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United States Patent (19) (11) 4,113,067 Coons Et Al

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United States Patent (19) (11) 4,113,067 Coons Et Al United States Patent (19) (11) 4,113,067 Coons et al. 45 Sep. 12, 1978 54) COOLNG FLUD CIRCULATION IN AN 2,518,016 8/1950 Johnson et al. .............. 188/264 E X ANNULAR DSC BRAKE 2,934,177 4/1960 Kelley et al. .................... 188/264 E. 3,081,854 3/1963. Snyder ............. ... 192/85 AAX 75 Inventors: Robert R. Coons, Indian Head Park; 3,145,816 8/1964. Lorean et al. ... ... 192/113 BX Richard G. Hennessey, Oak Lawn, 4,011,930 3/1977. Coons et al...... ... 88/264 E X both of Ill.; John Woffenden, 4,022,298 5/1977. Malinowski M. 188/264 E X Rotherham, England Primary Examiner-George E. A. Halvosa 73) Assignee: International Harvester Company, Attorney, Agent, or Firm--Douglas W. Rudy; Ronald C. Chicago, Ill. Kamp; F. David AuBuchon 21 Appl. No.: 811,499 57 ABSTRACT Fluid passages machined in the annular brake piston and 22 Filed: Jun. 30, 1977 in the outboard brake ring of a wet disc brake system (51) Int. C.’.............................................. F16D 65/84 allows the circulation of cooling and lubricating fluid. 52 U.S. C. ................................ 188/71.6; 92/181 R; An annular disc brake will deliver cooling fluid to the 92/186; 188/264 E; 192/70.12; 192/113 B circumferential periphery of the brake disc operating (58) Field of Search ......... 188/264 E, 264 F, 264 CC, cavity where the fluid relief passages machined in the 188/264P, 71.6, 366; 192/70.12, 113 B, 85AA, annular brake piston and in the outboard brake ring will 58 C, 59; 92/181 R, 181 P, 186, 129, 107 allow the passage of this fluid out of the brake disc operation cavity thus preventing the stagnation of cool 56 References Cited ing fluid in the brake disc operating cavity. U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 2,178,017 10/1939 Fedden et al. ................. 192/85 AA 4 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures N15, N42%N E 2 ; U.S. Patent Sept. 12, 1978 Sheet 1 of 2 4,113,067 2Z W U.S. Patent sept. 12, 1978 Sheet 2 of 2 4,113,067 4,113,067, 1. 2 The major object of this invention is to provide the CoOLING FLUID CIRCULATION IN AN dissipation of heat in a wet: disc, improve system by ANNULAR DISC BRAKE . improving the circulation of cooling fluid. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION sUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention . - This invention is concerned with improving cooling fluid circulation in annular brake systems operating in operatingThis invention in a fluid relates environment. to annular More disc specifically brake systems this fluid baths. Generally, this wet brake system depends on invention relates to providing a braking system that the operation of dipping the brake disc in the fluid bath orsump to effect heat transfer between the lining mate allows circulation of lubrication and cooling fluid rial and the cooling fluid. through the use of machined fluid passages in the sys The brake disc in this system pumps cooling and tem annular piston and the system outboard brake'ring. lubricating fluid past the brake disc lining material. The 2. Description of the Prior Art * : *. fluid relief passages machined in the annular piston and Wheel brakes carried on axles residing in a fluid bath the outboardbrake ring allow fluid to pass either the are in contemporary use on vehicles such as farm an sump. or reservoir rather than being restrained under construction machinery. Typically agricultural and pressure in the brake discoperating cavity. industrial tractors are equipped with inboard brakes for The disc brake operates in a housing supporting a the rear axle. These inboard brakes may be disc brakes rotatable shaft. The housing includes an annular piston fluid for hydraulic components of the tractor as well as the annular piston, chamber urges the annular piston a lubricant for the differential. Such brake systems uti against a non-fotating inboardbrake ring which is urged lize an annular piston to apply pressure to a disc which against the brake disc which is integrally but slidably is splined to an axle or a planetary drive shaft. The carried on said rotatable shaft to rotate therewith. A opposite face of the disc adjoins the stationary outboardm 25 non-rotating outboard brakering resists further lateral brake ring and is in contact with it during brakings. displacement thus tending to restrict rotation of the Frictional surfaces on opposite sides of the disc having . brake disc. i. : - - * ... a lining of microscopically porous paper-like material. Cooling fluid is picked up by the brake disc from the bonded thereto. While the brake disc will generally sump in the housing and is