocks Sheets 2541, 2542+2524, 2543 and 2544 Vesa Perttunen KEMIN, KARUNGIN, SIMON JA RUNKAUKSEN KARTTA-ALUEIDEN KALLIOPERA Summary: Pre-Quaternary rocks of the Kemi, Karunki, Simo and Runkaus map-sheet areas Geologian tutkimuskeskus - Geological Survey of Finland Espoo 1991 Perttunen, V ., 1991. Kemin, Karungin, Simon ja Runkauksen kartta-alueiden kal- liopera . Summary : Pre-Quaternary rocks of the Kemi, Karunki, Simo and Run- kaus map sheet areas . Geological map of Finland 1:100 000 . Explanation to the maps of Pre-Quaternary rocks, sheets 2541 Kemi, 2542 + 2524 Karunki, 2543 Simo and 2544 Runkaus . 80 pages, 32 figures and 11 tables . The combined area included in the Kemi, Karunki, Simo and Runkaus map sheets is located in northern Finland at the Swedish border, north of the Gulf of Bothnia . The Basement Gneiss area in the southeastern part of the map sheet area be- longs to the Archaean Pudasjarvi Granite Gneiss Complex . The gneisses are most- ly medium-grained, foliated, banded, and migmatized . According to their mineral composition, the gneisses are quartz diorites, granodiorites and oligoclase granites (trondhjemites) . The felsic gneisses contain inclusions of amphibolite, and amphi- bole and mica gneiss . Microcline porphyroblasts, rarely albite, occur in the gneiss- es . Granites are medium to coarse-grained and slightly deformed . The rocks of the Pudasjarvi Granite Gneiss Complex are invaded by mafic and felsic dikes . Three layered intrusions exist in the map sheet area between the Perapohja Schist Belt and the Granite Gneiss Complex . The layered intrusions contain chromite lay- ers and PGE mineralizations . The age of the layered intrusions is 2,440 Ma . The early Proterozoic Perapohja Schist Belt comprises most of the area . The Schist Belt is separated by an unconformity from the underlying Pudasjarvi Gran- ite Gneiss Complex and from the rocks of the layered intrusions . The supracrustal rocks include quartzite, conglomerate, dolomite, phyllite and mica schist, as well as mafic volcanic rocks : lava, agglomerate and tuffite . The supracrustal rocks have been classified and described in the explanation as lithostratigraphic formations . The supracrustal rocks are cut by differentiated sills dated about 2,200 Ma, and plutonic intrusions of the Haparanda suite dated 1,890 Ma old . The rocks of the Pudasjarvi Granite Gneiss Complex were folded, migmatized, and metamorphosed in amphibolite facies before the deposition of the rocks of the Perapohja Schist Belt . The supracrustal rocks of the Perapohja Schist Belt in the map sheet area were folded along an east-west fold axis . The metamorphic grade is generally low, reaching amphibolite facies in the western part of the area . In addition to the chromite ore exploited by Outokumpu Chrome Company, dolomite, orthoquartzite, phyllite, gabbro, and tuffite are quarried in the map sheet area on a commercial scale . The paper is in Finnish, with figure and table captions and a summary in English . Key words: areal geology, explanatory text, bedrock, Archaean, Proterozoic, Kemi, Karunki, Simo, Runkaus, Finland . Vesa Perttunen, Geological Survey of Finland, P. O . Box 77, SF-96101 Rovaniemi, Finland. ISBN 951-690-420-3 Vanunalan hir)apoino O\ 1991 Peritunen, V ., 1991 . Kemin, Karungin, Simon ja Runkauksen kartta-alueiden kal- liopera . Summary : Pre-Quaternary rocks of the Kemi, Karunki, Simo and Runkaus map-sheet areas . Suomen geologinen kartta 1 :100 000 . Kallioperakarttojen selitykset, lehdet 2541 Kemi, 2542+2524 Karunki, 2543 Simo ja 2544 Runkaus. 80 sivua, 32 kuvaa ja 11 taulukkoa . Karttalehtien alue sijaitsee Pohjois-Suomessa Perameren pohjoispuolella ja rajoit- tuu lannessa Ruotsin rajaan . Alueen kalliopera jakautuu kolmeen geologisesti erilaiseen yksikkoon . Paaosa Simon (2543) karttalehden alueen kallioperasta seka Kemin (2541) ja Runkauksen (2544) lehtien kaakkoisosan kalliopera kuuluvat ial- taan arkeeiseen Pudasjarven graniittigneissikompleksiin . Sen kivilajit muodostavat kerrostumisalustan varhaisproterotsooisille Perapohjan alueen liuskeille, jotka ovat toisena karttalehtialueen geologisena paayksikkona . Kolmantena yksikkona ovat varhaisproterotsooiset syvakivet, joista kerrosrakenteiset intruusiot ovat liuskeita vanhempia, mum nuorempia . Pohjagneissialueen gneissit ovat suuntautuneita, usein raitaisia ja migmatiittisia . Mineraalikoostumukseltaan ne ovat kvartsidioriitteja, granodioriitteja ja oligo- klaasigraniitteja (tonaliitteja) . Niissa on