MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

The Mississippi River Commission (MRC) was improvements to include levees, headwater reservoirs, created by an act of Congress on June 28, 1879. The and pumping stations that maximize the benefits Flood Control Act of May 15, 1928, authorized the realized on the main stem by expanding flood Flood Control, Mississippi River and Tributaries protection coverage and improving drainage into (MR&T) Project. The Commission consists of three adjacent areas within the alluvial valley. officers of the Corps of Engineers, one from the former Coast and Geodetic Survey (presently the National Since its initiation, the MR&T project has brought Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), and three an unprecedented degree of flood protection to the civilians, two of whom must be civil engineers. All approximate 4 million people living in the members are appointed by the President with the advice 35,000-square-mile project area within the lower and consent of the Senate. Mississippi Valley. The Nation has contributed more than $13 billion toward the planning, construction, The MRC has a proud heritage that dates back to operation, and maintenance of the project. To date, the June 28, 1879. Congress established the seven-member Nation has received a 27 to 1 return on that investment, presidential Commission with the mission to transform including $360 billion in flood damages prevented. the Mississippi River into a reliable commercial artery, while protecting adjacent towns and fertile agricultural The MRC continued its 130-year process of lands from destructive floods. The 1879 legislation that listening to the concerns of partners and stakeholders in created MRC granted the body extensive planning the Mississippi valley, inspecting the challenges posed authority and jurisdiction on the Mississippi River by the river, and partnering to find sustainable stretching from its headwaters at Lake Itasca to the engineering solutions to those challenges through the Head of Passes, near its mouth at the Gulf of Mexico. 2010 High-Water Inspection (382d Session of MRC), The MRC quickly assumed the role of an active Federal the 2010 Low-Water Inspection (383d Session), and a agent capable of transcending the regional issues that special session at the Office of the President to consider had previously hampered the development of a more ecosystem restoration projects in the Louisiana Coastal effective river improvement system. The Commission Area (384th Session). During the fiscal year, MRC began improving the navigation channel to promote listened to, inspected alongside, partnered, and commerce, setting standards for levee construction, and evaluated engineering solutions with more than holding public hearings to give local interests a greater 1,500 stakeholders, state representatives, non- voice in shaping Federal policy. government organization representatives, and local interests. The official record of the Proceedings of In its current capacity, the MRC prosecutes the MRC, complete with recorded hearings of public MR&T project authorized by the 1928 Flood Control meetings, copies of signed formal statements provided Act. The MRC is focused on watershed priorities and by the public, executive summaries of the Proceedings, is carrying out a 200-year working vision. and other documents of significance, are kept on file in the Office of the President in Vicksburg, Mississippi. The MR&T project employs a variety of engineering techniques, including an extensive levee The mission of MRC includes balancing the system to prevent disastrous overflows on developed requirements of flood control, navigation and the alluvial lands; floodways to safely divert excess flows environment by providing water resource engineering past critical reaches so that the levee system will not be direction and policy advice to the Administration, unduly stressed; channel improvements and Congress, and the Army in a drainage basin that stabilization features to protect the integrity of flood comprises 41% of the United States and parts of two control measures and ensure proper alignment and Canadian provinces, and leads sustainable management depth of the navigation channel; and tributary basin and development of water and related resources for the Nation’s benefit and the people's well-being.

 Authorizing legislation (Tables 41-D and 41-E) is listed at the end of this chapter. All other tables are referenced in text and also appear at the end of the chapter.

41-1 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

The MRC is charged, under direction of the Secretary of the Army and supervision of the Chief of Engineers, with prosecution of improvements for flood control of the Mississippi River and its tributaries and outlets in its alluvial valley, so far as they are affected by Mississippi River backwater, between Head of Passes , LA (mile 0), and Cape Girardeau, MO (1,006 miles AHP-Lower Mississippi mileage termi- nates at mile 954 AHP), and with prosecution of improvements in the interest of navigation between Cairo, IL (954 miles AHP), and Baton Rouge, LA (234 miles AHP); and for stabilization of the lower 7 miles of the right bank of the Ohio River, to former The basin drains 41% of the US: - 31 States, mouth of Cache River. It also is charged with prosecu- 2 Canadian Providences tion of certain flood control works on the Mississippi River and tributaries, as far as they are affected by backwater, between Cape Girardeau and Rock Island, - Since August 1997, MRC has resumed its IL (1,437 miles AHP), and with prosecution of inspection of upper Mississippi River. The improvements on designated tributaries and outlets Commission conducted a listening and below Cape Girardeau for flood control, navigation, inspection tour of the Ohio River Basin in major drainage, and related water uses. Authorized 2005, the Missouri River Basin in 2007, the operations of MRC below Cape Girardeau are Illinois River Watershed in 2009, and the conducted by District Engineers of New Orleans, Arkansas River Basin in 2010, all in an effort Vicksburg, Memphis, and St. Louis Districts within the to share and learn from experiences from the areas described below, in accordance with approved watershed management of those tributary directives and programs and congressional basins. appropriations therefore.

- Stakeholders and the public have requested 382d Session of MRC MRC involvement in major studies and projects. The MRC conducted its 382d Session during April 11-16, 2010, onboard the Motor Vessel (MV) - For projects and studies that require a broad MISSISSIPPI en route from Cairo, IL, to Baton Rouge, watershed approach with multiple levels of LA, as part of the annual High-Water Inspection trip. interest, MRC’s authorities, resources, and The Commission held public hearings at Cairo, relationships continue to prove effective. Memphis, Natchez, and Baton Rouge. The purpose of the meetings is to maintain a dialog and exchange ideas The MRC provides a valuable forum, voice, and and viewpoints with the public. This process allows the partner for diverse interests throughout the basin; public a greater voice in shaping Federal policy on the implementation oversight for a range of water resource river. More than 220 members of the public attended activities and comprehensive management of the the public meetings. MR&T project; an established record of expertise and accomplishment; a clear charter that includes the entire The Members of MRC present during the 382d watershed; an avenue to task U.S. Army Corps and Session included: MG Michael J. Walsh, who assumed National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration command as Commander, Mississippi Valley Division, (NOAA) for equipment and personnel; and working and President Designee of MRC on February 20, 2008; relationships with the Chief of Engineers, the Assistant Mr. Sam E. Angel, reappointed as a member on Secretary of the Army for Civil Works (ASA(CW)), and November 15, 1999; Mr. R. D. James, civil engineer, Congress to address challenges and make reappointed as a member on April 16, 2003; improvements in the watershed. Mr. William Clifford Smith, civil engineer, appointed

41-2 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

October 22, 1998; and RADM Jonathan Bailey, NOAA, by the presenters included Federal Emergency serving as a member designee since October 6, 2007. Management Agency (FEMA) flood zone mapping, MG John Peabody, member designee and Commander, levee certification, the St. Johns Bayou – New Madrid Great Lakes and Ohio River Division since August 4, Floodway project, the need harbor dredging and 2008, and BG John McMahon, member designee and maintenance supported by sufficient appropriations, and Commander, Northwestern Division since a host of needed repairs and maintenance items. November 20, 2010, were unable to attend. Following the meeting, the Commission traveled to the COL George T. Shepard, Jr., served as secretary of the MR&T mainline levee at Hickman, KY, for an onsite commission, which is a nonvoting position. briefing and discussion of the Corps of Engineers levee safety policy. The onsite briefing not only clarified the On Sunday, April 11, COL Thomas Smith, differences between the evaluations and the periodic Commander of the Memphis District, provided a inspections, but gave the Commission a better detailed briefing on the status, schedules, and issues understanding of the complexities involved with the with regard to American Recovery and Reinvestment levee evaluation criteria used in the levee safety Act (ARRA) and MR&T projects within his area of program. The Corps role in FEMA’s National Flood operations. COL Smith reported that of the 92 ARRA Insurance Program has evolved from providing projects in the Memphis District, all have contracts assurances that levees are high enough to withstand a awarded and 38 projects were completed. He also 100-year event to preparing evaluation reports that informed the Commission that the deconstruction of the require more extensive hydraulic, geotechnical and St. Johns Bayou – New Madrid Floodway project structural analysis. would be complete by October 2010. In the meantime, the District has commenced with preparing additional More than 70 members of the public attended the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) analysis Commission’s public meeting at Memphis on Tuesday, that will be accomplished in four phases: review of April 13. Issues and concerns discussed by the past NEPA documentation, development of a project presenters included FEMA flood zone mapping, levee work plan, a draft Environmental Impact Statement certification, dredging in the Memphis port, aquifer (EIS), and a final EIS. The review of NEPA depletion, and the East Arkansas Enterprise documentation was completed in January 2010, the Community. draft project work plan completed in February, and the Notice of Intent to prepare an EIS was published in the While traveling down the river on the Federal Register on April 6, 2010. The current MV MISSISSIPPI, the Commission discussed and schedule for completion of all four phases is December received status updates on a number of ongoing 2012. COL Smith also informed the members that the Commission initiatives and related items to include the U.S. Engineer Research and Development Center Memorandum of Understanding with Mekong River (ERDC) received funding to continue the fish passage Commission, the Upper Mississippi River study through the existing St. Johns Bayou gravity Comprehensive Plan for flood control, the draft outlet structure and that the District is coordinating with Executive Order for flood plain management, the use of representatives from The Nature Conservancy and U.S. diversions in coastal Louisiana, and the Section 108 Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) involved with the Missouri River Authorized Purposes Study. Emiquon Wildlife Refuge project, where similar structures are being used to allow fish passage. The On Wednesday, April 14, COL Jeffrey Eckstein, Commission recommended this cooperation in its report Commander of the Vicksburg District, updated the covering the 381st session after a tour of the project Commission on the status of the District’s funding during its inspection of the Illinois River. trends, to include ARRA funding. COL Eckstein briefed the members on a number of MR&T related On Monday, April 12, the Commission held a issues and projects within his area of operations, public meeting in Cairo with approximately 45 including funding for MR&T and O&M port members of the public in attendance. Issues discussed maintenance and dredging, an update on MR&T levee

41-3 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

construction and levee slide repair, status of levee in LRD and how they impact the MR&T project, water system evaluation reports, the Yazoo Basin control modernization efforts, and the update to the Reformulation Study, Upper Yazoo projects, and the lower Ohio/Mississippi River flood control manual. Ouachita Basin levees. COL Eckstein also updated the The New Orleans District staff also provided the Commission on data collection on streamflow, rainfall Commission with a brief interim status update on events, floods, and other hydrologic information being current and future of co-located Mississippi River gathered in the valley. Levees and Hurricane Storm Damage Risk Reduction System projects and a briefing on 2011 considerations Upon arriving at the Vicksburg riverfront, the for HSDRRS certification. Commission traveled to the ERDC for a series of informative briefings. Dr. Beth Fleming, Director of Fifty-five members of the public attended the the Environmental Laboratory, provided an overview of public meeting in Baton Rouge on Friday, April 16. the purpose and impact of environmental studies being Presenters at the hearing discussed a broad array of done in support of MVD activities in south Louisiana. topics that centered on the need for the Morganza to the Bruce Ebersole, ERDC Chief of the Flood and Storm Gulf project, coastal restoration through Mississippi Protection Division, discussed Coastal and Hydraulic River diversions, aquifer depletion, sediment loads, Laboratory activities in south Louisiana and an increased costs of dredging, and the need to maintain overview of the West Bay diversion investigation. deep draft navigation. Dr. Barb Kleiss, Director of the Louisiana Coastal Authority Science and Technology Office, updated the Following the public meeting, the Commission Commission on the topic of Mississippi River traveled Louisiana State University for a series of diversions and plans for the Mississippi Hydro Study. presentations from representatives of the Department of The Commission followed with a tour of the Lake Oceanography and Coastal Sciences and the Borgne and Seabrooke physical models at ERDC. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Topics addressed during the presentation included On Thursday, April 15, approximately 50 members challenges involving sediment, sea level changes, and of the public attended the Commission’s public meeting subsidence; modeling river diversions and wetland at historic Natchez. Issues and concerns discussed by erosion; and the link between science, engineering, and the presenters included dredging and maintenance design. problems regarding the Ouachita River Navigation Project, Ouachita River levees, levee certification, 383d Session of MRC MR&T levee repairs and needs, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) veto of the Yazoo Backwater The management of the major subbasins Project, small harbor dredging, and coastal restoration comprising the Mississippi watershed directly impacts in Mississippi and Louisiana. the operations and decisions of the Mississippi River Commission in prosecuting the MR&T project. In Following the public meeting, COL Alvin Lee, 1997, the Commission extended the outreach of its Commander of the New Orleans District, briefed the time-tested process of listing, inspecting, and partnering Commission on the status, schedules, and issues by meeting face-to-face with stakeholders, Federal relating to MR&T General Investigations, feasibility agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and local studies, and construction projects within his area of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers offices in the upper operations, as well as non-MR&T items such as the Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, Illinois, Arkansas, and Red IHNC Lock, Mississippi River dredging, and ecosystem River Basins to better understand the concerns, issues, restoration. The Commission also received a briefing and impacts on the watershed as a whole. The on the New Orleans Disitrct’s practices and efforts with Commission reviewed and inspected the upper the beneficial use of dredged material. Deborah Lee, Mississippi River Basin 10 times between 1997 and Chief of Water Management Division, for the Great 2008, the Ohio River Basin in 2005, the Missouri River Lakes and Ohio River Division, provided the Basin in 2007, the Illinois River Basin in 2009, and the Commission a detailed briefing covering dam safety in Arkansas-White Basin in 2010. These reviews aid the the Cumberland River system, flood control operations Commission in its attempt to garner popular support for a working 200-year vision—an intergenerational commitment—for America’s watershed.

41-4 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

The 2010 visit to the Arkansas-White Basin was a COL Thomas Kula, the Southwest Division historic first. For nearly 100 years, the Commission has Commander, welcomed the Commission to the basin supervised levee and revetment operations on the lower and introduced COL Michael Teague and COL Glen 92 miles of the Arkansas River under the authority of Masset, Commanders of the Tulsa and Little Rock the 1916 Rivers and Harbors Act, but it had not Districts, respectively. COL Teague and COL Masset completed a system-wide inspection of the watershed provided an overview of the operations in their until the 383d session. Stakeholders in the region perspective districts and shared various issues that they warmly welcomed the Commission’s presence in the anticipated the local stakeholders would likely discuss Arkansas-White Basin. Basin stakeholders and Corps of with the Commission. Engineers staff commented repeatedly that the Commission’s presence in the basin and the publicity On Monday, August 9, the Commission continued that came as a part of the historic trip helped to engaging with regional stakeholders from the shipping, reconnect people with the river and, as a result, transportation, and hydropower industries. A panel of provided impetus for further engagement between the representatives from businesses and industries that rely public and the Federal and state stewards of the river. on the major commodities shipped on the McClellan- More than 500 members of the public visited and Kerr navigation system followed by presenting their toured the MV MISSISSIPPI, the flagship of the perspectives on the significance of the system to the Mississippi River Commission, as it traveled upriver in economic well-being to the region and the system’s advance of the inspection trip in preparation to receive interconnectedness with other inland waterways and the Commission and transport the members and staff to other forms of intermodal transportation. A second the Mississippi River. Hundreds more lined up at the panel consisting of representatives from the Corps of lock and dam structures to view the MV MISSISSIPPI Engineers and the river transportation industry briefed as the vessel returned downstream. During the trip, the the Commission on the reliability and sustainability of Commission engaged with, listened to, and shared the McClellan-Kerr system. A third panel, comprised information with more than 1,000 stakeholders and of hydropower industry representatives, briefed the partners from Tulsa, Oklahoma, to Rosedale, Commission on power generation operations on the Mississippi. McClellan-Kerr system. A fourth panel discussed the Panama Canal expansion currently underway and the The 383d Session of the Commission commenced expected impacts to the domestic inland waterway. on August 8 at the northernmost point of navigation on the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation On Tuesday, August 10, COL Teague and System—the Tulsa Port of Catoosa on the Verdigris COL Masset briefed the Commission on the concept of River. The members of the Mississippi River the ―Northern Alliance‖—the system approach Commission present during the inspection of the employed by the Tulsa and Little Rock Districts to Arkansas-White Basin were MG Michael Walsh, Hon. manage the Arkansas River as one system. Through the Sam E. Angel, Hon. R. D. James, and Hon. William Northern Alliance, the two districts share people, Clifford Smith. RADM Jonathan Bailey, MG John equipment, and resources. Channel maintenance, lock Peabody, and BG John McMahon were unable to maintenance, and budgetary items are prioritized as a attend. COL George T. Shepard served as the system and executed jointly by the two districts. The nonvoting Secretary of the Commission. districts placed the Northern Alliance concept into practice in 2004, and stakeholders have indicated that On Sunday, August 8, the port director of the Port they have seen a noticeable improvement in the overall of Catoosa guided the Commission on a tour of the management of the system as a result. 3,000-acre facility. The Commission was very impressed by the tour of this well-managed facility. The Western Arkansas Regional Intermodal The facility’s board of directors have set aside land for Transportation authority briefed the Commission on the a future container-on-barge facility as an example of short- and long-term goals and projects in western forward thinking. The Commission recognized that the Arkansas to promote economic development in the Port of Catoosa can serve as a model for other inland region through intermodal rail, truck, and river port facilities across the Nation. Following the tour, transportation. The Commission also received briefings

41-5 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

covering cooperative efforts by the Fayetteville Shale program, and the situation at the Arkansas-White cutoff Task Force to allow natural gas restoration without region. A representative from FWS briefed the harming clear water streams and wetlands, the Arkansas members on the Three-Rivers Study (Arkansas, White, Department of Natural Resources state water plans, Mississippi) as a possible solution to the Arkansas- Arkansas Tech University achievements in restoring White cutoff. interior least tern habitat along the river, and Arkansas Game and Fish Commission improvements to fisheries The arrival of the MV MISSISSIPPI at Lock and habitat and the control of invasive species. Dam No. 4 effectively ended the inspection of the Arkansas-White Basin in process, if not in geography. On Wednesday, August 11, U.S. Congressman John While technically inside the Southwestern Division area Boozman (AR-3), the ranking minority member on the of river operations, the Commission transitioned to its Water Resources and Environment subcommittee on the traditional low-water inspection processes for the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, and MR&T project. A representative from FEMA Region 6 representatives from the offices of U.S. Senator briefed the Commission and stakeholders on the levee Blanche Lincoln of Arkansas and U.S. Congressman certification and accreditation process to include how Vic Snyder (AR-2) boarded the MV MISSISSIPPI. levee systems are analyzed and mapped from a national Congressman Boozman briefly addressed the perspective. FEMA defined the responsibilities of the stakeholders onboard and, like the Commission, spent agency, the Corps, and levee owners. the day listening and partnering with stakeholders. COL Jeffrey Eckstein, Commander of the A panel of stakeholders briefed the Commission on Vicksburg District, briefed the Commission on the economic development opportunities in the State of status of MR&T-related projects within his area of Arkansas. The Arkansas Waterways Commission operations to include dredging, levee construction and described its mission to protect and develop the five slide repairs, national flood insurance program major rivers in the state—the Arkansas, White, Red, evaluation reports, the Delta Headwaters Project, and Ouachita, and Mississippi Rivers. The Arkansas several Yazoo Basin projects and studies. Economic Development Commission discussed the COL Eckstein also informed the Commission that funds strategic plan to bring jobs to the state. Energy from the ARRA were having a direct impact on MR&T producers discussed clean energy options and the construction in the Vicksburg District. resultant economic opportunities in the state. Municipal, county, and state elected officials described On Friday, August 13, the Commission held a the impact of the McClellan-Kerr navigation system on public meeting at Rosedale with more than 50 members local economies. In the afternoon, a separate panel of the public in attendance. The presenters represented briefed the Commission on recreation and tourism not only Mississippi River interests, but also the opportunities along the Arkansas River system. Ouachita, Red, Tensas, and Arkansas Basins. The majority of the discussion centered on the maintenance On Thursday, August 12, representatives from the dredging funding for small ports and harbors and the offices of U.S. Congressman Mike Ross (AR-4) and reduction of O&M funding levels for dredging in the U.S. Senator Blanche Lincoln boarded the Administration’s proposed FY 2011 budget. Several MV MISSISSIPPI and joined the Commission for a presenters drew attention to their concerns with regard guided waterborne tour of the Little Rock Port. to levee certification, changes in the levee rating system Afterwards, a panel of stakeholders expressed their during the Corps of Engineers inspection process, and desire to preserve the heritage of the river in the form of continued apprehension with the note accompanying a museum or visitor center that would tell the story of shaded zone X on FEMA maps. The Commission also the people who built the system and the impact of the received testimony from local sponsors of the Yazoo improvements. A separate panel presented their views Backwater project in support of the Mississippi Levee on issues and concerns involving navigation and port Board’s lawsuit against EPA Section 404(c) veto and authorities on the McClellan-Kerr system. Members of their determination to see the project to fruition. the Little Rock District staff followed with briefings on the District’s water management mission, dam safety

41-6 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

Following the public meeting, the Commission small ports and harbors to the local, regional, and recessed for the weekend and reconvened on Sunday, national economies by providing appropriations for August 15, onboard the MV MISSISSIPPI en route maintenance dredging at those facilities. The from Cape Girardeau, MO, to Houma, LA. The representative from Congressman Akin’s office and Commission held public a hearing at Rosedale during several presenters from the Missouri counties of the first week of the trip and hearings at Cape Lincoln, Pike, and St. Charles expressed their concerns Girardeau, Memphis, and Houma during the second with regard to their lack of consultation and input in the week. Approximately 250 people attended the four development of Plan H of the Upper Mississippi River public meetings. Comprehensive Plan and articulated their opposition to Plan H without additional study and planning. Other The Members of the Mississippi River issues and concerns brought before the Commission Commission present during the second week of the included dissatisfaction with the results of the ongoing 2-week-long inspection trip included MG Michael levee certification process, support for implementation Walsh, Hon. Sam E. Angel, Hon. R. D. James, Hon. of Plan H, needed drainage improvements to eliminate William Clifford Smith, RADM Jonathan Bailey, and flooding and erosion, assistance with needed levee BG John McMahon. MG John Peabody was unable to rehabilitation, the West Tennessee and Tributaries attend. project, and funding for the Navigation and Ecosystem Restoration Project. On Sunday, August 15, the Commission traveled to the Southeast Missouri (SEMO) Port to discuss siltation Dennis Norris, Chief of Operations, briefed the problems at the harbor with port directors. COL Vernon Commission on the status of the MR&T channel Reichling, the Memphis District Commander, followed improvement program and discussed possible courses with a detailed briefing on the status, schedules, and of action in future articulated concrete mattress (ACM) issues pertaining to MR&T projects within his area of sinking unit practices and activities. One course of operations to include the Bayou Meto Basin, Grand action included the possibility of contracting out the Prairie Region, Reelfoot Lake, St. Johns Bayou-New entire revetment program to the private sector. The Madrid Floodway, and West Tennessee Tributaries. briefing focused on expenses in maintaining a floating COL Reichling also briefed the Commission on the plant compared to actual and projected costs of status of ARRA projects and MR&T levee system operation. The program is projected to decrease to evaluations for the National Flood Insurance Program. 120,000 squares annually, necessitating associated Upon the request of the Commission, the Memphis reductions in plant and personnel. District staff provided an impromptu status briefing on the St. Johns Bayou-New Madrid Floodway project. After reaching Cairo, the Commission disembarked Court-ordered site restoration at the project was delayed from the MV MISSISSIPPI and performed a site visit at because of high water, but work is expected to resume an ongoing slurry trench construction project on the in a few days to complete the remaining 40 percent. MR&T levee at Mound City. BG McMahon provided a The briefing included an update on the EIS process, Northwestern Division watershed briefing that touched additional scientific study, and model certification. on flood stage capacities on the Missouri River, the Authorized Purposes study, a quantitative analysis of On Monday, August 16, the Commission held a the multiple uses of the river, relations with the Tribes, public meeting at Cape Girardeau, with more than and stakeholder partnerships within the region. 75 members of the public in attendance. U.S. Representative Jo Ann Emerson (MO-8), along with On Tuesday, August 17, the Commission held the representatives from the offices of U.S. Senators Kit 3d meeting of the 383d Session at Memphis. More than Bond (MO) and Roland Burris (IL), and U.S. 80 members of the public were in attendance, as was Representative Todd Akin (MO-2), also attended. Jo-Ellen Darcy, Assistant Secretary of the Army for Congresswoman Emerson stated her position on the Civil Works. Once again, dissatisfaction with the levee urgent need of the St. Johns Bayou-New Madrid certification process and the impacts of FEMA shaded Floodway project and along with representatives from zone X on local economies represented the dominant several local port authorities, testified on the need for discussion topics by the presenters. Other issues heard the Nation to recognize the value and importance of by the Commission included needed navigation and

41-7 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

river improvements on the Ouachita and White Rivers, The Commission also received a briefing on the the need for a 12-foot channel on the Arkansas River, Louisiana Coastal Area report to develop diversion aquifer depletion, the desire to see more Corps of projects on the Mississippi River. Of specific emphasis, Engineers involvement, dredging in ports and harbors, the briefing discussed the Louisiana Coastal Area 6 the East Arkansas Enterprise Community, and the Report, which is authorized for construction under the Bayou Meto and Grand Prairie projects. WRDA 2007 bill pending a favorable report of the Chief of Engineers. The briefing focused on the minutia On Wednesday, August 18, staff from the Louisiana of potential modifications to the existing Caernarvon Coastal Area Science and Technology Office updated and Davis Pond diversion structures and proposed the Commission on a number of items of interest to diversions at White Ditch and Convent Blind River. coastal Louisiana and Mississippi. The Commission was informed that an executive order established the On Friday, August 20, the Commission held the 4th National Ocean Council to adopt recommendations of and final public meeting of the 383d Session at Houma. the Interagency Ocean Policy Task Force and to More than 50 members of the public attended. advocate use and development of coastal and marine Presenters at the public hearing discussed a broad array spatial plans. The staff also described the goals, internal of topics that centered on coastal restoration, the need workings, and organization of the CEQ Gulf Coast for diversions, support for the Morganza to the Gulf Ecosystem Working Group and the smaller individual project, the need for the Houma Lock and deepening of teams comprising the group. The briefing also the Houma Navigation canal, sediment and dredging discussed the objectives, field and model investigations, problems, and hurricane and flood protection. and lessons learned from the Old Diver Control Complex Sedimentation Study. Last, the briefing Following the public meeting, the Commission covered ongoing studies and tentative conclusions with participated in a Blackhawk helicopter flyover to view regard to the interaction of hurricane storm surges with coastal Louisiana. The Commission boarded the marshlands and other natural coastal features. helicopter and flew west along the Intracoastal Canal to view deteriorating wetlands in the area. The helicopter COL Edward Fleming, Commander of the New continued across the Atchafalaya Floodway and river Orleans District, provided a detailed briefing on the and over the mouth of the Wax Lake Outlet to view status, schedules, and issues pertaining to MR&T active delta building in the region. The Commission projects within his area of operations. Studies, then flew along the coast along Terrebonne Parish and investigations, and projects covered by COL Fleming then over the Houma Navigation Canal and the included: Donaldsonville to the Gulf, Morganza to the Morganza to the Gulf study area. Gulf, Houma Navigation Canal, Atchafalaya Basin Floodway System, Old River Control, Bayou Sorrel 384th Session of the MRC Lock, David Pond and Carnarvon freshwater diversion structures, and the Mississippi River levees. The 384th Session of the Commission was held on November 17, 2010, at the Office of the President in On Thursday, August 19, the Commission received Vicksburg to receive a briefing on the 2010 refined a briefing on the Mississippi Valley Division water flowline on the Atchafalaya River and to review and management response to the Deepwater Horizon oil consider six Louisiana Coastal Area ecosystem spill. The briefing detailed river discharge rates from restoration projects authorized by Section 7006(e)(3) of the beginning of the crisis through the present, the WRDA 2007. The members of the Commission present results of management techniques studies and placed were MG Michael Walsh, Hon. Sam E. Angel, Hon. into practice, and model results run by ERDC. The R.D. James, Hon. William Clifford Smith, and BG John State of Louisiana has operated the Caernarvon and McMahon. RADM Jonathan Bailey and MG John Davis Pond diversion structures at maximum possible Peabody were unable to attend. COL George T. discharges to limit oil intrusion and to protect marshes. Shepard served as the nonvoting Secretary of the Operation of the Old River Control Structures to Commission. provide additional flows would have a limited capacity as would the operation of the Bonnet Carré spillway The six near-term projects considered by the and higher flows from the Missouri and Ohio Rivers. Commission included: Convey Atchafalaya River Water to Northern Terrebonne Marshes and Multipurpose;

41-8 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

Operation of the Houma Navigation Lock; Small warranted to adequately and scientifically assess the Diversion at Convent/Blind River; Amite River potential impacts of the multiple proposed diversions Diversion Canal Modification; Terrebonne Basin on the lower Mississippi River and to the authorized Barrier Shoreline Restoration; and Medium Diversion MR&T flood control, navigation, and environmental at White Ditch. The Commission's review sustainability works. Plans for future diversions must encompassed the overall technical, economic, social, be reconciled with existing MR&T authorizations to environmental, and policy aspects involved in the ensure a sustainable, effective, and holistic solution. formulation of alternative plans of improvement in The Commission recommended that such a system- findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the wide assessment be completed and reviewed by the District Engineer. The Commission considered the Commission prior to the initiation of the construction results of the Washington-level review and phase of the diversion projects. conformance of the recommended plan with the essential elements of the Water Resources Council's The Records of Proceedings for all sessions of Economic and Environmental Principles and Guidelines MRC are on file in the office of the President at the for Water Resources Implementation Studies and MRC building in Vicksburg, MS. compliance with other applicable administrative and legislative policies and guidelines. The Commission Mississippi River & Tributaries Project also considered the views of interested parties, including Federal, state, and local agencies and the New Orleans District: Mississippi River project public during high- and low-water inspections. levees and river channel stabilization as required from Head of Passes, mile 0 to 320 AHP, construction of The Commission endorsed the implementation of three salinity-control structures for fish and wildlife the District Engineer’s recommendations to achieve enhancement, two in lower Mississippi River Delta ecosystem restoration objectives with specific caveats. region, and one in the Mississippi-Louisiana Estuarine The Commission acknowledged the historical deltaic Area; Bonnet Carré and Morganza Floodways; processes involving the transport of enormous volumes maintenance and improvements of Mississippi River of sediment and water and the influence the Mississippi navigation channel from Baton Rouge, LA and Atchafalya Rivers have on land building in Coastal (mile 234 AHP), to mile 320; Baton Rouge Harbor Louisiana, but stated its belief that the implementation (Devils Swamp); navigation improvement of of proposed diversions on the Mississippi River should Atchafalaya and Old Rivers from Mississippi River to be founded in a comprehensive and systematic manner Morgan City; control of Old and Atchafalaya Rivers; that will work in harmony with the existing flood Atchafalaya Basin Floodways; flood control and control, navigation, and environmental sustainability drainage improvements in Bayou Cocodrie and components, particularly those components of the tributaries, in Bayou des Glaises, and in Upper Pointe MR&T Project. Coupee Loop area; and freshwater distribution from Atchafalaya River to Teche-Vermilion Basins. In its letter of concurrence to the Chief of Engineers, dated November 17, 2010, the Commission Vicksburg District: Mississippi River project stated its belief that even with the refinement of levees and river channel stabilization as required from scientific and engineering tools available today, a upper limits of New Orleans District (mile 320 AHP) in significant knowledge deficit exists that prevents vicinity of Black Hawk, LA, to Coahoma-Bolivar scientists and engineers from understanding necessary County line, MS (mile 620 AHP) on left bank, and to details about the impacts associated with the multiple vicinity of mouth of White River, AR (mile 599 AHP), proposed diversions on the lower Mississippi River. on right bank including south bank Arkansas River While unopposed to diversions, the Commission levee to vicinity of Pine Bluff, AR, and north bank remained cautious. Several studies focusing on levee to vicinity of Tucker on left bank of Plum Bayou, sediment distribution and transport, geomorphology, AR; bank stabilization in lower 36.1 miles of Arkansas and hydrology of the Lower Mississippi River have River; maintenance and improvement of Mississippi been initiated, but have not yet been completed or River navigation channel between miles 320 and integrated. A comprehensive system wide analysis is 599 AHP; Vicksburg and Greenville Harbors; specific

41-9 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

fish and wildlife facilities in Tensas, Yazoo, and Big station for Helena, Phillips County, and vicinity, Arkan- Sunflower Basins; a demonstration erosion control proj- sas and St. Johns Bayou and New Madrid Floodway, ect in the Yazoo Basin; flood control and drainage Missouri. improvements in Red River backwater area including leveed portions east and west of Black River and south Field operations of the commission restricted to of Red River; Jonesville, LA, Boeuf and Tensas Rivers, levee construction under Sec. 6, 1928 Flood Control Bayou Macon Basins and tributaries, AR and LA, and Act (local interests contributing one-third of costs and Bayou Lafourche, LA; Yazoo River Basin, MS, includ- furnishing rights-of-way) are conducted within the fol- ing backwater area; Big and Little Sunflower Rivers, lowing limits by two districts reporting directly to the Deer Creek, and Steele Bayou, MS; and Grand Prairie Commission on matters within their jurisdiction— Region and Bayou Meto Basin, AR, including provision St. Louis District: Mississippi River (Sec. 6) levees for agricultural water supply. from upper limits of Memphis District to Clemens Station, MO (1,254 miles AHP), on right bank, and Memphis District: Mississippi River project Hamburg Bay, IL (1,215 miles AHP), on left bank, and levees and river channel stabilization as required, from Illinois River from its mouth to mile 120 at Havana, IL. upper limits of Vicksburg District to north bank of Rock Island District: Mississippi River (Sec. 6) levees Little River diversion channel, MO (1,003 miles AHP), from upper limits of St. Louis District to Rock Island, a few miles below Cape Girardeau, MO, on right bank, IL (1,437 miles AHP). For work accomplished see and to Cache River diversion channel (967 miles AHP) Table 42-N, page 42-50, Annual Report for 1975. above Cairo, IL, on left bank, including levees and revetment on right bank of Ohio River, in St. Louis District: Wappapello Dam and Lake is Mounds-Mound City area, IL; except operations above located on the upper St. Francis River in Sections 2 and Cairo, IL, do not include channel stabilization on the 3, Township 26 North, Range 7 East, Wayne County, Mississippi River. Maintenance and improvement of Missouri. The dam is located at river mile 213.2; Mississippi River navigation channel between mile 599 16 miles northeast of Poplar Bluff, Missouri; less than and 954 AHP and of Memphis Harbor, TN; specific fish 1 mile southwest of Wappapello, Missouri. This dam and wildlife facilities in St. Francis Basin; levees in and reservoir project provides flood control, recreation, White River backwater area up to vicinity of Augusta, water quality, and conservation of fish and wildlife. AR, and a pumping plant near mouth of White River; Wappapello Lake consists of 44,349 acres of land and levees and pumping plants at De Valls Bluff and Des 8,400 acres of water. Arc, AR; channel improvements in Cache River Basin, AR; channel improvements in Big Creek and tribu- MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND ALLUVIAL VALLEY taries, AR; improvement works in St. Francis River BELOW CAPE GIRARDEAU, MO Basin, MO and AR, including backwater area improve- ments in Belle Fountain Ditch and Drainage District Location and description. The Mississippi River No. 17, AR; Castor River diversion channel, MO, and rises in Lake Itasca, MN, and flows generally southerly L’Anguille River, AR; Wolf River Basin, TN; Obion for 2,340 miles through the central portion of United and Forked Deer River Basins, TN; Reelfoot Lake area, States to empty into the Gulf of Mexico 115 miles including channel improvement for Bayou du Chien below New Orleans. It is improved for barge navigation and Lake No. 9, TN and KY; West Kentucky tributaries, for 1,832 miles to Minneapolis, MN. The Mississippi KY; Mud Lake pumping station, TN; and pump- River and its major tributaries, the Missouri, Ohio, St. ing plants and outlet structures in the Cairo- Francis, White, Arkansas, Yazoo, and Red-Old Rivers, Mounds-Mound City area, IL. Channel improvements drain 1,245,000 square miles in all or part of 31 states to Francis Bland Floodway Ditch (Eight Mile Creek), between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains and Arkansas; Whiteman’s Creek Ten Mile and Fifteen Mile part of two Canadian provinces. Below Cape Girardeau, Bayous in West Memphis, and vicinity Arkansas; Horn MO, 53 miles above Ohio River, river bottom lands Lake Creek and Tributaries, Mississippi; and widen abruptly into an alluvial valley of 35,460 square Nonconnah Creek, Tennessee and Mississippi. miles which was originally subjected to flood overflow. Navigation channel and harbor improvements to Helena A major part of the alluvial valley has been protected Harbor and vicinity, Arkansas at Mississippi River, from floods by levees which confine floodflows within mile 652 AHP. Channel improvements and pumping a floodplain having an average width of 5 miles. (See

41-10 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION map of alluvial valley of Mississippi River, scale Table 41-C. Authorizing and incorporating legislation 1:500,000.) Observations made by Mississippi River are shown in Tables 41-D and 41-E. Summary of Commission to Sep. 30, 1982, show approximate presently estimated Federal cost of authorized improve- all-time maximum and minimum discharges between ments is shown in Table 41-F. Construction of the levees as follows: Cairo to White River, 2,000,000 and existing project began in 1928 and has continued 70,000 cubic feet per second; thence to Red River, throughout ensuing years. Through Sep. 30, 2009, 2,150,000 and 90,000 cubic feet per second; thence to physical completion of the entire project is 88%. the Gulf of Mexico, 1,500,000 and 50,000 cubic feet per second in Mississippi River and 660,000 and Recommended modifications. None. 11,000 cubic feet per second in Atchafalaya River. As the 1927 floodflow was not con-fined between levees, Local cooperation. The Flood Control Act of maximum discharges recorded do not include entire 1928, as amended, applies. Such requirements, in flow of the 1927 flood, maximum of record below general, have been complied with by local interests. White River. High water and flood stages usually occur in late winter or early spring, but great floods such as Terminal facilities. See Port Series No. 21, 1990, that of 1937 occurred as early as January. Low water for Ports of Baton Rouge and Lake Charles, LA; Port stages generally prevail from August to December. Series No. 20, 1990, for Port of New Orleans, LA; also Extreme all-time high in stages recorded at folio of Flood Control and Navigation Maps of Missis- representative gages (rounded to nearest foot) are sippi River from Cairo, IL, to the Gulf of Mexico (59th 60 feet at Cairo, 49 feet at Memphis, 61 feet at Red edition), 1992. River Landing, and 21 feet at New Orleans (Carrollton). The river is nontidal above Red River Landing where Project cost. Total allotted for flood control, tidal amplitude rarely exceeds 0.1 foot during extreme excluding maintenance charges through Aug. 18, 1941, low water. chargeable under authorizations to Sep. 30, 2009, was $9,296,709,175 (See Table 41-V.) (See also Previous projects. For details see page 1944, Tables 41-U, 41-W, 41-X, and 41-Y for additional Annual Report for 1932. financial statements.)