discharged radially. A plu have a splined central aperture compatible with the 30 rality of communication notches in the annular piston splines on the vehicle drive axle or planetary drive and a plurality of fluid access channels in the outboard shaft. In addition to the central aperture. it is usual to . , brakering allow fluid to drain or be forced from an find a plurality of radially disposed apertures, in the innular circumferential channels encircling the brake brake disc between the splined central aperture and the frictional surface or lining on the disc which allow fluid 35 to pass from one side of the disc to the other side of the BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGs disc thus allowing the benefit of cooling fluid to reach FIG. 1 is a cross sectioned view of a portion of a the frictional surface on either side of the disc. To en vehicle drive axle incorporating an annular brake as sembly; . ; : . * : . hance the utility of the apertures the brake disc might also be equipped with an oil baffle ring to assistin deliv FIG.2 is a plan view of the front side of an annular ery of cooling fluid to the lining material. brake piston; . Through normal braking the heat buildip in the lin 1. FIG. 3 is a plan view of an outer brake ring; ing material is significant. The fluid bath in which the FIG.4 is an enlarged portion of a section of the annu brake operates will generally work with the brake disc lar brake assembly of FIG. 1; and . to provide a media to dissipate heat from the lining FIG. 5 is a plan view of a quadrant of a frictional material. However, there are extreme instances where brake disc for use in an annular-brake assembly. the brake disc will be rotating through the fluid bath at DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE such a rate that it is difficult to maximize the transfer of . DRAWINGS . heat between the lining material of the brake disc and The brake systems of various heavy duty, vehicles the fluid bath. In these instances it has been found that' often incorporate annular type disc brakes operating in increased lubrication and cooling effectiveness can be , a fluid environment. The fluid is oftentimes hydraulic. attained if fluid from the fluid bath can be pumped to fluid serving a dual-function as a lubricant and as a brake. and over the frictional surface of the disc. coolant. This type' of brake system generally 10, is , A more conventional brake system provides cooling55. shown in FIG.1. In this embodiment the brake is used and lubricating oil to the lining material by either dip to selectively restrainia planetary drive shaft 12 rotat ping the fiction material into the fluid and/or the more ably carried by a bearing 14 within a housing 16 and a costly means of causing the fluid to flow across the bearing support 20. The housing 16 consists of several lining material surface by a forced or pressurized lubri components which are secured together and function as cation system. The means provided by this invention so a unitary structure capable of acting as a reservoir for a strives to improve a heat transfer between the lining quantity of hubricating or cooling fluid. material and the cooling fluid by increasing the opport The annular brake mechanism.10 includes a brake tunity of fluid circulation from the fluidsump to the disc 22 having a lining material 24 bonded to the oppo other periphery of the brake disc. ; ; ; site faces, which are major planar surfaces, thereof. The Contemporary state of the art of fluid environment 65 brake disc:22 is splined to the planetary drive shaft 12 so brake systems generally do not provide for sufficient. that it may be axially slideable on the planetary drive circulation of fluid to ensure optimum cooling andlu-. shaft 12 and the splined area thereof while also rotating brication of the brake disclining material.;; with the planetary drive shaft 12. The brake disc 22 may 4,113,067 3 4. have a fluid baffle ring 26 bonded to opposite sides of it. A clearer understanding of the cross sectional shapes The fluid baffle ring 26 partially covers each of a plural of both the brake piston and the outboard brake ring can ity of radially exposed apertures 30 provided in the be gleaned by the enlarged sectioned view of FIG. 4. brake disc 22 in the area between the splined central The annular piston 36 shows, in cross section, the aperture 32 of the brake disc and the outer diameter area channel 54. One of the communication notches 60 is of the brake disc which hosts the lining material 24. represnted by the hidden line. Also shown in this view These apertures allow fluid flow past or through the is a circumferential groove 68 in the outer peripheral brake disc while at the same time reducing the weight of surface of the annular piston 36.
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