Vote No Code Name Fname Hno Locality1 City Distt State 1 C.R Dahiya Chandigar Chandigar Chandigarh Dr
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Signatory ID Name CIN Company Name 02700003 RAM TIKA
Signatory ID Name CIN Company Name 02700003 RAM TIKA U55101DL1998PTC094457 RVS HOTELS AND RESORTS 02700032 BANSAL SHYAM SUNDER U70102AP2005PTC047718 SHREEMUKH PROPERTIES PRIVATE 02700065 CHHIBA SAVITA U01100MH2004PTC150274 DEJA VU FARMS PRIVATE LIMITED 02700070 PARATE VIJAYKUMAR U45200MH1993PTC072352 PARATE DEVELOPERS P LTD 02700076 BHARATI GHOSH U85110WB2007PTC118976 ACCURATE MEDICARE & 02700087 JAIN MANISH RAJMAL U45202MH1950PTC008342 LEO ESTATES PRIVATE LIMITED 02700109 NATESAN RAMACHANDRAN U51505TN2002PTC049271 RESHMA ELECTRIC PRIVATE 02700110 JEGADEESAN MAHENDRAN U51505TN2002PTC049271 RESHMA ELECTRIC PRIVATE 02700126 GUPTA JAGDISH PRASAD U74210MP2003PTC015880 GOPAL SEVA PRIVATE LIMITED 02700155 KRISHNAKUMARAN NAIR U45201GJ1994PTC021976 SHARVIL HOUSING PVT LTD 02700157 DHIREN OZA VASANTLAL U45201GJ1994PTC021976 SHARVIL HOUSING PVT LTD 02700183 GUPTA KEDAR NATH U72200AP2004PTC044434 TRAVASH SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS 02700187 KUMARASWAMY KUNIGAL U93090KA2006PLC039899 EMERALD AIRLINES LIMITED 02700216 JAIN MANOJ U15400MP2007PTC020151 CHAMBAL VALLEY AGRO 02700222 BHAIYA SHARAD U45402TN1996PTC036292 NORTHERN TANCHEM PRIVATE 02700226 HENDIN URI ZIPORI U55101HP2008PTC030910 INNER WELLSPRING HOSPITALITY 02700266 KUMARI POLURU VIJAYA U60221PY2001PLC001594 REGENCY TRANSPORT CARRIERS 02700285 DEVADASON NALLATHAMPI U72200TN2006PTC059044 ZENTERE SOLUTIONS PRIVATE 02700322 GOPAL KAKA RAM U01400UP2007PTC033194 KESHRI AGRI GENETICS PRIVATE 02700342 ASHISH OBERAI U74120DL2008PTC184837 ASTHA LAND SCAPE PRIVATE 02700354 MADHUSUDHANA REDDY U70200KA2005PTC036400 -
VLE List Hisar District
VLE List Hisar District Block CSC LOCATION VLE_NAME Status Adampur Kishangarh Anil Kumar Working Adampur Khairampur Bajrang Bali Working Adampur Mandi Adampur Devender Duddi not working Adampur Chaudhariwali Vishnu Kumar Working Adampur Bagla Parhlad Singh Working Adampur Chuli Bagrian Durgesh Working Adampur Adampur Gaon Manmohan Singh Working Adampur Sadalpur Mahender Singh Working Adampur Khara Barwala Vinod Kumar Working Adampur Moda Khera Jitender Working Adampur Kabrel Suresh Rao Working Adampur Chuli Kallan Pushpa Rani Working Adampur Ladvi Anil Kumar Working Adampur Chuli Khurd Mahesh Kumar Working Adampur Daroli Bharat Singh Working Adampur Chabarwal Sandeep Kumar Working Adampur Dhani Siswal Sunil Kumar Working Adampur Jawahar Nagar Rachna not working Adampur Asrawan Ramesh Kumar Working Adampur Mahlsara Parmod Kumar Working Adampur Dhani Mohbatpur Sandeep Kumar Working ADAMPUR Mohbatpur Parmod Working ADAMPUR Kajla Ravinder Singh not working Adampur Mothsara Pawan Kumar Working Adampur Siswal Sunil Kumar Working Adampur Gurshal Surender Singh not working Adampur Kohli Indra Devi Working Adampur Telanwali Nawal Kishore Working Agroha Fransi Bhupender Singh Working Agroha Kuleri Hanuman Working Agroha Agroha Suresh Kumar not working Agroha Nangthala Mohit Kathuria Working Agroha Kanoh Govind Singh Working Agroha Kirori Vinod Kumar Working Agroha Shamsukh Pawan Kumar Working Agroha Chikanwas Kuldeep Kumar Working Agroha Siwani Bolan Sanjay Kumar Working Agroha Mirpur Sandeep Kumar Working Agroha Sabarwas Sunil kumar Working Agroha -