Existing project. The Mississippi River and Tribu- Alluvial Valley Mapping taries Project in the alluvial valley between Head of Passes, LA, and Cape Girardeau, MO, provides General. Contoured quadrangles and general maps protection from floods by means of levees, floodwalls, of the alluvial valley are available for departmental use floodways, reservoirs (in Yazoo and St. Francis Basins), and public distribution under prescribed regulations. bank stabilization, and channel improvements in and Preparation, revision, and publication of quadrangle along the river and its tributaries and outlets insofar as maps (scale 1:62,500) continued. Roadmap-type infor- affected by backwater of Mississippi River, including mation brochures of principal portions of the overall levee work on the main stem between Cape Girardeau project were published along with pamphlets on the and Rock Island. When completed, 23,621 square miles subject of flood control and navigation. Maps and will be protected from the Mississippi River project supplemental data sheets for active works were updated flood. The project also provides for a 12- by 300-foot and published as required. navigation channel between Baton Rouge, LA, and Cairo, IL; for salinity-control structures; and for chan- Work accomplished in the Districts: nel realignment and improvement including bank stabilization and dikes to reduce flood heights, control New Orleans District— Supplemental funds were natural tendency of river to lengthen by meandering, used in FY 2009 for a Digital Quad Production for and protect levees from being destroyed by caving 19 Digital 1:62,500 quadrangle maps of Slidell, banks. Locations of major main stem Mississippi River Covington, Ponchaoula, Springfield, Jeanerette, improvements are shown in Table 41-A and those for Hanville, Opelousas, Palmetto, Loreauville, off-main stem tributaries are shown in Table 41-B. St. Martinville, Denham Springs, Baton Rouge Grosse Pertinent data on dams and lakes are shown in Tete, Mlaringouin, Arnaudville, Carencro, Zachary,

41-11 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

New Roads, and Fordoche, Louisiana. Also in (NGVD), on May 31, 2009, and the New Orleans gage FY 2009, activities consisted of LIDAR and field recorded a maximum stage of 16.5 feet, NGVD, June 1, surveys, hydrologic modeling for existing conditions 2009. On the Atchafalaya River, the Simmesport gage base, economic analysis, environmental investigations, recorded a maximum stage of 38.7 feet, NGVD, on and the Value-Engineering Report. A seamless May 27, 2009. Geographic Information System (GIS) geodatabase covering the entire Mississippi River Alluvial Valley Studies and Investigations was created. General investigations. Surveys and reports, Memphis District— There were no revisions to authorized by laws and by Senate and House committee 1:62,500 scale quadrangle maps in FY 2010. There resolutions, were made as required and are discussed were 5,434 square miles of half-meter pixel, 1:12,000 below. Collection and study of basic data continued. scale digital color orthophotography flown in FY 2010. Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008, authorized funds for collection and study of basic data using Vicksburg District— There were no revisions to LiDAR mapping to be undertaken in the Delta portion 1:62,500 scale quadrangle maps in FY 2010. Flying of Mississipppi. Regular appropriated funds from and data processing was completed on the first phase of FY 2008 and FY 2009, together with some ARRA Mississippi Delta LiDAR (Light Detection and funding, were sufficient to award contracts. An aerial Ranging) Project in FY 2010. The total scope of this survey using LiDAR technology was completed in work includes high resolution aerial photography and FY 2010 to map the Mississippi Delta to the tailwaters LiDAR data of the Mississippi Delta region from of the Mississippi lakes and the drainage basins in the Vicksburg south to the Memphis District line north and hill area of the Yazoo Basin. By using LiDAR, data westward from the Mississippi River to the Vicksburg sets will be more accurate and GIS compatible. District boundary line to the east. Stakeholders have access to 1-foot contours of the Delta and Yazoo Basin compared to 5-foot contours Floods previously available.

Streamflow observations during the fiscal year A July 1997 resolution of the Committee on Trans- follow: portation and Infrastructure of the U.S. House of Repre- sentatives authorized a study of flooding and other Memphis District— Mississippi River crest stage problems in the area west of the Atchafalaya Basin of 49.4 feet at Cairo gage on May 6, 2010, and Floodway between Alexandria, Louisiana, and the Gulf maximum discharge of 1,220,000 cubic feet per second of Mexico. A reconnaissance study was initiated in (cfs) occurred at Hickman, KY, on May 7, 2010; a crest FY 1998 and completed in FY 1999. See the FY 2006 stage of 32.8 feet and a maximum discharge of Annual Report for prior year details. In FY 2008, 1,220,000 cfs at Memphis on May 11, 2010. project activities consisted of completion of hydrologic modeling of future without-project conditions and Vicksburg District— The Mississippi River at structural alternatives. In addition, the economic Vicksburg experienced no significant flooding during benefits were developed along with alternative cost FY 2010. The stage at Vicksburg, MS, did not exceed estimates. Currently, the study is on hold at the request its flood stage elevation of 43.0 feet. Peak stages and of the local sponsor. discharges on the Vicksburg District’s reach of the Mississippi River were as follows: Arkansas City, A May 1998 resolution of the Committee on Trans- 36.0 feet on May 18, 2010, and maximum discharge of portation and Infrastructure of the U.S. House of Repre- 1,275,000 cfs; Vicksburg, 42.8 feet on May 25, 2010, sentatives authorized a study of flooding and other and a maximum discharge of 1,325,000 cfs; and problems in the area between Bayou Lafourche and the Natchez, 49.4 feet on May 27, 2010, and maximum Mississippi River from Donaldsonville, Louisiana, to discharge of 1,300,000 cfs. the Gulf of Mexico. A reconnaissance study was com- pleted in FY 2000. Feasibility study was initiated in New Orleans District—On the Mississippi River, FY 2002. Geotechnical design and engineering design the Red River Landing gage recorded a maximum stage were transferred to the local sponsors as work in-kind of 57.9 feet, National Geodetic Vertical Datum efforts, and this work was initiated in FY 2008. The

41-12 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION anticipated timeframe for study completion is for the The Big Sunflower Watershed Study (Quiver final feasibility study document presented to the Civil River, MS), reconnaissance study effort is investigating Works Review Board in June 2010 with the Final the problems and opportunities in the Big Sunflower Environmental Impact Statement to be completed River Watershed, particularly focusing on the Quiver concurrently. River subbasin. Environmental enhancement through use of interbasin water transfer has been the focus of An April 1992 resolution of the Public Works and the Yazoo Delta Water Management District over the Transportation of the U.S. House of Representatives past few years, and they are the potential non-Federal Committee authorized a study of flooding and other sponsor. Authorization was provided through SR 29 problems east of the Atchafalaya Basin Floodway June 1973. between Morganza, Louisiana, and the Gulf of Mexico. A feasibility study was completed in FY 2002 recom- A March 1996 Resolution U.S. House of Repre- mending a Federal project. The Chief of Engineers sentatives Committee on Transportation and Infra- letter was signed in August 2002 and supplemental in structure authorized a study, Memphis Metropolitan July 2003 adding work-in-kind. The Energy and Water Area Storm Water Management, TN MS. The study Development Appropriation Act of 1995 and the Water area includes all or parts of five counties: Fayette, Resources Development Act of 1996 directed an expe- Shelby, and Tipton in Tennessee; De Soto and Marshall dited study of a lock in the Houma Navigation Canal in Mississippi. The area encompasses all or parts of six under the authority of the Morganza, Louisiana, and the major drainage basins, cpovering approximately Gulf of Mexico study. An interim feasibility study on 2,600 square miles. The purpose of the study is to the lock was completed in FY 1997 and was approved evaluate the need for improvements for flood control, for preconstruction engineering and design in FY 2000. ecosystem restoration, water quality, and related In FY 2004 the Energy and Water Development purposes associated with storm water runoff and Appropriations Act authorized a portion of the project, watershed management in the area. The reconnaissance Reach I, Segment 1. The local sponsor in FY 2009 study was initiated in FY 2006. FY 2006 funds were constructed the first lift for Reach J-1 and began used to initiate the study by reviewing existing construction for the first Reach of H-3. Currently, a hydrologic and hydraulic data for three drainage areas, Postauthorization Change (PAC) Report is required for Grays Creek, Marys Creek and Beaver Creek, and to reauthorization due to post-Katrina design changes and determine any additional problems and opportunities cost that will exceed the project cost authorized in within the study area. WRDA 2007 by more than 20%. Mississippi River and Tributaries Levees A June 1998 resolution of the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the U.S. Senate Operations and results during fiscal year. This authorized a study of the multipurpose flood control feature consists of construction of new, and enlarge- and agricultural water supply problems in the Boeuf- ment of existing, levees to approved grade and section; Tensas Basin of southeast Arkansas. A feasibility study construction and restoration of levee berms; and con- was initiated in FY 2000 and is continuing. struction, repair, and maintenance of roads on levees. Work accomplished is summarized in Table 41-N and A June 1973 resolution of the Committee on Public further broken down as follows: Works, U.S. Senate authorized a study to identify appropriate implementable measures to address flood New Orleans District—Continued construction of control, water quality, and environmental needs levees in the Main Stem System. See Table 41-K. throughout the Coldwater River Basin below Arkabutla Supplemental funds for maintenance were received in Lake, MS. The feasibility study is continuing. the amount of $81 million to perform emergency restoration and repair of the Mississippi River levee The Spring Bayou Area, LA, environmental after Hurricane Katrina. Repairs have been made and restoration study includes an evaluation of ongoing improvements are continuining with additional improvements to partially restore/enhance ecosystem funds. functions. The Feasibility Cost-Sharing Agreement was signed 25 May 2006. Feasibility studies have been initiated and are continuing.

41-13 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

Vicksburg District—Continued construction of 565.5 are complete. Graveled or hard-surfaced roads levees in the Main Stem System. See Table 41-L. have been constructed on 1,925.7 miles of these levees. Supplemental funds for maintenance were received in the amount of $1.3 million to repair damages from There are an additional 1,511.0 miles of authorized flood flight. All known levee slides resulting from high tributary levees in the MR&T Project, of which 1,277.3 river stages in 2008, 2009, and 2010 have been miles, are in place with 1,085.7 to approved grade and repaired. FY 2009 and FY 2010 ARRA funds for section. Berms have been completed on 15.3 miles and maintenance were received in the amount of 970.1 miles of graveled or hard-surfaced roads have $3.473 million. All ARRA funds received for been constructed on the levees. maintenance of the main stem levee system have been expended. FY 2009 and FY 2010 ARRA funds for For summary of levee work see Table 41-N. construction were received in the amount of $3.6 million. Mississippi River Levees construction Mississippi River and Tributaries—Channel continued on FY 2009 awards for 4.7 miles of levee Improvements enlargements and seepage control measures in Mississippi and 20.9 miles of pre-FY 2009 awards in Operations and results during fiscal year. Dredg- the combined states. FY 2010 awards were for two ing: Mississippi River Main Stem — (See Table 41-G.) contracts totaling 9.5 miles of levee enlargement and Work included dredging 10,371.1 cubic yards for main- seepage control measures in Louisiana; awarded a tenance of channel and harbor improvements. Mini- contract for 149 relief wells which, when completed, mum channel depth of 9 feet was maintained. Dredging will bring an additional 16.2 miles of levees up to PDF was done with the following plant: Vicksburg District, compliance. The Vicksburg District returned 8.8 miles channel maintenance was performed by government- of completed levee enlargement in Mississippi to the owned Dredge JADWIN. Memphis District channel sponsor in FY 2010 and 3.7 miles in Louisiana. The maintenance dredging was performed by the WRDA 1992 authorized the Lower Mississippi River Government-owned dustpan Dredge HURLEY and Museum and Riverfront Interpretive Site (LMRMRIS). leased dustpan Dredge PONTCHARTRAIN. The design and construction of this project consists of regional visitor center incorporating the old The MR&T Harbors maintained in Memphis Dis- MV MISSISSIPPI in conjunction with other potential trict were Helena Harbor, Phillips County, AR, and riverfront development features planned by the city of Memphis Harbor (McKellar Lake), by leased cutter- Vicksburg, MS. In FY 2010, the museum building head dredge. MR&T Harbors maintained in Vicksburg contract was awarded for $7.9 million. District were Greenville Harbor and Vicksburg Harbor by contract cutterhead dredge. Memphis District—Continued construction of levees in the Main Stem System. See Table 41-M. Bank revetment and dikes: (See Table 41-H, 41-I, and 41-J.) Construction of 0.0 mile of new bank Condition as of Sep. 30. (See Tables 41-K, 41-L, revetment and 30,588 squares of concrete mattress, for 41-M, and 41-N.) There are 1,609.8 miles of levees maintenance, along the Mississippi River was com- authorized for the Mississippi River below Cape pleted by Government plant and hired labor. Also, Girardeau, of which 1,593.6 miles are in place with 0.84 mile of new dikes were constructed and required 1,400.6 miles built to approved grade and section. The maintenance was performed. Main Stem Levee System consists of 2,215.7 miles, of which 2,199.5 miles are in place with 1,973.3 miles Other work performed in the interest of navigation, completed to approved grade and section. Included in supplementing maintenance dredging on Mississippi this system are 85.4 miles of levees and structures along River between Cairo, IL, and Baton Rouge, LA, the south bank of Arkansas River miles (all completed); included removal of snags, wrecks, and obstructions; 59.2 along the south bank of Red River (all completed); issuance of bulletins by the Vicksburg District provid- and 449.2 miles in the Atchafalaya River Basin, with ing information on available high-water velocities at 449.2 miles in place and 416.0 miles completed to selected locations; maintenance of bulletin boards grade and section (see Table 41-N). Of the authorized showing daily gage readings at regular MRC gages; and 679.3 miles of berms and seepage control measures, contact pilot service furnishing navigation interests with

41-14 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION latest information and advice on channel conditions and Maintenance by hired labor. Operation and navigation interests. Cost of this work is given in maintenance of Bayou Boeuf and Bayou Sorrel locks, Table 41-U. Point Coupee and St. Mary Parishes pump stations, condition and operational studies, and water control Condition as of Sep. 30. In carrying out author- management activities continued. Levee slide repairs on ized channel improvement program between Baton W-52 West Atchafalaya Basin Protection Levee were Rouge and Cairo, 16 cutoffs were developed between repaired with MVM hired labor. 1933 and 1942. These, combined with chute channel development and alignment improvements, decreased The northwest guidewall is under construction to channel length between these cities by about 170 miles. replace the deteriorated guidewall at Bayou Sorrel However, current velocities increased the attack on the Lock. New gates were fabricated for the Bayou banks and the river began to regain its length. As a Courtableau drainage system. Riprap on both sides of result, the net shortening between 1933 and 1962 was the Bayou Sorrel lock chamber was replaced. 114 miles of the theoretical 170-mile cutoff. Additional crushed stone was provided to Red River and Bayou Bouef and Black Levee District and There are now in place 1,051.38miles of operative Atchafalaya Basin Levee District for the levee crown bank revetment and 326.78 miles of dikes on the lower resurfacing. Plastic timbers and pillings were procured Mississippi River. This amount of channel stabilization for guidewall repairs. A new office building was should prevent the river from regaining much more of constructed to replace the one damaged by Hurricane its length due to meandering. A navigation channel 9 by Gustav, and a new forklift was procured. 300 feet is being accomplished by revetment and dikes and maintained by dredging as required during the Berwick Harbor was dredged twice in FY 2010. low-water season. Due to growing effectiveness of Three Rivers was dredged during the fall. channel improvement program, average maintenance dredging requirements are steadily being reduced, and Condition as of Sep. 30. Construction was initi- an increase in navigable depth is being obtained. ated Aug. 7, 1929, with commencement of the west Approximately 143.4 miles of foreshore protection protection levee from Bordelonville to Hamburg, LA. have been constructed along the lower Mississippi The project is 95% complete. The current estimated River. Federal cost is $1,798,000,000 and non-Federal cost is $11,000,000. Approximately 449.2 miles of levees and There are 89.4 miles of revetment and 5.9 miles of floodwalls were authorized for the Atchafalaya system dikes on tributary channels as listed in Tables 41-H, of which 416.0 miles are built to grade. See Table 41-K 41-I, and 41-J. for status of levees.

New Orleans District Construction of the first 2.5 miles of the proposed 5 miles of channel was initiated in January 1958 and ATCHAFALAYA BASIN, LA completed in July 1959, with 7,458,086 cubic yards excavated. Operations and results during fiscal year. New work by hired labor: Real estate activities and planning The remaining 2.5 miles were to be constructed for construction were continued. when development of the initially constructed portion warrants expansion. Project expansion has not been Construction of levee enlargements and floodwalls necessary. Therefore, this feature was deauthorized on continued on the east and west protection levees, and November 2, 1979, under the provisions of Section 12, levees west of Berwick. Public Law 93-251 (WRDA 74), as amended.

In FY 2010, initiated two levee enlargement Major items remaining to be completed include contracts--two along the east and west protection completion of levees to grade and section, modification levees. These are the only contracts currently under of existing structures, and construction of two construction. These contracts include E-40 and W86 b. freshwater distribution structures. Approximately 57.8 miles of bank stabilization work has been completed.

41-15 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

Flood Control Landing. Preliminary planning has been initiated for Bayou Sorrel boat landings. Construction has been ATCHAFALAYA BASIN FLOODWAY SYSTEM, LA completed for the Simmesport Boat Landing. Local support exists for a regional visitor center in Morgan Location. The project lies in the lower part of the City, LA. Construction began in FY 2006 and will Atchafalaya Basin which is situated in south-central continue in FY 2010 on the Buffalo Cove Pilot Water Louisiana. It lies in parts of Iberville, Iberia, Point Cou- Management Unit. The Supplemental Environmental pee, St. Martin, St. Mary, and St. Landry Parishes. Fur- Impact Statement for Henderson Water Management ther, it is limited to the part of the Atchafalaya River Unit, which includes the ABFS Recreation Feature, was Basin that has been confined between guide levees that initiated in FY 2006. are about 15 miles apart. The northern boundary, west of the Atchafalaya River, lies along the south Operations and results during fiscal year. right-of-way line for the Union-Pacific Railroad near Continued operations of previously acquired easement the south side of U.S. Highway 190 between the West and feelands including easement inspections, outreach, Atchafalaya Basin Protection Levee (WABPL) and the natural resource management, and consumptive and west limits of the town of Krotz Springs, thence nonconsumptive public access programs were southerly along the west limits of the town and easterly conducted throughout the year. along the south limits of the town to the Atchafalaya River; east of the Atchafalaya River it lies along the Local cooperation. Various Design Agreements southern right-of-way line for the Union-Pacific and PPAs will be required between the Corps and the Railroad. The eastern and western boundaries lie at the non-Federal sponsor for project implementation. To floodside toe of the East Atchafalaya Basin Protection date, a PPA has been executed between the Federal Levee (EABPL) and WABPL, respectively. The area Government and the Louisiana Department of Natural within these limits has been calculated at about Resources for the construction and OMRR&R of the 595,000 acres. Buffalo Cove project, as well as PPAs between the Government and Avoyelles Parish Police Jury and Existing project. This project was authorized by St. Mary Parish Government for Simmesport and the Supplemental Appropriations Act of 1985, Public Myette Point Boat Landings, respectively. In addition, Law 99-88. The project was reauthorized and amended several design agreements have been executed between by Section 601 of the Water Resources Development the Government and local parishes for recreation Act of 1986, Public Law 99-662 (hereafter WRDA planning. 1986). The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New Orleans District, completed a comprehensive feasibility Condition as of Sep 30. Total Project cost is study report for ABFS in January 1982 that $470,000,000 with an estimated Federal cost of recommended implementation for three separable $386,443,000 and a non-Federal cost of $83,557,000. elements including land acquisition, recreation, and Through FY 2010, $136,452,000 has been expended. water management units. Funding for the acquisition of the real estate feature made available by the Energy and Water Management Unit (WMU) construction Water Appropriations Bill of 1988, Public (Buffalo Cove) was initiated in FY 2006 and is Law 100-202. anticipated to be complete in FY 2010. A supplemental EIS, inclusive of recreation, is underway for all five To date, approximately 116,802 acres in develop- approved WMUs within the ABFS project area. mental control and environmental easements have been acquired, leaving a balance of approximately Public access efforts were affected with passage of 230,000 acres to acquire. The Government has acquired WRDA 2007. Cap on expenditure ($32M) was deleted 47,084 acres in fee, excluding minerals, from willing retroactively and authorization for fee purchase of an sellers. The recreation portion includes boat landings, additional 20,000 acres wasprovided. This legislation canoe trails, 3-state type park facilities, project visitor also gave authority to consider Eagle Point Park and the center, primitive campgrounds, etc. Through FY 2009, town of Melville, LA, as alternate recreation sites. construction has began on the Myette Point Boat

41-16 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

BAYOU COCODRIE AND TRIBUTARIES, LA Sandblasting and painting of the structure were performed in FY 2009. Operations and results during fiscal year. Main- tenance by hired labor consisted of water control man- Restoration of the east guide levee from U.S. agement. Hwy 61 to Lake Pontchartrain was completed in 2005.

Condition as of Sep. 30. Construction was Natural Resources and Recreation Project Master initiated in June 1946 and is 57% complete, based on Plan was approved and implemented in 1998. Opera- the current estimated Federal cost of $20,400,000 and tional Management Plan is under development. A staff non-Federal cost of $323,000. See page 2031, Annual of three Park Rangers is now stationed at the spillway Report for 1961, for description of completed work. to implement the recreation and natural resource programs. Work required to complete the project consists of enlargement of 13.5 miles of upper Bayou Boeuf, chan- OLD RIVER, LA nel improvement of 25.3 miles of Bayou Cocodrie, enlargement of Bayou Courtableau from Washington, Operations and results during fiscal year. LA, to the west protection levee, and additional culverts Maintenance by hired labor consisted of operation and through the west protection levee at 100% Federal cost maintenance of the lock and control structures as in lieu of the previously authorized diversion channel required, condition and operation studies, water control from Washington to the Bayou Courtableau drainage management, maintenance of cleared areas, levee shap- structure. ing, and engineering studies.

With the termination of the Eastern Rapides and Natural Resources and Recreation Master Plan was South Central Avoyelles project, it has become neces- completed. Operations and maintenance activity sary to provide an adequate outlet structure solely for includes development of Old River Cooperative Visitor the Bayou Cocodrie and Tributaries project. The Center. economic effects of this change along with current benefits estimates have caused the benefit-cost ratio for In FY 2010, dredged Old River Lock forebay; the project to be less than unity. As a result, the project refurbished miter gates, crane and relief wells at Old has now been classified as inactive. If economic con- River Lock; repaired bullnose and rebuild tainter valve ditions change, the project could be reactivated. cylinders at Old River Lock; fabrficated spare parts for Old River Tainer Valves; installed fence and replaced BONNET CARRÉ SPILLWAY, LA creosote timber needles at Old River Overbank Structure; refurbished Old River Low sill gates and Operations and results during fiscal year. Main- crane; and stone placement on the Auxiliary Control tenance by hired labor: Condition and operation studies, Structure inflow channel banks. water control management, and ordinary maintenance of the control structure and spillway continued. Awarded contract for bank stabilization at Old River Auxiliary Control Structure Inflow Channel Condition as of Sep. 30. Construction of the spill- (ARRA). way was initiated in FY 1929. The control structure was completed in 1931, levees were completed in 1932, and Condition as of Sep. 30. Construction began utility crossings were completed in 1936. The cost of September 1955 and is complete at a Federal cost of the completed work is $14,212,200. $292,273,000. Principal items completed are as follows: Low-sill structure, June 1959; overbank It was necessary to operate the structure to reduce structure, October 1959; auxiliary structure, September flood stages in 1937, 1945, 1950, 1973, 1975, 1979, 1986; levees and levee enlargements, October 1963; 1983, 1997, and 2008. The structure was operated in inflow and outflow channels for the Lowsill structure, 1994 to transfer freshwater from the Mississippi River February 1961; inflow and outflow channels for the to Lake Pontchartrain. The structure was operated from auxiliary structure, August 1987; navigation lock April 11 until May 8, 2008, to reduce flood stages. completed December 1962 and opened to navigation

41-17 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

March 1963, at which time Old River was closed to Existing project. The Davis Pond Freshwater navigation with a rock and earthfill dam; and highway Diversion Feature of the Miss. Delta Region Project approaches and bridge over the lock completed March will be capable of diverting up to 10,650 cfs of River 1965. Approximately 9.4 miles of bank protection have water into the Barataria Bay Estuary for fish and wild- been constructed at the inflow and outflow channels. life habitat enhancement. Fresh water needs of the estu- (See Table 41-H for details of bank protection.) ary, determined by monitoring data, will establish the actual quantities diverted. Salinity Control Structures Local cooperation. The Project Cooperation MISSISSIPPI DELTA REGION, LA Agreement was signed in April 1993 with the State of Louisiana. Cost sharing for initial construction and CAERNARVON FRESHWATER DIVERSION ongoing operations and maintenance is 75% Federal STRUCTURE, BRAITHWATE, LA and 25% non-Federal. The project will be operated and maintained by St. Charles Parish, under the direction of Location. The Caernarvon structure is constructed the LA Department of Natural Resources. in the Mississippi River Levee on the left descending bank at mile 81 AHP, just below the St. Bernard- Condition as of Sep. 30. Construction began in Plaquemines Parish line. 1996 and was substantially completed in 2002, at an estimated Federal Cost of $119,000,000 and a non- Existing project. The Caernarvon Freshwater Federal cost of $40,000,000 for the Construction Phase Diversion Feature of the Miss. Delta Region Project is of this feature. Diversions have been ongoing since capable of diverting up to 8,000 cfs of River water into August 2002 with a completion date estimated to be in the Breton Sound Estuary for fish and wildlife habitat 2010. Sheet pile installation to raise the west guide enhancement. River stages and the fresh water needs of levee was completed in 2007, and Phase I of the estuary, determined by monitoring data, establish modifications to the outfall area were completed in July the actual quantities to be diverted. 2008. Additional modifications to the outfall area commenced in FY 2009 and will be completed in Local cooperation. The Local Cooperation Agree- FY 2010, along with improvements to the west guide ment with the State of Louisiana was signed in June levee. 1987. Cost sharing for initial construction and ongoing operations and maintenance is 75% Federal and 25% Operations of the structure will be officially non-Federal. The project is operated and maintained by transferred to the State. At that time, postconstruction Plaquemines Parish, under the direction of the LA monitoring will begin and continue for 4 years. Department of Natural Resources. Vicksburg District Condition as of Sep. 30. Construction began in 1988 and was completed in 1991, at a Federal cost of LOWER ARKANSAS BASIN, AR $17,550,051 and a non-Federal cost of $5,850,017. Diversions have been ongoing, as needed, since August Condition as of Sep. 30. Arkansas River levees. A 1991. The goal of fish and wildlife habitat improvement total of 56.2 miles of the 61.5 miles of north bank has been met or exceeded, most notably in the areas of levees and all of the 85.4 miles of south bank levees seed oyster availability on the public oyster grounds, a have been completed to approved grade and section. large variety and volume of recreational fishing and These levees above mile 36.1 are protected by duck hunting. bank-protection works constructed as a feature of project for Arkansas River and Tributaries, AR and OK. DAVIS POND FRESHWATER DIVERSION For present status of this work, see report of Little Rock STRUCTURE, LA District. Below mile 36.1, needed bank protection is constructed with project maintenance funds. Little Location. The Davis Pond structure is constructed Bayou Meto gates and lifting mechanism were replaced in the Mississippi River Levee on the right descending during FY 1988. Big Bayou Meto Gate operating bank at mile 118 AHP, in St.Charles Parish, 2 miles mechanisms were replaced during FY 1994, 1995, and Luling, LA. 1996.

41-18 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

LOWER RED RIVER SOUTH BANK RED RIVER YAZOO BASIN, MS LEVEES, LA Operations and results during fiscal year. Operations and results during fiscal year. Maintenance by hired labor consisted of water control (a) Big Sunflower River, etc. The Project is management. authorized by the Flood Control Acts of 1944, 1946, 1950, 1962, and 1965. Main Canal and Black Bayou Condition as of Sep. 30. All of the 59.2 miles of projects are complete. Item 66B channel relocation, levees authorized are completed to approved grade and Phase 1, was completed December 2009. Phase II is section. under construction and is 90% complete. Phase II is the final phase of the Item 66B Channel Relocation project. TENSAS BASIN, AR AND LA Under the Sediment Reduction Structures work, the contract for Phase II is near completion for (a) Boeuf and Tensas Rivers, and Bayou 14 structures. Phase III is under construction and near Macon, AR and LA. completion using ARRA funds and includes seven structures. Phase IV includes nine structures and is Operations and results during fiscal year. Plan- 25% complete. The contract for Phase V, which ning and design on project features are complete. The includes 10 structures, has been awarded. Plans and Lake Chicot Pumping Plant and related features are specifications are being prepared for Phase VI. complete and in operation. ARRA funds were received in the amount of $5.886 million. ARRA funds were Mitigation for Upper Steele Projects. Mitigation utilized to replace two weirs in Big Bayou, award for the unavoidable environmental losses is now contract for access road repaving, and award contract to underway. Approximately 5,569 acres of cleared lands replace the Motor Control Center at the Lake Chicot have been obtained in the Yazoo Basin to mitigate the pumping plant. environmental losses resulting from construction of the Upper Steele Bayou Projects. Most of this land has Condition as of Sep. 30. Lake Chicot Pumping been reforested and will be managed for wetlands, and Plant performed maintenance work to include painting terrestrial resources. All lands acquired for mitigation of trash rakes, caulking to building and roof repairs, as are from willing sellers to offset environmental losses well as maintenance to cranes. from this project.

