9/22/2021 Indian National Movement: The Revolutionary Movement: Reorganisation and Reorientation- FlexiPrep
FlexiPrep Indian National Movement: The Revolutionary Movement: Reorganisation and Reorientation (For CBSE, ICSE, IAS, NET, NRA 2022)
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The Revolutionary Movement: Reorganisation and Reorientation The youth of the country responded eagerly to the call of Gandhi to participate in the non- cooperation movement. The immediate withdrawal of the movement created resentment among the youths. The secret samitis of the first phase of revolutionary movement began to revive in Punjab and Bengal.
Anushilan Samiti: Associated with Subhash Chandra Bose
Yugantar Samiti: Associated with JM Sen Gupta Group.
Surya Sen formed a more radical samiti in Chittagong, Bengal.
Hindustan Republican Association: Formed by Sachin Sanyal and Jogesh Chatterji.
They raise funds through robbery. The famous one was the Kakori train robbery in August 1925.
Bhagat Singh was one of the members of HRA in Punjab.
The socialist ideology influenced the Punjab group. Hence, the organisation was renamed as Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) .
The aim of the HSRA was to attain complete independence.
The more striking incident of the time was the murder of an Englishman, Day by Gopinath Saha in January 1924. He planned to kill Tegarb and killed Day by mistake. This incident resulted in the arrest of many nationalists.
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Boycott of Simon Commission Simon commission was appointed to formulate constitutional reforms in India.
The Commission included all English men and no Indians were included to fulfil the aspirations of the Indians. This prejudice invited widespread discontentment among the nationalist.
The Indian response to the Commission:
Indian leaders unanimously decided to boycott the Commission.
On February 3,1928, all important towns and cities observed Hartal on the day the Commission landed in India.
There were rallies and flag demonstration against the Commission.
“Go back Simon” was imprinted on banners, placards and kites. The black flag was waved at the Commission wherever it went.
The police repressed the movement with severe measures. The most serious one was the attack on Lala Lajpat Rai. The attack resulted in the death of Lajpat Rai.
Civil Disobedience and the Eleven Point During this period, an important development within the Congress was the adoption of Purna Swaraj or complete independence as its objective. Congress decided to launch the 2 of 3 9/22/2021 Indian National Movement: The Revolutionary Movement: Reorganisation and Reorientation- FlexiPrep
movement of civil disobedience that would include non-payment of taxes in its extreme form.
Gandhi issued an ultimatum to the Viceroy Irwin on 31st January, which did not mention anything about complete independence, or Purna Swaraj.
The Eleven Points Eleven points were a set of demands that the nation was making from the colonial government.
One of the demands was for the abolition of the salt tax and the government monopoly of the manufacture of salt.
The demands also included a fifty percent reduction in the land revenue, protection of textiles, fifty percent cuts in army expenses and civil service salaries, etc.
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