List of Eligible Candidates for Peon 2019.Xlsx
ROLL NUMBER-WISE LIST OF ELIGIBLE CANDIDATES APPEARING FOR INTERVIEW FOR THREE POSTS OF PEONS AT DISTRICT & SESSIONS COURTS,FATEHABAD Roll No. Name and Address Receipt No.Date of BirthQualification Category 1 Aamin s/o Chandi ram r/o Near Airtel Tower Village Mochiwali PO Chobara Distt.Fatehabad 1685 28.03.1990 12th BC-A 2 Aarti d/o Surinder Kumar r/o Ward No.20 Mukul Gas Agency Near Ram Niwas MC, Tohana Distt. Fatehabad 683 02.05.1993 M.Com SC 3 Aarti Devi w/o Bansi Lal r/o Village Kirdhan Tehsil and Distt. Fatehabad 971 07.09.1991 10th SC 4 Aarti w/o Deepak Kumar r/o Near Balmiki Chopal, Ward No.Julana Distt.Jind 2468 13.05.1994 12th SC 5 Aashima D/o Sanjay Kumar R/o VPO Balsamand Hisar 2590 09.01.1999 10+2 General 6 Abhay s/o Bhoop Singh r/o Village Sarwarpur PO Kukranwali, Fatehabad 1930 01.04.1997 12th General 7 Abhishek Bishnoi s/o Om Parkash r/o VPO Dhanger, Fatehabad 3707 02.10.1995 12th General 8 Abhishek Kumar S/o Jagdish Kumar R/o VPO Bighar Teh. & Distt. Fatehabad 2533 28.07.1999 Matric SC 9 Abhishek Kumar s/o Surender Kumar r/o VPO Landhari Distt.Hisar 1645 15.08.1994 12th General 10 Abhishek s/o Dayanand r/o Near New Arihant Public School, Jakhal Mandi, Tehsil Tohana, Fatehabad 4289 02.11.1998 10th SC 11 Abhishek Sonker S/o Devi Dayal Sonker R/o 84/307 Katra Maqbool Ganj, Lucknow 5244 04.05.1980 B.A. -
LOKAY KTA HARYANA ANN AL REPORT for the PERIOD from 01.04.2013 to 31.03.2014. the Ha Yana Lokayukta Act, 2002 (He Einafte
LOKAY KTA HARYANA ANN AL REPORT FOR THE PERIOD FROM 01.04.2013 TO 31.03.2014. The Ha yana Lokayukta Act, 2002 (he einafte efe eed as the Act) has come into fo ce w.e.f. 1.8.2004. The Lokayukta o ganization has been b ought into existence in Janua y, 2006 with avowed commitment on the pa t of State Gove nment to p ovide with the people of State an efficient t anspa ent and co uption f ee gove nance. The Lokayukta o ganization comes unde the ambit of the Ha yana Lokayukta Act, 2002 and Ha yana Lokayukta (Functions, Powe s, Inqui y and Investigation) Rules, 2008 (he einafte efe eed as the Rules) f amed the e unde . On 31.03.2013, 1023 Complaints we e pending. Du ing the pe iod f om 01.04.2013 to 31.03.2014, as many as 692 complaints have been eceived which have been listed at Annexure-I. Thus, a total No. of 807 complaints we e disposed of du ing the said Financial Yea , which have been listed at Annexure-II. A list of complaints/ g ievances in which action has been taken against the e ing officials by the depa tment conce ned du ing the cou se of p oceedings f om 01.04.2013 to 31.03.2014 is placed at Annexure-III. Besides, a list of cases/complaints in which ecommendations have been made to Ha yana Gove nment fo taking action against the delinquents du ing the pe iod f om 01.04.2013 to 31.03.2014, is appended at Annexure-IV while the Annexure-V deals with the cases pe taining f om 01.04.2013 to 31.03.2014 in which epo ts in te ms of Sec. -
Tentative Seniority List of VLDA's As on 05.07.2018