(b) Red River backwater area. (b) Flood Control Reservoirs

Operations and results during fiscal year. (1) Arkabutla Lake. (See Table 41-C.) The dam Routine operation and maintenance was performed on and appurtenant structures were maintained and the Tensas-Cocodrie Pumping Plant along with operated. Clearing of tributary streams in the lake area construction of mile 0.2 setback. ARRA funds were was continued. Maximum pool elevation in the lake received in the amount of $1.155 million. All levee was 230.4 feet, NGVD, on May 11, 2010, and storage slides caused by high water in 2008, 2009 and 2010 in flood control pool was 304,200 acre-feet. Peak have been repaired. 24-hour inflow was 38,250 cfs on May 3, 2010. On Sep. 30, 2010, the pool elevation was 217.1 feet, Condition as of Sep. 30. A contract for bank NGVD, and storage in the flood control pool was stabilization was awarded. 89,400 acre-feet. ARRA funds were received FY 2009

41-19 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

and FY 2010 in the amount of $11.888 million for Maximum pool elevation in the lake was 267.5 feet, backlog maintenance items and Supplement funds for NGVD, on May 12, 2010, when storage in the flood FY 2010 in the amount of $50,000 were received for control pool was 884,100 acre-feet. Peak 24-hour shoreline erosion/bank stabilization. inflow was 39,175 cfs on May 5, 2010. On September 30, 2010, the pool elevation was 251.1 feet, (2) Enid Lake. (See Table 41-C.) The dam and NGVD, and storage in the flood control pool was appurtenant structures were maintained and operated. 361,900 acre-feet. ARRA funds were received FY 2009 Rehabilitation of boat channels and snagging and clear- and FY 2010 in the amount of $11.817 million for ing of tributary streams in the lake area continued. backlog maintenance items. Supplemental funds for Maximum pool elevation in the lake was 254.1 feet, FY 2010 in the amount of $50,000 were received for NGVD, on May 12, 2010, when storage in the flood shoreline erosion/bank stabilization. control pool was 341,400 acre-feet. Peak 24-hour inflow was 12,950 cfs on May 5, 2010. On Sep. 30, (c) Greenwood, Yazoo City and Belzoni protec- 2010, pool elevation was 242.6 feet, NGVD, and tion works. Contract forces continued operation and storage in the flood control pool was 167,800 acre-feet. maintenance of levees, drainage facilities, and pumping A total of 4,500 acre-feet of storage in conservation plant. Greenwood received $1.097 million of ARRA pool was reallocated to municipal and industrial water funds for backlog maintenance items. Trash rakes for supply in June 1998. ARRA funds were received Walker Lake umping plant have been purchased by FY 2009 and FY 2010 in the amount of $10.738 million ARRA funds, and installation by the O&M contractor for backlog maintenance items. Supplemental funds for has begun. Electric gate operators were installed on all FY 2010 in the amount of $50,000 were received for structures in this project with ARRA funds. shoreline erosion/bank stabilization. (d) Main stem. Contract forces continued opera- (3) Grenada Lake. (See Table 41-C.) Construc- tion and maintenance of channels, levees, and drainage tion of remaining public-use facilities has been deferred facilities. pending development of cost-sharing agreements with local interests for construction and non-Federal opera- (e) Reformulation Study. The uncompleted por- tion and maintenance, consistent with projects for tions of the Yazoo Basin construction program are which recreation facilities are being constructed under currently being reformulated. This reformulation study the provisions of the Federal Water Project Recreational includes investigations of the engineering, economic, Act of 1965 (Public Law 89-72), as amended. Maxi- and environmental aspects of the basin and is being mum pool elevation in the lake was 225.7 feet, NGVD, accomplished in 4 phases. These studies will evaluate on November 3, 2009, when storage in the flood control reasonable arrays of alternatives to the project features pool was 1,023,900 acre-feet. Peak 24-hour inflow was that remained after construction of items that were 37,900 cfs on May 3, 2010. On September 30, 2010, the budgeted and scheduled for award in FY 1990. The pool elevation was 207.0 feet, NGVD, and storage in Upper Steele Bayou and Upper Yazoo Projects reports the flood control pool was 310,200 acre-feet. ARRA were approved on May 25, 1993 and Jun. 21, 1994, funds were received FY 2009 and FY 2010 in the respectively. Concerning the final two phases, the amount of $10.796 million for backlog maintenance Yazoo Backwater Reformulation Study includes items. Supplemental funds for FY 2010 in the amount nonstructural, structural, and combination plans. of $50,000 were received for shoreline erosion/bank Nonstructural features include conservation and water stabilization. management easements and reforesting of cleared agricultural lands. Structural features include a pump (4) Sardis Lake. (See Table 41-C.) The dam and station and levee alternative. The Yazoo Backwater appurtenant structures were maintained and operated. Reformulation Study's draft report and Draft Clearing of tributary streams in the lake area continued. Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS)

41-20 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION were released for public review in September 2000. and drainage structures, is approximately 138 miles. The Vicksburg District reviewed and incorporated The entire project extends to the Coldwater River. public and agency comments into the Final Report and ARRA funds in the amount of $11.6 million are being Final SEIS. The Final Report was released in used for construction of Items 7B and Item 7C, Phase I, November 2007 with a public comment period to be and mitigation development. open until January 2008. In February 2008, EPA notified the Corps that they were considering a The Fort Pemberton Flood Control Structure was Section 404(c) veto of this project. The District worked completed on April 29, 1991. to satisfy EPA concerns, but in the end, EPA stated there were unacceptable adverse impacts on fishery and Roebuck Lake and Fort Loring water control struc- wildlife. The final determination under Section 404(c) tures and Tchula Lake weirs were completed in of the Clean Water Act was signed on Aug 31, 2008, by FY 1995. B. H. Grumbles, Assistant Adminstrator for Water. On August 11, 2009, the project sponsor, the Mississippi Item 6A was completed in Jun 08. Item 6B was Levee Board, filed suit against EPA challenging their completed Sep 2010. Item 7A is under construction at authority to veto the project under Section 404(c) of the 75% complete. Item 7B is under construction at 42% Clean Water Act. The Yazoo Tributaries Reformulation complete. Item 7C Phase I ws completed Jul 10. Study is evaluating flood control requirements on nine Design efforts continue for Item 7C Phase II and project features. Study efforts were suspended in 2000 Item 7D. and were reinitiated in FY 2008. The Alligator-Catfish water control structure was (f) Delta Headwaters Project. The Delta Head- completed in FY 1998. This structure has been renamed waters Project (DHP), a joint project with the USDA the J. Tol Thomas Water Control Structure. NRCS was initiated by FY 1985 appropriations as a continuation on streambank erosion control efforts. The Mitigation for Upper Yazoo Projects. Mitigation purpose of the project is to demonstrate the applicabil- for the environmental impacts is now underway. ity of a systems approach to the design of erosion, sedi- Approximately 12,130 acres of cleared, frequently mentation, and flood control works by applying this flooded agricultural lands have been obtained in the approach to 16 demonstration watersheds in the Yazoo Yazoo Basin area of Mississippi to mitigate the Basin hill area. During FY 2010, work continued in the environmental losses resulting from construction of the DHP toward development of the systems plans and Upper Yazoo Projects, Big Sand Creek, Pelucia Creek, implementation of a monitoring program. Cumulative and Ascalmore-Tippo Bayou construction projects. This through FY 2010, the District has completed the land has been reforested and will be managed for construction of 213 low drop grade control structures, terrestrial, aquatic, wetlands, and waterfowl. A total of 228 miles of bank stabilization, 23 miles of channel 17,000 acres of mitigation will be acquired from willing improvement, 78 box culverts, 6 high drop grade sellers for this project. control structures, 1,520 riser pipe grade control structures, 9 floodwater retarding structures, 2 debris (j) Yazoo Basin backwater. The Yazoo area removal, and 9 miles of levees. backwater levees are complete, including the backwater levee from the Mississippi River levee to the west levee (h) Tributaries. Project to be reformulated. of the lower Auxiliary Channel, the Little Sunflower River drainage structure, and the connecting channel (i) Upper Yazoo Projects. The completed work from the Steele Bayou drainage structure to the Big extends from Yazoo City, Mississippi, to RM 213.85 Sunflower River. north of Hwy 8 near Philipp, Mississippi. The length of completed work, which includes channel improvement

41-21 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

The Satartia area backwater levee is complete. Condition as of Sep. 30. The first feature of Yazoo Rocky Bayou area levee Items lA and 1B have been Basin project was started in 1936, and the total project completed. Completed backwater levees will require is about 55% complete. raising to provide the degree of protection intended based on the project design flow line developed for the Memphis District Mississippi River following the 1973 flood. BAYOU METO BASIN, AR Four Greentree Reservoirs and pumping stations have been constructed to mitigate for the waterfowl Location. Project is located in east central Arkan- impacts of the project. Operation and maintenance is sas in Lonoke, Pulaski, Prairie, Jefferson, and Arkansas continuing on the pump stations. ARRA funds in the Counties. amount of $475,000 are being used for Greentree Reservoir operations and repair work and to standardize Existing project. The major problems are agricul- pumps. tural flooding, loss of environmental resources, and the depletion of the alluvial aquifer, which provides essen- Mitigation of the terrestrial impacts is now under- tially all the water used for agricultural irrigation and way. Approximately 8,800 acres of cleared, frequently baitfish farming and supports area wetlands. Features of flooded, agricultural lands have been obtained in the the project include diversion of excess water from the Yazoo Backwater area of Mississippi to mitigate the Arkansas River with delivery through a system of new terrestrial losses resulting from construction and opera- canals, existing ditches, and pipelines to the water tion of the Yazoo Area and Satartia Area levees proj- depleted areas; channel improvements, control ects. This land has been reforested and is managed for structures, and a pump station to provide for reduced terrestrial wildlife by the Mississippi Department of flooding and water management; and waterfowl Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks. An additional 3,848 acres management and restoration features. The sponsor is of mitigation is being considered as part of the Yazoo the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission, Backwater Reformulation Project to complete the partnering with the Bayou Meto Water Management mitigation for the Yazoo and Satartia Area levees. District.

Interpretive and Education Center, Theodore Operations and results during fiscal year. Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge Complex, MS, was FY 2010 funds ($149,000 regular Energy & Water and authorized by Consolidated Appropriations Act 2004, $37,000,000 ARRA) were used to fully fund Section 145, Public Law 108-199, that states: ―The construction of two pump stations, Pump Station No. 1 Secretary of the Army, acting through the Chief of and Little Bayou Meto Station. Contracts were Engineers, in consultation with the Secretary (Interior) awarded on August 27 and 30, 2010, respectively. The shall design and construct a Multiagency wildlife and design of Canal 1000 was also initiated. environmental interpretive and education center at a location in the South Delta area of the State (MS) to be Condition as of Sep. 30. The PPA was executed determined by a site selection and feasibility study with the sponsor on May 24, 2010. The PPA is being conducted by the Secretary of the Army.‖ The South modified to add the provision allowing the sponsor to Delta region is defined in the legislation as Leflore, receive credit for work in-kind services. The amended Holmes, Humphreys, Sharkey, Warren, and Washington PPA is scheduled to be submitted to Corps higher Counties of Mississippi. Phase I included site selection headquarters for review and approval in December and feasibility study, which have been completed. The 2010. center location is south of Rolling Fork in Sharkey County, MS, and has been acquired. Plans and Land acquisition by the BMWMD in partnership specifications for the Center are at 95% complete. The with the State of Arkansas is complete. The process has Environmental Assessment and Real Estate Design been initiated to acquire mitigation lands required to Memorandum are complete. offset environmental impacts resulting from construction of the project.

41-22 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

FRANCIS BLAND FLOODWAY DITCH (EIGHT Operations and results during fiscal year. Prior MILE CREEK), AR year funds and FY 2010 E&W ($9,661,000) funds were used for design of the Widened Canal Reservoir and Location. The project is located in the city of Canal 1000 and to fully fund the construction of the Paragould, AR. substructure for the DeValls Bluff pumping station which was awarded June 17, 2010. Construction of the Existing project. This flood damage reduction DeValls Bluff pumping station Inlet Channel continued project, which is located in Greene and Craighead through the fiscal year, and completion is expected in Counties, AR, was completed in November 2006. The early FY 2011. project consists of 12.4 miles of channel improvement (4.4 miles urban and 8.0 miles rural). The project will Condition as of Sep. 30. The sponsor is moving provide 100-year protection to most of the urban area of forward with acquisition of right-of-way for the project. Paragould. To reduce cost growth and keep the project within implementable range for the sponsors, the rate of Local cooperation. A Project Cooperation Agree- funding needs to be accelerated. Design on the pipes ment (PCA) was executed in June 1996. that carry the water from the pump station to the widened canal is nearly complete. Operations and results during fiscal year. Coordination of project closeout with the sponsor is MISSISSIPPI RIVER LEVEES ongoing. The final activity is the revision of FEMA flood plain maps. The Corps is working with FEMA Operations and results during fiscal year. Minor and their contractors to answer comments and complete maintenance on levees is performed by the local inter- hydraulic modeling for the physical map revisions. ests and major maintenance is performed as required for slide repairs, road rehabilitation, and other similar work Conditions as of Sep. 30. Coordination by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. continuing with FEMA for the revision of the Greene County flood plain maps via Letter of Map Revision. Mississippi River Levees Construction. E&W funds ($10,455,000) were used to install relief wells GRAND PRAIRIE REGION, AR along the levees in Arkansas and Mississippi; modify floodwall openings, continue engineering and design Location. Project is primarily located in Arkansas work for future levee construction work in Arkansas, and Prairie Counties and a small portion in Lonoke and Illinois, and Missouri; acquisition; and continue Monroe Counties. activities on the MRL feature of the St. Johns Bayou- New Madrid Floodway. Existing project. This project will provide for agricultural water supply, ground-water protection, and The Levee System Evaluation Report for the fish and wildlife restoration and enhancement. The National Flood Insurance Program for System 1, which project includes a major pumping station, conveyance provides protection to southern Illinois to include Cairo, channels, and conservation measures for the Grand Mound City, and the city of Mounds, was completed in Prairie area. The sponsors are the State of Arkansas and July 2010 and a ―Negative‖ finding was determined. the White River Regional Irrigation Water Distribution District. The purpose of the project is to induce farmers Mississippi River Levees Maintenance. E&W to use pumped water as opposed to drilling into the funds were used to continue operation and maintenance aquifers for irrigation water needs. Upon completion, of one pumping station in Missouri; repair levee slides; the project will allow the surface alluvial aquifer to install staff gages; resurface levees; test and rehabilitate recharge; effectively eliminate the use of the deeper, relief wells; and continue engineering and design more pure, Sparta Aquifer for irrigation purposes; and activities. ARRA funds were used to repair a floodgate preserve this aquifer for municipal and industrial water at Cache River, IL, and resurface levees in Illinois and supply requirements. Missouri.

41-23 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT to perform maintenance activities such as levee slide repairs, levee slope restoration, channel cleanouts/ Operations and results during fiscal year. Main- clearings, and culvert replacements. ARRA funds are tenance on dikes and revetments were performed by being used for channel cleanouts at Ditch 24, MO, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Continued construc- Ditch 81, AR; bridge scour repair Big Lake Floodway tion of new dikes and revetments in the Main Stem Ditch East, AR; to purchase and install catalytic Mississippi River System. See Table 41-J. converters for the W. G. Huxtable pumping plant, AR; aerial photography; and levee resurfacing at various Channel improvement. Regular appropriations locations in AR and MO. ($11,709,000) were used for revetment construction at Island 18, MO; and Mhoon Bend, MS; as well as dike White River Backwater, AR construction at Randolph, TN, and Seypell, AR. ARRA funds were used for dike construction at Ashport E&W funds ($1,176,000) were used to continue Goldust/Forked Deer, AR-TN, and bendway weirs at operation and maintenance activities at the Graham two locations in Tennessee (bend of Island 25 and Burke pumping station and to perform maintenance Reverie). Construction of 0.42 mile of new bank activities such as levee slide repairs. ARRA funds were revetment and 48,863 squares of concrete mattress for used for additional pumping requirements due to high maintenance along the Mississippi River was completed water stages and additional maintenance and repairs to by Government plant and hired labor. Also, 0.75 mile of the pumping station. new dikes was constructed and required maintenance was performed. ST. JOHNS BAYOU AND NEW MADRID FLOODWAY ST. FRANCIS BASIN, AR AND MO Location. This flood risk management project is Operations and results during fiscal year. located in the bootheel of Missouri. It covers two drainage basins adjacent to the Mississippi River: the Construction St. Johns Bayou Basin (450 sq mi) and the New Madrid Floodway (180 sq mi). A contract for construction of Fifteen Mile Bayou , Item 2a, was awarded in February 27, 2008, and is Existing project. Court ordered site restoration is completed. The construction of Fifteen Mile Bayou ongoing and is scheduled to be completed October channel enlargement is 32% completed. E&W funds 2010, dependent on Mississippi River stages. Prior ($3,525,000) are being used to continue engineering year funds and FY 2010 E&W funds for the St. Johns and design and construction activities to include project are being used to continue NEPA studies. The completion of the transfer of mitigation lands to first two of four phases of Independent External Peer Arkansas Game and Fish Commission. Review (IEPR) has been completed. The first phase included a review of past analyses. The second phase Condition as of Sep. 30. Project initiated 1937. consisted of a Project Work Plan that describes the Project is 90% complete. overall methodologies that will be used to complete the NEPA document. Future phases of review include the Maintenance Draft EIS (Phase 3) and Final EIS (Phase 4). A public scoping meeting was conducted in East Prairie, MO, in Supplemental funds are being used for design and May 2010. USACE is currently conducting detailed contract award for Buffalo Island Outlet, AR, culvert hydrologic, economic, and environmental studies for repair. E&W funds are being used to continue the NEPA document. operation and maintenance of two pumping plants and

41-24 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

Condition as of Sep. 30. USACE is restoring the comply with the legal requirements of the Consent closure levee construction site back to preconstruction Order. The preliminary estimate of the reevaluation cost conditions to comply with the U.S. District’s Court is $7,000,000, and it will take approximately 4 years to Order. Opposition to the project has been expressed by complete, pending the funding stream. Damages to environmental advocacy groups. NEPA is scheduled some of the completed project features from a May for completion in December 2012. 2010 storm event were identified and would be eligible for supplemental funds, if they become available. WEST TENNESSEE TRIBUTARIES, TN Condition as of Sep. 30. Approximately 41% of Location. The project is a flood control project the channel improvements were completed before located along the Obion and Forked Deer Rivers and project construction was stopped. Local landowners tributaries in west Tennessee, in Weakley, Madison, had concerns about environmental damage specifically Gibson, Obion, Dyer, Crockett, Lauderdale and to waterfowl habitat. A Consent Order requiring the Haywood Counties. purchase of 32,000 acres of mitigation land was reached in 1985 and construction resumed. However, Existing project. The project consists of 225 miles the project was shut down due to the denial of water of channel improvements on the Obion and Forked quality certification from the Tennessee Department of Deer Rivers and construction of 7.6 miles of levees to Environment and Conservation in 1990. provide adequate drainage outlets and reduce flooding; 174 water control structures, 216 erosion control WOLF RIVER, MEMPHIS, TN structures, 37 miles of water management connector channels to restore bottom-land hardwoods and Location. The Wolf River is located in Hardeman, fisheries; and the acquisition of 32,000 acres of Fayette, and Shelby Counties, TN, and Tippah, mitigation lands. Approximately 41% of the channel Marshall, and Benton Counties, MS. improvements were completed prior to the project being halted due to environmentally based litigation. A Existing project. The authorized project consists Consent Order was reached in 1985 and construction of six main channel weirs and eighteen tributary weirs resumed. However, the project was shut down due to for grade stabilization, two cutoff prevention weirs on the denial of water quality certification from the the main channel, trails, a 2,100-acre and wildlife Tennessee Department of Environment and corridors in Shelby County, and three boat ramps (two Conservation in 1990. Only 93 miles of the authorized in Shelby County and one in Fayette County.) channel improvements have been completed and Estimated annual benefits include over 2,144 annual 13,527 acres of the mitigation lands purchased. habitat unit values and $414,000 in recreational benefits. The project sponsors are Shelby County, Local cooperation. The project sponsor is the state Tennessee and the Chickasaw Basin Authority. of Tennessee acting through the West Tennessee River Basin Authority (WTRBA). Operations and results during fiscal year. Carry- over funds ($406,000) are available to complete plans Operations and results during fiscal year. Prior and specifications and fully fund construction of two year funds are being used to perform a site-specific boat ramps, pending receipt of sponsor’s cost-share. assessment of problems, needs, and opportunities. This The sponsor has indicated that their cost share will not assessment will produce a comprehensive, prioritized be available in time to initiate construction this fiscal list of problem areas and possible solutions (both year. Supplemental funds are being used to repair the Federal and non-Federal) and will direct the indepth access road due to damages from prior year storm analyses. A General Reevaluation Review (GRR) is events. being conducted to reformulate the project using environmentally acceptable construction procedures. Condition as of Sep. 30. Construction was The GRR will focus on methods that reduce flood completed on the first item of work in December 2005. damages in environmentally acceptable manners and The second item of work was completed in October 2006. Substantial damages to some of the completed

41-25 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

project features (including a main channel weir, trails, November 4, 2009, utilizing 284,126 acre-feet (48.9%) and access roads) were incurred by the May 2010 storm of the flood control storage. Peak 24-hour inflow was event. The weir is in jeopardy of being undermined by 52,000 dsf on October 31, 2009. On September 30, severe bank erosion. To date, all of the main channel 2010, the pool elevation was 359.94 feet, NGVD, stabilization weirs, six tributary weirs, one cutoff utilizing 33,369 acre-feet (5.8%) of the flood control prevention berm, and associated access roads have been storage. ARRA funds of $2.9 million used for constructed, thereby completing the ecosystem construction Phase 2 of State Highway D-5 relocation, restoration features of the project. FY 2008 funds were development of plans and specifications to improve a used to complete design and construction of dangerous curve and elevate a low lane of State approximately 2 miles of trails and lateral crossings (the Highway D-5, Emerald Ash Borer eradication, and easternmost segment proceeding west from Collierville- replacing shower house and campground rehabilitation Arlington Road), initiating the recreation portion of the in Peoples Creek Campground. Nearly $5.2 million in project. regular funds was expended on operation and maintenance of the project. St. Louis District

Operations and results during fiscal year.

WAPPAPELLO LAKE, MISSOURI

Wappapello Lake. The dam and appurtenant structures were maintained and operated. Maximum pool elevation was 379.73 feet, NGVD, on

41-26 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

TABLE 41-A MISSISSIPPI RIVER IMPROVEMENTS

Mileage Above Head of Passes Locality Improvement Remarks

0-9571 Head of Passes, LA-Cairo, IL Dredging, revetment, and contract work -- 10-81 The Jump-New Orleans, LA Main line levee, right bank -- 11-25 Baptiste Collette-Bayou Local levees, left bank -- Ostrica, LA 118 Davis Pond, LA (formerly Salinity control structure, right bank Authorized by Public Myrtle Grove, LA) Law 89-298 (HD 308/74/1). Included in MS Delta Region, LA features. Postauthorization change report, approved June 1987. 81 Caernarvon, LA Salinity control structure, left Authorized by Public bank Law 89-298 (HD 308/74/1). Included in MS Delta Region, LA features. 44-91 Bohemia, LA-New Orleans, Main line levee and floodwall, -- LA left bank 81-96 New Orleans, LA Main line levee, right bank Authorized by Public Law 81-516. 91-104 New Orleans, LA Main line levee and floodwall, Authorized by Public left bank Law 81-516. 96-279 New Orleans-Morganza, LA Main line levee, right bank -- 104-234 New Orleans-Baton Rouge, Main line levee, left bank -- LA 127-129 Bonnet Carré Floodway, LA Regulating spillway, left bank -- 129 Mississippi-Louisiana Salinity control structure, Authorized by Public Estuarine Areas, LA/MS left bank Public Law 100-676 (Bonnet Carré) 129-234 Bonnet Carré-Baton Rouge, Main line levee, left bank -- LA 235 Baton Rouge Harbor Devils Swamp barge channel Modified by Public Law 87-874. 279-287 Morganza Floodway, LA Regulating spillway, right bank -- 287-303 Morganza-Old River, LA Main line levee, right bank Extends up south bank of Old River to Barbre Landing. 303-314 Old River, LA control Levee closure and enlargement, Authorized by Public low and high water spillway Law 83-780. structures, navigation lock, and approach channels, right bank 314-572 Old River-Cypress Creek, AR Main line levee, right bank Joins Arkansas River, south bank levee. 437 Vicksburg Harbor, MS Harbor extension and industrial fill Authorized by Public Law 70-391. Modified by Public Laws 79-526 and 83-780. 437-721 Vicksburg-Lake View, MS Main line levee, left bank --

41-27 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

TABLE 41-A MISSISSIPPI RIVER IMPROVEMENTS (Continued)

Mileage Above Head of Passes Locality Improvement Remarks

490 Wilson Point, LA Pumping Plant and drainage Unpublished structure, right bank Vicksburg District’s MRC report approved Apr. 14, 1966.2 537 Greenville Harbor, MS Harbor improvements and port Authorized by Public area Law 85-500. 646 Long Lake, Helena, AR Culvert and floodgate, right Authorized by Public bank Law 79-526.2 605-666 Henrico-Helena, AR Main line levee and floodwall, -- right bank 672-993 St. Francis River-Commerce, Main line levee, right bank -- MO3 722-725 Industrial levee (Ensley Levee and pumping station -- Bottoms) 721-734 Memphis Harbor, TN Closure of Tennessee Chute, Authorized by Public industrial fill, levee, harbor Law 79-526. channels, etc. 803-873 Tiptonville-Obion River Main line levee, left bank, levee Modified by Acts of extension, and diversion Obion Jul. 24, 1946 and River Dec. 23, 1971. 857 Near Mud Lake, TN Pumping station and adjacent Authorized Dec. 15 channel improvements and 17, 1970 under Sec. 201 of Oct. 27, 1965 FC Act. 890 St. Johns Bayou, MO Drainage floodgate and levee Modified by Jul. 24, closure 1946 Act. 890 New Madrid Floodway, MO Drainage floodgate and levee Modified by Sep. 3, closure 1954 Act. 890-954 New Madrid-Birds Point, Floodway, right bank -- MO 902-922 Slough Bend, Hickman, KY Main line levee, left bank -- 922 Hickman, KY Floodwall, left bank -- 946 Peafield, MO Drainage floodgate Authorized by Sep. 3, 1954 Act. 9571 Cairo, Cairo drainage Floodwalls and levees -- district 9571 Cairo, Cairo drainage Floodwalls, levees, and pumping -- district, Mounds, Mound plant City, and vicinity Thebes-Rock Island, IL Levees, both banks Intermittent (Sec. 6). Cape Girardeau, MO, to Rock Levees Intermittent (Sec. 6). Island, IL

1. Cairo, IL, is on Ohio River about 3 miles above its mouth (Mississippi River mile 954 AHP). 2. Also see Table 41-D, ―Authorizing Legislation.‖ 3. Commerce, MO, is on Upper Mississippi River, 39 miles above mouth of Ohio River.

41-28 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

TABLE 41-B MISSISSIPPI RIVER TRIBUTARY AND OUTLET IMPROVEMENTS

Mileage Below Head of Atchafalaya River Locality Improvement Remarks

ATCHAFALAYA BASIN, LA1 Atchafalaya Basin, Morganza and West Atchafalaya Floodways 0-54 West Atchafalaya Floodway Floodway -- between Red River and Alabama Bayou 27-54 Morganza Floodway between Floodway -- Mississippi River and Alabama Bayou 54-117 Atchafalaya Basin Floodway Floodway -- between Alabama Bayou and Morgan City East protection levee (Morganza and Atchafalaya Floodways) 20-27 Lacour-Red Cross Levee, upper Morganza guide -- 25-117 Morganza-Morgan City Levee and Morgan City Including lower Morganza floodwall Floodway guide levee. 27 Bayou Latenache Drainage structure, Pointe Through upper Morganza guide Coupee, and channel levee and enlargement of outlet enlargement channel. 0-27 Upper Pointe Coupee Loop Additional drainage facilities Enlargement of Bayou area Latenache. Approved Jun. 4, 1970. See Table 41-D. 31-57 Bayou Fordoche-Ramah Drainage channel Levee landside borrow pit. 80 Bayou Sorrel1 Lock Alternate route, Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, Port Allen to Morgan City. 53-117 Bayou Sorrel Lock-Morgan Alternate navigation channel. Gulf Intracoastal Waterway City Gulf Intracoastal Waterway utilizes levee west side borrow pit channel. 117 Morgan City Lock in Bayou Boeuf1 Gulf Intracoastal Waterway. 117-129 Below Morgan City Channel relocation Bypass route for Gulf Intracoastal Waterway. 117-129 Below Morgan City Levee, floodwall East of lower river. Atchafalaya Basin Floodway lower protection levee 105 Calumet Floodgate, east Bayou Teche-Wax Lake Outlet. 105-120 Below Morgan City Levees, floodwall, drainage Enclosed area between Wax Lake structures, and pumping plants Lake Outlet and Berwick. 115 Berwick1 Lock Lower Atchafalaya River. 116 Patterson Water system Adjustment to provide fresh water. West protection levee (Atchafalaya Basin and West Atchafalaya Floodways) 5 Simmesport-Hamburg Levee fuse plug West Atchafalaya Floodway.

41-29 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

TABLE 41-B MISSISSIPPI RIVER TRIBUTARY (Continued) AND OUTLET IMPROVEMENTS

Mileage Below Head of Atchafalaya River Locality Improvement Remarks

5-105 Mansura to Wax Lake Outlet Protection levee -- Coulee des Grues Levee enlargement and floodgate -- extension 29 West Atchafalaya Floodway Railway -- 29 Morganza Floodway Railway -- 40 Bayou Darbonne Gated drainage structures Through West Atchafalaya protection levee. 40 West Atchafalaya Floodway Highway -- 40 Morganza Floodway Highway -- 41 Bayou Courtableau Gated drainage control -- structures and channels 41 West Atchafalaya Floodway Railway -- 41 Morganza Floodway Railway -- 94 Charenton Floodgate and approach Borrow pit channel to Grand channels Lake through West Atchafalaya protection levee. 94 Jaws-Lake Fausse Pointe Outlet, Charenton drainage Restoration of drainage west of canal and protection levee West Atchafalaya Basin protection levee. 105 Calumet Floodgate, west Bayou Teche and Wax Lake Outlet. 105 Wax Lake Outlet Drainage canal-railway and To lower flood heights. highway bridges Atchafalaya River 0-54 Barbre Landing-Alabama East bank, levee -- Bayou 5-6 Simmesport Levee, ring, and drainage -- structure 5-66 Simmesport-Bayou Garofier West bank, levee -- 28-30 Melville Levee, ring -- 40-41 Krotz Springs Levee, ring -- 54-117 Below Alabama Bayou Channel enlargement Increase channel capacities to decrease flood heights. 94-106 Mississippi River-Morgan City 12- by 125-foot navigation Through Grand and Six Mile channel Lakes.

TECHE-VERMILION BASINS, LA Atchafalaya River to Teche- Pumping station above Krotz Freshwater distribution from Vermilion Basins Springs, conveyance channels, Atchafalaya River to Teche- and appurtenant works Vermilion Basins.

41-30 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

TABLE 41-B MISSISSIPPI RIVER TRIBUTARY (Continued) AND OUTLET IMPROVEMENTS

Mileage Above Mouth Locality Improvement Remarks

Courtableau Basin, LA, and outlets 0-8 Charenton Canal Drainage channel Outlet to gulf 50-133 West Atchafalaya protection Drainage channel Intercepting drainage channel. levee borrow pit channel 96 Bayou Courtableau spillway Drainage control structure -- 133 Bayou des Glaises Diversion channel --

BAYOU COCODRIE AND TRIBUTARIES Bayou Courtableau Enlargement and additional Washington to west protection culverts levee. 0-17 Bayou Cocodrie Enlargement and realignment -- 17-40 Bayous Cocodrie-Boeuf New channel -- diversion 40-51 Bayou Boeuf New channel -- 51-60 Bayous Boeuf-Rapides New channel -- diversion 17-42 Upper Cocodrie Enlargement, clearing, and -- snagging Bayou Boeuf 87-107 Bayou Lamourie to Kincaid Enlargement, realignment, -- clearing, and snagging Structures 40 Lecompte Control Structure Fixed elevation weir -- 60 Bayou Rapides Control Gated drainage structure -- Structure 87 Bayou Lamourie Control Gated drainage structure -- Structure Various Railway, highway, and local road -- bridges, and pipeline crossing

LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN, LA Lake Pontchartrain, Jefferson Flood protection Parish, LA (2,3)

AMITE RIVER, LA Amite River, LA Bank protection Authorized by Public Law 81-516. Eliminated by Public Law 89-298.

LOWER RED RIVER, SOUTH BANK, RED RIVER LEVEES, LA 82-145 Moncla-Hotwells Levee, south bank -- Bayou Rapides Pumping Levee, south bank Senate Doc. (Public Law 84-99) plant and gravity Added to project by structure Public Law 101-514. Red River-Moncla to Lake Levees Intermittent (Sec. 6). Long

41-31 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

TABLE 41-B MISSISSIPPI RIVER TRIBUTARY (Continued) AND OUTLET IMPROVEMENTS

Mileage Above Mouth Locality Improvement Remarks

EASTERN RAPIDES AND SOUTH-CENTRAL AVOYELLES PARISHES, LA Eastern Rapides and south- Flood protection and drainage Authorized by Public Law central Avoyelles Parishes, LA improvement 91-611.

