Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1987 Twenty Chinese Instruments and "Concerto East and West." (Original Composition). Wayne Yunwei Chow Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Chow, Wayne Yunwei, "Twenty Chinese Instruments and "Concerto East and West." (Original Composition)." (1987). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 4391. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/4391 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. For example: • Manuscript pages may have indistinct print. In such cases, the best available copy has been filmed. • Manuscripts may not always be complete. In such cases, a note will indicate that it is not possible to obtain missing pages. • Copyrighted material may have been removed from the manuscript. In such cases, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is also filmed as one exposure and is available, for an additional charge, as a standard 35mm slide or as a 17”x 23” black and white photographic print. Most photographs reproduce acceptably on positive microfilm or microfiche but lack the clarity on xerographic copies made from the microfilm. For an additional charge, 35mm slides of 6”x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography. Order Number 8728187 Twenty Chinese instruments and Concerto East and West. [Original composition] Chow, Wayne Yunwei, D.M.A. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical Col., 10S7 U M I 300 N. Zccb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 4H106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V 1. G lossy p hotograp hs or p a g e s ______ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print _______ 3. Photographs with dark background _____ 4. Illustrations are poor copy _______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy _______ 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of p age ________ 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages j/ 6. Print exceeds margin requirements ______ 9. Tightly bound c o p y with print lost in s p in e _________ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print _______ 11. Page(s) ______________lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s) ______________seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages _______ 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed as received ___________ 16. Other University Microfilms International TWENTY CHINESE INSTRUMENTS AND CONCERTO EAST AND WEST A Dissertation Submitted to the Gradute Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Musical Arts in The School of Music by Wayne Yunuei Chow B.M., Pittsburg State University, 1983 M.M., Pittsburg State University, 1984 August 1987 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to express his sincere appreciation to Dr. Dinos Constantinides, author's major professor, to Dr. Wallace Mckenzie, professor of music history, and to each member of author's examining committee. Gratitude Is also given to the following people who are very helpful and have influence on this wri ting: Mr. John Mnckay Mr. Richard Cook Mr. Zhang Naicheng The author also wishes to take this opportunity to thank a very special couple, the author's uncle and aunt, Dr. Stanley and Ann Chow for their great moral and financial support. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES .. .......................................... v LIST OF FIGURES ........................................... vi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ....................................... vll ABSTRACT ..................................................... vill PART I. TWENTY CHINESE INSTRUMENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................. 2 Chap ter I. WIND INSTRUMENTS .................................... 6 Di-zl Suo-na Guan-zI Sheng II. PLUCKED STRING INSTRUMENTS .......................... 23 Pl-pa Llu-qin Yue-q in Ruan San-xlan Yang-qin Zheng III. BOWED STRING INSTRUMENTS ........................... 45 Er-hu Gao-hu Zhong-hu Da-hu Dl-hu IV. PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS .............................. 51 Ban Gu Bo Luo lit Page V. ORCHESTRA 62 PART II. CONCERTO EAST AND WEST LIST OF INSTRUMENTS ......................................... 68 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS ...................................... 70 SEATING ARRANGEMENT ......................................... 71 INTRODUCTION ................................................. 72 MUSIC SCORE .................................................. 73 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................. 158 APPENDIX ..................................................... 159 GLOSSARY ..................................................... 163 lv LIST OF TABLES Page 1. Range and Keys of Di-zi ................................ 10 2. Pi-pa Symbols ........................................... 27 3. Tunings and Ranges of Ruan ............................. 33 4. Yang-qin ................................................ 37 5. The Range of Pai-gu ..................................... 56 6. Number of Each Instrument In Chinese Orchestras ........ 64 v LIST OF FIGURES Page 1. The Fourteen-huang Sheng in D ........................... 19 2. The Thirteen-huang Sheng In D ........................... 19 3. The Twenty-four-huaog Sheng.............................. 20 4. The thirty-six-huang Sheng ............................. 21 5. Er-hu S true true....... ................................... 47 6. Shlmian-luo ............................................. 59 7. Yun-luo (Yuzhou Kaige) ................................... 60 8. Yun-luo (JiangjuniIng) .................................. 61 vl LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page 1. Di-zl ................................................... 8 2. Suo-na .................................................. 13 3. Guan-zl ................................................. 15 4. Sheng .................................................... 17 5. Alto Sheng .............................................. 17 6. Bass Sheng .............................................. 17 7. Pat Sheng ............................................... 17 8. Pl-pa .................................................... 24 9. Llu-qin ................................................. 29 10. Yue-qin ................................................. 31 11. Ruan .................................................... 33 12. San-xian ................................................ 34 13. Yang-qin ................................................ 36 14. Zheng ................................................... 41 15. Er-hu ................................................... 46 16 . Dage-hu .................. 50 17. Dl-hu ................................................... 50 18. Ban ........................... 53 19. Gu ...................................................... 55 20. Bo ...................................................... 57 21. Luo ........................ 58 v 1 i ABSTRACT The first part of this dissertation describes twenty Chinese muslc Instruments which appear to be the most popular Instruments of the Han national people of China (China has fifty-six nationalities and Han Is the majority). The reason for selecting these twenty, ou t of more than two hundred Chinese Ins truments existing today, Is that they are the basic Instruments of a modern Chinese orchestra. Instruments selected are the following Di-zi, Suo-na, Guan-zl, and Sheng from the wind family; Pl-pa, Llu-qin, Yue-qln, Ran, San-xlan, Yang-qln, and Zheng from the plucked string family (all strings are divided Into two categorle strings which are plucked by fingers or struck by hammers, and strings which are played by a bow); Ban, Gu, Bo, and Luo from the percussion family; and Er-hu, Gao-hu, Zhong-hu, Da-hu, and Dl-hu from the bowed string family. Each instrument Is approched from Its historical, structural, notatlonal and Idiomatic point of view, together with an Illustration. The second part Is an original musical composition of the author, entitled Concerto East And West. It is written for two orchestras In the concertato style. Orchestra I is a medium sized Chinese ensemble employing nine different instruments described in part one, Including the Di-zi, Suo-na, Pi-pa, San-xian, Gao-hu, Er-hu, Zhong-hu, Dage-hu, and Di-hu. Orchestra II is a Western symphony orchestra. The composition is composed In a single movement. All themes are original and tonal. Besides these tonal themes there