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY & DAIRYING DEPARTMENT HARYANA Tentative Siniority List of Veterinay Livestock Development Assistant (V.L.D.A.) as on 01-07-2018 Sr. No. Name Father's Name Residential Address Date of Birth Date of Date of entry of Date of Category Remarks Retirement into Service Regularisation by Deptt. / S.S.Board 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 S/Shri S/Shri dd/mm/yy dd/mm/yy dd/mm/yy dd/mm/yy 1 Mohinder Singh Chet Ram Mahoti (PNP) 01-05-1963 30-04-2021 22-10-1981 28.12.1982 General 2 Joginder Singh Rattan Singh Jhajjar 12-03-1963 31-03-2021 23-10-1981 28-12-1982 3 Satyanarian Tek Ram Dhigana(Jind) 05-05-1963 31-05-2021 03-12-1981 28.12.1982 SC 4 Rajbir Singh Dharam Singh Rohtak 25-04-1961 30-04-2019 15-09-1984 15-09-1984 General Entered as class-IV on 9-2-1979 5 Mani Ram Partap Singh Vill. Kharkara, PO. Bhatol 28-08-1961 31-08-2019 02-04-1981 01-11-1986 General Jatan (Hisar) 6 Sishpal Phool Singh Pabra(Hisar) 23-06-1961 30-06-2019 03-04-1981 01-11-1986 General 7 Surajmal Hoshiar Singh Kasandi(Sonepat) 03-05-1962 31-05-2020 03-04-1981 01-11-1986 General 8 Surinder Singh Manphool Singh Kurukshetra 09-03-1962 31-03-2020 06-04-1981 01-11-1986 SC 9 Wazir Singh Chandgi Ram - 03-04-1962 30-04-2020 08-04-1981 01-11-1986 SC 10 Satyavir Singh Bhagat Ram H. -
A Comparative Study of Zamindari, Raiyatwari and Mahalwari Land Revenue Settlements: the Colonial Mechanisms of Surplus Extraction in 19Th Century British India
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (JHSS) ISSN: 2279-0837, ISBN: 2279-0845. Volume 2, Issue 4 (Sep-Oct. 2012), PP 16-26 www.iosrjournals.org A Comparative Study of Zamindari, Raiyatwari and Mahalwari Land Revenue Settlements: The Colonial Mechanisms of Surplus Extraction in 19th Century British India Dr. Md Hamid Husain Guest Faculty, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, India Firoj High Sarwar Research Scholar, Department of History (CAS), AMU, Aligarh, India Abstract: As a colonial mechanism of exploitation the British under East India Company invented and experimented different land revenue settlements in colonized India. Historically, this becomes a major issue of discussion among the scholars in the context of exploitation versus progressive mission in British India. Here, in this paper an attempt has been made to analyze and to interpret the prototype, methods, magnitudes, and far- reaching effects of the three major (Zamindari, Raiytwari and Mahalwari) land revenue settlements in a comparative way. And eventually this paper has tried to show the cause-effects relationship of different modes of revenue assessments, which in turn, how it facilitated Englishmen to provide huge economic vertebrae to the Imperial Home Country, and how it succors in altering Indian traditional society and economic set up. Keywords: Diwani (revenue collection right), Mahal (estate), Potta (lease), Raiyat (peasant), Zamindar (land lord) I. Introduction As agriculture has been the most important economic activity of the Indian people for many centuries and it is the main source of income. Naturally, land revenue management and administration needs a proper care to handle because it was the most important source of income for the state too. -
Common Seniority List As on 01.08.2015 (4612