TENSAS BASIN, AR AND LA Red River backwater area Tensas-Cocodrie area Levees, drainage channels, (4) structures, and pumping plant 3-56 Larto Lake-Jonesville Levees, drainage channels, and (4) structures Sicily Island area Levees, drainage channels, (4) structures, and pumping plants 3-56 Below Red River area Levees, drainage channels, (4) structures, and pumping plants Black River, LA 5 Six Mile Bayou area Drainage structure and Unpublished VXD-MRC Letter appurtenant channel works Report dated May 31, 1977, MR&T authority.2 56 Jonesville, LA Levees, floodwall, pumping Portion of levee built under plant, and interior drainage Sec. 6. Incorporated in MR&T by Public Law 81-516.2 Ouachita River Levees, drainage channels, and Monroe to Sandy Bayou and structures Bawcomville (Sec. 6). Boeuf and Tensas Rivers and Bayou Macon, AR and LA Boeuf River, AR and LA 0-32 Below Bayou La Fourche Clearing (5) 0-56 Bayou La Fourche Channel improvement and (5) realignment 151-235 Boeuf River, AR and LA Channel improvement Authorized by Public Laws above Bayou La Fourche 78-534 and 79-526.2,3 210-286 Canal 19 Channel improvement (5) 286-296 Canal 19 extension Channel improvement (6) 0-75 Big and Colewa Creeks Channel improvement Authorized by Public Law 78-534.3 Tributaries of Boeuf River-- Canal 19 0-8 Fleschmans Bayou Channel improvement (6) 0-7 Caney Bayou Channel improvement (6) 0-33 Big Bayou Channel improvement (5) 0-10 Canal 18 Channel improvement (6) 0-9 Kirsch Lake Canal Channel improvement (6) 0-14 Black Pond Slough Channel improvement (6) Bayou Macon, AR and LA 0-170 Bayou Macon Channel improvement See Table 41-E 0-34 Canal 43 Channel improvement (5) 0-35 Canal 81 Channel improvement (5)

41-32 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

TABLE 41-B MISSISSIPPI RIVER TRIBUTARY (Continued) AND OUTLET IMPROVEMENTS

Mileage Above Mouth Locality Improvement Remarks

Lake Chicot Pumping plant and drainage To divert flows from Authorized by Public Law structure Lake Chicot 90-483. Tributary of Bayou Macon 0-6 Rush Bayou Clearing (6) Tensas River, AR and LA 0-165 Tensas River Channel improvement Authorized by Public Law Tributary of Tensas River 78-534.3 0-22 Mill and Vidal Bayous Channel improvement Authorized by Public Law Grant’s Canal, LA 89-298. 0-0.2 Grant’s Canal at Lake Filling canal Authorized by Public Law Providence 81-516.

LOWER ARKANSAS RIVER, AR 23-98 Yancopin-Pine Bluff Levee, south bank -- 35-98 Fletcher Bend, AR, to Revetment -- Pine Bluff 48-102 North Little Rock to Gillett Levee, north bank (5) (below Plum Bayou)

GRAND PRAIRIE-BAYOU METO, AR Grand Prairie Region and Aquifer protection. Authorized by Public Law Bayou Meto Basin, AR water supply and environ- 81-516. mental improvements

YAZOO BASIN, MS 0-75 Yazoo Backwater area Levees and pumping plants -- 0-381 Yazoo River System below Channel improvement Including Tallahatchie and Arkabutla Lake Coldwater Rivers. 75-366 Yazoo River between Yazoo Levees, right bank Intermittent. City and Prichard 75-345 Yazoo River between Yazoo Levees, left bank Intermittent. City and Askew 45-109 Will M. Whittington Auxiliary Floodway channel -- Channel 75 Yazoo City protection Levee, drainage structure, and -- pumping plant Rocky Bayou area Channel clearing and Improvement of 7.8 miles was enlargement approved Apr. 29, 1970. 127 Belzoni protection Levee and floodwall -- 185 Greenwood protection Levees, channel improvement, -- drainage structures, and pumping plants 381 Arkabutla Lake Flood detention and conservation See Table 41-C. 0-64 Yalobusha River below Channel improvement -- Grenada Lake 64 Grenada Lake Flood detention and conservation See Table 41-C. 0-24 Tallahatchie River-Little Levees, Panola-Quitman Floodway -- Tallahatchie River 0-26 Little Tallahatchie River Channel improvement -- below Sardis Lake

41-33 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

TABLE 41-B MISSISSIPPI RIVER TRIBUTARY (Continued) AND OUTLET IMPROVEMENTS

Mileage Above Mouth Locality Improvement Remarks

26 Sardis Lake Flood detention and conservation See Table 41-C. 0-13 Yocono River below Enid Lake Channel improvement -- 13 Enid Lake Flood detention and conservation See Table 41-C. 0-88 Cassidy Bayou below Old Channel improvement Including Moore’s Bayou, Cutoff Coldwater River Bayou, Whiting Lake and outlet. 137-260 Upper Yazoo Projects Floodway channel -- 75-381 Area between main stem and Levees and channel improvement Authorized by Public Law hills including Bobo Bayou 79-526. McKinney Bayou Channel improvement and Authorized by Public Law enlargement of pumping plant. 79-526. 0-8.3 Alligator-Catfish Bayous Channel improvement Authorized by Public Law 89-298. As modified in GDM in 1967. 0-23 Bear Creek Channel improvement Authorized by Public Law 89-298. 0-42 Whiteoak Bayou Channel improvement Authorized by Public Law 89-298. 275-290 Tallahatchie River, MS Two road crossings of Panola- Authorized by Public Law Quitman Floodway, MS, and for 90-147. protection of Sheley Bridge Big Sunflower River, etc. 0-204 Big Sunflower River Channel improvement Authorized by Public Law 78-534.3 0-8 Hull Brake-Mill Creek Canal Channel improvement -- 0-28 Hushpuckena River Channel improvement -- 0-81 Quiver River Channel improvement -- Gin and Muddy Bayous, MS Channel improvement Authorized by Public Law 87-874. 0-43 Bogue Phalia Channel improvement Authorized by Public Law 78-534.3 0-4 Ditchlow Bayou Channel improvement Authorized by Public Law 78-534.3 0-27 Little Sunflower River Channel improvement Authorized by Public Law 78-534.3 153-160 Deer Creek Channel improvement Authorized by Public Law 78-534.3 0-68 Steele Bayou Channel improvement Authorized by Public Law 78-534.3 Modified in December 1970. See Table 41-D. Muddy Bayou Water-control structure Approved Mar. 3, 1970. See Table 41-D.

LOWER WHITE RIVER AND BASIN, AR 13-55 Laconia Circle-Old Town Lake Levee, backwater including Mile 605-645 Mississippi River. outlet Pumping plant (6) 0-68 Big Creek and tributaries Channel improvement and Authorized by Public Law structures 89-298.

41-34 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

TABLE 41-B MISSISSIPPI RIVER TRIBUTARY (Continued) AND OUTLET IMPROVEMENTS

Mileage Above Mouth Locality Improvement Remarks

99 Clarendon levee Levee and outlet structures Authorized by Public Law 89-298. 108-192 Augusta to Clarendon Levees, outlet structures (5) 122 De Valls Bluff Levee, outlet structure, and (5) pumping station 143 Des Arc, AR Levee, outlet structure, and Authorized by Public Law pumping station 81-516.

CACHE BASIN, AR 0-196 Cache River, AR Channel improvement and Authorized by Public Law structures 81-516. 0-90 Bayou DeView, AR Channel improvement and Authorized by Public Law structures 81-516.

ST. FRANCIS RIVER AND BASIN, AR AND MO 35 Ten and Fifteen Mile Bayou Channel improvement and Authorized by 2000 Omnibus Bill Structures 260 Inter-River Drainage District Channel improvement and two Authorized Dec. 16, 1975. See in Missouri outlet structures Table 41-D. 0-225 Mouth of St. Francis River- Floodway, levees, drainage -- Wappapello Dam channels, and structures 225 Wappapello Lake Flood detention and conservation See Table 41-C. 0-105 Little River Basin Floodway, levees, drainage -- channels, and structures 86 Marked Tree, AR Marked Tree Siphon -- 0-36 Tyronza River Channel improvement -- 0-29 Big Slough Ditch Channel improvement --

0-17 Mayo Ditch Channel improvement -- 0-12 Cross County Ditch Channel improvement -- Belle Fountain Ditch Channel improvement Authorized by Public Law 90-483. Drainage District No. 17 Channel improvement and Authorized by Public Law pumping station 90-483.

L’ANGUILLE RIVER, AR 0-108 L’Anguille River and Channel improvement Authorized by Public Law tributaries, Brushy and First 80-858. Creeks

WEST TENNESSEE TRIBUTARIES 0-25 Wolf River and tributaries, TN Channel improvement (6) Obion River and tributaries, Channel improvement Authorized by 1948 Flood North, South, Middle, and Control Act. Rutherford Forks Forked Deer River and Channel improvement Authorized by 1948 Flood tributaries, North, Middle, Control Act. and South Forks Mud Lake Pumping Station, Pumping plant Authorized by Resolutions TN Dec. 15 and 17, 1970.2

41-35 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

TABLE 41-B MISSISSIPPI RIVER TRIBUTARY (Continued) AND OUTLET IMPROVEMENTS

Mileage Above Mouth Locality Improvement Remarks

Harris Fork Creek, TN Flood control improvements Authorized by Water Resources and KY Act of Oct. 22, 1976.2 Section 102, 1976.2 Porter Gap, TN Construction to main-stem Section 183, 1976.2 standards, levee and appurtenant structures for flood control

REELFOOT LAKE-LAKE NO. 9, TN AND KY 0-20 Running Reelfoot Bayou, TN Channel improvement Authorized by Public Law 83-780. 0-15 Bayou du Chien and Lake Channel improvements and Authorized in December 1970. No. 9, KY and TN pumping station See Table 41-D.

WEST KENTUCKY TRIBUTARIES, KY 0-47 Obion Creek, KY Channel improvement Authorized by Public Law 89-298.

LITTLE RIVER DIVERSION CHANNEL, MO Delta to Ancell, MO Levees Mile 49 above Cairo.

MISSOURI RIVER, MO 0-28 Mouth to St. Charles, MO Levees Intermittent (Sec. 6).

ILLINOIS RIVER, IL 0-120 Mouth to Havana, IL Levees Intermittent (Sec. 6).

OHIO RIVER, IL AND KY Cairo to Mound City and Floodwall, levee, revetment, and Mounds, IL pumping plant

1. General data concerning Bayou Boeuf, Bayou Sorrel, and Berwick locks where Atchafalaya Basin protection levees cross Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, alternate route to Plaquemine, LA, and lower Atchafalaya River (extension of Bayou Tech Waterway), respectively, are in report of New Orleans District. 2. Also see Table 41-D, ―Authorizing Legislation.‖ 3. Public Law 81-516 modified requirements of local cooperation. 4. Authorized by Public Law 77-228. Modified by Public Law 89-298. 5. Authorized or incorporated in MR&T by Public Law 79-526.3 See Table 41-D. 6. Authorized by Public Law 85-500.

41-36 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

TABLE 41-C MISSISSIPPI RIVER TRIBUTARY DAMS AND LAKES

Grenada Enid Sardis Arkabutla Wappapello Name1 Lake Lake Lake Lake Lake

River Yalobusha Yocona Little Tallahatchie Coldwater St. Francis Nearest town to damsite Grenada Enid Sardis Arkabutla Wappapello Drainage area, square miles 1,320 560 1,545 1,000 1,310

Conservation pool: Area, thousand acres 10 6 11 5 4 Volume, thousand acre-feet 86 58 108 31 31 Elevation, feet, NGVD 193.0 230.0 236.0 209.3 354.7

Flood control pool: Area, thousand acres 65 28 58.5 33 23 Volume, thousand acre-feet 1.252 602 1,462 494 582 Runoff, inches 17.8 20.2 17.7 9.3 8.4

Outlet gates: Number 3 2 4 3 3 Size, feet 7.5 by 14 8 by 16 6 by 12 8.5 by 19 10 by 20 Capacity, thousand cubic feet per second 10.7 9.4 10.0 10.0 18.0

Spillway: Type, uncontrolled Chute Chute Chute Chute Gravity Length, feet 200 200 400 300 740 Elevation, crest, feet, NGVD 231.0 268.0 281.4 238.3 394.7 Discharge capacity, thousand cubic feet per second 52 50 132 89 229

Surcharge pool: Area, thousand acres 106 41 90 63 32 Volume, thousand acre-feet 1,385 554 1,447 858 521 Runoff, inches 19.7 18.5 17.6 16.1 7.5 Elevation, feet, NGVD 247.5 284.0 301.0 256.3 413.7

Dam: Type, earthfill Rolled Rolled Hydraulic Rolled Rolled Length, thousand feet 13.9 8.4 15.3 11.5 2.7 Elevation, crest, feet, NGVD 256.0 293.0 311.4 264.3 419.7

1. Grenada, Enid, Sardis, and Arkabutla Lakes are in Yazoo River Basin, MS; Wappapello Lake is in St. Francis River Basin, MO.

41-37 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

TABLE 41-D AUTHORIZING LEGISLATION

Act or Authorization Work Authorized Document

May 15, 1928 Flood protection in alluvial valley of Mississippi River, revetment H. Doc. 90, 70th Cong., and contraction works and dredging to provide least channel 1st sess. depth of 9 feet and width of 300 feet below Cairo.

Jun. 19, 1930 Provided for allotment of the balance of emergency rescue funds Public Law 395, 71st Cong., to reimburse levee districts and others for expenditures in flood- 2d sess. control works during the 1927 and subsequent floods.

Feb. 15, 1933 Provided for ownership of lands in Bonnet Carré Spillway and Public Law 351, 72d Cong. Floodway with proviso for granting rights-of-way, easements, and permits, in said lands.

Apr. 23, 1934 Authorized payment for purchase of, or to reimburse states and Public Law 171, 73d Cong. local levee districts for the cost of, levee rights-of-way for flood- control work in the Mississippi Valley, and for other purposes.

Aug. 30, 1935 Improvement of Wolf and Nonconnah Rivers, TN (Nonconnah R&H Comm. Doc. 26, Creek is correct title). 72d Cong., 1st sess. Improvement of Wolf River (Memphis Harbor), TN. R&H Comm. Doc. 45, 74th Cong., 1st sess.

Jun. 15, 1936 Modification of the 1928 Act to provide for: Construction of a backwater levee at mouth of White River, AR. Unpublished report dated Apr. 2, 1925. Construction of Eudora floodway in lieu of Boeuf floodway; flood H. Comm. on Flood control, Yazoo River: construction of Morganza floodway; and an Control, outlet to the Gulf of Mexico west of Berwick, LA, including a Doc. 1, 74th Cong., 6-year program for the improvement and regularization of the 1st sess. Mississippi River between Arkansas and Red Rivers, and Atchafalaya River; and construction of roads on levees and drainage adjustments incident to floodway levees.

Aug. 28, 1937 Provided for construction of floodwalls, levees, and revetments Unpublished report on along Wolf River and Nonconnah Creek for protection of record in OCE. Memphis, TN. Modify the Yazoo River project to substitute a combined reservoir floodway and levee plan.

Jun. 28, 1938 Construction of Mounds to Mound City levee and control works H. Comm. on Flood along Cache River, IL. Control, Doc. 1, 75th Cong., 1st sess. Modification of previous act pertaining to floodways and outlets H. Comm. on Flood Control, and lands therein; including program for the improvement and Doc. 1, 75th Cong., regularization of the Mississippi River, between Cairo and 1st sess. Arkansas River, extension of levee road system; strengthening of levees.

Aug. 18, 1941 Enlarge main line levees to offset abandonment of floodways H. Doc. 359, 77th Cong., between Arkansas and Red Rivers, flood-control works in 1st sess. backwater areas of Yazoo and Red Rivers, and in Bayous Rapides, Beouf, and Cocodrie, LA.

41-38 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

TABLE 41-D AUTHORIZING LEGISLATION (Continued)

Act or Authorization Work Authorized Document

Dec. 22, 1944 Navigation channel 12 feet deep and 300 feet wide between H. Doc. 509, 78th Cong., Baton Rouge and Cairo; flood protection of Yazoo River 2d sess. Backwater Area in vicinity of Satartia, MS. Continue prosecution of channel improvement and stabilization Public Law 534, program, $200 million. 78th Cong., 2d sess.

Jul. 24, 1946 Flood control on the Big Sunflower, Little Sunflower, H. Doc. 516, 78th Cong., Hushpuckena, and Quiver Rivers and their tributaries, and on 2d sess. Hull Brake-Mill Creek Canal, Bogue Phalia, Ditchlow Bayou, Deer Creek, and Steele Bayou, MS.1 Improve Boeuf and Tensas Rivers and Bayou Macon, AR.1 S. Doc. 151, 78th Cong., 2d sess. Improve Bayou Lafourche, LA. S. Doc. 191, 79th Cong., 2d sess. Improve Yazoo River tributaries. H. Doc. 516, 78th Cong., 2d sess. North bank, Arkansas River levees(below Plum Bayou).1 H. Doc. 308, 74th Cong., 1st sess. Levees on White River (Augusta to Clarendon).1 H. Doc. 98, 76th Cong., 1st sess. Bayou des Glaises diversion channel, LA.1 H. Doc. 602, 79th Cong., 2d sess. Modify local cooperation requirements in St. Francis and Yazoo Public Law 526, Basins. 79th Cong., 2d sess. Tiptonville-Obion levee and drainage improvements.1 H. Doc. 757, 79th Cong., 2d sess. Improvement of St. Johns Bayou, MO. H. Doc. 138, 80th Cong., 1st sess. Big Sunflower River, etc.1 H. Doc. 516,78th Cong., 2d sess. Tennessee Chute (Memphis Harbor), TN. S. Doc. 51, 80th Cong., 1st sess. Continue prosecution of project for flood control and channel Public Law 526, improvement, $100 million. 79th Cong., 2d sess.

Jun. 30, 1948 Improve Mississippi River below Cape Girardeau, MO, with H. Doc. 627, respect to West Tennessee tributaries. 80th Cong., 2d sess.

Improve L’Anguille River, AR. H. Doc. 651, 80th Cong., 2d sess. Baton Rouge Harbor (Devils Swamp), LA.1 H. Doc. 321, 80th Cong., 1st sess.

May 17, 1950 Flood protection at Des Arc, AR. H. Doc. 485, 81st Cong., 2d sess. Improve St. Francis River and Basin, AR and MO. H. Doc., 132, 81st Cong., 1st sess. Improve Cache River and Bayou DeView, AR and MO. S. Doc. 88, 81st Cong., 1st sess. Improve Grand Prairie Region and Bayou Meto Basin, AR. H. Doc. 255, 81st Cong., 1st sess.

41-39 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

TABLE 41-D AUTHORIZING LEGISLATION (Continued)

Act or Authorization Work Authorized Document

Flood protection, Lake Pontchartrain, Jefferson Parish, LA.1 S. Doc. 139, 81st Cong., 2d sess. Filling Grant’s Canal, Lake Providence, LA. Public Law 516, 81st Cong., 2d sess. Additional protection to Red River Backwater Area. Public Law 516, 81st Cong., 2d sess. Extend Federal jurisdiction to cover levees in Orleans Parish, LA. Public Law 516, 81st Cong., 2d sess. Bank protection, Amite River, LA. Public Law 516, 81st Cong., 2d sess. Continue prosecution of project for flood control and channel Public Law 516, 81st Cong., improvement, $200 million. 2d sess. Jonesville, LA, levee, retaining wall, and drainage structure.1 S. Doc. 117, 81st Cong., 1st sess.

Oct. 30, 1951 Modify requirements for local cooperation in White River Public Law 237, 82d Cong., Backwater Area, AR. 1st sess.

Sep. 3, 1954 Navigation improvement of Atchafalaya from Mississippi River S. Doc. 53, 82d Cong., to Morgan City, LA. 1st sess. Modify project for Vicksburg-Yazoo Area (Harbor), MS. H. Doc. 85, 83d Cong., 1st sess. Improve New Madrid Floodway, MO, including Peafield drainage H. Doc. 183, 83d Cong., floodgate and the New Madrid Closure Levee and box culverts. 1st sess. Control of Old and Atchafalaya Rivers and a lock for navigation. H. Doc. 478, 83d Cong., 2d sess. Improve Reelfoot Lake area, KY and TN. S. Doc. 160, 83d Cong., 2d sess. Jul. 3, 1958 Improve Greenville Harbor, MS. S. Doc. 15, 86th Cong., 1st sess. Extensions to project for Boeuf and Tensas Rivers and Bayou H. Doc. 108, 85th Cong., Macon in Arkansas. 1st sess. White River backwater area pumping plant. S. Doc. 26, 85th Cong., 1st sess. Wolf River and tributaries for flood protection in Tennessee. H. Doc. 76, 85th Cong., 1st sess.

Jul. 14, 1960 Continue prosecution of project for channel improvement-- Public Law 86-645. $50 million.

Oct. 23, 1962 Modification--Baton Rouge Harbor (Devils Swamp), LA. Public Law 87-874. Construct improvements in Gin and Muddy Bayous, Yazoo River Public Law 87-874 Basin, MS. Replace 2 bridges with adequate floodway over Boeuf River and Public Law 87-874. Big Bayou in Boeuf Basin, AR.

Jun. 18, 1965 Continue prosecution of project for flood control and channel Public Law 89-42. improvement, $53 million.

41-40 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

TABLE 41-D AUTHORIZING LEGISLATION (Continued)

Act or Authorization Work Authorized Document

Oct. 27, 1965 Modify and expand levees and channel improvement features of H. Doc. 308, 88th Cong., main stem project. 2d sess. Modify flood control improvements in following tributary areas H. Doc. 308, 88th Cong., and basins: Cairo-Mounds-Mounds City, St. Francis, Lower 2d sess. White, Boeuf-Tensas-Macon, Red River backwater, Yazoo headwater, Grand Prairie, and Bayou Meto. Acquire any modified easements required in New Madrid H. Doc. 308, 88th Cong., Floodway as provided by Sec. 4 of May 15, 1928 act. 2d sess. Operate and maintain pumping plant in Red River backwater H. Doc. 308, 88th Cong., area (Tensas-Cocodrie Pumping Plant). 2d sess. Provide improvements in West Kentucky tributaries. H. Doc., 308, 88th Cong., 2d sess. Provide fish and wildlife facilities in St. Francis and Big H. Doc. 308, 88th Cong., Sunflower Basins; Yazoo Headwater and Backwater Areas; and 2d sess. Mississippi Delta region. Deauthorize Amite River, LA, project. H. Doc. 308, 88th Cong., 2d sess. Modify St. Francis River, MO and AR, project within District S. Doc. 57, 89th Cong., No. 7, Poinsett County, AR. 1st sess.

Apr. 14, 19662 Provide pumping plant and drainage structure at Wilson Unpublished Vicksburg Point, LA. District’s MRC report. Approved Apr. 14, 1966.

Nov. 7, 1966 Construction of improvements to supplement freshwater supply H. Doc. 524, 89th Cong., in Teche-Vermilion Basins in Louisiana. 2d sess. Bank revetment for protection of existing industrial facilities Public Law 89-789. along Mississippi River below Baton Rouge, LA. Modification of West Tennessee tributaries feature to provide Public Law 89-789. relocation of gas transmission lines at Federal expense.

Nov. 20, 1967 Continue emergency work, $87,135,000, which includes $100,000 Public Law 90-147. for road crossing of Panola-Quitman Floodway, MS, and $80,000 for protection of Sheley Bridge, Tallahatchie River, MS.

Aug. 13, 1968 Improvements in Boeuf and Tensas Rivers and Bayou Macon H. Doc. 168, 90th Cong., Basin to divert flows that would otherwise enter Lake Chicot, 1st sess. AR. Improvements in the Belle Fountain ditch and tributaries, MO, H. Doc. 339, 90th Cong., and Drainage District No. 17, AR. 2d sess. Provide pumping plants and other drainage facilities in Cairo, Public Law 90-483. IL, and vicinity.

Sep. 10, 19683 Modification of Yazoo Headwater Project to include cleanout Unpublished MRC report along David Bayou, MS. dated May 8, 1968.

Mar. 3, 19703 Modify Yazoo Backwater feature to include a control structure in Unpublished MRC report Muddy Bayou, MS. dated Feb. 2, 1970.

41-41 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

TABLE 41-D AUTHORIZING LEGISLATION (Continued)

Act or Authorization Work Authorized Document

Apr. 29, 19703 Modification of Yazoo Headwater Project to include drainage Unpublished MRC report structure and channel improvement on Rocky Bayou, MS. dated Mar. 6, 1970.

Jun. 4, 19703 Provide for enlargement of Bayou Latenache from Pointe Coupee Unpublished MRC report drainage structure to Alabama Bayou, LA. dated Sep. 22, 1969.

Dec. 31, 1970 Modify and expand project to include flood protection within the S. Doc. 91-113, 2d sess. area of eastern Rapides and south-central Avoyelles Parishes, LA, that are drained by Bayou des Glaises diversion channel and Lake Long, and their tributaries. Modify the project for West Kentucky tributaries (Obion Creek), Public Law 91-611. KY, to provide for all relocations, at Federal expense, of all transmission lines required by the project.

Senate and Report on Western Tennessee Tributaries, TN and KY, H. Doc. 91-414, 2d sess. House Public authorized: Works a. Modification of Reelfoot Lake feature to provide channel Resolutions improvements on Bayou du Chien and Lake No. 9 in KY and adopted Dec. 17 TN. and 15, 1970, b. Modification of Mississippi levee feature to include a respectively.4 pumping station near Mud Lake floodgate and adjacent channel improvements. Modification of Big Sunflower Basin feature to provide S. Doc. 91-74, 2d sess. additional improvements in Steele Bayou Basin, MS.

River Basin Continue prosecution of project for the comprehensive Sec. 1, Public Law 92-222. Monetary Act development of the basin, $97 million. of Dec. 23, 1971 Modification of Tiptonville-Obion River levee feature to relieve Sec. 7, Public Law 92-222. local interests of all responsibility except that of providing maintenance.

Jan. 19, 1973 Modification of the Mississippi levee feature to provide additional Unpublished Memphis drainage facilities in Long Lake area, vicinity of Helena, AR. District’s MRC report dated Oct. 4, 1972.

TITLE I Water Projects recommended by four completed reports were Sec. 1, Public Law 93-251, Resources authorized for accomplishment of Phase I design memorandum Mar. 7, 1974. Development of advance engineering and design on: Act of 1974. a. Greenville Harbor, Greenville, MS. S. Doc. 93-38, 1st sess. b. East bank of Mississippi River, Warren to Wilkinson H. Doc. 93-148, 1st sess. Counties, MS (Natchez area). c. East bank of Mississippi River, Warren to Wilkinson H. Doc. 93-148, 1st sess. Counties, MS (Vicksburg-Yazoo area). d. Bushley Bayou Area of Red River Backwater Area, LA. H. Doc. 93-157, 1st sess. Modification of West Tennessee tributaries feature (Obion and Sec. 3, Public Law 93-251. Forked Deer Rivers), TN, to acquire lands for fish and wildlife, recreation, and environmental purposes.

41-42 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

TABLE 41-D AUTHORIZING LEGISLATION (Continued)

Act or Authorization Work Authorized Document

Modification of the Yazoo Basin, MS, feature to provide for a Sec. 32, Public Law 93-251. streambank erosion control demonstration project for the delta and hill areas of basin. Modification of project to provide that the Secretary of the Army, Sec. 42, Public Law 93-251. acting through the Chief of Engineers, can substitute authorized mitigation lands, not yet acquired and no longer suitable, for like acreage in the same or adjacent subbasins of the project area. This section provides the authority to substitute authorized mitigation lands in: a. Tensas Basin, LA and AR, feature (Red River backwater). b. St. Francis Basin, AR and MO, feature. Modification of Bayou Cocodrie and tributaries, LA, feature, to Sec. 87, Public Law provide for: enlargement of Bayou Courtableau from 93-251. Washington to west protection levee; right-of-way and spoil disposal areas at Federal expense; and necessary additional culverts through west protection levee. Modification of Cache River Basin, AR, feature to provide for: Sec. 99, Public Law acquisition by fee easements of lands for fish and wildlife 93-251. management, recreation, and environmental purposes.

TITLE II River Continue prosecution of project for the comprehensive Sec. 201, Public Basin development of the basin, $211 million. Law 93-251. Monetary Mar. 7, 1974. Authorization Act of 1974

River Basin Continue prosecution of project for the comprehensive Sec. 1, Public Law Monetary Act development of the basin, $158,000,000. 94-101. of Oct. 2, 1975

Dec. 16, 19752 Modification of St. Francis Basin, AR and MO, feature to provide Unpublished Memphis relief from ponding of interior runoff in the Inter-River District’s MRC report Drainage District of Missouri. dated Nov. 11, 1975.

TITLE II Public Continue prosecution of project for comprehensive development Public Law 94-180, Works for during period Jul. 1-Sep. 30, 1976, $60,300,000. Dec. 26, 1975. Water and Power Development and Energy Research Appropriation Act, 1976.

41-43 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

TABLE 41-D AUTHORIZING LEGISLATION (Continued)

Act or Authorization Work Authorized Document

TITLE II Public Continue prosecution of project for flood control, rescue work, Public Law 94-355, Works for repair, restoration, and control of bank erosion, $231,497,000. Jul. 12, 1976. Water and Power Development and Energy Research Appropriation Act, 1977.

Water Resources Sec. 101(a) authorized accomplishment of Phase I - Advanced Public Law 94-587, Development Engineering and Design Memoranda-On: Oct. 22, 1976. Act of 1976. a. St. Johns Bayou and New Madrid Floodway, MO, project: Report of OCE - Sep. 26,1975. b. Nonconnah Creek, TN and MS, project: Report of OCE - Jun. 23, 1976, and as an independent part of the project: Improvements for flood control and allied purposes on Horn Lake Creek and tributaries, including Cowpen Creek, TN and MS. Modification of West Tennessee Tributaries feature (Obion and Forked Deer Rivers), TN, to: a. (Sec. 102) - Provide project for flood control for Harris Fork Creek, TN and KY: (H.D. 94-221) except that highway bridge relocations and alterations shall be at Federal expense. b. (Sec. 183) - Provide for construction of a levee and appurtenant works from mouth of Obion diversion channel to vicinity Highway 88 and thence to vicinity of Porter Gap, TN.

TITLE II Public Continue prosecution of project for flood control, rescue work, Public Law 95-96 Works for repair, restoration, and control of bank erosion, $253,081,000. Aug. 7, 1977. Water and Power Development and Energy Research Appropriation Act, 1978.

Dec. 9, 1977, 5th Modification of the Tensas Basin Project, Red River Backwater Unpublished Vicksburg Ind. on VXD Area, to include a drainage structure and appurtenant channel District report dated May 31, 1977, works in the Six Mile Bayou area of Concordia Parish, LA. May 31, 1977, on Cynthia Letter Report.2 and Six Mile Bayous, LA.

Jun. 28, 1980 The establishment of the Tensas River National Wildlife Refuge Public Law 96-285, for the preservation and development of environmental Jun. 28, 1980. resources and in lieu of mitigation acquisitions which otherwise would be required for certain water resources projects, within designated limits, in the basins of the Tensas, Boeuf, and Red Rivers in the State of Louisiana.

41-44 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

TABLE 41-D AUTHORIZING LEGISLATION (Continued)

Act or Authorization Work Authorized Document

Energy and For expenses necessary for prosecuting work of flood control Public Law 96-367, Water projects, rescue work, repair, restoration or maintenance of Oct. 1, 1980. Development flood control projects threatened or destroyed by flood, Appropriation $232,519,000: Provided, That not less than $250,000 be Act. 1981 available for control of bank erosion of streams in the Yazoo Basin, including the foothill area. Provided further, That funds for the Tensas Basin Red River Backwater Area, be used for flood control, etc., for Sicily Island and Below Red River including pumping stations.

Supplemental Authorizes and directs the Secretary of the Army acting FY 1985 Supplemental Appropriations through the Chief of Engineers to proceed with planning, Appropriations Bill Bill for FY design, engineering, and construction of 41 water resources (PL 99-88), and Water Ending projects, including Atchafalaya Basin Floodway System. For Resources Development Sep. 30, 1985 the Atchafalaya Basin Floodway Systems project, cost-sharing Act of 1986 (PL 99-662). (PL 99-88), and is only required for the recreation feature of the project. The the Water flood control and environmental features are Federal costs. Resources Development Act of 1986 (PL 99-662)

Water Sec. 104(a), Authorization of Projects - Authorization of Public Law 99-662, Resources Construction: Nov. 17, 1986. Development Incorporation of the project for flood control, Louisiana State Act, 1986 Penitentiary levee, Mississippi River, LA: Report of the Chief of Engineers, dated Dec. 10, 1982, at a total cost of $23,400,000, with an estimated first Federal cost of $17,600,000 and an estimated first non-Federal cost of $5,800,000. No acquisition of land for or actual construction of the project may commence until appropriate non-Federal interests shall agree to undertake measures to minimize the loss of fish and wildlife habitat lands in the project area. The work is unscheduled. a. Bushley Bayou, LA. Water Resources Development Act of 1986 authorized the project for flood control, Bushley Bayou, LA. b. Eight Mile Creek, Paragould, AR. Project entails channel improvement along the creek with miniparks and hiking/ biking trails. c. Helena and Vicinity, AR. The Helena Basin is an urban basin containing approximately 3,500 acres which frequently and severely floods the city of Helena. A pumping station and sump with channel enlargement and a gated culvert was recommended. d. West Memphis and Vicinity, AR. Channel improvements along Ten Mile Bayou and Fifteen Mile Bayou for a total of 23.86 miles, with limited revegetation of right-of-way to maintain environmental stability. e. St. Johns Bayou and New Madrid Floodway, MO. Flood control for urban and rural land.

