docomomo International is a non-profit organization dedicated to the documentation and conservation of buildings, sites and neighborhoods of the Modern Movement. It aims at: • Bringing the significance of the architecture of the Modern Movement to the attention of the public, EDUCATION AND REUSE the public authorities, the professionals and the educational community. • Identifying and promoting the surveying of the Modern Movement's works. • Fostering and disseminating the development International committee for of appropriate techniques and methods of conservation. • Opposing destruction and disfigurement documentation and conservation of significant works. • Gathering funds for documentation and conservation. • Exploring and of buildings, sites and neighbourhoods of the developing knowledge of the Modern Movement. modern movement docomomo International wishes to extend its field of actions to new territories, establish new Journal 61 — 2019/03 partnerships with institutions, organizations and NGOs active in the area of modern architecture, develop and publish the international register, and enlarge the scope of its activities in the realm of research, documentation and education. EDUCATION AND REUSE EDUCATION Journal 61 With the support of With the special collaboration of With the support of the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union DJ 61_capa.indd 1 15/11/2019 01:33 Editor Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam docomomo Kosovo [email protected] docomomo Taiwan Ana Tostões Phone: 852 2859 7962 Bekim Ramku, president Rémi Wang, secretary Guest editor [email protected] Rudina Voca, secretary docomomo Portugal Department of Architecture, Michel Melenhorst http://docomomo.hk Hekuran Fetahu, treasurer See docomomo Iberia. National Taipei University of Technology Editorial Board Hakif Zejnullahu, S11 1/4 1, Chunghsiao E. Road section 3, Hubert-Jan Henket docomomo Hungary 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo docomomo Puerto Rico Da-an Distrcit, Taipei Louise Noelle Gras Pál Ritoók, chair Phone: +377-44-124371 Ivonne Maria Marcial, chair Phone: +886-953-262-356 Scott Robertson Hungarian Museum of Architecture and [email protected] Escuela de Arquitectura [email protected] Advisory Board Monument Protection Documentation Center Univ. Politécnica de Puerto Rico Anthony Vidler Vörösmarty tér 1, Budapest, 1051-Hungary docomomo Kuwait PO Box 192017, San Juan 00919–2017 docomomo Thailand Barry Bergdoll Phone: +36309970941 Zahra Ali Baba, chair [email protected] Suphawadee Ratanamart, chair Hilde Heynen [email protected] Office 32, Qibliya Cultural Center, Noppawan Ratanamart, secretary Jean-Louis Cohen Ali AlSalem street, Kuwait City, Kuwait docomomo Romania 18/6 Phaholyothin19 Michelangelo Sabatino docomomo Iberia Phone: +965 22929444 Ana Maria Zahariade, President Chatuchak Bangkok 10900 Sarah Whiting José Manuel Pedreirinho, chair [email protected] Irina Tulbure-Moldovan, Secretary Phone: +66 20156652 Tom Avermaete Celestino García Braña, vice-chair Toader Popescu, Treasurer [email protected] Wilfried Wang Susana Landrove Bossut, director docomomo Latvia Carrie Pavel, Chapter Relations www.docomomothailand.org Vittorio Lampugnani Col·legi dArquitectes de Catalunya Sandra Treija, chair “Ion Mincu” University of Architecture English editor Plaça Nova 5, 08002 Barcelona Velta Holcmane, secretary and Urbanism docomomo The Netherlands Scott Robertson Phone: 34 9 3306 7859 Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning Department of History & Theory o Wido Quist, chair Coordenation and Production [email protected] Riga Technical University f Architecture and Heritage Conservation Bianca Eikhoudt, secretary Beatriz Agostinho www.docomomoiberico.com Azenes iela 16, Riga LV–1048 18-20 Academiei st., Maartje van Meer, treausurer Collaborators Phone: 37 1 2911 7796 010014, Bucharest, Romania Faculteit Bouwkunde Beatriz Agostinho docomomo India [email protected] Julianalaan 134, 2628 BL Delft Carolina Chaves Gaurav Sharma, chair docomomo Russia P.O. Box 5043, 2600 GA Delft Leandro Arez Address: A-09-06 Ireo Skyon, Sector - 60, docomomo Lebanon Vladimir Shukhov, chair Phone: +31 15 2788496 Minodora Toma Gurgaon, Haryana, India George Arbid, chair Nikolai Vasilev, secretary [email protected] Sandra Vaz Costa Phone: 0091(0)124 