1/167 Seniority Employee Employees Name Present Place of posting Category DOB Date on Regular Govt. Date of attenting Date of Date of promotion Date of promotion Remarks No. Id Service appointment as 55years superannuation4 as assistant Deputy Supdt. Clerk 1 57105 JAI BHAGWAN DEO BHIWANI BC-A 07/10/1959 09/02/1971 07/10/2014 31/10/2017 WORKING AS SUPDTT 2 65956 KULBHUSHAN DY SUPDT D.E.O (Ambala) (4794) Gen 12/10/1957 14/12/1974 12/10/2012 31/10/2015 18/05/2005 15/09/2011 3 63463 SROJ BALA D.E.O (Sonepat) (4611) GEN 08/07/1958 10/09/1975 08/07/2013 31/07/2016 18/05/2005 15/09/2011 WORKING AS SUPDTT 4 66334 BHARAT BHUSHAN DY DEO SoniPat(4611) GEN 10/12/1958 21/01/1976 10/12/2013 31/12/2016 18/05/2005. 15/09/2011 SUPDTT 5 54204 VINOD KUMAR DEO FARIDABAD GEN 10/12/1957 13/02/1976 10/12/2012 31/12/2015 19/09/2007 26/09/2012 WORKING AS SUPDTT 6 66687 RAJENDER PARSHAD B.E.O (Bhiwani) (5113) GEN 15/07/1958 05/10/1976 15/07/2013 31/07/2016 14/06/2010 ASSISTANT 7 67361 AMARJIT SINGH DY DEO Ambala GEN 02/01/1958 15/09/1977 02/01/2013 31/01/2016 17/01/2008 26/09/2012 SUPDTT 8 66313 RAMESH KUMAR D.E.O (Panchkula) (4142) GEN 22/10/1957 20/09/1977 22/10/2012 31/10/2015 16/06/2010 ASSISTANT 9 40713 RAKESH KUMARI DIET GURGAON GEN 02/11/1958 30/09/1977 02/11/2013 30/11/2016 19/09/2007 26/09/2012 WORKING AS SUPDTT 10 13349 URMILLA DEVI DIET PALLI GEN 02/03/1960 22/12/1977 02/03/2015 31/03/2018 14/06/2010 WORKING AS SUPDTT 11 32664 ASHOK KUMAR Yadav D.E.O (Rewari) (4096) BC-B 17/02/1960 11/01/1978 17/02/2015 28/02/2018 12/06/2012 26/09/2012 WORKING AS SUPDTT -
Land and Property Rights in Pakistan (English)
LAND AND PROPERTY R I G H T S I N PA K I S TA N TRAINING MANUAL March 2012, Islamabad This document has been printed in Islamabad in March, 2012. The document has been produced by UN-Habitat Pakistan. The content of this document can be reproduced, reprinted, and referred to for public awareness if the source is properly credited. Contents Abbreviations i Preface ii Chapter 1: Introduction to Land Administration System 1 Chapter 2: Land Administration System 9 Chapter 3: Basic Record-of-Rights 19 Chapter 4: Sale and Purchase of Property 31 Chapter 5: Inheritance Matters 39 Chapter 6: Making Gifts 49 Chapter 7: Making a Will 61 Chapter 8: How are Property Rights Transferred? 67 Chapter 9: Preemption 79 Chapter 10: Rights and Duties of the Tenants 83 Chapter 11: Easement Rights 99 Chapter 12: Leases 109 Chapter 13: Licenses 119 Chapter 14: Land Reforms 125 Chapter 15: Acquisition of Land by State 133 Chapter 16: Property Rights of Women 145 Chapter 17: Glossary 159 Training Manual: Land and Property Rights in Pakistan Detailed Contents Abbreviations i Preface ii Chapter 1: Introduction to Land Administration System 1 1. Definitions 1 2. Property rights in the constitution 2 3. Legal regime about property rights 3 4. Revenue department 4 5. Categories of land 4 6. Land administration system 7 7. Exercises 7 Chapter 2: Land Administration System 9 1. Territorial division 9 2. Functions of revenue officers 11 Chapter 3: Basic Record-of-Rights 19 1. Introduction 19 2. Basic land record documents 20 3. Manual mode 28 4. -
MUSLIM POLITICAL THOUGHT and ATTITUDE in NORTHERN INDIA DURING the FIRST HALF of the 19Th CENTURY