41-45 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

TABLE 41-D AUTHORIZING LEGISLATION (Continued)

Act or Authorization Work Authorized Document

f. Nonconnah Creek and Johns Creek, TN and MS. Channel enlargement, recreation features with channel construction and environmental enhancement. g. Horn Lake Creek and Tributaries, TN and MS. This is an urban flood control project located in extreme northwest Mississippi and southwest Tennessee. The plan of improvement consists of 3.5 miles of selective drift removal on lower Horn Lake Creek and 2.6 miles of vegetative clearing on Horn Lake Creek, 2.1 miles on Rocky Creek and 0.6 miles of vegetative clearing and 1.8 miles of channel enlargement on Cow Pen Creek. Hike/bike trails are included along Rocky Creek and Cow Pen Creek. h. Atchafalaya Basin Floodway System, La. Not mentioned, but this Act authorized basic cost sharing principles for the project. In particular establishes that the fish and wildlife enhancement feature of the project is of national significance, and therefore, a 100 percent Federal cost. Energy i. Lower Atchafalaya Basin Reevaluation Study. Authority and water to, within available funds, investigate conditions at Wax Development Lake Outlet, Bayou Black, and other features, and Appropriation recommend any modification desirable for flood protection Act, 1994 navigation, and environmental program. Sec. 601(a) Authorization of Projects. Authorization of Construction: a. Yazoo Backwater Area, MS. Authorized the project for mitigation of fish and wildlife losses at the Yazoo Backwater Project, MS. The project shall include acquisition of 40,000 acres for mitigation of project-induced fish and wildlife losses. b. Greenville Harbor, MS. Authorized the project for navigation, Greenville Harbor, MS, as contained in the reports of Chief of Engineers, Nov. 15, 1977 and Feb. 2, 1982, at a total cost of $43,700,000 with an estimated first Federal cost of $28,000,000 and an estimated non- Federal first cost of $15,700,000. c. Vicksburg Harbor, MS. Authorized the project for navigation, Vicksburg Harbor, as contained in the report of the Chief of Engineers, Aug. 13, 1979, at a total estimated first Federal cost of $55,900,000 and an estimated non- Federal first cost of $23,300,000. d. Helena Harbor, Phillips County, AR. The recommended plan consists of dredging a navigation channel to provide access to 685 acres of landfill; construction of an overlook park; implementing landscaping and erosion control measures; and mitigation fish and wildlife losses. The project is scheduled to be constructed in two phases.

41-46 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

TABLE 41-D AUTHORIZING LEGISLATION (Continued)

Act or Authorization Work Authorized Document

e. White River Navigation to Batesville, AR. The plan of improvement recommended in the Feasibility Report provides for construction and maintenance to provide a 200-foot wide, 9-foot deep channel available 95 percent of the time from mile 10 (Arkansas Post Canal) to mile 254, two scenic overlooks, a primitive camping area, and acquisition of about 1,865 acres of woodlands for mitigation. However, section 52 of the Water Resources Development Act of 1988 deauthorized this project. f. Obion Creek, KY. To prevent headwater flooding along tributary streams and backwater flooding of alluvial lands. g. Memphis Harbor, Memphis, TN. This is a navigation project in the vicinity of Memphis, TN, which would consist of dredging and maintaining a 4.9 mile long, 500-foot minimum width, 9-foot deep general navigation channel with additional dredging as required and strategic placement of dredged material to create and provide navigation access to 1,000 acres to be developed as a waterfront industrial complex. Sec. 806. Reelfoot Lake, KY. This project is modified to provide that the Federal share of the cost of operating the pumping plant feature of such project shall be 50 percent. Sec. 836. Mud Lake, Western Tennessee Tributaries. This project is modified to provide that the requirements of local cooperation shall be (1) 50 percent of the value of the lands, easements, and rights-of-way, (2) to hold and save the United States free from damages due to the construction works, and (3) to maintain and operate all the works after completion.

Jun. 4, 1987 Modification of Mississippi Delta Region project to construct Unpublished New Orleans salinity control structure at Davis Pond (mile 118) rather than District report, at Myrtle Grove (mile 59). Nov. 1, 1984.

Water Sec. 3(a), Project Authorizations - Authorization of Public Law 100-676 Resources Construction: Nov. 17, 1988 Development a. Mississippi-Louisiana Estuarine Area, MS and LA. Act, 1988 Authorized the project for environmental enhancement, as contained in the report of Chief of Engineers, dated May 19, 1986, at a total cost of $59,300,000.

Water Section 4(b) Public Law 100-676, Resources West Memphis and Vicinity, AR. Modified the project Nov. 17, 1988 Development by allowing that non-Federal cooperation may be Act, 1988 provided by levee districts, drainage districts, or any unit of a state, county, or local government.

41-47 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

TABLE 41-D AUTHORIZING LEGISLATION (Continued)

Act or Authorization Work Authorized Document

Energy and West Memphis and Vicinity, AR. Public Law 101-101, Water Directed the Corps to develop the most cost-effective Sep. 29, 1989 Development flood control plan for the City of West Memphis without Appropriation regard to frequency of flooding, drainage area, and the Bill, 1990 amount of runoff.

Energy and Bayou Rapides Drainage Structure and Pumping Plant Public Law 101-514, Water Directed the Secretary of the Army to incorporate Nov. 5, 1990 Development existing flood control features for the Bayou Rapides Appropriation Drainage Structure and Pumping Plant into the Lower Red Bill, 1990 River, South Bank Levees portion of the MR&T Project.

Supplemental Atchafalaya Basin Floodway System, LA. FY 1985 Supplemental Appropriations Authorizes and directs the Secretary of the Army acting through the Appropriations Bill Bill for FY Chief of Engineers to proceed with planning, design, engineering, (PL 99-88), and Water Ending and construction of 41 water resources projects, including Resources Development Sep. 30, 1985 Atchafalaya Basin Floodway System. For the Atchafalaya Basin Act of 1986 (PL 99-662). (PL 99-83), and Floodway Systems project, cost-sharing is only required for the the Water recreation feature of the project. The flood control and environmental Resources features are Federal costs. This act authorized basic cost sharing Development principles for the project. In particular, establishes that the fish Act of 1986 and wildlife enhancement feature of this project is of national (PL 99-662) significance and therefore a 100% federal cost.

Water Resources Whiteman’s Creek, Arkansas. Public Law 102-580 Development Directed the Secretary of the Army to implement flood control Oct. 31, 1992 Act, 1992 improvement, which essentially consist of 6.1 miles of channel enlargement along streams within the city limits of Jonesboro, Arkansas.

Water Resources Grand Prairie and Bayou Basin, Arkansas Public Law 104-303 Development The project for flood control, Grand Prairie Region and Bayou Meto Oct. 12, 1996 Act, 1996 Basin, Arkansas, authorized by section 204 of the Flood Control Act of 1950 (64 Stat. 174) and deauthorized pursuant to section 1001(b) of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 (33 U.S.C. 579a(b)), is authorized to be carried out by the Secretary, except that the scope of the project include ground water protection and conservation, agricultural water supply, and waterfowl management if the Secretary determines that the change in the scope of the project is technically sound, environmentally acceptable, and economic, as applicable.

41-48 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

TABLE 41-D AUTHORIZING LEGISLATION (Continued)

Act or Authorization Work Authorized Document

Water Resources Tunica Lake Weir, Mississippi Public Law 106-53 Development The Secretary shall conduct a study to determine the feasibility of constructing an outlet weir at Tunica Lake, Tunica county, Mississippi, and Lee County, Arkansas, for the purpose of stabilizing water levels in the lake. In carrying out the study, the Secretary shall include as part of the economic analysis the benefits derived from recreation uses at Tunica Lake and economic benefits associated with restoration of fish and wildlife habitat.

Water Resources Louisiana State Penitentiary Levee, Mississippi River, Louisiana Public Law 99-662 Development Authorizes and directs the Secretary of the Army, acting through Nov. 17, 1986 Acts, 1986, the Chief of Engineers to proceed with planning, design, Public Law 101-640 1990 and 1999 engineering, and construction of improvements of 12 miles of Nov. 28, 1990 existing levee along the Mississippi River which provides flood protection to the Louisiana State Penitentiary at Angola, LA. This act authorizes basic cost sharing principles, and establishes that the cost sharing will be shared on a 75%/25% basis with the state of Louisiana for this project. Authorizes the Secretary of the Army to consider credit for work Public Law 106-53 performed by an non-Federal sponsor since project authorization. Aug. 17, 1999

Omnibus Ten and Fifteen Mile Bayous, St. Francis River Basin, Arkansas House Report 4577 Consolidated and Modified Section 204 of the Flood Control Act of 1950 to expand the Dec 15, 2000 Emergency boundaries of the project to include Ten- and Fifteen-Mile Bayous near Appropriations West Memphis, Arkansas. Notwithstanding section 103(f) of the Water For Fiscal Year Resources Development Act of 1986, the flood control work at Ten- and 2001 Fifteen-Mile Bayous shall not be considered separable elements of the project.

41-49 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

TABLE 41-D AUTHORIZING LEGISLATION (Continued)

Act or Authorization Work Authorized Document

Emergency Emergency Supplemental Appropriations to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf Public Law 109-148 Supplemental of Mexico and Pandemic Influenza Act. Provided an additional amount to December 20, 2006 Appropriations cover costs of mat laying and other repairs related to the consequences of To Address hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico in 2005. Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and Pandemic Influenza Act, 2006

Water Resources Morganza to the Gulf of Mexico, Louisiana – The project for hurricane and Public Law 110-114 Development storm damage reduction. Reports of the Chief of Engineers dated August 23, November 8, 2007 Act of 2007 2002, and July 22, 2003, at a total cost of $886,700,000.

1. Incorporated into Mississippi River and tributaries project as shown in Table 41-E. 2. Date minor modification for blocked drainage was approved under delegated authority of the President, Mississippi River Commission, and in accordance with Sec. 10(p) of the 1946 Flood Control Act (Public Law 79-526). 3. Date minor modification was approved under discretionary authority of Chief of Engineers contained in May 15, 1928, Flood Control Act, as amended. 4. Projects approved under the provisions of Sec. 201 of Flood Control Act of Oct. 27, 1965.

41-50 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

TABLE 41-E INCORPORATING AND AUTHORIZING LEGISLATION

For Last Public Full Report Act of Law Authorizing See Annual Incorporation No. Act Description Report for

Jul. 24, 1946 79-526 Jun. 22, 1936 Tiptonville-Obion levee and drainage 1941, p. 943 improvements, TN

Jul. 24, 1946 79-526 Jun. 22, 1936 Bayou des Glaises diversion ditch, LA 1946, p. 1029

Jul. 24, 1946 79-526 Jun. 22, 1936 From North Little Rock, AR, to Gillett, 1946, p. 1053 AR, on north bank of Arkansas River (portion below Plum Bayou)

Jul. 24, 1946 79-526 Aug. 18, 1941 White River levees, Augusta to 1946, p. 1083 Clarendon and De Valls Bluff, AR

Jul. 24, 1946 79-526 Dec. 22, 1944 Boeuf and Tensas Rivers and Bayou 1945, p. 982 Macon, LA

Jul. 24, 1946 79-526 Dec. 22, 1944 Big Sunflower River, etc. 1946, p. 1061

Jun. 30, 1948 80-858 Jul. 24, 1946 Devils Swamp barge channel at Baton 1948, p. 1059 Rouge, LA (Baton Rouge Harbor)

May 17, 1950 81-516 Jun. 22, 1936 Jonesville, LA 1953, p. 773

May 17, 1950 81-516 Jul. 24, 1946 Lake Pontchartrain-Jefferson Parish, LA 1953, p. 737

41-51 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

TABLE 41-F SUMMARY OF PRESENTLY ESTIMATED FEDERAL FIRST COST OF AUTHORIZED IMPROVEMENTS

Estimated Cost1 Project Title Fiscal Year 2010

Completed features2 $ 339,236,000 Mississippi River levees 2,441,226,000 Mud Lake Pumping Station, TN 5,460,0003 Sec. 6 levees, 1928 Flood Control Act 4,000,0003 Channel improvement 3,967,000,000 Atchafalaya Basin, LA 1,938,400,000 Atchafalaya Basin Floodway System, LA 367,574,000 Bayou Cocodrie and Tributaries, LA 20,400,0003 Old River, LA 332,620,000 Lower Red River—South Bank Red River levees, LA 18,813,0003 Eastern Rapides and South-Central Avoyelles Parishes, LA 50,000,0003 Mississippi Delta Region, LA 118,576,542 Tensas Basin, AR and LA 447, 197,000 Lower Arkansas River, AR 29,676,0003 Grand Prairie Region, AR 293,000,000 Yazoo Basin, MS 2,259,000,000 Lower White River, AR (All except Big Creek & Tribs.) 16,802,0003 Lower White River, AR (Big Creek & Tribs.) 55,900,0003 Cache River Basin, AR 155,000,000 St. Francis Basin, AR and MO 519,000,000 Francis Bland Floodway Ditch (Eight Mile Creek), AR 15, 383,0003 L’Anguille River, AR 15,100,0003 West Tennessee Tributaries, TN 176,000,000 Harris Fork Creek, TN and KY 14,300,0003 Reelfoot Lake-Lake No. 9, TN and KY (10,840,000)3 Reelfoot Lake, TN and KY (Completed) 440,000 Reelfoot Lake-Lake No. 9, TN and KY 10,400,0003 West Kentucky Tributaries, KY 29,100,0003 Sardis Dam (Dam Safety Assurance), MS 29,200,000 St. Johns Bayou and New Madrid Floodway, MO 57,400,0004 Nonconnah Creek, TN and MS 27,890,0004 Horn Lake Creek and Tributaries, TN and MS 11,320,0004 Greenville Harbor, MS 32,400,0004 Memphis Harbor (Ensley Berm), TN 23,100,0004 Helena Harbor, Phillips County, AR 32,156,0004 Helena, AR, and Vicinity 10,300,0003,4 West Memphis, AR, and Vicinity 11,600,0004,6 Louisiana State Penitentiary Levee, LA 18,800,0004,7 Hickman Bluff, KY 17,525,000 Whiteman’s Creek, AR 3,300,000 Reelfoot Lake, TN and KY (Ecosystem Restoration) 21,500,0003,7 Mississippi — Louisiana Estuarine Areas, MS and LA 87,139,0005 Bayou Meto, AR 395,337,000 Lower White River: (14,177,000) Clarendon Levee, AR 1,576,000 Augusta to Clarendon, AR 12,601,000

41-52 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

TABLE 41-F SUMMARY OF PRESENTLY ESTIMATED (Continued) FEDERAL FIRST COST OF AUTHORIZED IMPROVEMENTS

Estimated Cost1 Project Title Fiscal Year 2010

Wolf River, TN 8,312,0008 Morganza, LA, to Gulf of Mexico 576,355,0008

1. Inflation projected through the construction period. Harbors; Lake Pontchartrain; Wolf River; completed roads. 2. Includes Bonnet Carré, Morganza, and New Madrid Floodways; Memphis, Greenville, and Vicksburg on main stem levees; channel construction works; Atchafalaya River and Basin; Wax Lake Outlet; Charenton Canal; Bayou des Glaises diversion channel, Boeuf Basin levees; Grant’s Canal; De Valls Bluff, Jonesville, and Des Arc protection works; Baton Rouge Harbor; and miscellaneous features; Teche-Vermilion Basins, LA; Tensas National Wildlife Refuge, LA. 3. Incremental (not projected through the construction period). 4. Authorized by Water Resources Development Act of 1986, Public Law 99-662, Nov. 17, 1986. 5. Authorized by Water Resources Development Act of 1988, Public Law 100-676, Nov. 18, 1988. 6. Locals built their own project. 7. Authorized by Water Resources Development Act of 1999, Public Law 106-53, Aug. 17, 1999. 8. Authorized by Water Resources Development Act of 2000, Public Law 106-541, Dec. 11. 2000.

41-53 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

TABLE 41-G MISSISSIPPI RIVER MAIN STEM CHANNEL IMPROVEMENTS

Location Operations in 1,000 Cubic Yards Mileage Fiscal Year 2010 Above Head Channel District of Passes Construction Maintenance Total

New Orleans Baton Rouge Harbor (Devils Swamp) 235 ------Main stem channel 234-320 -- 366.2 366.2 (Smithland and Wilkinson Pt Crossings) Atchafalaya Basin 1,159.4 1,159.4 Three Rivers -- 162.0 162.0 Old River Lock Forebay 304 -- 0 0 and Tailbay

Vicksburg Main stem channel 322-600 -- 2,495.4 2,495.4 Rosedale Harbor 584 -- 200.4 200.4 Yellow Bend 554 -- 22.7 22.7 Greenville Harbor 537 -- 323.2 323.2 Lake Providence 484 -- 104.9 104.9 Madison Parish Port 457 -- 31.1 31.1 Vicksburg Harbor 437 -- 323.9 323.9 Claiborne County Port 404 -- 16.0 16.0

Memphis Main stem channel 599-954 -- 4,275.4 4,275.4 Helena Harbor, Phillips County 653 -- 181.7 181.7 Memphis Harbor, McKellar Lake 725 -- 551.7 551.7

TOTAL 9,838.9 9,838.9

41-54

TABLE 41-H BANK REVETMENTS, DIKES, AND FORESHORE PROTECTION: NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

Operations This FY Construction Non- Above New Work Operative Operative Head Bank Exten- Reinforcement Since Thru of R sion Lap Prior FY This FY Passes or (Linear (Linear (Linear Maintenance (Linear (Linear Location (Miles) L Feet) Feet) (Squares)1 Feet) (Squares)1 (Squares)1 Feet) Feet)

MISSISSIPPI RIVER Standard Revetment: Venice, LA 12 R ------49,552

MISSISSIPPI RIVERCOMMISSION MISSISSIPPI Olga, LA 17 L ------19,053 Lower Childress------Fort Jackson, LA 21 R ------15,430 Neptune, LA 23 L ------14,399 Buras, LA 25 R ------4,089 18,548 9,705 - - 21,372 Tropical Bend, LA 31 R ------25,012 Bayou Lamoque, LA 33 L ------21,505

Port Sulphur, LA 38 R ------36,995 41 Nestor, LA 42 L ------14,192

- 55 Point Michel, LA 44 R ------22,932

Bohemia, LA 46 L ------16,455 Diamond, LA 48 R ------11,600 Gravolet, LA 51 L ------.- -.- - - - - 23,874 Junior, LA 54 R ------23,599 Harlem, LA 57 L ------15,148

Myrtle Grove, LA 59 R ------17,435 Monsecour, LA 61 L ------13,340 Alliance, LA 63 R ------17,265 Belair, LA 65 L ------26,111 Jesuit Bend, LA 68 R ------24,978 Linwood, LA 71 L ------14,643 Oak Point, LA 72 R ------16,426 Scarsdale, LA 75 L ------.- - - 17,825 English Turn, LA 78 R ------21,845 Poydras, LA 82 L ------45,864 Twelve Mile Point, LA 84 R ------9,979 Cutoff, LA 88 R ------23,234

TABLE 41-H BANK REVETMENTS, DIKES, AND FORESHORE PROTECTION: (Continued) NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

REPORT OF SECRETARY THE OF THE ARMYCIVILON WORKS FY FOR ACTIVITIES 2010 Operations This FY Construction Non- Above New Work Operative Operative Head Bank Exten- Reinforcement Since Thru of R sion Lap Prior FY This FY Passes or (Linear (Linear (Linear Maintenance (Linear (Linear Location (Miles) L Feet) Feet) (Squares)1 Feet) (Squares)1 (Squares)1 Feet) Feet)

Standard Revetment: Third District, LA 92 L ------28,372 Algiers Point, LA 95 R ------12,238 Gouldsboro, LA 96 R ------4,960 Gretna, LA 97 R ------10,340 Greenville, LA 100 R ------22,045 Carrollton, LA 104 L ------18,637 Avondale, LA 108 R ------28,409

41 Kenner, LA 113 L ------4,101 - - 45,492

- Luling, LA 119 R ------11,023 - - 44,893

56 Destrehan, LA 120 L ------5,409

Goodhope, LA 125 L ------24,531 Waterford, LA 129 R ------.- -.- - - - - 23,106 Montz, LA 132 L ------17,502 Lucy, LA 136 R ------19,450 Reserve, LA 138 L ------.- -.- - - - - 23,234 Willow Bend, LA 141 R ------13,227 Angelina, LA 145 L ------32,762 Vacherie, LA 148 R ------26,025 Belmont, LA 152 L ------25,575 Richbend, LA 157 R ------38,498 Romeville, LA 162 L ------33,986 St. Alice, LA 165 R ------31,130 Burnside, LA 169 L ------.- -.- - - - - 29,304 Aben, LA 173 R ------.- - - 11,700 St. Elmo, LA 175 L ------12,014 Smoke Bend, LA 177 R ------18,792 Marchand, LA 181 L ------19,603 Philadelphia Point, LA 183 R ------5,379 New River Bend, LA 185 L ------45,672

TABLE 41-H BANK REVETMENTS, DIKES, AND FORESHORE PROTECTION: (Continued) NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

Operations This FY Construction Non- Above New Work Operative Operative Head Bank Exten- Reinforcement Since Thru of R sion Lap Prior FY This FY Passes or (Linear (Linear (Linear Maintenance (Linear (Linear Location (Miles) L Feet) Feet) (Squares)1 Feet) (Squares)1 (Squares)1 Feet) Feet)

Standard Revetment: White Castle, LA 193 R ------45,968

St. Gabriel, LA 201 L ------33,292 RIVERCOMMISSION MISSISSIPPI Plaquemine, LA 209 R ------45,012 Manchac, LA 215 L ------38,976 Missouri Bend, LA 222 R ------30,437 Arlington, LA 226 L ------18,050 Port Allen, LA 231 R ------17,627

41 Scotlandville, LA 234 L ------1,623

- Allendale, LA 239 R ------29,520

57 Springfield, LA 244 L ------25,690

Arbroth, LA 249 R ------23,526 Faulkner Lake, LA 253 L ------18,807 Grand Bay , LA 257 R ------24,909 Bayou Sara, LA 263 L ------29,722 Red Store, LA 268 R ------18,464

Arrow Bend, LA 272 L ------13,600 Boise Point, LA 275 R ------16,094 Morganza, LA 279 R ------20,513 Iowa Point, LA 282 L ------15,477 Brunette Point, LA 285 R ------14,335 Greenwood, LA 290 L ------26,032 Hog Point , LA 296 R ------37,516 Carr Point, LA 302 R ------20,725 Above Old River, LA 305 R ------9,958 Fort Adams, LA 310 L ------24,206 Point Breeze, LA 314 R ------13,565 Coochie, LA 317 R ------17,150

TABLE 41-H BANK REVETMENTS, DIKES, AND FORESHORE PROTECTION: (Continued) NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

REPORT OF SECRETARY THE OF THE ARMYCIVILON WORKS FY FOR ACTIVITIES 2010 Operations This FY Construction Non- Above New Work Operative Operative Head Bank Exten- Reinforcement Since Thru of R sion Lap Prior FY This FY Passes or (Linear (Linear (Linear Maintenance (Linear (Linear Location (Miles) L Feet) Feet) (Squares)1 Feet) (Squares)1 (Squares)1 Feet) Feet)

Standard Revetment: Palmetto, MS 322 L ------34,650

Total Revetment New Orleans District, Mississippi River 0 0 0 4,089 18,548 24,829 0 1,917,792 362.44 Miles Dikes: 41 Profit Island Chute

- 58 Closure, LA 252 L ------4,315 Hog Point, LA 299 L ------6,850 Hog Point Chute Closure 300 R ------900 Grand Bay Hard Points 254 R ------2,155 Arbroth Hard Points 246 R ------2,324 Springfield 241 L ------1,491

Total Dikes 18,035 New Orleans District, (3.42 Miles) Mississippi River OLD RIVER CONTROL Standard Revetment: Inflow channel 315 L ------2,415 Inflow channel 315 R ------4,365 Outflow channel 315 L&R ------19,891 Auxiliary inflow channel 312 L&R ------17,200 Auxiliary outflow channel 312 L&R ------5,790 Total Standard Revetment, Old River ------49,661 (9.41 Miles)

TABLE 41-H BANK REVETMENTS, DIKES, AND FORESHORE PROTECTION: (Continued) NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

Operations This FY Construction Non- Below New Work Operative Operative Confluence of Bank Exten- Reinforcement Since Thru Red and R sion Lap Prior FY This FY Atchafalaya or (Linear (Linear (Squares) (Linear Maintenance (Linear (Linear Location Rivers (Miles) L Feet) Feet) 1 Feet) (Squares)1 (Squares)1 Feet) Feet)

ATCHAFALAYA RIVER Standard Revetment:

Mile 1.0, LA 1 L ------4,150 RIVERCOMMISSION MISSISSIPPI Coville Bayou, LA 3 R ------6,550 Legonier, LA 4 L ------8,940 Simmesport, LA 6 R ------12,491 Kuhlman Bayou, LA 8 L ------5,565 Odenburg, LA 8 R ------5,375 41 Jacoby, LA 10 L ------10,269

- 59 Cason, LA 13 R ------10,798 McCrea, LA 14 L ------6,572 Woodside, LA 15 R ------13,002 Provosty, LA 17 L ------9,111 Crooked Bayou, LA 19 R -.- -.- -.------20,294 Mercier, LA 22 L ------13,000

Barberton, LA 24 R ------4,413 Evans Point, LA 24 L ------6,668 Goudeau, LA 26 R ------4,973 Morris Bayou, LA 27 L ------5,440 Goodwood, LA 28 R ------8,505 Red Cross, LA 30 L ------9,608 Melville, LA 31 R ------5,660 Cross Bayou, LA 31 L ------6,065 Melville South, LA 32 R ------13,340 Toles, LA 35 L ------7,302 Petite Prairie, LA 36 R ------8,381 Three Mile Bayou, LA 38 R ------6,330

TABLE 41-H BANK REVETMENTS, DIKES, AND FORESHORE PROTECTION: (Continued) NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

REPORT OF SECRETARY THE OF THE ARMYCIVILON WORKS FY FOR ACTIVITIES 2010 Operations This FY Construction Non- Below New Work Operative Operative Confluence of Bank Exten Reinforcement Since Thru Red and R sion Lap Prior FY This FY Atchafalaya or (Linear (Linear (Linear Maintenance (Linear (Linear Location Rivers (Miles) L Feet) Feet) (Squares)1 Feet) (Squares)1 (Squares)1 Feet) Feet)

Standard Revetment: Holloway Lake, LA 37 L ------7,085 Bayou Sherman, LA 39 L ------5,200 Krotz Springs, LA 41 R ------7,925 Sherburne, LA 43 L ------10,960 Bayou Big Graw, LA 45 R ------14,164 Coswell Bayou, LA 48 L ------6,490 Courtableau, LA 49 R ------6,905 Alabama Bayou, LA 50 L ------9,410

41 Indian Bayou, LA 52 R ------7,098

-

60 Happytown, LA 53 L ------7,285

Otis Landing, LA 54 R ------5,251 Morgan City Front, LA 115 L ------3,410 Berwick South 12 R ------1,428 Total Standard Revetment Atchafalaya River 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 305,413 (57.84 Miles)

Dikes: Ten Mile Dikes 10 R ------2,500 (0.47 Miles) Below Confluence of Old River Out flow Channel and Red River LOWER RED RIVER (Miles)

Standard Revetment: Long Lake, LA 10 R ------6,652

Naples, LA 7 R ------6,190 Turnbull Island, LA 9 L ------11,038 Total Standard Revetment ------0 - - 23,880 (4.52 Miles)

TABLE 41-H BANK REVETMENTS, DIKES, AND FORESHORE PROTECTION: (Continued) NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

Operations This FY Construction Non- Above New Work Operative Operative Head Bank Exten- Reinforcement Since Thru of R sion Lap Maintenance Prior FY This FY Passes or (Linear (Linear (Tons of (Linear (Tons of (Tons of (Linear (Linear Location (Miles) L Feet) Feet) Stone) Feet) Stone) Stone) Feet) Feet)

Dikes: None

MISSISSIPPI RIVERCOMMISSION MISSISSIPPI MISSISSIPPI RIVER

Foreshore Protection: Port Allen 233.0 R ------7,500 Cottage Plantation 222.6 L ------2,000 Upper Plaquemine Point 210.5 L ------4,350

41 Lower Plaquemine Point 207.0 L ------2,935

- 61 Point Pleasant 201.7 R ------5,221 Upper Point Clair 196.0 L ------0 Point Clair 191.0 L ------10,251 Belle Grove 189.9 R ------5,094 Eighty-One Mile Point 176.0 L ------2,890 Donaldsonville 174.2 R ------0 Point Houmas 168.9 R ------5,400

Sunshine 167.4 L ------900 Union 166.3 L ------6,500 Convent 158.3 L ------11,900 Oak Alley 153.4 R ------7,800 Lutcher 148.6 L ------8,910 Wallace 145.5 R ------10,390 Garyville 140.4 L ------0 Edgard 138.2 R ------12,410 Reserve 136.0 L ------2,200 Waterford 129.0 R ------500 26 Mile Point 122.8 L ------1,320 Destrehan 121.0 L ------0 St. Rose 120.8 L ------9,830 Lower St. Rose 116.6 L ------7,050 Ama 115.0 R ------0

TABLE 41-H BANK REVETMENTS, DIKES, AND FORESHORE PROTECTION: (Continued) NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

REPORT OF SECRETARY THE OF THE ARMYCIVILON WORKS FY FOR ACTIVITIES 2010 Operations This FY Construction Non- Above New Work Operative Operative Head Bank Exten- Reinforcement Since Thru of R sion Lap Maintenance Prior FY This FY Passes or (Linear (Linear (Tons of (Linear (Tons of (Tons of (Linear (Linear Location (Miles) L Feet) Feet) Stone) Feet) Stone) Stone) Feet) Feet)

Foreshore Protection: American Cyanamid 114.8 R ------4,788 Willswood 113.2 R ------3,980 Avondale 109.4 R ------6,500 Twelve Mile Point 108.9 L ------4,580 Avondale 105.5 R ------2,070 Nine Mile Point 105.0 R ------1,760 Greenville 100.0 R ------6,900

41 Snowdrift 97.6 R ------8,450

-

62 Gretna-Gouldsboro 96.7 R ------1,683

Algiers 95.4 R ------1,548 Holy Cross 92.2 L ------1,915 Arabi 91.9 L ------6,130 Quarantine 91.5 R ------3,805 Huntlee 90.4 R ------3,139 Chalmette 90.2 L ------1,260 Norman 90.0 R ------2,968 Brou 89.5 L ------3,030 Auora 89.3 R ------3,700 Blythe Blvd 88.6 R ------4,345 Upper Stanton 86.5 R ------12,890 Saxonholm-Docville 86.0 L ------1,060 Pecan Grove-Story 85.8 L ------1,910 Story-Allo 84.5 L ------5,400 Delacroix 84.2 R ------8,220 Twelve Mile Point 83.5 R ------1,300

Merrit 83.0 L ------7,800 Saxonholm-Docville 82.5 L ------7,700 Naval Depot 82.5 R ------3,096 Caernarvon 81.2 L ------13,200

TABLE 41-H BANK REVETMENTS, DIKES, AND FORESHORE PROTECTION: (Continued) NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

Operations This FY Construction Non- Above New Work Operative Operative Head Bank Exten- Reinforcement Since Thru of R sion Lap Maintenance Prior FY This FY Passes or (Linear (Linear (Tons of (Linear (Tons of (Tons of (Linear (Linear Location (Miles) L Feet) Feet) Stone) Feet) Stone) Stone) Feet) Feet)

Foreshore Protection: English Turn 79.3 L ------7,500 Little Rock 78.8 R ------9,268

MISSISSIPPI RIVERCOMMISSION MISSISSIPPI St. Claire 78.3 L ------1,025 Fort St. Leon 78.2 R ------10,700 Scarsdale 75.5 L ------16,611 Belle Chasse 75.5 R ------11,500 Stella-Delcour 73.6 L ------10,635

41 Oak Point 73.3 R ------13,766

-

63 Promised Land-Woodlawn 70.5 L ------15,495

Augustaive Oak 70.5 R ------13,135 Jesuit Bend 69.2 R ------16,454 Fanny-Belair 66.8 L ------12,400 Sara-Star 66.3 R ------2,100 Star 65.8 R ------5,470 Bayhi 64.0 R ------11,190

Burbridge 63.2 L ------12,335 Beau-Carlisle 62.3 L ------6,258 Alliance 62.0 R ------4,300 Monsecour-Poverty Point 60.3 L ------7,380 St. Rosalie 61.4 R ------6,976 Irontown 60.0 R ------2,298 Myrtle Grove-Woodpark 58.8 R ------8,450 Harlem 57.0 L ------15,550 Wood Park-Deer Range 56.0 R ------17,650 Nero 54.7 L ------4,450 Deer Range 54.1 R ------4,220 Upper Point-Aa-Hache 53.5 L ------9,101 Junior 53.5 R ------7,811 Point Celeste 52.2 R ------3,300

TABLE 41-H BANK REVETMENTS, DIKES, AND FORESHORE PROTECTION: (Continued) NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

REPORT OF SECRETARY THE OF THE ARMYCIVILON WORKS FY FOR ACTIVITIES 2010 Operations This FY Construction Non- Above New Work Operative Operative Head Bank Exten- Reinforcement Since Thru of R sion Lap Maintenance Prior FY This FY Passes or (Linear (Linear (tons of (Linear (Tons of (Tons of (Linear (Linear Location (Miles) L Feet) Feet) Stone) Feet) Stone) Stone) Feet) Feet)

Foreshore Protection: Davant 51.5 L ------10,795 St. Thomas 50.0 L ------6,430 Woodland 50.0 R ------14,800 Point-Aa-Hache 48.1 L ------23,030 Nolan 47.2 R ------13,400 Socola 46.5 R ------8,255 Point Michel 44.2 R ------7,350

41 Happy Jack 43.0 R ------18,785

-

64 Port Sulphur 39.7 R ------6,430

Little Texas 39.0 R ------300 Home Place 37.6 R ------13,250 Nairn 34.5 R ------5,915 Sixty Mile Point 32.1 R ------0 Tropical Bend 31.2 R ------5,775 Bowers 30.8 R ------3,836 Empire 29.7 R ------2,865 Anderson 29.2 R ------6,100 Fredrick 27.5 R ------3,820 Buras 26.0 R ------13,495 Lower Buras 24.0 R ------8,900 Triumph 22.5 R ------5,220 Fort Jackson 21.9 R ------16,690 Grand Prairie 19.2 L ------1,350 Upper Commander 18.2 R ------3,180 Commander 18.0 R ------22,232

TABLE 41-H BANK REVETMENTS, DIKES, AND FORESHORE PROTECTION: (Continued) NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

Operations This FY Construction Non- Above New Work Operative Operative Head Bank Exten Reinforcement Since Thru of R sion Lap Maintenance Prior FY This FY Passes or (Linear (Linear (Tons of (Linear (Tons of (Tons of (Linear (Linear Location (Miles) L Feet) Feet) Stone) Feet) Stone) Stone) Feet) Feet)

Foreshore Protection: Boothville-Commander 16.0 R ------1,824 Upper Venice 12.0 R ------14,800

MISSISSIPPI RIVERCOMMISSION MISSISSIPPI

Total Foreshore Protection New Orleans District, Mississippi River ------766,633 (145.20 Mi)

41

-

65 1. Gross squares articulated concrete mattress (100 square feet).

