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ASSISTANT DEPUTY MINISTER (REVIEW SERVICES) Reviewed by ADM(RS) in accordance with the Access to Information Act. Information UNCLASSIFIED. Evaluation of Land Readiness November 2016 1258-228 (ADM(RS)) Reviewed by ADM(RS) in accordance with the Access to Information Act. Information UNCLASSIFIED Evaluation of Land Readiness Final – November 2016 Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations ...................................................................................... ii Executive Summary ..................................................................................................... iv 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Context for the Evaluation .................................................................................. 1 1.2 Program Profile .................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Evaluation Scope ................................................................................................. 5 2.0 Findings and Recommendations ........................................................................... 7 2.1 Relevance—Continued Need .............................................................................. 7 2.2 Relevance—Alignment with Federal Roles and Responsibilities.................... 9 2.3 Relevance—Alignment with Government Priorities ....................................... 10 2.4 Performance—Achievement of Expected Outcomes (Effectiveness) ........... 11 2.5 Performance—Demonstration of Efficiency and Economy ........................... 29 Annex A—Management Action Plan ........................................................................ A-1 Annex B—Evaluation Methodology and Limitations ............................................. B-1 Annex C—Logic Model ............................................................................................. C-1 Annex D—Evaluation Matrix .................................................................................... D-1 Annex E—Key Training Elements of the Land Readiness Program and CA Organizations ............................................................................................................. E-1 Annex F—Comparative Analysis .............................................................................. F-1 ADM(RS) i/viii Reviewed by ADM(RS) in accordance with the Access to Information Act. Information UNCLASSIFIED Evaluation of Land Readiness Final – November 2016 Acronyms and Abbreviations ADM(IE) Assistant Deputy Minister (Infrastructure and Environment) ADM(IM) Assistant Deputy Minister (Information Management) ADM(Mat) Assistant Deputy Minister (Material) AEV Armoured Engineering Vehicle ARCG Arctic Response Company Group ARV Armoured Recovery Vehicle BG Battle Group Bde Brigade BCT Brigade Combat Team [U.S. Army] Bn Battalion CA Canadian Army CAX Computer Assisted Exercise CBG Canadian Brigade Group (Res F) CCA Commander Canadian Army CDS Chief of the Defence Staff CJOC Canadian Joint Operations Command CMBG Canadian Mechanize Brigade Group (Reg F) CMTC Canadian Manoeuvre Training Centre CPX Command Post Exercise CT Collective Training DGLEPM Director General Land Equipment Program Management FG Force Generation FTE Full Time Employee FoV Family of Vehicles FP&R Force Posture and Readiness FY Fiscal Year HR High Readiness HQ Headquarters IRU Immediate Response Unit IT Individual Training LR Land Readiness ADM(RS) ii/viii Reviewed by ADM(RS) in accordance with the Access to Information Act. Information UNCLASSIFIED Evaluation of Land Readiness Final – November 2016 MR Maple Resolve (HR confirmation exercise) MRP Managed Readiness Plan O&M Operations and Maintenance (budget) Op Operation PAA Program Activity Architecture RCAF Royal Canadian Air Force RCN Royal Canadian Navy RP Real Property RTHR Road to High Readiness TBG Territorial Battalion Group (Res F) TF Task Force VOR Vehicle Off-road Rate WoG Whole of Government ADM(RS) iii/viii Reviewed by ADM(RS) in accordance with the Access to Information Act. Information UNCLASSIFIED Evaluation of Land Readiness Final – November 2016 Executive Summary This report presents the results of the evaluation of the Land Readiness Program conducted by the Overall Assessment Assistant Deputy Minister (Review Services) (ADM(RS)). This evaluation is a component of the • There is an ongoing need for the Department of National Defence (DND)/Canadian Land Readiness Program that is Armed Forces (CAF) Five-Year Evaluation Plan the foundation of the Canadian (FY 2013-14 to 2017-18). The Treasury Board (TB) Army. The program is aligned with Policy on Evaluation (2009) was rescinded 1 July the roles, responsibilities and 2016 and replaced by the new Policy on Results. priorities of the federal Since the Policy on Results was only effective as of 1 government and the DND/CAF. July 2016, this evaluation was carried out in • The CA Regular Force (Reg F) has accordance with the Policy on Evaluation. As per the been able to meet its readiness former TB policy, the evaluation examines the requirements, and has relevance and performance of the Land Readiness demonstrated its effectiveness Program from FY 2010-11 to 2014-15. across the full spectrum of operations ranging from disaster Program Description relief to combat. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The Land Readiness Program is the responsibility of | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | the Canadian Army (CA). The CA’s mission is to provide the Government of Canada with combat- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | capable, multi-purpose land forces. This program will | | | | | | | | | | generate and sustain scalable, agile, responsive, • The CA Reserves are | | | | | | | | | | | | combat capable land forces that are effective across | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | the spectrum of conflict, from peacekeeping and | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | nation building to war fighting. This is accomplished | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | by bringing land Forces to a state of readiness for | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | operations, assembling and organizing land | | | | | | personnel, supplies, and materiel as well as the • The Land Readiness Program is provision of individual and collective training to assessed to be operating in an prepare land forces to defend Canadian interests economical manner as it identifies domestically, continentally and internationally.1 efficiencies to preserve its ability Annual program expenditures are in excess of $3 to sustain operational readiness. billion.2 1 The Department of National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces 2013-14 Departmental Performance Report, p.61. 2 Ibid, p. 24. ADM(RS) iv/viii Reviewed by ADM(RS) in accordance with the Access to Information Act. Information UNCLASSIFIED Evaluation of Land Readiness Final – November 2016 Relevance The evaluation determined that there was a continued need to generate and employ land forces, which is the CA, as the CAF’s lead element across the full spectrum of land operations ranging from domestic humanitarian and disaster relief to international combat missions. The Land Readiness Program is aligned with federal government and departmental roles and responsibilities within the National Defence Act. As well, the CA has made a significant contribution to the federal government and departmental priorities of defending Canada, protecting Canadians at home and abroad, and making a highly visible and significant contribution to a safer and more secure world. Performance The Land Readiness Program has consistently delivered well trained and prepared CA elements when assigned to operations ranging from domestic relief or security operations, to international combat missions as evidenced by their performance. That said, the | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | such as the combat mission in Afghanistan and deploying Forces to a crisis elsewhere in the world for shorter periods of time, including the current CAF operations in Eastern Europe. To date the CA has always been able to meet their operational demands. Land Readiness Program expenditures, along with the Defence budget, have declined over the period of the evaluation, with the exception of FY 2011-12, when the land and other readiness programs received additional funding. In the case of the CA, the increase reflected a peak in activity as it transitioned from the Afghanistan combat mission in Kandahar to the training mission in Kabul. Overall, the land readiness budget declined over the period FY 2011-12 to 2013-14, forcing the CA to seek economies and efficiencies to meet the land readiness requirements prescribed in the Chief of Defence Staff’s Force Posture and Readiness (FP&R) directives. A key element of this was revising the readiness cycle for the three principle CA divisions and their respective Reg F Canadian Mechanized Brigade Groups (CMBGs) from the 18 month cycle employed during Afghanistan operations to a post-Afghanistan cycle of 36 months. As well, commanders