sulkeumina ja jaanteina amfiboliittia seka sarvivalke- ja biotiittigneissia . Paikoitellen on porfyroblasteina mikrokliinia, har- vemmin albiittia . Graniittien suuntaus on epaselvempaa . Kaikkia pohjagneissialueen kivilajeja leikkaavat mafiset ja felsiset juonet . Fylliitit ja kvartsiitit ovat karttalehtialueen laajimmalle levinneet sedimenttisyn- tyiset kivilajit . Dolomiitteja on suhteellisen runsaasti . Niiden lisaksi on ohuita kon- glomeraattikerroksia . Sedimenttien valiin on kerrostunut vulkaanisia kivilajeja, jotka alkuaan ovat olleet mantelikivilaavoja ja tuhkia, harvemmin agglomeraatteja . Pin- tasyntyiset kivilajit on jaoteltu ja kasitelty selityksessa litostratigrafisina muodostu- mina . Liuskeiden ja pohjagneissialueen saumassa on kerrosintruusioita, joiden ika on noin 2440 Ma . Niiden kivilajit oval lahinna pyrokseniitteja, gabroja ja anortosiitteja . Kvartsiiteissa on differentioituneita kerrosjuonia, joiden ika on noin 2200 Ma . Liuskeita leikkaavat syvakivet ja niihin liittyvat juonet kuuluvat Haaparantasar- jaan . Niille on tyypillista omamuotoinen, voimakkaasti vyohykkeinen plagioklaa- si . Paaosa syvakivista on mineraalikoostumukseltaan kvartsimontsodioriitteja, tonaliitteja, granodioriitteja, kvartsidioriitteja ja dioriitteja . Niiden ika on noin 1890 Ma . Pudasjarven graniittigneissikompleksin kivilajit ovat metamorfoituneet amfiboliit- tifasieksen olosuhteissa, poimuttuneet ja migmatisoituneet ennen Perapohjan Liuskeiden kerrostumista . Paaosa liuskealueen kivila_ ;eista on metamorfoitunut vihrealiuskefasieksessa. Karungin lehden lansiosien kivilajeissa on amfiboliittifasiek- sen mineraaliseurue . Liuskealueen kivilajien poimuakseli on lahes ita-lantinen ja kaade loiva. Seka sedimenttien etta vulkaniittien primaariset rakenteet oval yleensa erinomaisesti sailyneet . Kerrosintruusioissa on kromiittia ja plat inametallimineraaleja sisaltavia kerrok- sia . Kemin intruusiossa on Outokumpu Chrome Oy :n Kemin kromikaivos . Alueen kivilajeista Louhitaan dolomiittia, puhtaita kvartsiittityyppeja, fylliittia, gabroa ja tuffiittia . Feksti on Suomen kielella . Kuvien, taulukoiden ja tiisistelmien teksti on myos cnulanniksi . 1='esa Perttunen Geologian tutkimuskeskus Pohjois-Suomen aluetohnisto PL 77 96101 Rotanienti SISALLYS - CONTENTS Tutkim usvaiheet 7 Kallioperan yleispiirteet 9 Pudasjarven graniittigneissikompleksi 16 Kvartsidioriittiset gneissit 18 Oligoklaasigraniittiset ja granodioriittiset gneissit 19 Graniitit 20 Amfiboliitit ja emaksiset sulkeumat 21 Kiillegneissit 21 Liuskeet 22 Fylliitit ja kiilleliuskeet 22 Dolomiitit 23 Kivalon muodostumaii dolomiitit 23 Kvartsimaan muodostuman dolomiitit 24 Rantamaan muodostuman dolomiitit 26 Kvartsiitit 26 Kivalon muodostuman kvartsiitit 27 Kvartsimaan muodostuman kvartsiitit 29 Rantamaan muodostuman kvartsiitit 30 V ulkaniitit 31 Runkauksen muodosturnan vulkaniiitit 31 Jouttiaavan muodostuman vulkaniitit 35 Tuffiitit 35 Konglomeraatit 39 Sompujarven muodostuman konglomeraatit 39 Kvartsimaan muodostuman konglomeraatit 42 Rantamaan muodostuman konglomeraatit 42 Martimon muodostuman konglomeraatit 42 Juonet 44 Pudasjarven graniittigneissikompleksin juonet 44 Liuskealueen juonet 45 Syvakivet 49 Kerrosintruusiot 49 H aaparantasarjan syvakivet 51 Kaakamon intruusio 53 Liakan intruusio 54 Napinmaen intruusio 55 Nosan intruusio 58 Ruottalan intruusio 59 Syeniitti 59 Rakenne ja metamorfoosi 60 Radiometriset iat 64 Ruhjeet, rapautuminen ja morfologia 67 Taloudelliset aiheet 68 Malmit ja malmiaiheet 68 Teollisuusmineraalit ja rakennuskivet 69 Korjauksia 69 Summary: Pre-Quaternary rocks of the Kemi, Karunki, Simo and Runkaus map-sheet areas 71 Introduction 71 Geological outlines 71 Basement Gneiss Area 71 Perapohja Schist Belt 72 Supracrustal rocks 72 Phyllite and mica schist 72 Dolomite 72 Quartzite 72 Volcanic rocks 73 Conglomerate 73 Sills and dikes 74 Plutonic rocks 74 Layered intrusions 74 Haparanda Suite 75 Syenite 75 Structure and metamorphism 75 Radiometric ages 76 Economic geology 76 Kirjallisuutta - Literature 77 TUTKIMUSVAIHEET Taman selityskirjan kohteena olevat karttalehdet Kemi (2541), Karunki (2542 + 2524), Simo (2543) ja Runkaus (2544) kattavat Perameren pohjukan pohjoispuolei- sen, Ruotsin rajan tuntumassa sijaitsevan kolkan . Karttalehtien alueelle sijoittuu paa- osa Kemin ja Keminmaan seka nykyisen Tornion kaupungin (aiemmin Alatornio, Karunki ja Tornio) maa-alasta seka osia Simon, Tervolan ja Kuivaniemen
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