TABLE 41-I BANK REVETMENTS AND DIKES: VICKSBURG DISTRICT (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

REPORT OF SECRETARY THE OF THE ARMYCIVILON WORKS FY FOR ACTIVITIES 2010 Operations This FY Construction Non- Above New Work Operative Operative Head Bank Exten- Reinforcement Since Thru of R sion Lap Prior FY This FY Passes or (Linear (Linear (Linear Maintenance (Linear (Linear Location (Miles) L Feet) Feet) (Squares)1 Feet) (Squares)1 (Squares)1 Feet) Feet)

MISSISSIPPI RIVER Standard Revetment: Bougere Bend, LA8 ...... 329 R 3,000 ------32,419 Dead Mans Bend, MS ...... 335 L ------33,220 Glasscock Cutoff, MS-LA ...... 342 R ------26,083 Railroad Landing, MS ...... 346 L ------16,291 St. Catherine Bend, LA ...... 350 R ------29,108 Morville, LA ...... 356 R ------16,917 41 Natchez Island, MS ...... 357 R ------2,180

- 66 Carthage, MS ...... 361 L ------20,350 Vidalia Casting Field ...... 363 L ------2,670 Natchez Front, MS ...... 364 L ------6,510 Giles Cutoff, LA-MS ...... 366 R ------12,020 Gibson, LA ...... 371 R ------Ashland, LA-MS ...... 374 L ------33,427 Kempe Bend, LA ...... 383 R ------3,302 16,091 -- -- 30,087 Browns Field, LA ...... 389 R ------9,280 Goldbottom, MS ...... 392 L ------3,488 15,550 -- -- 30,250 Hardscrabble, LA ...... 398 R ------22,530 Grand Gulf, MS ...... 403 L ------57,318 Point Pleasant, MS-LA ...... 413 R ------14,197 -- 32,345 Togo Island, LA ...... 415 R ------7,080 Lake Karnac, LA-MS ...... 419 L ------19,260 Diamond Point, LA-MS ...... 423 R ------19,310 Oakbend, MS ...... 425 L ------5,342 Reid-Bedford, LA ...... 429 R ------18,392 Racetrack, MS ...... 433 L ------15,517

Barge Line Terminal, MS ...... 437 L ------3,040 Vicksburg Harbor, MS ...... 437 L ------7,350 Delta Point, LA ...... 437 R ------7,650

TABLE 41-I BANK REVETMENTS AND DIKES: VICKSBURG DISTRICT (Continued) (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

Operations This FY Construction Non- Above New Work Operative Operative Head Bank Exten- Reinforcement Since Thru of R sion Lap Prior FY This FY Passes or (Linear (Linear (Linear Maintenance (Linear (Linear Location (Miles) L Feet) Feet) (Squares)1 Feet) (Squares)1 (Squares)1 Feet) Feet)

Standard Revetment: King’s Point—Opposite Delta Point, LA-MS ...... 439 L ------19,330 RIVERCOMMISSION MISSISSIPPI False Point, LA...... 443 R ------16,360 Marshall-Brown’s Point, LA-MS ...... 446 L ------19,580 Milliken Bend, LA ...... 453 R ------46,140 Belle Island, LA-MS ...... 460 L ------8,443 -- 24,160 41 Goodrich, LA ...... 467 R ------40,765

- 67 Cottonwood Bar, MS ...... 470 R ------18,580 Filter-Cottonwood, MS ...... 474 L ------44,220 Hagaman, LA ...... 481 R ------13,334 -- 37,756 Ben Lomond, MS ...... 486 L ------10,235 Baleshed Towhead-Stack Island, LA-MS...... 488 R ------55,514 Lake Providence, LA...... 489 R ------11,600

Mayersville, MS ...... 497 L ------34,992 Sarah Island-Opossum Point, LA-MS ...... 501 R ------26,815 Carolina, MS ...... 507 L ------12905 Cracraft, AR ...... 511 R ------22,210 Worthington, MS-AR ...... 514 R ------8,350 Walnut Point Kentucky Bend, MS . 519 L ------45,653 American Cutoff, MS-AR ...... 526 L ------2,980 Sunnyside-Lakeport, AR ...... 530 R ------33,685 Refuge, AR ...... 531 L ------3,132 Vancluse, AR ...... 534 R ------13,016 Island 84, AR-MS ...... 535 L ------13,475 Warfield Point, MS ...... 537 L ------4,320 Leland-LaGrange, AR-MS ...... 538 L ------14,150

TABLE 41-I BANK REVETMENTS AND DIKES: VICKSBURG DISTRICT (Continued) (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

REPORT OF SECRETARY THE OF THE ARMYCIVILON WORKS FY FOR ACTIVITIES 2010 Operations This FY Construction Non- Above New Work Operative Operative Head Bank Exten- Reinforcement Since Thru of R sion Lap Prior FY This FY Passes or (Linear (Linear (Linear Maintenance (Linear (Linear Location (Miles) L Feet) Feet) (Squares)1 Feet) (Squares)1 (Squares)1 Feet) Feet)

Standard Revetment: Spanish Moss, AR ...... 539 R ------4,580 Tarpley Island, MS ...... 542 R ------2,000 Miller Bend, MS ...... 544 L ------29,360 Island 82, AR ...... 546 R ------3,080 Ashbrook Island, MS...... 549 R ------3,455 Arkansas City-Yellow Bend, AR ...... 553 R ------48,386 41 Huntington Point, MS ...... 556 L ------21,205

- 68 Pair O’Dice, AR ...... 561 R ------9,095 Eutaw-Mounds, MS ...... 563 L ------40,188 Cypress Bend, AR ...... 568 R ------34,405 Catfish Point, MS ...... 573 L ------20,075 Ozark, AR-MS...... 578 R ------22,015 Prentiss, AR-MS ...... 582 L ------20,315 Rosedale Bend, AR ...... 585 L ------8,022 Riverton, MS ...... 586 L ------12,500 Klondike, AR ...... 588 R ------25,295 Victoria Bend-Terrene, MS ...... 593 L ------29,245 Lake Concordia, MS ...... 596 L 3,000 ------17,703 Big Island, AR ...... 598 R ------16,515 Smith Point, MS ...... 601 L ------18,185 Dennis, MS ...... 611 L ------25,195 Cessions, MS ...... 615 L ------10,910

Total Revetment,

Vicksburg District, 6,000 1,546,301 Mississippi River ...... (1.14 Mi) 0 0 6,790 31,641 35,974 -- (292.86 Mi)

TABLE 41-I BANK REVETMENTS AND DIKES: VICKSBURG DISTRICT (Continued) (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

Operations This FY Construction Non- Above New Work Operative Operative Head Bank Exten- Reinforcement Since Thru of R sion Lap Prior FY This FY Passes or (Linear (Linear (Linear Maintenance (Linear (Linear Location (Miles) L Feet) Feet) (Squares)1 Feet) (Squares)1 (Squares)1 Feet) Feet)

Dikes: (2) (3) Jackson Point, MS ...... 330 L ------4,306

MISSISSIPPI RIVERCOMMISSION MISSISSIPPI Buck Island, MS ...... 339 L ------6,334 Opposite Warnicott Ldg., MS ...... 352 L ------10,791 Natchez Island, LA-MS ...... 358 R ------14,608 Opposite Rifle Point, MS ...... 369 L ------3,214 Rifle Point, LA ...... 369 R ------4,197 Waterproof Bar, LA ...... 379 R ------14,580

41 Spithead Towhead, MS ...... 386 L ------9,681

- 69 Browns Field, LA ...... 388 R ------11,557 Cottage Bend, LA-MS ...... 389 L ------14,049 Bondurant Towhead, LA ...... 394 R ------6,029 Coffee Point, LA ...... 405 R ------11,925 Yucatan, MS ...... 410 R ------13,932 Togo Island, LA ...... 416 L ------8,256 Newtown Bend, LA...... 420 R ------6,739 Diamond Cutoff, MS ...... 423 L ------6,711 Below Racetrack, MS ...... 430 L ------19,378 Racetrack Towhead, MS ...... 431 R ------15,270 Delta Point, LA ...... 439 R ------9,040 False Point, LA...... 441 R ------5,675 Marshall Cutoff, LA ...... 448 R ------5,166 Below Grand Gulf, MS ...... 399 L ------4,783 Fritz Island, LA ...... 338 R 200 1,039 -- 1,526 ------4,360 Forest Home Towhead, LA ...... 449 L ------15,873 Willow Cutoff, LA ...... 462 R ------5,197 Tennessee Bar, MS ...... 465 L ------8,166 Arcadia Point, MS ...... 470 L 955 960 ------10,418 Cottonwood Bar, MS ...... 471 R 250 1,374 ------6,126 Point Lookout, LA ...... 478 R ------2,751

TABLE 41-I BANK REVETMENTS AND DIKES: VICKSBURG DISTRICT (Continued) (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

REPORT OF SECRETARY THE OF THE ARMYCIVILON WORKS FY FOR ACTIVITIES 2010 Operations This FY Construction Non- Above New Work Operative Operative Head Bank Exten- Reinforcement Since Thru of R sion Lap Prior FY This FY Passes or (Linear (Linear (Linear Maintenance (Linear (Linear Location (Miles) L Feet) Feet) (Squares)1 Feet) (Squares)1 (Squares)1 Feet) Feet)

Dikes: (2) (3) Ajax Bar, MS...... 482 L ------28,152 Ben Lomond, MS ...... 488 L ------24,667 Baleshed Ldg., MS ...... 493 L ------15,721 Wilson Point, LA ...... 500 R ------8,423 Corregidor, MS ...... 505 L ------6,730 Carolina, AR ...... 509 L ------2,897 Cracraft Lower, AR ...... 510 R ------10,329

41 Cracraft, AR ...... 513 R ------3,809

- 70 Leota, MS ...... 514 L ------7,571 Island 86, AR ...... 520 R ------18,477 Seven Oaks, AR ...... 523 R ------10,263 Walnut Point, MS ...... 525 L ------7,005 Anconia Chute, AR ...... 527 R ------8,583 Refuge, MS ...... 528 L ------19,695 Island 84, AR ...... 532 L ------12,875 Vaucluse, AR ...... 533 R ------7,114 Warfield Point, AR ...... 535 L ------2,020 Leland Bar, AR-MS ...... 538 R ------15,086 Leland Neck, AR-MS ...... 540 L ------4,315 Tarpley Cutoff, MS-AR ...... 540 R ------10,478 Tarpley Island, MS-AR ...... 542.4 R ------6,050 Island 82-Miller Bend, AR-MS ...... 544 R&L ------13,646 Ashbrook-Miller Bend, AR-MS ..... 547 L&R ------13,015 Ashbrook Cutoff, MS ...... 549 L ------8,728 Below Yellow Bend, AR-MS ...... 549.4 R ------2,100 Chicot Ldg., AR ...... 564 R ------22,381 Catfish Point, MS ...... 571 L ------5,290 Below Prentiss, MS ...... 580 L ------12,413

TABLE 41-I BANK REVETMENTS AND DIKES: VICKSBURG DISTRICT (Continued) (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

Operations This FY Construction Non- Above New Work Operative Operative Head Bank Exten- Reinforcement Since Thru of R sion Lap Prior FY This FY Passes or (Linear (Linear (Linear Maintenance (Linear (Linear Location (Miles) L Feet) Feet) (Squares)1 Feet) (Squares)1 (Squares)1 Feet) Feet)

Dikes: (2) (3) Above Ozark, AR-MS ...... 580 R ------5,545

MISSISSIPPI RIVERCOMMISSION MISSISSIPPI Malone Field, AR ...... 585 R ------7,549 Terrene, MS ...... 590 L ------11,025 White River Landing, AR ...... 591 R ------2,201 Montgomery Towhead, AR ...... 592 R ------8,647 Victoria Bend, AR ...... 596 R ------9,202 Smith Point, MS ...... 600 L ------7,617

41 Island 70, MS ...... 608 L ------29,135

- 71 Total Dikes, Vicksburg District, 1,405 3,373 1,526 659,978 Mississippi River ...... (0.27 Mi) (0.64 Mi) -- (0.29 Mi) ------(125.00 Mi)

Miles Above Mouth

ARKANSAS RIVER4 Standard Revetment: Menard Bend, AR ...... 31 L ------11,770 Como, AR...... 34 R ------11,720 Morgan Bend, AR ...... 36 L ------5,250 Yancopin, AR ...... 24 R ------2,800

Total Standard Revetment, 31,540 Arkansas River ...... ------(5.97 Mi)

TABLE 41-I BANK REVETMENTS AND DIKES: VICKSBURG DISTRICT (Continued) (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

REPORT OF SECRETARY THE OF THE ARMYCIVILON WORKS FY FOR ACTIVITIES 2010 Above Operations This FY Conflu Construction Non- ence New Work Operative Operative with Bank Exten- Reinforcement Since Thru Miss. R sion Lap Prior FY This FY River or (Linear (Linear (Linear Maintenance (Linear (Linear Location (Miles) L Feet) Feet) (Squares)1 Feet) (Squares)1 (Squares)1 Feet) Feet)

Dikes: (2) (3) Hopedale Cutoff, AR ...... 30 R ------1,848 Morgan Bend, AR ...... 36 L ------3,658 Fletcher Bend, AR ...... 39 R ------2,187

Total Dikes, Arkansas 7,693 River ...... ------(1.46 Mi)

41 RED RIVER4

- 72 Standard Revetment: Dupre, LA ...... 69 R ------2,690 Bringol, LA ...... 73 R ------4,000 Egg Bend, LA...... 75 R ------2,400 Cologne Bend, LA ...... 77 R ------650 Roxana, LA ...... 83 R ------3,325 Ryland, LA ...... 88 R ------3,925 Whittington, LA ...... 89 R ------2,900 Smith, LA ...... 91 R ------2,700 Latanier, LA ...... 93 R ------2,460 Hudson, LA ...... 99 R ------1,458 Robert, LA ...... 102 R ------5,500 Alexandria Front, LA ...... 105 R ------5,280 Callahan, LA ...... 110 R ------4,000 Cotton, LA ...... 116 R ------14,700 Rapides, LA ...... 119 R ------1,030 Boyce, LA ...... 125 R ------4,548

Total Standard Revetment, 61,566 Red River ...... ------(11.66 Mi)

TABLE 41-I BANK REVETMENTS AND DIKES: VICKSBURG DISTRICT (Continued) (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

Above Operations This FY Conflu- Construction Non- ence New Work Operative Operative with Bank Exten- Reinforcement Since Thru Miss. R sion Lap Prior FY This FY River or (Linear (Linear (Linear Maintenance (Linear (Linear Location (Miles) L Feet) Feet) (Squares)1 Feet) (Squares)1 (Squares)1 Feet) Feet)

Dikes:6 (2) (3) Choctaw Bayou Bend, LA...... 71 R ------2,000

MISSISSIPPI RIVERCOMMISSION MISSISSIPPI Bringol (Egg Bend), LA ...... 73 R ------2,477 Egg Bend, LA...... 75 R ------900 Cologne Bend, LA ...... 77 R ------1,850 Echo, LA ...... 78 R ------1,900 Richardson, LA ...... 79 R ------2,700 Alexandria, LA ...... 105 R ------

41 Bertrand, LA ...... 122 R ------7,630

- 73 Dismal Swamp, LA ...... 24 L ------1,411

Total Dikes, Red River ...... ------20,868 (3.95 Mi)

1. Gross squares articulated concrete mattress (100 square feet). 2. Linear feet of dike which were raised. 3. Linear feet of dike on which repairs were made. 4. See report on Arkansas River and tributaries, AR and OK, under Little Rock District. 5. Mileages based on 1967 hydrographic survey. 6. Includes all types of dikes and retards. 7. Stone paving only. 8. Longitudinal peak stone toe demonstration revetment.

TABLE 41-J BANK REVETMENTS AND DIKES: MEMPHIS DISTRICT (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

REPORT OF SECRETARY THE OF THE ARMYCIVILON WORKS FY FOR ACTIVITIES 2010 Operations This FY Construction Non- Above New Work Operative Operative Head Bank Exten- Reinforcement Since Thru of R sion Lap Prior FY This FY Passes or (Linear (Linear (Linear Maintenance (Linear (Linear Location (Miles) L Feet) Feet) (Squares)1 Feet) (Squares)1 (Squares)1 Feet) Feet)

MISSISSIPPI RIVER Standard Revetment: Big Island, AR ...... 598 R ------5,935 Scrubgrass Bend, AR...... 600 R ------8,635 Henrico, AR ...... 606 R ------33,310 Cessions Towhead, AR ...... 615 L ------11,465 Island 67, MS ...... 621 L ------14,630 Island 68 Bar— Knowlton, AR ...... 622 R ------26,710 41 Ludlow, AR ...... 626 R ------10,390

- 74 Chute of Island 64, AR-MS ...... 628 R ------4,1807 Rescue Land, AR-MS ...... 629 L ------27,020 Fair Landing, AR ...... 632 R ------27,515 Burke Landing, MS ...... 637 L ------19,070 Island 62, AR ...... 638 R ------9,030 Island 63, MS ...... 639 L ------11,514 Island 63 Bar, MS ...... 639 L ------3,795 Oldtown Bend, AR ...... 644 R ------28,420 Horseshoe, MS ...... 647 L ------16,385 Westover, AR...... 650 R ------15,640 Delta-Friars Point, MS ...... 653 L ------30,090 Helena, AR ...... 660 R ------36,460 Helena Towhead, AR ...... 664 R ------3,690 Trotters Landing, MS ...... 665 L ------38,685 Flower Lake, MS ...... 667 L ------16,385 St. Francis, AR ...... 672 R ------24,663 Harbert Point, MS ...... 675 L ------9,065 Walnut Bend, AR ...... 680 R ------31,070 Mhoon Bend, MS ...... 685 L ------12,733 -- 46,340 Peters, AR...... 692 R ------33,760 Commerce, MS ...... 695 L ------29,085 Porter Lake, AR ...... 700 R ------34,155

TABLE 41-J BANK REVETMENTS AND DIKES: MEMPHIS DISTRICT (Continued) (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

Operations This FY Construction Non- Above New Work Operative Operative Head Bank Exten- Reinforcement Since Thru of R sion Lap Prior FY This FY Passes or (Linear (Linear (Linear Maintenance (Linear (Linear Location (Miles) L Feet) Feet) (Squares)1 Feet) (Squares)1 (Squares)1 Feet) Feet)

Standard Revetment: Pickett, MS-AR ...... 703 R ------12,575 Seyppel, AR ...... 709 R ------4,830

MISSISSIPPI RIVERCOMMISSION MISSISSIPPI Norfolk-Star, MS ...... 711 L ------39,505 Cow Island Bend, AR ...... 714 R ------1,148 3,862 16,289 -- 22,274 Cow Island Bend (Upper), TN ...... 716 R ------8,623 Coahoma, TN ...... 717 L ------9,270 Ensley, TN ...... 723 L ------46,256

41 Dismal Point, AR ...... 724 R ------7,200

- 75 Bauxippi-Wyanoke, AR...... 730 R ------28,701 Presidents Island, TN ...... 733 L ------12,755 Hopefield Point, AR-TN ...... 736 R ------10,360 Loosahatchie-Memphis, TN ...... 737 L ------31,293 Loosahatchie Bar, TN ...... 740 R ------2,070 St. Clair, AR ...... 742 R ------2,930 Island 40, TN-AR ...... 744 R ------30,750 Brandywine, AR-TN ...... 750 R ------18,010 Shelby Forest, TN ...... 753 L ------9,545 Dean Island, AR ...... 756 R ------7,555 Cedar Point-Densford, TN...... 759 L ------21,100 Chute of Island 35, TN ...... 764 R ------2,951 9,464 3,988 -- 30,930 Richardson Ldg, TN ...... 769 L ------2,855 Randolph, TN 771 L ------5,70010 Lookout Bar, TN ...... 772 R ------2,990 Lookout, TN ...... 774 R ------5,005 Sunrise Towhead, TN ...... 776 R ------18,440 Driver Bar, TN ...... 780 L ------7,360 Lower Bullerton, AR ...... 782 R ------28,350 Kate Aubrey Towhead- Island 30, TN ...... 786 R ------30,808 Osceola Grions, AR ...... 786 R ------1,3503

TABLE 41-J BANK REVETMENTS AND DIKES: MEMPHIS DISTRICT (Continued) (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

REPORT OF SECRETARY THE OF THE ARMYCIVILON WORKS FY FOR ACTIVITIES 2010 Operations This FY Construction Non- Above New Work Operative Operative Head Bank Exten- Reinforcement Since Thru of R sion Lap Prior FY This FY Passes or (Linear (Linear (Linear Maintenance (Linear (Linear Location (Miles) L Feet) Feet) (Squares)1 Feet) (Squares)1 (Squares)1 Feet) Feet)

Standard Revetment: Osceola, AR ...... 787 R ------5,823 Ashport-Keyes Point, TN ...... 791 L ------44,232 Kate Aubrey, TN ...... 793 R ------2,500 Island 26, TN ...... 798 R ------15,690 Bend of Island 25, TN ...... 803 L ------32,385 Barfield, AR ...... 808 R ------52,335 Obion-Tamm, TN ...... 819 L ------55,651 Huffman-Hickman, AR-TN ...... 826 R ------29,764

41

- Heloise, TN ...... 831 L ------17,935 76 Island 18, MO...... 836 R 1,392 212 4,455 ------31,882

Linwood Bend, TN ...... 841 L ------14,850 Blaker Towhead, TN ...... 845 L ------18,562 Bells Point, MO ...... 845 R ------5,420 Gayoso-Caruthersville, MO ...... 848 R ------25,600 Island 15, TN ...... 851 L ------3,630 Hathaway Landing, TN ...... 852 L ------1,000 Robinson Bayou, MO ...... 852 R ------22,630 Fritz Landing, TN ...... 857 L ------15,670 Lee Towhead, MO ...... 859 L ------9,640 Bend of Island 14, TN ...... 859 L ------15,830 Above Lee Towhead, TN...... 861 L ------4,943 Little Cypress, MO ...... 864 R ------40,140 Merriwether-Cherokee, TN ...... 869 L ------43,271 Linda, MO ...... 876 R ------20,000 Below Toney’s Towhead, TN ...... 879 L ------20,895

Toney’s Towhead, KY-TN ...... 882 L ------13,640 Kentucky Point, KY ...... 887 L ------7,960 New Madrid Bar, KY ...... 888 R ------16,825

TABLE 41-J BANK REVETMENTS AND DIKES: MEMPHIS DISTRICT (Continued) (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

Operations This FY Construction Non- Above New Work Operative Operative Head Bank Exten- Reinforcement Since Thru of R sion Lap Prior FY This FY Passes or (Linear (Linear (Linear Maintenance (Linear (Linear Location (Miles) L Feet) Feet) (Squares)1 Feet) (Squares)1 (Squares)1 Feet) Feet)

Standard Revetment: New Madrid Bend, MO ...... 889 R ------43,262 La Forge, MO ...... 892 R ------24,930

MISSISSIPPI RIVERCOMMISSION MISSISSIPPI Slough Landing Neck, TN-KY ...... 899 L ------37,520 Winchester Towhead, MO ...... 900 R ------5,540 Island 9, KY-TN ...... 905 L ------33,585 Milton Bell, MO ...... 908 R ------16,600 Chute of Island 8, KY ...... 913 L ------12,620

41 Bend of Island 8, MO ...... 914 R ------39,945

- 77 Island 8, KY ...... 914 R ------18,515 Hickman-Reelfoot, KY ...... 919 L ------46,399 Hickman Bar, KY ...... 921 L ------1,940 Beckwith Bend, MO ...... 924 R ------20,155 Williams, KY ...... 927 L ------10,015 Wolf Island, KY ...... 934 R ------29,714 Columbus, KY...... 937 L ------7,395

Belmont, MO ...... 938 R ------5,785 Island 3 and 4, KY ...... 940 R ------19,970 Campbell, KY ...... 943 L ------6,865 Pritchard, MO ...... 948 R ------15,045 Mayfield Creek, KY ...... 949 L ------8,935 Wickliffe, KY ...... 953 L ------16,150 Cache-Cairo, IL (Ohio River) ...... 958 R ------29,927

Total Revetment, Memphis District, Mississippi River ...... 1,392 212 4,455 4,099 13,326 33,010 -- 2,107,084 (0.26 Mi) ------(399.07 Mi)

TABLE 41-J BANK REVETMENTS AND DIKES: MEMPHIS DISTRICT (Continued) (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

REPORT OF SECRETARY THE OF THE ARMYCIVILON WORKS FY FOR ACTIVITIES 2010 Operations This FY Construction Non- Above New Work Operative Operative Head Bank Exten- Reinforcement Since Thru of R sion Lap Prior FY This FY Passes or (Linear (Linear (Linear Maintenance (Linear (Linear Location (Miles) L Feet) Feet) (Squares)1 Feet) (Squares)1 (Squares)1 Feet) Feet)

Dikes: (8) (6) Big Island Bendway Weirs, AR ...... 600 R ------4,105 Henrico, AR ...... 603 R ------9,080 Below Knowlton, AR ...... 616 R ------21,810 Island 67, MS ...... 621 L ------4,320 Below Ludlow, AR ...... 624 R ------5,040 Sunflower, AR ...... 627 L ------5,520 Island 64, AR ...... 630 R ------7,330

41 Rescue Landing, MS ...... 631 L ------2,530

- 78 Island 62, AR ...... 638 R ------23,180

Island 63 Bar, MS ...... 639 L ------2,600 Island 63, MS ...... 640 L ------5,640 Old Town Bend Hardpoints, AR ..... 646 R ------600 -- 1,195 Kangaroo Point, AR ...... 649 R ------6,580 Westover Bendway Weirs, AR ...... 652 R ------3,942 Friars Point, MS ...... 652 L ------6,870 Montezuma Bar, MS ...... 657 L ------17,970 Montezuma Towhead, AR ...... 656 R ------6,700 Prairie Point, AR ...... 668 R ------10,391 Flower Lake, MS ...... 668 L ------11,060 St. Francis Towhead ...... 671 L ------3,380 Below Walnut Bend, AR ...... 676 R ------8,340 Boreaux Point, MS ...... 681 L ------10,7302 Walnut Bend, AR ...... 682 R ------6,390 Peters, AR...... 693 R ------7,830 Commerce, MS ...... 694 L ------10,745 Basket Bar, AR ...... 696 R ------6,340

Buck Island, MS ...... 700 L ------4,705 Porter Lake, AR ...... 701 R ------23,115 Pickett, MS ...... 704 L ------10,080 Seyppel, AR ...... 706 R ------16,230

TABLE 41-J BANK REVETMENTS AND DIKES: MEMPHIS DISTRICT (Continued) (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

Operations This FY Construction Non- Above New Work Operative Operative Head Bank Exten- Reinforcement Since Thru of R sion Lap Prior FY This FY Passes or (Linear (Linear (Linear Maintenance (Linear (Linear Location (Miles) L Feet) Feet) (Squares)1 Feet) (Squares)1 (Squares)1 Feet) Feet)

Dikes: (8) (6) Norfolk Star, MS 708 L ------1,915 Cat Island , AR ...... 710 R 5,444 ------1,380 Island 47 Hardpoints, MS ...... 713 L ------250 -- 16,355 RIVERCOMMISSION MISSISSIPPI Coahoma, TN ...... 718 L ------4,640 Armstrong, AR-TN ...... 720 R ------600 -- 21,240 Below Ensley, TN ...... 721 L ------915 Dismal Point, AR ...... 724 R ------30,950 Engineers Bar, AR ...... 734 R ------4,155 41 Hopefield Point, AR ...... 736 R ------5,350

- 79 Memphis Front, TN ...... 736 L ------6,300 Robinson Crusoe, TN ...... 738 R ------21,939 Loosahatchie Bar, TN ...... 739 R ------3,950 Sycamore Chute, AR-TN ...... 741 R ------6,725 Above Loosahatchie, TN ...... 742 L ------12,295 Redman Point, AR ...... 743 R ------7,750 Randolph Point, TN ...... 747 L ------16,940 Poker Point, AR ...... 748 R ------8,060 Shelby Forest, TN ...... 751 L ------5,540 Corona Bar, TN-AR ...... 755 R ------9,400 Densford, TN ...... 757 L ------7,780 Cedar Point, TN...... 759 L ------2,890 Reverie Bendway Weirs, TN 766 R 3,079 ------3,079 Below Richardson Landing, TN .... 767 L ------5,950 Lookout, TN-AR ...... 771 R ------20,130 Randolph, TN ...... 772 L ------1,200 -- 17,005 Hatchie Towhead, TN ...... 773 L ------3,300 Below Sunrise, AR ...... 774 R ------1,975 Driver Bar, AR ...... 780 L ------6,360 Lower Bullerton, AR ...... 781 R ------4,125 Plum Point, TN ...... 784 L ------14,363 Lake Neark, AR ...... 786 R ------2,545

TABLE 41-J BANK REVETMENTS AND DIKES: MEMPHIS DISTRICT (Continued) (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

REPORT OF SECRETARY THE OF THE ARMYCIVILON WORKS FY FOR ACTIVITIES 2010 Operations This FY Construction Non- Above New Work Operative Operative Head Bank Exten- Reinforcement Since Thru of R sion Lap Prior FY This FY Passes or (Linear (Linear (Linear Maintenance (Linear (Linear Location (Miles) L Feet) Feet) (Squares)1 Feet) (Squares)1 (Squares)1 Feet) Feet)

Dikes: (8) (6) Island 30 ...... 787 R ------5,485 Kate Aubrey, TN ...... 791 R ------12,260 Keyes Point, TN ...... 791 L ------31,210 Ashport-Goldust, TN-AR ...... 795 R ------17,330 Forked Deer, TN ...... 798 L ------9,855 Bend of Island 25 Bendway Weirs, TN 803 L 3,250 ------3,250 Island 25, AR ...... 804 R ------5,450

41 Nebraska Point, TN ...... 808 L ------12,149

- Below Tamm Bend, TN ...... 813 L ------8,300

80

Wrights Point, AR ...... 820 R ------34,775 Island 21, Chute, TN ...... 824 L ------3,170 Head of Island 21, TN ...... 828 L ------15,540 Island 20, MO-TN ...... 831 R ------21,969 Island 18, TN ...... 837 L ------8,670 Tennemo, TN ...... 842 L ------8,240 Blaker Towhead, TN ...... 843 L ------4,080 Caruthersville-Linwood Bend, MO ...... 844 R ------30,590 Opposite Carthersville, TN ...... 846 L ------3,300 Sandy Hook, TN ...... 850 R ------2,350 Island 15, TN ...... 851 L ------8,830 Robinson Bayou, MO ...... 853 R ------10,768 Hathaway, TN...... 854 L ------27,355 Island 15 Neck, TN ...... 854 L ------21,100 Above Lee Towhead, TN...... 859 L ------1,300 Below Cherokee, TN ...... 866 L ------6,625 Stewart Towhead, MO ...... 871 R ------23,160 Ruddles Point, MO ...... 874 R ------8,130 Island 11, MO ...... 882 R ------14,330 New Madrid Bend, MO ...... 887 R ------1,715

TABLE 41-J BANK REVETMENTS AND DIKES: MEMPHIS DISTRICT (Continued) (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

Operations This FY Construction Non- Above New Work Operative Operative Head Bank Exten- Reinforcement Since Thru of R sion Lap Prior FY This FY Passes or (Linear (Linear (Linear Maintenance (Linear (Linear Location (Miles) L Feet) Feet) (Squares)1 Feet) (Squares)1 (Squares)1 Feet) Feet)

Dikes: (8) (6) Kentucky Point, KY ...... 887 L ------15,610 Morrison Towhead, MO ...... 890 R ------1,070 Hotchkiss Bend, MO ...... 895 R ------14,208 RIVERCOMMISSION MISSISSIPPI Slough Landing, KY ...... 896 L ------5,065 Below Island 9, TN ...... 901 L ------21,989 Donaldson Point, MO ...... 905 R ------24,275 Island 9, KY ...... 906 L ------7,0105 Island 7 - Island 8, MO-KY ...... 917 R ------15,345 41 Below Williams, KY ...... 925 L ------3,640

- 81 Moore Island, KY-MO ...... 929 R ------10,790 Above Williams, KY ...... 930 L ------1,150 Wolf Island Bar, KY ...... 933 L ------12,260 Campbell, KY ...... 942 L ------2,610 Pritchard, MO ...... 944 R ------9,390 Island 1, KY ...... 948 L ------18,745 Total Dikes Memphis District, Mississippi River ...... 11,773 ------2,650 0 1,068,936 (2.23 Mi) (202.45 Mi) 1. Gross squares articulated concrete mattress (100 square feet). 6. Linear feet of dike on which repairs were made. 2. Changed to correct previous errors. 7. Stone paving only. 3. Lumber mattress revetment. 8. Linear feet of dike which were raised. 4. Rock Groins. 9. Linear feet of bank protected by stone hard points (38 Total). 5. Linear feet of triangular frame retards and pile dikes. 10. Includes 3,800 linear feet of bank protected by stone hard points (19 Total).