MUSLIM POLITICAL THOUGHT AND ATTITUDE IN NORTHERN INDIA DURING THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY Being Dissertation submitted in lieu of Papers I & II M.A. Final Examination in Political Science 1965 Under the Supervision of DR. S. A. H. HAQ,Q,UI Professor & Head of the Department of Political Science Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh By TAUFIQ. AHMAD NIZAMI (Roll No. 272) T I o-q I T1097 MUSLIM POLITICAL THOUGHT AND ATTITUDE IN KORTHERN INDIA DURING THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19th century Being Dissertation submitted in lieu of Papers I & II M.A,Final Examination in Political Science 1965 Under the Supervision of Dr.S.A.H.Haqqui Professor & Head of the Department of Political Science Muslim University Aligarh By Taufiq Ahmad Nizami (Roll No. 272) P R s f A C E The first half of the 18th century constitutes a period of great significance in the history of Muslim political thought and institutions in India, It saw the final extinction of the Mughal Empire on the one hand and the emergence of British power as the supplanter of Muslim riile on the other. This situation was a challenge to Muslim political attitude as it had developed during the preceding centuries. The present dissertation is an humble attempt at analysing the basic categories of Muslim political thought and reactions during this period of great political stress and strain. I have made as critical and extensive a use of the litera- txire available on the subject in Arabic, Persian, Urdu and English as the limited time at my disposal permitted. -
List of State Govt Employees Retiring Within One Year
LIST OF STATE EMPLOYEES RETIRING FROM APR 2020 TO MAR 2021 Series - AGRI Ddo Name ASSISTANT PLANT PROTECTION OFFICER, AMBALA Emp Number Emp Name DT_OF_RETIREMENT 9312 JAI SINGH 31/05/2020 Ddo Name ASSISTANT AGRICULTURE ENGINEER, AMBALA Emp Number Emp Name DT_OF_RETIREMENT 6738 SUKHDEV SINGH Ddo Name DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURE, AMBALA Emp Number Emp Name DT_OF_RETIREMENT 7982 SATISH KUMAR 31/12/2020 Ddo Name DISTT FISHERIES OFFICER-CUM-CEO, FISH FARMERS DEV AGENCY, AMBALA Emp Number Emp Name DT_OF_RETIREMENT 8166 RAM NIWAS 31/05/2020 Ddo Name LAND ACQUISITION OFFICER PWD (POWER)HARYANA AMBALA CITY Emp Number Emp Name DT_OF_RETIREMENT 8769 RAM PARSHAD 31/08/2020 Ddo Name DEPUTY DIRECTOR AGRICULTURE, BHIWANI Emp Number Emp Name DT_OF_RETIREMENT 9753 RANVIR SINGH 31/12/2020 10203 KRISHNA DEVI 31/12/2020 Ddo Name SUB DIVISIONAL AGRICULTURE OFFICER, BHIWANI Emp Number Emp Name DT_OF_RETIREMENT 8105 DALIP SINGH 31/07/2020 8399 SATYAWAN 30/04/2020 Ddo Name ASSTT. SOIL CONSERVATION OFFICER, BHIWANI Emp Number Emp Name DT_OF_RETIREMENT 6799 RAMESH KUMAR 31/07/2020 Ddo Name ASSTT AGRICULTURE ENGINEER, BHIWANI Emp Number Emp Name DT_OF_RETIREMENT 7593 SHER SINGH 31/10/2020 Ddo Name DISTT HORTICULTURE OFFICER, BHIWANI Emp Number Emp Name DT_OF_RETIREMENT 6576 WAZIR SINGH 30/04/2020 Ddo Name SUB DIVSIONAL AGRICULTURE OFFICER SIWANI(BHIWANI) Emp Number Emp Name DT_OF_RETIREMENT 8237 BALJEET SINGH 31/05/2020 Ddo Name DIRECTOR E S I HEALTH CARE HARYANA CHANDIGARH Emp Number Emp Name DT_OF_RETIREMENT 8562 CHATTER SINGH 30/09/2020 Ddo Name SUB DIVISIONAL -
LIST of STATE EMPLOYEES RETIRING from JAN 2019 to DEC 2019 1 AGRI Series
LIST OF STATE EMPLOYEES RETIRING FROM JAN 2019 TO DEC 2019 Series - AGRI Ddo Name DISTT HORTICULTURE OFFICER, AMBALA Emp Number Emp Name DT_OF_RETIREMENT 9097 TEJPAL 28/02/2019 Ddo Name SUB DIVISION AGRICUTURE OFFICER, AMBALA Emp Number Emp Name DT_OF_RETIREMENT 9477 SHORAJ SINGH MALIK 31/07/2019 9533 GURDITTA MAL 9628 PALA RAM 30/04/2019 Ddo Name DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURE, AMBALA Emp Number Emp Name DT_OF_RETIREMENT 8050 PARDEEP KUMAR 30/04/2019 Ddo Name SOIL SURVEY OFFICER, AMBALA Emp Number Emp