4178010 Arab Centrer for Architecture Elena Ovsyanikova, chief www.docomomo.nl Sílvio Alves [email protected] George Mrad Building, 4th floor Str. Rozhdestvenka 11 Yunlong Yu Salim Rustom Baz Street 107031, Moscow docomomo Turkey Design docomomo Iran Ashrafieh Sassine Phone: 7 903 797 79 16 Yildiz Salman, co-chair Ana Maria Braga Pirouz Hanachi, chair Po Box 16-6802, Beirut [email protected] / www.docomomo.ru Ebru Omay Polat, co-chair Printing Hadi Naderi, coordinator Phone: 961 3 359935 Nilüfer Baturayoglu Yöney, Maiadouro, Portugal College of Fine Arts [email protected] docomomo Scotland secretary and treasurer University of Tehran Carsten Hermann, coordinator T. Elvan Altan, Ankara rep. All rights reserved. © of the edition, docomomo International, Phone: 98 21 61112534 docomomo Macau Clive Fenton, secretary Faculty of Architecture © of the images, their authors and © of the texts, their authors. [email protected] /www.docomomo.ir Rui Leão, chair Nick Haynes, treasurer Istanbul Technical University Pátio da Adivinhação no.1B, 19/2 Downfield Place (c/o Clive Fenton) Taskisla, Taksim, 34037 Istanbul docomomo Journal Published twice a year by the docomomo Iraq Edif. Weng Keong r/c A. Macau Edinburgh EH11 2EJ UK Phone: 90 212 293 13 00 docomomo International secretariat. Ghada Al Slik, chair Phone: +853 28825199 [email protected] [email protected] 60 — 2019/2 docomomo International Instituto Superior Técnico, Hadeer Al Shami, secretary [email protected] www.docomomoscotland.org.uk Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa University of Baghdad www.docomomomacau.org Periodical: MoMo World Scotland docomomo UK Phone: 00351 21 8418101 / 02 / 03 • [email protected] · Building B5, Jadiriya, Baghdad, Iraq Judi Loach, chair www.docomomo.com Phone: 009647701704907 docomomo Mexico docomomo Serbia Philip Boyle, coordinator docomomo International is a registered trademark, [email protected] Louise Noelle Gras, president Tanja Damljanović Conley, president Robert Loader, secretary docomomo ISSN: 1380/3204 · D.L.: 380259/14 Sara Topelson de Grinberg, vice-president Vladana Putnik Prica, coordinator Anna Basham, treasurer docomomo Ireland Ivan San Martín, secretary Jelica Jovanović, secretary 77 Cowcross Street, London EC1M 6EJ The publisher has made all the efforts available in order to obtain the Simon Walker, chair Lourdes Cruz, treasurer Association of Belgrade Architects Phone: 44 20 7253 6624 commitments relating to the reproduction of photographs presented in this Paul Tierney, secretary Sierra Mazapil #135 Kneza Miloša 7/III, Beograd [email protected] work. In case of remained legitimate rights, please contact the publisher. Shane O’Toole, treasurer Lomas de Chapultepec Phone: +381 11 3230059 www.docomomo-uk.co.uk 8 Merrion Square, Dublin 2 México, D.F.C.P. 11000 [email protected] On the cover: : Lina Bo Bardi, SeSC Pompeia leisure center, internal view [email protected] Phone: 52 55 5596 5597 www.docomomo-serbia.org docomomo Ukraine of the warehouse, São Paulo, Brasil, 1982. © Instituto Bardi / Casa de Vidro, www.docomomo.ie [email protected] Alexander Bouryak, chair unknown photographer. docomomo Slovakia Kharkov National University of Civil docomomo Israel docomomo Morocco Henrieta Moravcikova, chair Engineering and Architecture Yael Alweil and Inbal Gitler, chair Ahmed El Hariri, chair Institute of Construction and Architecture [email protected] Contribute to the next journal and secretary Mourad Benmbarek, vice-chair Slovak Academy of Sciences Appendix Authors who would like to contribute to the docomomo Journal are kindly POB 523 Omer, Israel 8496500 Mohamed Chaoui, secretary Dubravska 9, 845 03 Bratislava docomomo US invited to contact: [email protected]. Phone: +972-8-6909387 Ecole Nationale d’architecture Phone: 421 2 5930 9230 Theodore Prudon, president Guideline to contributors [email protected] BP 6372 Rabat Instituts, Rabat [email protected] Robert Meckfessel, vice-president • A copy on CD / USB flash drive or an e–mail version of the text. The CD should Phone: +212 (0) 62 13 26 455 Jack Pyburn, secretary be clearly labeled with the author(s) name(s), the title, and the names of the docomomo Italy [email protected] docomomo Slovenia Flora Chou, treasurer files containing the text and illustrations. 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