TABLE 41-K PROJECT LEVEES: NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

Levees and Floodwalls REPORT OF SECRETARY THE OF THE ARMYCIVILON WORKS FY FOR ACTIVITIES 2010 (Miles) Built to Approved Berm1 Surfaced Roads on Levees Grade and Section (Miles) (Miles) Total Total Cur- In Com- Cur- In Com- Cur-

in Total rently System plete rently System plete rently Authorized Place Thru Under When Built Thru Under When Built Thru Under for This This This Con- Com- This This Con- Com- This This Con- Location System FY FY FY struction pleted FY FY struction pleted FY FY struction MAIN STEM LEVEES Mississippi River Levees Fifth Louisiana Levee District ...... (16.8) (16.8) (--) (6.6) (--) (--) (--) (--) (--) (15.5) (--) (15.5) (--) Levees ...... 15.5 15.5 -- 5.3 ------15.5 -- 15.5 -- Old River structures and levees...... 1.3 1.3 -- 1.3 ------Atchafalaya Basin Levee District...... (126.3) (126.3) (--) (117.8) (--) (1.0) (--) (1.0) (--) (118.7) (--) (118.7) (--) Levees ...... 118.7 118.7 -- 110.2 -- 1.0 -- 1.0 -- 118.7 -- 118.7 --

41 Morganza structure and levee ...... 0.8 0.8 -- 0.8 ------

- 82 Morganza forebay levee ...... 6.7 6.7 -- 6.7 ------

Port Allen lock ...... 0.1 0.1 -- 0.1 ------Lafourche Basin Levee District Levees ...... 61.7 61.7 -- 35.1 -- 0.1 -- 0.1 -- 61.7 -- 61.7 -- Plaquemines West Levee District Levees ...... 37.9 37.9 -- 2.0 ------37.9 -- 37.9 -- Buras Levee District ...... (34.1) (34.1) (--) (34.1) (--) (--) (--) (--) (--) (34.0) (--) (34.0) (--) Levees ...... 34.0 34.0 -- 34.0 ------34.0 -- 34.0 -- Empire lock ...... 0.1 0.1 -- 0.1 ------Baton Rouge front levees ...... 2.1 2.1 -- 2.0 ------2.1 -- 2.1 -- Pontchartrain Levee District...... (124.9) (124.9) (--) (91.1) (--) (0.1) (--) (--) (--) (110.8) (--) (110.8) (--) Levees ...... 110.8 110.8 -- 81.3 -- 0.1 ------110.8 -- 110.8 -- Bonnet Carré guide levees ...... 11.3 11.3 -- 2.0 ------Bonnet Carré forebay levee ...... 1.3 1.3 -- 1.3 ------Bonnet Carré structure ...... 1.5 1.5 1.5 ------East Jefferson Levee District -- Levees ...... 11.6 11.6 -- 7.7 ------11.6 -- 11.6 -- West Jefferson Levee District (20.0) (20.0) (--) (12.5) (--) (--) (--) (--) (--) (19.9) (--) (19.9) (--) Levees ...... 19.8 19.8 -- 12.3 ------19.8 -- 19.8 -- Floodwalls ...... 0.1 0.1 -- 0.1 ------0.1 -- 0.1 -- Harvey Canal Lock ...... 0.1 0.1 0.1 ------

TABLE 41-K PROJECT LEVEES: NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT (Continued) (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

Levees and Floodwalls (Miles) Built to Approved Berm1 Surfaced Roads on Levees Grade and Section (Miles) (Miles) Total Total Cur- In Com- Cur- In Com- Cur-

in Total rently System plete rently System plete rently Authorized Place Thru Under When Built Thru Under When Built Thru Under for This This This Con- Com- This This Con- Com- This This Con- Location System FY FY FY struction pleted FY FY struction pleted FY FY struction Orleans Levee District ...... (13.3) (13.3) (--) (8.1) (--) (--) (--) (--) (--) (4.6) (--) (4.6) (--) Levees ...... 4.6 4.6 -- 0.0 ------4.6 -- 4.6 --

Floodwalls ...... 8.6 8.6 -- 8.0 ------RIVERCOMMISSION MISSISSIPPI IHNC lock ...... 0.1 0.1 -- 0.1 ------Algiers Levee District ...... (13.9) (13.9) (--) (4.9) (--) (--) (--) (--) (--) (13.8) (--) (13.8) (--) Levees ...... 13.8 13.8 -- 4.8 ------13.8 -- 13.8 -- Algiers Canal lock ...... 0.1 0.1 -- 0.1 ------Lake Borgne Basin Levee District Levees ...... 11.6 11.6 -- 6.7 ------11.6 -- 11.6 --

41 Grand Prairie Levee District Levees ...... 37.4 37.4 -- 7.1 ------37.4 -- 37.4 --

- 83 Total Mississippi River ...... 511.6 511.6 -- 335.7 -- 1.2 -- 1.1 -- 479.6 -- 479.6 --

Other Levees Included in Main Stem Louisiana State Pen Levee ...... 12.1 12.1 0 12.1 ------Atchafalaya Basin Atchafalaya River and Bayou des Glaises...... (148.4) (148.4) (--) (143.3) (--) (--) (--) (--) (--) (148.4) (--) (148.4) (--) East Bank Atchafalaya River ...... 52.5 52.5 -- 52.5 ------52.5 -- 52.5 --

Bayou des Glaises...... 7.9 7.9 -- 7.9 ------7.9 -- 7.9 -- West Bank Atchafalaya River ...... 60.1 60.1 -- 55.0 ------60.1 -- 60.1 -- Simmesport Ring ...... 1.6 1.6 -- 1.6 ------1.6 -- 1.6 -- Melville Ring ...... 4.1 4.1 -- 4.1 ------4.1 -- 4.1 -- Krotz Springs Ring ...... 1.7 1.7 -- 1.7 ------1.7 -- 1.7 -- Mansura Hills to Hamburg ...... 20.5 20.5 -- 20.5 ------20.5 -- 20.5 -- West protection levee, Hamburg to Berwick drainage canal via Calumet ...... 128.7 128.7 -- 116.8 4.7 ------128.7 -- 128.4 -- Levees west of Berwick, Berwick drainage canal to Charenton -- drainage canal ...... 56.5 56.5 -- 46.2 2.2 ------56.5 -- 56.5 -- Morganza upper guide levee ...... 8.9 8.9 8.9 ------8.9 -- 8.9 --

TABLE 41-K PROJECT LEVEES: NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT (Continued) (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

Levees and Floodwalls REPORT OF SECRETARY THE OF THE ARMYCIVILON WORKS FY FOR ACTIVITIES 2010 (Miles) Built to Approved Berm1 Surfaced Roads on Levees Grade and Section (Miles) (Miles) Total Total Cur- In Com- Cur- In Com- Cur-

in Total rently System plete rently System plete rently Authorized Place Thru Under When Built Thru Under When Built Thru Under for This This This Con- Com- This This Con- Com- This This Con- Location System FY FY FY struction pleted FY FY struction pleted FY FY struction

East Protection levee, Morganza to Cutoff Bayou, including 19.5 miles of Morganza lower guide levee ...... 106.7 106.7 -- 100.8 2.6 ------105.0 -- 86.0 -- Total Atchafalaya Basin ...... 449.2 449.2 -- 416.0 9.5 ------447.5 -- 428.2 -- Total Other Levees Included in Main Stem ...... 461.3 461.3 -- 428.1 ------447.5 -- 428.2 -- Total-Main Stem Levees ...... 972.9 972.9 -- 929.5 -- 1.2 -- 1.1 -- 927.1 -- 907.8 --

41 TRIBUTARY LEVEES IN

- MR&T PROJECT

84 Lake Pontchartrain, LA ...... (17.4) (17.4) (--) (17.4) (--) (--) (--) (--) (--) (17.4) (--) (17.4) (--)

Item A levees ...... 5.0 5.0 -- 5.0 ------5.0 -- 5.0 -- Item B levees ...... 10.1 10.1 -- 10.1 ------10.1 -- 10.1 -- Item C levees ...... 2.3 2.3 -- 2.3 ------2.3 -- 2.3 -- Total Tributary Levees in MR&T Project ...... 17.4 17.4 -- 17.4 ------17.4 -- 17.4 --

GRAND TOTAL 990.3 980.9 -- 946.9 14.8 1.2 -- 1.1 -- 944.5 -- 925.2 --

1. Landside seepage berms only. 2. Changed to correct previous error.

TABLE 41-L PROJECT LEVEES: VICKSBURG DISTRICT (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

Levees and Floodwalls (Miles) Built to Approved Berm1 Surfaced Roads on Levees Grade and Section (Miles) (Miles) Total Total Cur- In Com- Cur- In Com- Cur-

in Total rently System plete rently System plete rently Authorized Place Built Thru Under When Built Thru Under When Built Thru Under for This This This Con- Com- This This Con- Com- This This Con- Location System FY FY FY struction pleted FY FY struction pleted FY FY struction

MAIN STEM LEVEES Mississippi River Levees

East bank in Mississippi ...... 178.34 178.3 8.9 140.7 8.0 156.9 -- 135.0 -- 176.6 -- 140.6 8.0 RIVERCOMMISSION MISSISSIPPI Greenville Harbor dikes ...... 7.8 7.8 -- 7.8 ------5.5 -- 5.5 -- West bank in Arkansas ...... 75.6 75.6 -- 55.0 -- 61.3 -- 54.3 -- 75.6 -- 55.0 -- West bank in Louisiana (above Red River) ...... 198.7 198.7 3.7 100.0 27.1 91.0 -- 74.9 -- 198.7 -- 100.0 27.1 Total Mississippi River Levees ...... 460.4 460.4 12.6 303.5 35.1 309.2 -- 264.2 -- 456.4 -- 301.0 35.1

41 Other Levees Included in Main

- Stem

85 Lower Red River-South Bank Red River levees ...... (59.2) (59.2) -- (59.2) (--) (--) (--) (--) (--) (59.2) (--) (59.2) (--) Hotwells to Moncla, LA, levees ...... 59.2 59.2 -- 59.2 ------59.2 -- 59.2 -- Arkansas River, South Bank ...... 85.4 85.4 -- 85.4 -- 24.7 -- 24.7 -- 84.1 -- 81.1 -- Total Other Levees Included in Main Stem ...... 144.6 144.6 -- 144.6 -- 24.7 -- 24.7 -- 143.3 -- 140.3 -- Total-Main Stem Levees ...... 605.0 605.0 -- 448.1 35.1 333.9 -- 288.9 -- 599.7 -- 441.3 35.1

TRIBUTARY LEVEES IN MR&T PROJECT Arkansas River, North Bank ...... 61.55 56.2 -- 56.2 -- 8.3 -- 8.3 -- 47.4 -- 47.4 -- Red River Backwater Levees ...... 263.6 246.97 246.97 ------246.97 -- 246.97 --

TABLE 41-L PROJECT LEVEES: VICKSBURG DISTRICT (Continued) (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

REPORT OF SECRETARY THE OF THE ARMYCIVILON WORKS FY FOR ACTIVITIES 2010 Levees and Floodwalls (Miles) Built to Approved Berm1 Surfaced Roads on Levees Grade and Section (Miles) (Miles) Total Total Cur- In Com- Cur- In Com- Cur-

in Total rently System plete rently System plete rently Authorized Place Built Thru Under When Built Thru Under When Built Thru Under for This This This Con- Com- This This Con- Com- This This Con- Location System FY FY FY struction pleted FY FY struction pleted FY FY struction

Yazoo River Basin ...... (624.1) (427.4) (--) (237.6) (--) (--) (--) (--) (--) (624.1) (--) (338.9) -- Headwater ...... 527.5 375.8 -- 186.0 ------527.5 -- 299.9 -- Backwater...... 96.6 51.6 -- 51.6 ------96.6 -- 39.0 -- Total Tributary Levees in MR&T Project ...... 949.2 730.5 -- 540.7 -- 8.3 -- 8.3 -- 918.4 -- 633.2 --

GRAND TOTAL ...... 1,554.2 1,335.5 12.6 988.8 35.1 342.2 -- 297.2 -- 1,518.1 -- 1,074.5 35.1

41

-

86 1. Landside seepage berms only.

2. Levee that has adequate freeboard based on the refined 1973 MR&T project flood flow line for the Mississippi River. Levees with more than 2 feet of freeboard are considered adequate. 3. Subject to change as planning progresses. Does not include existing berms which need restudy. 4. Includes 1.4 miles of concrete floodwall and 0.3 mile of levee on Vicksburg city front. 5. Includes 5.3 miles for Gillett new levee. 6. Relief wells used in place of berms. 7. Changed to correct previous error. 8. Surfaced roads on levees are defined as gravel or better.

TABLE 41-M PROJECT LEVEES: MEMPHIS DISTRICT (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

Levees and Floodwalls (Miles) Built to Approved Berm5 Surfaced Roads on Levees Grade and Section (Miles) (Miles) Total Total Cur- In Com- Cur- In Com- Cur-

in Total rently System plete rently System plete rently Authorized Place Thru Under When Built Thru Under When Built Thru Under for This This This Con- Com- This This Con- Com- This This Con- Location System FY FY FY struction pleted FY FY struction pleted FY FY struction

MAIN STEM LEVEES Mississippi River RIVERCOMMISSION MISSISSIPPI Mounds, IL ...... 3.9 3.9 -- 3.9 -- 0.5 -- 0.5 -- 3.6 -- 3.6 -- Mound City, IL ...... 2.7 2.7 -- 2.7 -- 2.5 -- 2.5 -- 1.1 -- 1.1 -- Cairo Drainage District, IL ...... 13.82 13.8 -- 7.8 -- 1.6 ------8.5 -- 8.5 -- City of Cairo, IL ...... 6.2 6.2 -- 2.24 -- 4.4 -- 2.0 -- 4.0 -- 3.5 -- Little River Drainage District, MO ...... 19.3 19.3 -- 19.3 -- 9.7 -- 6.3 -- 19.3 -- 19.3 --

41 Levee District No. 2, Scott

- County, MO ...... 13.8 13.8 -- 13.8 -- 4.8 -- 4.8 -- 13.8 -- 13.8 --

87 Levee District No. 3, Mississippi County, MO ...... 26.0 26.0 -- 26.0 -- 12.9 -- 4.9 -- 26.0 -- 26.0 -- St. Johns Levee and Drainage District, MO ...... 59.03 58.7 -- 58.2 -- 9.2 ------46.9 -- 46.1 -- St. Francis Levee District of MO ...... 55.7 55.7 -- 48.74 -- 23.0 -- 12.0 -- 55.1 -- 55.1 -- City of Hickman, KY ...... 1.4 1.4 -- 1.4 ------0.5 ------Board of Levee Commissioners Fulton, County, KY ...... 16.7 16.7 -- 16.7 -- 15.1 -- 11.4 -- 16.3 -- 16.3 -- Reelfoot Levee District of Lake and Obion Counties, TN ...... 4.5 4.5 -- 4.5 -- 0.6 -- 0.3 -- 4.5 -- 4.3 -- Madrid Bend Levee District, Lake Co., TN ...... 5.2 5.2 -- 5.2 ------5.2 -- 5.2 -- Lake County Levee and Drainage District, TN ...... 17.0 17.0 -- 17.0 -- 9.6 -- 9.4 -- 17.0 -- 17.0 -- Dyer County Levee and Drainage District No. 1, TN ...... 21.3 21.3 -- 21.3 -- 1.3 -- 0.4 -- 21.3 -- 21.3 -- Tipton-Obion levee extension ...... 6.5 ------6.5 ------St. Francis Levee District of AR ...... 156.7 156.7 -- 153.2 -- 90.7 -- 89.9 -- 156.7 -- 156.7 -- Helena Improvement District No. 1, AR ...... 5.3 5.3 -- 5.3 -- 2.4 -- 2.4 -- 4.7 -- 4.2 -- Cotton Belt Levee District No. 1, AR...... 23.9 23.9 -- 23.9 -- 19.4 -- 19.4 -- 23.9 -- 23.9 --

TABLE 41-M PROJECT LEVEES: MEMPHIS DISTRICT (Continued) (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

REPORT OF SECRETARY THE OF THE ARMYCIVILON WORKS FY FOR ACTIVITIES 2010 Levees and Floodwalls (Miles) Built to Approved Berm5 Surfaced Roads on Levees Grade and Section (Miles) (Miles) Total Total Cur- In Com- Cur- In Com- Cur-

in Total rently System plete rently System plete rently Authorized Place Thru Under When Built Thru Under When Built Thru Under for This This This Con- Com- This This Con- Com- This This Con- Location System FY FY FY struction pleted FY FY struction pleted FY FY struction

Laconia Drainage and Levee District Phillips County, AR ...... 20.5 20.5 -- 20.5 -- 11.5 -- 11.5 -- 20.5 -- 20.5 -- Laconia Levee District No. 1 of Deshna County, AR ...... 18.1 18.1 -- 18.1 -- 12.6 -- 9.2 -- 16.5 -- 16.5 -- Laconia Circle Special Drainage District of Deshna County, AR ...... 6.6 6.6 -- 6.6 ------Yazoo-Mississippi Delta Levee

41 District, MS ...... 93.6 93.6 -- 93.6 -- 88.6 -- 88.6 -- 93.6 -- 93.6 --

- Madrid Bend L.D., Fulton Co.,

88 KY ...... 4.8 4.8 -- 4.8 ------4.8 -- 4.8 -- Birds Point-New Madrid setback levee, MO ...... 35.3 35.3 -- 35.3 -- 23.8 ------35.3 -- 35.3 -- Total Mississippi River ...... 637.8 631.0 -- 607.5 -- 344.2 -- 275.5 -- 605.6 -- 596.6 -- TOTAL MAIN STEM LEVEES...... 637.8 631.0 -- 607.5 -- 344.2 -- 275.5 -- 605.6 -- 596.6 --

TRIBUTARY LEVEES IN MR&T PROJECT St. Francis River ...... (308.2) (302.9) -- (302.9) ------(301.0) -- (133.5) -- East bank ...... 159.5 156.2 -- 156.2 ------156.7 -- 94.7 -- West bank ...... 148.7 146.7 -- 146.7 ------144.3 -- 38.8 -- Little River ...... (130.1) (130.1) -- (130.1) ------(128.9) -- (94.5) -- East bank (left) ...... 40.7 40.7 -- 40.7 ------40.7 -- 40.1 -- West bank ...... 35.1 35.1 -- 35.1 ------35.1 -- 23.7 -- Elk Chute...... 39.9 39.9 -- 39.9 ------39.7 -- 17.3 -- West Basin and middle valley ...... 14.4 14.4 -- 14.4 ------13.4 -- 13.4 -- Lower White River ...... (95.6) (85.9) -- (84.1) ------(94.0) (--) (81.0) -- White River backwater levee ...... 40.2 40.2 -- 40.2 ------38.8 -- 38.8 -- Augusta to Clarendon ...... 49.2 39.5 -- 39.5 ------49.2 -- 36.2 -- Clarendon levee ...... 6.2 6.2 -- 4.4 ------6.0 -- 6.0 --

TABLE 41-M PROJECT LEVEES: MEMPHIS DISTRICT (Continued) (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

Levees and Floodwalls (Miles) Built to Approved Berm5 Surfaced Roads on Levees Grade and Section (Miles) (Miles) Total Total Cur- In Com- Cur- In Com- Cur- in Total rently System plete rently System plete rently Authorized Place Thru Under When Built Thru Under When Built Thru Under for This This This Con- Com- This This Con- Com- This This Con- Location System FY FY FY struction pleted FY FY struction pleted FY FY struction

Memphis Harbor ...... 10.5 10.5 -- 10.5 -- 7.0 -- 7.0 -- 10.5 -- 10.5 -- Total Tributary Levees in RIVERCOMMISSION MISSISSIPPI MR&T Project ...... 544.4 529.4 -- 527.6 -- 7.0 -- 7.0 -- 534.4 -- 319.5 --

GRAND TOTAL ...... 1,182.2 1,160.4 -- 1,135.0 -- 351.2 -- 282.5 -- 1,140.0 -- 916.1 --

1. Subject to change as planning progresses. 2. Includes 5.1 miles of Cache River levee. This levee was enlarged to 1928 grades with Federal funds, but since that time has been classified as a secondary levee.

41 3. Includes 12.1 miles of Farrenburg levee. This levee was enlarged to 1928 grades with Federal funds, but since that time has been classified as a secondary levee.

-

89 4. Deficient in freeboard as a result of 1996 Revised Project Design Flood flowline. 5. Landside seepage berms only.

6. Changed to correct previous error.

TABLE 41-N RECAPITULATION PROJECT LEVEE TABLES 41-K, -L, AND -M

(FISCAL YEAR 2010) REPORT OF SECRETARY THE OF THE ARMYCIVILON WORKS FY FOR ACTIVITIES 2010

Levees and Floodwalls (Miles) Built to Approved Berm5 Surfaced Roads on Levees Grade and Section (Miles) (Miles) Total Total Cur- In Com- Cur- In Com- Cur-

in Total rently System plete rently System plete rently Authorized Place Thru Under When Built Thru Under When Built Thru Under for This This This Con- Com- This This Con- Com- This This Con- Location System FY FY FY struction pleted FY FY struction pleted FY FY struction

MAIN STEM LEVEES Mississippi River New Orleans District, Table 41-K ...... 511.6 511.6 -- 335.7 -- 1.2 -- 1.1 -- 479.6 -- 479.6 -- Vicksburg District, Table 41-L ...... 460.4 460.4 -- 303.4 35.1 309.2 -- 264.2 -- 456.4 -- 301.1 35.1 Memphis District, Table 41-M...... 637.8 631.0 -- 607.5 -- 344.2 -- 275.5 -- 605.6 -- 596.6 -- Total Mississippi River ...... 1,609.8 1,603.0 -- 1,246.6 35.1 654.6 -- 540.8 -- 1,541.6 -- 1,377.3 35.1

41 Other Levees Included in Main

- 90 Stem

Atchafalaya Basin Floodway-- NOD ...... 449.2 449.2 -- 416.0 ------447.5 -- 428.2 -- Louisiana State Pen Levee-- NOD ...... 12.1 12.1 -- 12.1 ------Lower Red River-South Bank-- VXD ...... 59.2 59.2 -- 59.2 ------59.2 -- 59.2 -- Arkansas River-South Bank-- VXD ...... 85.4 85.4 -- 85.4 -- 24.7 -- 24.7 -- 84.1 -- 81.1 -- Total Other Levees Included in Main Stem ...... 605.9 605.9 -- 572.7 -- 24.7 -- 24.7 -- 590.8 -- 568.5 -- Total Main Stem Levees ...... 2,215.7 2,199.5 -- 1,819.3 35.1 679.3 -- 565.5 -- 2,132.4 -- 1,945.8 35.1

TRIBUTARY LEVEES IN MR&T PROJECT -- 17.4 -- Lake Pontchartrain, LA,--NOD ...... 17.4 17.4 -- 237.6 ------17.4 -- 17.4 -- Yazoo River Basin—VXD ...... 624.1 427.4 ------624.1 -- 338.9 -- Arkansas River-North Bank-- -- 56.2 -- VXD ...... 61.5 56.2 -- 246.94 -- 8.3 -- 8.3 -- 47.4 -- 47.4 -- Red River Backwater—VXD ...... 263.6 246.9 -- 302.9 ------246.94 -- 246.94 -- St. Francis River—MD ...... 308.2 302.9 ------301.0 -- 133.5 --

TABLE 41-N RECAPITULATION (Continued) PROJECT LEVEE TABLES 41-K, -L, AND -M (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

Levees and Floodwalls (Miles) Built to Approved Berm5 Surfaced Roads on Levees Grade and Section (Miles) (Miles) Total Total Cur- In Com- Cur- In Com- Cur-

in Total rently System plete rently System plete rently Authorized Place Thru Under When Built Thru Under When Built Thru Under for This This This Con- Com- This This Con- Com- This This Con- Location System FY FY FY struction pleted FY FY struction pleted FY FY struction

RIVERCOMMISSION MISSISSIPPI Little River--MD ...... 130.1 130.1 -- 130.1 ------128.9 -- 94.5 -- Lower White River—MD ...... 95.6 85.9 -- 84.1 ------94.0 -- 81.0 -- Memphis Harbor--MD...... 10.5 10.5 -- 10.5 -- 7.0 -- 7.0 -- 10.5 -- 10.5 -- Total Tributary Levees in MR&T Project ...... 1,511.0 1,277.3 -- 1,085.7 -- 15.3 -- 15.3 -- 1,470.2 -- 970.1 --

Grand Total in Project ...... 3,726.7 3,476.8 3.1 2,905.0 35.1 694.6 -- 580.8 -- 3,596.3 0 2,895.8 38.2

41

- 91

1. Landside seepage berms only. 2. Subject to change as planning progresses. 3. 1996 Revised Project Design Flood flowline identified freeboard deficiencies. 4. Changed to correct previous error. 5. Relief wells have been used in lieu of seepage berms in some reaches of the Miss. River Levees.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

TABLE 41-O CHANNEL IMPROVEMENTS: NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

Total In Complete System Built Thru Currently Year When This This Percent Under Location Initiated Completed FY FY Complete Construction (Miles)

Bayou des Glaises diversion channel 1938 6.0 -- 6.0 100 -- Bayous Rapides, Boeuf, and Cocodrie 1946 92.6 -- 63.4 75 -- Charenton drainage and navigation canal 1939 6.3 -- 6.3 100 -- Wax Lake Outlet 1938 15.7 -- 15.7 100 -- Atchafalaya Basin Floodway 1933 244.2 -- 186.4 76 -- Morganza Floodway 1941 3.3 -- 3.3 100 -- Old River outflow channel 1956 8.3 -- 8.3 100 -- Old River inflow channel 1960 2.3 -- 2.3 100 -- Old River lock approach channels 1961 2.2 -- 2.2 100 -- Baton Rouge Harbor (Devils Swamp) 1958 2.5 -- 2.5 100 -- Teche-Vermilion Water Supply 1977 6.3 -- 6.3 100 -- Old River Auxiliary Control Structure inflow channel 1986 1.9 -- 1.9 100 -- Old River Auxiliary Control Structure outflow channel 1988 0.9 -- 0.9 100 -- Caernarvon Freshwater Diversion channel 1988 1.7 -- 1.7 100 --

41-92 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

TABLE 41-P CHANNEL IMPROVEMENTS: VICKSBURG DISTRICT (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

Total In Complete System Built Thru Currently Year When This This Percent Under Location Initiated Completed FY FY Complete Construction (Miles)

BIG SUNFLOWER RIVER, ETC., MS Big Sunflower River ...... 1947 199.1 -- 199.1 100 -- Quiver River ...... 1947 69.6 -- 69.6 100 -- Deer Creek ...... 1947 7.0 -- 7.0 100 -- Steele Bayou ...... 1947 54.9 -- 54.9 100 -- Steele Bayou1 ...... 1965 71.2 -- 71.2 100 -- Main Canal ...... 1959 21.1 -- 21.1 100 -- Main Canal2 ...... 1993 26.7 -- 26.7 100 -- Black Bayou ...... 1992 36.5 -- 36.5 100 -- Big Sunflower River tributaries ...... 1957 227.2 -- 227.2 100 -- Quiver River tributaries ...... 1960 35.4 -- 35.4 100 --

YAZOO BACKWATER Yazoo Backwater ...... 1960 39.9 -- 39.9 100 --

YAZOO BASIN HEADWATER, MS Upper Yazoo Projects ...... 1976 197.2 11.2 138.0 70 10.8 Coldwater River ...... 1941 54.6 -- 54.6 100 -- Arkabutla Canal ...... 1948 0.4 -- 0.4 100 -- Tallahatchie Canal...... 1940 74.8 -- 73.5 98 -- Little Tallahatchie River and Panola-Quitman Floodway ...... 1939 48.0 -- 48.0 100 -- Greenwood protection works ...... 1971 2.9 -- 2.9 100 -- Yacona River...... 1952 1.8 -- 1.8 100 -- Bobo Bayou ...... 1944 16.1 -- 16.1 100 -- Cassidy Bayou ...... 1934 69.0 -- 69.0 100 -- Cassidy Bayou3 ...... -- 26.0 ------Bear Creek Diversion...... -- 4.8 ------Lake Cormorant ...... -- 20.9 ------Hurricane Bayou ...... -- 2.5 ------Opossum Bayou ...... -- 20.8 ------Abaica Creek ...... -- 7.7 ------Chicopa Creek ...... -- 7.0 ------Bear Creek ...... -- 23.3 ------Rocky Bayou ...... -- 7.8 ------Whiteoak Bayou ...... -- 55.9 ------Miscellaneous ditches ...... -- 12.3 ------Yalobusha River ...... 1939 46.0 -- 46.0 100 -- Yazoo River ...... 1940 160.2 -- 160.2 100 -- Whittington Auxiliary Channel ...... 1956 30.8 -- 30.8 100 -- Tchula Lake ...... 1964 26.4 -- 26.4 100 -- David-Burrell Bayou...... 1957 40.4 -- 40.4 100 -- McKinney Bayou ...... 1960 3.5 -- 3.5 100 --

41-93 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

TABLE 41-P CHANNEL IMPROVEMENTS: (Continued) VICKSBURG DISTRICT (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

Total In Complete System Built Thru Currently Year When This This Percent Under Location Initiated Completed FY FY Complete Construction (Miles)

YAZOO BASIN HEADWATER, MS (Continued) Hillside Floodway ...... 1964 11.0 -- 11.0 100 -- Yazoo City protection works ...... 1953 1.6 -- 1.6 100 -- Ascalmore-Tippo Bayous ...... 1975 30.2 -- 15.1 50 -- Alligator-Catfish Bayou ...... 1973 8.3 -- 8.3 100 -- Pelucia Creek ...... 1975 11.7 -- 11.7 100 -- BOEUF & TENSAS RIVERS, ETC., LA AND AR Bayou Lafourche ...... 1949 45.3 -- 45.3 100 -- Bayou Lafourche4,7 ...... 1972 43.0 -- 4.4 10 -- Big & Colewa Creeks ...... 1947 81.4 -- 81.4 100 -- Big & Colewa Creeks5,7 ...... 1965 86.8 -- 51.5 60 -- Tensas River...... 1947 96.5 -- 96.5 100 -- Tensas River6 ...... 1968 165.0 -- 61.0 37 -- Boeuf River, AR and LA...... 1953 103.9 -- 103.9 100 -- Fleschmans Bayou, AR ...... 1963 6.6 -- 6.6 100 -- Caney Bayou, AR ...... 1964 7.4 -- 7.4 100 -- Canal 18, AR ...... 1963 10.3 -- 10.3 100 -- Big Bayou, AR ...... 1952 33.3 -- 33.3 100 -- Black Pond Slough, AR ...... 1962 14.3 -- 14.3 100 -- Bayou Macon, AR and LA...... 1959 150.8 -- 150.8 100 -- Rush Bayou, AR ...... 1964 6.7 -- 6.7 100 -- Canal 19, AR ...... 1957 50.2 -- 50.2 100 -- Canal 43, AR ...... 1956 34.5 -- 34.5 100 -- Canal 81, AR ...... 1957 32.7 -- 32.7 100 -- Mill Bayou-Bayou Vidal-Bayou Vidal Cutoff ...... -- 17.1 ------Kirsch Lake Canal ...... -- 9.3 ------Canal 19 Extension ...... 1964 9.4 -- 9.4 100 -- Lake Chicot Pumping Plant ...... -- 2.5 -- 2.5 100 -- Mill Bayou ...... 1955 4.8 -- 4.8 100 -- RED RIVER BACKWATER, LA Tensas-Cocodrie Pumping Plant ...... 1976 6.9 -- 6.9 100 -- Six Mile Bayou, LA ...... -- 1.5 -- 1.5 100 --

1. Includes further work on 54.9 miles and adds 16.3 miles of channel to the project. 2. Includes further work on 21.1 miles and adds 1.1 miles of channel to the project. 3. Includes further work on 26.0 miles. 4. Includes further work on 38.6 miles and adds 4.4 miles of channel to the project. 5. Includes further work on 75.3 miles and adds 11.5 miles of channel to the project. 6. Includes further work on 96.5 miles and adds 68.5 additional miles of channel to the project. 7. Further work on these items has been deferred due to local oppositions and withdrawal of sponsorship by the levee district.