Name DT_OF_RETIREMENT 6344 BHAGAT SINGH 10098 SUNITA KUMARI 31/08/2019 Ddo Name DISTT FISHERIES OFFICER-CUM-CEO, FISH FARMERS DEV AGENCY, AMBALA Emp Number Emp Name DT_OF_RETIREMENT 5580 RAJENDER KUMAR Ddo Name HYDROLOGIST GROUND WATER CELL, AMBALA Emp Number Emp Name DT_OF_RETIREMENT 6569 BAHADUR SINGH Ddo Name DEPUTY DIRECTOR AGRICULTURE, BHIWANI Emp Number Emp Name DT_OF_RETIREMENT 6525 RAM NIWAS Ddo Name ASSTT / DISTT SOIL CONSERVATION OFFICER, BHIWANI Emp Number Emp Name DT_OF_RETIREMENT 9835 TARA CHAND 28/02/2019 Ddo Name ASSTT PLANT PROTECTION OFFICER, BHIWANI Emp Number Emp Name DT_OF_RETIREMENT 8379 SUNIL KUMAR 31/10/2019 Ddo Name ASSTT AGRICULTURE ENGINEER, BHIWANI Emp Number Emp Name DT_OF_RETIREMENT 8031 JANGBIR SINGH 28/02/2019 8075 RADHEY SHYAM 31/12/2019 Ddo Name DISTT HORTICULTURE OFFICER, BHIWANI Emp Number Emp Name DT_OF_RETIREMENT 8447 MAHIPAL 30/09/2019 Ddo Name ASSTT SOIL CONSERVATION OFFICER, CHARKHI DADRI Emp Number Emp Name DT_OF_RETIREMENT 8257 HARVIR SINGH 30/04/2019 Ddo Name SUB DIVISIONAL AGRICULTURE OFFICER, CHARKHI DADRI Emp Number Emp Name DT_OF_RETIREMENT 8704 SATYA PAL SINGH 31/12/2019 Ddo Name SUB DIVSIONAL AGRICULTURE OFFICER SIWANI(BHIWANI) Emp Number Emp Name DT_OF_RETIREMENT 8176 JAIPAN SINGH 31/12/2019 1 LIST OF STATE EMPLOYEES RETIRING FROM JAN 2019 TO DEC 2019 Series - AGRI Ddo Name DY. -
Political Economy of Idenity Formation, 1890- 1910: Class and Community in Colonial Punjab
Political Economy of Idenity Formation, 1890- 1910: Class and Community in Colonial Punjab * Haider Ali Agha Abstract This paper analyses the rise of Muslim communal consciousness from the perspective of class conflict between different religious communities of this region. Punjab, being a Muslim majority province of British India, had agricultural and pastoral economy, notwithstanding the fact that colonial projects such as building of railways and canal colonies later radically altered pre-capitalist economic structure. British political and legal institutions along with these projects played a role in shaping and formation of group identity although it could not transform the consciousness which was distinctive of agrarian-pastoral society. The kind of nationalism which originated and developed on soil of the Punjab was professedly of religious nature. In the social milieu, rival religious communities vied for political and economic dominance. This paper seeks to explore the relation between class interest of landed elites and Muslim nationalist consciousness. The idea of religious nationalism, both among Hindus and Muslims, was developed and exploited by powerful elites representing economic interests of different classes to strengthen their political position in the Punjab. The paper also analyses how economic structure built by colonial state sharpened the antagonism between social classes of Muslim and non-Muslim 106 Pakistan Vision Vol. 17 No. 2 communities which eventually led to idea of Muslim separatism in the Punjab. Introduction This rise and growth of consciousness of Muslims as a distinct community in the Punjab has been a focus of researches by eminent native and foreign historians. Most of those, who conducted the research on this area, have either studied this phenomenon as the product of pre-existing communal fault lines or from a perspective of colonial policy of divide et impera.