41-94 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

TABLE 41-Q CHANNEL IMPROVEMENTS: MEMPHIS DISTRICT (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

Total In Complete System Built Thru Currently Year When This This Percent Under Location Initiated Completed FY FY Complete Construction (Miles)

BIRDS POINT-NEW MADRID FLOODWAY Birds Point-New Madrid Intercepting Ditch Enlargement, Samos and Vicinity, MO ...... 1952 9.6 -- 9.6 100 --

ST. FRANCIS BASIN Little River Drainage, MO ...... 1963 298.9 -- 298.9 100 -- St. Francis River, MO and AR ...... 1953 658.0 -- 597.9 91 -- West Memphis Drainage, AR ...... 1951 19.8 -- 19.8 100 -- Big Slough and Mayo Ditch, AR ...... 1960 28.0 -- 28.0 100 -- Tyronza River, AR ...... 1939 12.7 -- 12.7 100 -- Ten and Fifteen Mile Bayou, AR ...... 2003 34.5 5.6 11.1 32 4.0 L’Anguille River, AR ...... (1) 95.0 ------

LOWER WHITE RIVER BASIN, AR Cache River Basin, AR ...... 1972 231.5 -- 7.2 3 -- Big Creek and tributaries, AR ...... (1) 103.8 ------

WEST KENTUCKY TRIBUTARIES Obion Creek, KY ...... (1) 41.7 ------

WEST TENNESSEE TRIBUTARIES MS River, Western TN tributaries (Backwater Areas) (1946 Act) ...... 1952 34.3 -- 34.3 100 -- Obion River Diversion Channel, TN (1946 Act) ...... (1) 9.3 ------Reelfoot Lake-Lake No. 9, KY and TN ...... 1974 15.8 -- 3.0 19 -- Running Reelfoot Bayou, TN ...... 1955 19.7 -- 19.7 100 -- MS River Below Cape Girardeau: West TN tributaries (1948 Act) ...... 1961 225.0 -- 93.0 41 -- Wolf River and tributaries, TN...... 1960 24.7 -- 24.7 100 --

NONCONNAH CREEK, MS AND TN Nonconnah Creek, MS and TN ...... 1990 18.2 -- 1.26 7 --

HELENA HARBOR, PHILLIPS COUNTY, AR Helena Harbor, AR(2) ...... 1989 2.25 -- 2.25 100 --

1. Not started. 2. Data for Stage 1 only.

41-95 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

TABLE 41-R PUMPING STATIONS: NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

Rehabilitation Status (If Applicable) Percent Percent Complete Year Complete Year Authorized Thru Complete Thru Complete Size This (Schedule/ Year This (Schedule/ Name (CFS) FY Actual) Initiated FY Actual)

Bayou Yokely 489 100 1955 1990 100 1991(A) Bayou Yokely Enlargement 568 100 1963 1990 100 1991(A) Centerville 332 100 1964 1991 100 1992(A) Ellerslie 136 100 1953 ------Franklin 144 100 1958 1992 100 1993(A) Franklin Enlargement 144 100 1978 1992 100 1993(A) Gordy 238 100 1964 ------Maryland 136 100 1957 1991 100 1992(A) North Bend 52 100 1962 ------Tiger Island 75 100 1955 ------Wax Lake East 1,008 100 1961 1990 100 1992(A) Wax Lake West 496 100 1965 1990 100 1992(A) Teche Vermilion 1,300 100 1982 ------Pointe Coupee 1,500 100 1983 ------David Pond 570 100 2000 ------

TOTAL 6,618

41-96 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

TABLE 41-S PUMPING STATIONS: VICKSBURG DISTRICT (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

Rehabilitation Status (If Applicable) Percent Percent Complete Year Complete Year Authorized Thru Complete Thru Complete Size This (Schedule/ Year This (Schedule/ Name (CFS) FY Actual) Initiated FY Actual)

Chauvin Bayou, LA 250 100 1994 1991 100 Bawcomville 270 100 1955 1992 100 1993 Jonesville 180 100 1952 ------Natchez Port 100 ------Wilson Point 50 ------Greenwood - Lee Street 90 100 1953 1952 -- -- Greenwood - Wilson Street 67 100 1953 1952 -- -- Greenwood - Walker Lake 675 100 1949 1952 -- -- Yazoo City 540 100 1954 1957 -- -- Columbia 45 100 1939 ------Calion 200 100 1959 ------McKinney Bayou, MS 250 100 1962 1961 -- -- Lake Chicot 6,500 100 1987 ------Tensas Cocodrie 4,000 100 1986 ------Yazoo Backwater 10,000 ------Natchez Area 300 ------Bushley Bayou 300 -- Indef1 ------Bushley Bayou 20 -- Indef1 ------Sicily-HAHA Bayou 750 100 2000 ------Sicily - Fool River 300 100 2000 ------Pelucia Creek - Rising Sun #1 10 100 1992 ------Pelucia Creek - Rising Sun #2 15 100 1992 ------Pelucia Creek Pump 75 100 1993 ------Below Red River 500 -- Indef1 ------Bayou Rapides 222 100 1936 ------Ouachita Parish, River Styx Bayou, LA 500 100 2000 ------

Total 25,709

1 This project has been placed in the inactive category.

41-97 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

TABLE 41-T PUMPING STATIONS: MEMPHIS DISTRICT (FISCAL YEAR 2010)

Rehabilitation Status (If Applicable) Percent Percent Complete Year Complete Year Authorized Thru Complete Thru Complete Size This (Schedule/ Year This (Schedule/ Name (CFS) FY Actual) Initiated FY Actual)

Devalls Bluff 215 100 1949 1987 100 1989 Des Arc, Ark. 30 100 1954 ------Ensley 900 100 1966 ------DD #17, Station #1 375 100 1 ------Huxtable Pumping Plant 12,000 100 1977 ------Graham Burke 1,500 100 1964 ------Finley Street 100 100 1978 ------Dyersburg 26 100 1961 ------Cotton Slough 50 100 1964 ------West Hickman 190 100 1976 ------Cypress Creek 3,000 100 1944 ------Fairfax 53.5 100 1950 ------Goose Pond 110 100 1976 ------Marble Bayou 220 100 1952 ------Workhouse Bayou 520 100 1950 ------Nonconnah 1,620 100 1944 ------L&DD #3 Peafield 400 100 1 ------Treasure Island 150 100 1976 ------Lake No. 9 500 100 1981 ------Cairo 10th Street 65 100 1981 ------Cairo 28th Street 65 100 1981 ------DD #17, Station #2 700 100 1981 ------Drinkwater Sewer 150 100 1979 ------May Street 5 100 1948 ------Cairo 22nd Street 37 100 1 ------Gayoso Bayou 1,500 100 1915 ------Mud Lake 200 ------Madison 25 ------Cache River 200 ------New Madrid2 1,500 0 2009 ------St. Johns Bayou 1,000 ------Drinkwater #2 150 100 2001 ------Devalls Bluff3 1,630 0 --

TOTAL 29,186.5

1. Unknown constructed by local interest. 2. New Madrid Closure Levee and Pump Station Contract Award September 2004. 3. Devalls Bluff Pump Station Contract Award June 2010.

41-98 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

TABLE 41-U COSTS DURING FISCAL YEAR 2010 1/

Item Construction Maintenance Other

FEDERAL FUNDS

Flood Control, Mississippi River and Tributaries:

St. Louis District: St. Francis Basin-Wappapello Lake -- 5,228,207 --

Subtotal -- 5, 228,207 --

Memphis District: Bayou Meto Basin, AR -- -- 1,338,775 Channel improvement 8,769,481 21,253,943 -- Eastern Arkansas Region (Comp) 4,569,784 -- -- Francis Bland Floodway Ditch (Eight Mile) 2, 251 -- -- Helena and Vicinity ------Helena Harbor, Phillips County -- 326,195 -- Hickman Bluff -- 46,610 -- Inspection of Completed Works -- 849,330 -- Mapping -- 529,404 -- Memphis Harbor (McKeller Lake) -- 1,596,549 -- Memphis Metro Area, Storm Water Mgmt -- -- 20,846 Millington and Vicinity, TN ------Mississippi River Levees 13,458,584 8,157,217 -- St. Francis River & Tributaries, AR 4,083,908 9,007,630 -- St. Johns Bayou & New Madrid 1,211,931 -- -- Survey Gages & Observ -- -- 242,931 West Tennessee Tributaries 296,574 -- -- White River Backwater -- 1,403,529 -- Whiteman’s creek, AR 487 -- -- Wolf River 12,095 -- -- Subtotal 32,405,095 43,170,407 1,602,552

Vicksburg District: Arkabutla Lake ------Backwater Less Rocky Bayou ------Big Sunflower River ------Big Sunflower Watershed, Quiver River -- -- 189,210 Boeuf-Tensas Less Tensas River -- 2,547,200 -- Channel Improvement 7,215,920 16,250,522 -- Coldwater Below Arkabutla Lake, MS -- -- 296,623 Demonstration Erosion ------Enid Lake ------Greenwood Less Greenwood Protection -- 925,214 -- Greenville Harbor -- 516,009 -- Grenada Lake -- 7,129,216 -- Inspection of Completed Works -- 677,956 -- Lower Arkansas – South Bank -- 163,966 -- Lower Arkansas River – North Bank, AR -- 227,747 -- Lower Red River--South Bank Red River Levee -- 107,317 -- Main Stem ------Mapping -- 386,273 --

41-99 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

TABLE 41-U COSTS DURING FISCAL YEAR 2010 1/ (Continued)

Item Construction Maintenance Other

Vicksburg District: (Continued) Mississippi River levees 24,363,844 3,077,685 -- Reformulation Unit ------Sardis Lake -- 8,686,784 -- SE Ark Feasibility -- -- 387,900 Spring Bayou, LA -- -- 133,794 Survey Gages & Observ -- -- 1,575,777 Tensas Basin, Red River Backwater -- 3,459,811 -- Vicksburg Harbor -- 519,042 -- Yazoo City Tributares 39,829,289 20,309,222 -- Subtotal 71,409,053 64,983,964 2,583,304

New Orleans District: Alexandria, LA to the Gulf (Rapides) -- -- 21,248 Atchafalaya Basin 6,947,005 11,846,293 -- Atchafalaya Basin Floodway System 2,064,712 2,738,365 -- B. R. Harbor Devil Swamp ------Bayou Cocodrie and Tributaries -- 51,860 -- Bonnet Carre Spillway -- 3,347,996 -- Channel Improvement 10,422,918 16,271,323 -- Donaldsonville, LA -- -- 2,198 Inspection of Completed Works -- 1,306,719 -- Louisiana Penitentiary Levees ------Mapping -- 339,055 -- Mississippi Delta Region 3,777,252 152, 186 -- Mississippi River Levees 4,115,143 1,807,169 -- Morganza, LA, to Gulf of Mexico -- -- 3,163,520 Surv Gages & Observ -- - 114,908 Old River -- 9,683,838 -- Subtotal 27,327,030 47,544,804 3,301,874

Total Federal Funds 131,141,178 160,927,382 7,487,730

CONTRIBUTED FUNDS: Memphis District Francis Bland Floodway Ditch -- 21,585 -- St. Johns Bayou/New Madrid Floodway -- 102,628 -- Bayou Meto Basin, AR -- -- 84,967 Subtotal -- 124,213 84,967

41-100 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

TABLE 41-U COSTS DURING FISCAL YEAR 2010 1/ (Continued)

Item Construction Maintenance Other

CONTRIBUTED FUNDS: (Continued) Vicksburg District Coldwater River Below Arkabutla – Comp Feas. -- -- 20,720 Southeast Arkansas Feasibility – Comp Feas. -- -- 127,586 Spring Bayou, LA -- -- 2,069 Subtotal -- -- 150,375

New Orleans District: Alexandria, LA to the Gulf -- -- 254,005 Atchafalaya Basin Floodway System -- 659,273 -- Donaldsonville -- -- 754,188 Morganza, LA, to Gulf of Mexico -- -- 1,008,415 Port of Iberia ------Subtotal -- 659,273 2,016,608

Total Contributed Funds 0 783,486 2,251,950

Grand Total, Federal and Contributed Funds 131,141,178 161,710,868 9,739,680

1/ Excludes Supplemental and ARRA costs.

41-101 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

TABLE 41-V STATEMENT OF ALLOTMENTS AND ACCRUED EXPENDITURES FOR FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES, FROM MAY 15, 1928, THROUGH SEP. 30, 2010

Unexpended Accrued Balance District or Installation and Class of Work Allotments Expenditures Sep. 30, 2010

ALLOTMENTS AND ACCRUED EXPENDITURES CHARGEABLE AGAINST FLOOD CONTROL ACT LIMITATIONS:

COMPLETED WORKS:

Waterways Experiment Station 874,000 874,000 -- Office, Chief of Engineers 19,158 19,158 -- Rock Island District: S. G. & O. prior to Aug. 18, 1941 14,010 14,010 -- St. Louis District: S. G. & O. prior to Aug. 18, 1941 169,352 169,352 --

Subtotal 1,076,520 1,076,520 --

Memphis District: Des Arc, AR 178,925 178,925 -- Contraction works 8,692,791 8,692,791 -- DeValls Bluff, AR 231,215 231,215 -- Mapping 1,450,337 1,450,337 -- Memphis Harbor 18,736,432 18,736,432 -- New Madrid Floodway 6,521,543 6,521,543 -- Wolf River and Tributaries 1,723,620 1,723,620 -- Roads on levees (Mississippi River levees) 12,426 12,426 -- S. G. & O. prior to Aug. 18, 1941 1,998,766 1,998,766 --

Subtotal 39,546,055 39,546,055 --

Vicksburg District: Boeuf Basin levees 2,764,605 2,764,605 -- Channel realignment, Arkansas River 125,074 125,074 -- Contraction works 1,972,183 1,972,183 -- Eudora Floodway 826,235 826,235 -- Vicksburg Harbor 4,664,515 4,664,515 -- Greenville Harbor 2,864,516 2,864,516 -- Grants Canal (Mississippi River levees) 7,070 7,070 -- Mapping 1,531,021 1,531,021 -- Jonesville, LA 172,950 172,950 -- Tensas National Wildlife Refuge, LA 3,980,000 3,980,000 -- Roads on levees 105,660 105,660 -- S. G. & O. prior to Aug. 18, 1941 2,350,201 2,350,201 --

Subtotal 21,364,030 21,364,030

41-102 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

TABLE 41-V STATEMENT OF ALLOTMENTS AND (Continued) ACCRUED EXPENDITURES FOR FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES, FROM MAY 15, 1928, THROUGH SEP. 30, 2010

Unexpended Accrued Balance District or Installation and Class of Work Allotments Expenditures Sep. 30, 2010

New Orleans District: Baton Rouge Harbor, LA 699,185 699,185 -- Atchafalaya River and Basin, LA 3,375,492 3,375,492 -- Bonnet Carre - Spillway, LA 14,212,198 14,212,198 -- Contraction works 1,258,916 1,258,916 -- Mapping 1,112,967 1,112,967 -- Roads on levees 540,838 540,838 -- S. G. & O. prior to Aug. 18, 1941 2,701,566 2,701,566 -- Wax Lake Outlet and Charenton Canal 10,098,817 10,098,817 -- Morganza Floodway and structure 35,992,117 35,992,117 -- Lake Pontchartrain 5,513,110 5,513,110 -- Teche Vermilion Basin Water Supply 34,506,000 34,506,000 -- Old River 292,274,000 292,274,000 -- Atchafalaya Basin, rights-of-way and flowage, Bayou des Glaises setback 387,917 387,917 --

Subtotal 402,673,123 402,673,123 --

All other completed items: Surveys under Sec. 10, Flood Control Act of 1928 4,995,215 4,995,215 -- Impounded savings 1,593,097 1,593,097 -- Plant transferred to revolving fund 24,924,578 24,924,578 -- OCE (portion of allotment transferred to Revolving fund, Washington Dist.) 19,882 19,882 --

Subtotal 31,532,772 31,532,772 --

TOTAL COMPLETED WORKS 496,192,500 496,192,500 --

UNCOMPLETED WORKS:

Rock Island District: Levees under Sec. 6, Flood Control Act of 1928 579,462 579,462 --

St. Louis District: Levees under Sec. 6, Flood Control Act of 1928 1,897,980 1,897,980 --

Subtotal 2,477,442 2,477,442 --

41-103 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

TABLE 41-V STATEMENT OF ALLOTMENTS AND (Continued) ACCRUED EXPENDITURES FOR FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES, FROM MAY 15, 1928, THROUGH SEP. 30, 2010

Unexpended Accrued Balance District or Installation and Class of Work Allotments Expenditures Sep. 30, 2010

Memphis District: Mississippi River Levees 379,350,601 362,648,004 16,702,597 New Madrid 98,000 98,000 -- Channel improvement: Revetments 524,203,306 521,154,269 3,049,037 Dredging 58,566,439 58,566,439 -- Dikes 327,146,942 316,944,174 10,202,768 Reelfoot Lake 439,434 439,434 -- Reelfoot Lake, Lake No. 9, TN-KY 7,896,000 7,896,000 -- St. Francis Basin: Wappapello Lake 9,019,908 9,019,908 -- St. Francis River and tributaries 365,418,412 356,866,003 8,552,409 Big Slough and Mayo Ditch 965,429 965,429 -- Little River Drainage 52,486,092 52,486,092 -- Lower White River: Clarendon Levee 652,115 652,115 -- Augusta to Clarendon, AR 1,788,846 1,788,846 -- White River backwater levee, AR 10,624,501 10,624,501 -- Horn Lake Creek & Tribs 2,290,100 2,290,100 -- Horn Lake Creek Modification, MS 826,200 878,902 -52,702 Hickman Bluff, KY 17,339,600 17,339,600 -- Memphis Harbor Ensley Berm 3,510,000 3,510,000 -- Nonconnah Creek, Flood Control Ext. 300,000 247,298 52,702 Nonconnah Creek Recreation Facility 16,910 16,910 -- Nonconnah Creek, TN & MS 17,541,399 17,417,339 124,060 Nonconnah Creek, Recreation Extension 36,000 36,000 -- West Memphis and Vicinity 571,000 571,000 -- Whiteman’s Creek, Ar 1,895,500 1,895, 497 3 Levees under Sec. 6, Flood Control Act of 1928 108,651 108,651 -- West Tennessee Tributaries 55,697,255 55,530,729 166, 526 Helena Harbor, Phillips County, AR 14,473,700 14,473,700 -- Helena & Vicinity, AR 7,635,478 7,553,808 81,670 Cache Basin, AR 10,850,000 10,849,291 709 West Kentucky Tributaries 1,440,000 1,440,000 -- Mud Lake Pumping Station, TN 100,000 100,000 -- L’Anguille River 237,432 237,432 --

41-104 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

TABLE 41-V STATEMENT OF ALLOTMENTS AND (Continued) ACCRUED EXPENDITURES FOR FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES, FROM MAY 15, 1928, THROUGH SEP. 30, 2010

Unexpended Accrued Balance District or Installation and Class of Work Allotments Expenditures Sep. 30, 2010

Memphis District Continued: Eight Mile Creek 3,896,000 3,895,161 839 St. Johns Bayou & New Madrid Floodway 15,597,847 13, 115,692 2,482,155 Eastern Arkansas Reg (Comp) 86,038, 661 62,685,646 23,353,015 St. Francis Bland Floodway Ditch (Eight Mile Creek) 11,435,789 11,435,748 41 Wolf River, Memphis, TN 7,811,000 7,521, 144 289,856 Bayou Meto Basin, AR 100,000 -- 100,000

Subtotal 1,998,404,547 1,933,298,862 65,105,685

Vicksburg District: Mississippi River Levees 586,132,977 533,461,170 52,671,807 Section 6 Levees 9,000 9,000 -- Lower Arkansas River: North Bank 7,049,414 7,049,414 -- South Bank 15,676,286 15,676,286 -- Tensas Basin: Lake Chicot Pumping Plant 95,639,986 95,639,986 -- Tensas River 41,505,235 41,505,235 -- Red River Backwater: Below Red River 639,400 639,400 -- Red River Backwater Levee, LA 137,605,254 137,604,792 462 Tensas Cocodrie pumping plant 56,071,200 56,071,200 -- Lower Red River South Bank Red River Levees 756,300 756,300 -- Channel improvement: Revetments 647,295,534 637,317,589 9,977,945 Dredging 23,919,516 23,919,516 -- Dikes 249,400,345 238,676,967 10,723,378 Levees under Sec. 6, Flood Control Act of 1928 958,175 958,175 -- Ouachita River Levees 400,000 400,000 --

41-105 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

TABLE 41-V STATEMENT OF ALLOTMENTS AND (Continued) ACCRUED EXPENDITURES FOR FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES, FROM MAY 15, 1928, THROUGH SEP. 30, 2010

Unexpended Accrued Balance District or Installation and Class of Work Allotments Expenditures Sep. 30, 2010

Vicksburg District (Continued): Yazoo Basin: Sardis Lake 26,502,400 26,502,400 -- Enid Lake 21,292,400 21,292,400 -- Arkabutla Lake 16,000,700 16,000,700 -- Grenada Lake 45,401,494 45,401,494 -- Greenwood 11,543,000 11,543,000 -- Belzoni 316,656 316,656 -- Yazoo City 5,296,611 3,948,188 1,348,423 Will M. Whittington auxiliary channel 10,950,966 10,950,966 -- Big Sunflower, etc. 117,190,592 115,616,406 1,574,186 Main Stem 34,829,248 34, 829, 143 105 Upper Yazoo Projects 286,656,146 275,664,425 10,991,721 Yazoo Basin--Tributaries Tributaries (Except Ascal-Tippo-Opossum Bayous) 107,519,582 107,519,582 -- Tributaries--Bank Stabilization 612,484 612,484 -- Ascalmore-Tippo-Opossum Bayous 23,977,200 23,977,200 -- Yazoo Basin Backwater Yazoo Backwater less Rocky Bayou 58,767,435 58,704,615 62,820 Rocky Bayou 3,401,500 3,401,500 -- Yazoo Backwater Pumping Plant 46,496,724 24,654,060 21,842,664 Muddy Bayou 5,145,200 5,145,200 -- Yazoo Backwater, F&WL Mitigation 6,415,500 6,415,500 -- Yazoo Basin Reformulation 43,371, 643 42,459,563 912,080 Streambank Erosion Control, Eval. and Demo. 14,767,000 14,767,000 -- Yazoo Basin, Demonstration Erosion Control 427,488,741 411,596,989 15,891,752 Dam Safety Assurances-Sardis Dam 23,235,000 23,235,000 --

Subtotal 3,200,236,844 3,074, 239,501 125,997,343

New Orleans District: Bayou Cocodrie and Tributaries 5,008,008 5,008,008 -- Miss. & LA Estuarine 4,636,591 4,634,585 2,006

41-106 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

TABLE 41-V STATEMENT OF ALLOTMENTS AND (Continued) ACCRUED EXPENDITURES FOR FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES, FROM MAY 15, 1928, THROUGH SEP. 30, 2010

Unexpended Accrued Balance District or Installation and Class of Work Allotments Expenditures Sep. 30, 2010

New Orleans District Continued: Channel Improvement: Dredging 35,945,266 35,945,266 -- Revetments 1,136,203,793 1,135,518,448 685,345 Louisiana Penitentiary Levee 18,104,502 18,082,938 21,564 Lower Red River (South Bank Levees) 18,056,600 18,056,600 -- Levees Under Sec. 6, Flood Control Act of 1928 200,680 200,680 -- Mississippi River Levees 415,097,524 403,920,261 11,177,263 Mississippi Delta Region 115,108,542 113,811,055 1,297,487 Atchafalaya Basin Floodway: Atchafalaya Basin 1,058,096,661 1,042,576,444 15,520,217 Atchafalaya River Navigation 303,463 303,463 -- Atchafalaya Basin Floodway System 128,221,814 125,940,093 2,281,721

Subtotal 2,934,983,444 2,903,997,841 30,985,603

FY 2006-2010 SUPPLEMENTAL FUNDS 276,539,000 199,793,701 76,745,299

AMERICAN RECOVERY AND REINVESTMENT ACT FUNDS (SEE TABLE 41-Y) 373,125,003 242,399,193 130,725,810

TOTAL UNCOMPLETED WORKS 8,785,766,280 8,356,206,540 429,559,740

ADVANCE ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 4,468,700 4,468,700 --

TOTAL COMPLETED WORKS, UNCOMPLETED WORKS AND ADVANCE ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 9,286,427,480 8,856,867,740 429,559,740

RECREATION FACILITIES--COMPLETED PROJECTS

Eight-Year Project Funds: St. Louis District: Wappapello Lake, MO 2,405,300 2,405,300 -- Wappapello Lake, MO, Rockwood Landing 203,286 203,286 --

Subtotal 2,608,586 2,608,586 --

41-107 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

TABLE 41-V STATEMENT OF ALLOTMENTS AND (Continued) ACCRUED EXPENDITURES FOR FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES, FROM MAY 15, 1928, THROUGH SEP. 30, 2010

Unexpended Accrued Balance District or Installation and Class of Work Allotments Expenditures Sep. 30, 2010

Vicksburg District: Sardis Lake 1,584,339 1,584,339 -- Enid Lake 2,268,209 2,268,209 -- Arkabutla Lake 2,189,280 2,189,280 -- Grenada Lake 1,631,281 1,631,281 --

Subtotal 7,673,109 7,673,109 --

Total Eight-Year Program Funds 10,281,695 10,281,695 --

Total chargeable against Flood Control Act Limitations Excluding Flood Control emergencies 9,296,709,175 8,867,149,435 429,559,740 Total Maintenance Since Jul. 18, 1941 5,075,311,669 5,018,347,148 56,964,521 Total Rehabilitation 31,113,000 31,113,000 -- Total Flood Control Emergencies 14,900,300 14,900,300 -- Total General Investigations 200,106,140 194,873,403 5,232,737

Total flood control, MR&T appropriations 14,618,140,284 14,126,383,286 491,756,998

Appropriations in addition to flood control, MR&T Other appropriations itemized in footnote (1), pp. 2068-69, Annual Report for 1953 32,068,909 32,068,909 --

Grand total appropriated to Sep. 30, 2010 14,650,209,193 14,158,452,195 491,756,998

NOTE: Preauthorization study costs chargeable to the MR&T authorization have been transferred to completed work. Costs not chargeable have been excluded from this report.

41-108 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

TABLE 41-W COST AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT

Total Project Funding FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 Sep. 30, 2010 Mississippi River and tributaries (Regular Funds) General

Investigations: Allotted 4,213,500 9,101,000 11,334,000 3,121,000 200,106,140 Cost 5,462,268 6,405,364 7,730,224 7,487,730 194,873,402 Construction (includes advance engineering and design): Allotted 197,731,500 153,772,000 195,806,000 165,580,200 8,507,219,488 Cost 141,085,489 143,108,626 169,927,954 135,609,879 8,285,231,995 Maintenance: Allotted 188,959,615 190,529,000 176,786,750 176,028,026 5,075,311,669 Cost 184,894,708 179,779,804 194,280,382 160,927,382 5,018,347,148 Rehabilitations: Allotted ------31,113,000 Cost ------31,113,000 Flood control emergencies (Maintenance): Allotted ------14,885,992 Cost ------14,885,992

(Supplemental Allotted 10,000,000 17,290,000 82,353,700 11,824,250 275,239,000 Funds) Cost 34,350,577 22,786,726 38,736,781 34,095-636 196,624,589 (ARRA Funds) Allotted -- -- 277,949,019 95,175,984 373,125,003 Cost -- -- 71,840,958 170,558,235 242,399,193

41-109 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

TABLE 41-X MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES ACTIVE GENERAL INVESTIGATIONS (96X3112)

FISCAL YEAR COST Item and CWIS Number Federal Non-Federal Total

SURVEYS (Category 110)

Flood Damage Prevention-Recon Study (113) Vicksburg District Coldwater Below Arkabutla Lake – 081356

Flood Damage Prevention – Feasibility Study (114) Memphis District Millington & Vicinity, TN – 081375

New Orleans District Alexandria, LA to the Gulf – 081308 21,248 254,005 275,253 Donaldsonville, LA – 013510 2,198 754,188 756,386

Special Feasibility Study (116)

Vicksburg District Spring Bayou, LA – 081338 133,794 2,069 135,863

Comprehensive Reconnaissance Study (117) Memphis District Memphis Metro Area, Storm Water Mgmt - 134715 20,846 -- 20,846 Vicksburg District Big Sunflower Watershed, Quiver River 189,210 -- 189,210

Comprehensive Feasibility Study (118) Vicksburg District Southeast Arkansas Feasibility (Comp Feasibility) – 012756 387,900 127,586 515,486 Coldwater Below Arkabutla Lake - 081356 296,623 20,720 317,343

COLLECTION AND STUDY OF BASIC DATA (Category 120)

Memphis District – Surveys, Gages & Observations – 81900 242,931 -- 242,931 Vicksburg District - Surveys, Gages & Observations – 81900 1,575,777 -- 1,575,777 New Orleans District - Surveys, Gages & Observations - 81900 114,908 -- 114,908

CONTINUATION OF PLANNING & ENGINEERING (Category 140)

Flood Control Projects (140) New Orleans District Morganza, LA to Gulf of Mexico – 012875 3,163,520 1,008,415 4,171,935

41-110 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

TABLE 41-X MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES (Continued) ACTIVE GENERAL INVESTIGATIONS (96X3112)

FISCAL YEAR COST Item and CWIS Number Federal Non-Federal Total

PRECONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING & DESIGN (Category 160)

Flood Control Projects (162) Memphis District Bayou Meto Basin, AR - 081307 1,338,775 84,967 1,423,742

GRAND TOTAL MR&T INVESTIGATIONS 7,487,730 2,251,950 9,739,680

41-111 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

TABLE 41-Y MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES AMERICAN RECOVERY AND REINVESTMENT ACT FUNDS

Accrued Unexpended Balance District and Class of Work Allotments Expenditures Sep. 30, 2010

St. Louis District:

Wappapello Lake 22,565,013 19,751,609 2,813,404 SUBTOTAL 22,565,013 19,751,609 2,813,404

Memphis District:

Recovery Act MR&T PED: Bayou Meto Basin, AR 1,600,000 481,376 1,118,624

Recovery Act MR&T Construction: Mississippi River Levees, AR, IL, KY, LA 2,700,000 2,627,172 72,828 St. Francis Basin, AR & MO 6,740,000 2,181,249 4,558,751 Dikes 14,760,000 8,871,834 5,888,166 Revetment Operations 3,094,000 3,094,000 -- Bayou Meto Basin, AR 34,301,834 668,602 33,633,232

Recovery Act MR&T Maintenance & Operation Helena Harbor, AR 1,062,000 1,062,000 -- Memphis Harbor 2,347,600 2,347,600 -- Inspection of completed works 316,938 316,938 -- Mapping 300,000 197,111 102,889 Mississippi River Levees 14,503,000 13,829,074 673,926 St Francis Basin, AR & MO 26,854,985 18,227,712 8,627,273 White River Backwater 4,960,012 3,343,097 1,616,915 Reelfoot Lake 745,000 219,386 525,614 Dredging 3,865,344 3,865,344 -- Revetments 6,500,000 6,066,316 433,684 Dikes 750,000 750,000 -- Hickman Bluff, KY 93,515 93,515 -- SUBTOTAL 125,494,228 68,242,326 57,251,902

Vicksburg District:

Recovery Act MR&T Construction: Yazoo River Yazoo Basin, Big Sunflower River 6,641,777 5,153,067 1,488,710 Yazoo Basin, Upper Yazoo Project 11,585,513 5,113,024 6,472,489 Yazoo Backwater Area 474,950 289,152 185,798

41-112 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

TABLE 41-Y MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES (CONTINUED) AMERICAN RECOVERY AND REINVESTMENT ACT FUNDS

Accrued Unexpended Balance District and Class of Work Allotments Expenditures Sep. 30, 2010 Vicksburg District (Continued): Mississippi River Levees, AR, IL, KY, LA 3,600,292 1,859,754 1,740,538 Dikes 6,967,500 5,619,490 1,348,010 Revetment Operations 6,246,052 6,246,052 0

Recovery Act MR&T Maintenance & Operation Yazoo River Yazoo Basin, Arkabutla Lake 11,888,674 6,334,852 5,553,822 Yazoo Basin Big Sunflower River 151,148 147,148 4,000 Yazoo Basin, Enid Lake 10,738,567 9,028,778 1,709,789 Yazoo Basin, Greenwood 1,096,764 802,500 294,264 Yazoo Basin, Grenada Lake 10,795,816 9,636,600 1,159,216 Yazoo Basin, Main Stem 2,641,079 2,109,397 531,682 Yazoo Basin, Sardis lake 11,817,324 8,439,796 3,377,528 Yazoo Basin, Tributaries 1,337,290 964,740 372,550 Yazoo Basin, Yazoo Backwater Area 1,692,565 1,588,592 103,973 Tensas Basin Tensas basin, Beouf and Tensas Rivers 5,885,973 1,624,844 4,261,129 Tensas Basin and Red River Backwater 1,154,512 57,340 1,097,172 Mississippi River Levees AR, IL,KY,LA 3,473,249 3,186,017 287,232 Lower Arkansas River, North Bank 3,125,852 2,144,003 981,849 Lower Arkansas River, South Bank 331,561 164,567 166,994 Dredging 1,553,376 1,553,376 0 Revetments 19,221,968 16,189,297 3,032,671 Greenville Harbor 549,047 549,047 0 Vicksburg Harbor 535,042 535,042 0 SUBTOTAL 127,330,387 92,599,489 34,730,898

New Orleans District:

Recovery Act MR&T Investigations : Donaldsonville to the Gulf 1,500,000 976,902 523,098

Recovery Act MR&T-PED: Morganza to the Gulf 3,300,000 2,945,043 354,957

Recovery Act MR&T Construction: Atchafalaya Basin, LA 8,101,121 823,714 7,277,407 Atchafalaya Basin, Floodway System 3,974,728 2,599,679 1,375,049 Mississippi Delta Region, LA 2,229,316 2,229,316 0

41-113 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

TABLE 41-Y MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES (CONTINUED) AMERICAN RECOVERY AND REINVESTMENT ACT FUNDS

Accrued Unexpended Balance District and Class of Work Allotments Expenditures Sep. 30, 2010 New Orleans District: (Continued) Recovery Act MR&T Maintanence & Operation Baton Rouge Harbor, Devil Swamp 1,584,978 1,584,978 0 Atchafalaya Basin, LA 36,546,872 22,885,909 13,660,963 Bonnet Carre 9,778,400 2,248,877 7,529,523 Mississippi River Levees AR, IL,KY,LA 2,649,045 1,678,319 970,726 Old River, LA 18,070,916 13,833,034 4,237,882 Revetments 10,000,000 10,000,000 0 SUBTOTAL 97,735,376 61,805,771 35,929,605

TOTAL ARRA FUNDS 373,125,004 242,399,195 130,725,809

41-114 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION

the square the for with million J.. ., ...... (i 1.25 .... '\ Itt associated responsible s i includes work provinces. and Canadian Basin Commission States 2 engineering and River and , United the states of project Drainage #~'" \~ "f' .., 31 , '-••I Mississippi 41% '·· . \. \ .. River , .. Tributaries ,.. impacts tributaries ..,: appointed and 250 ...... ally , . . i which ·-··-··- ··, River -( than -·· basin Mississippi more President , Mississippi miles drainage River seven-member The comprehensive Mississippi

41-115 U.S. ARMY ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER

BACKGROUND laboratory adds a unique perspective and set of capabilities to the overall ERDC team. Following are The research and development (R&D) brief descriptions of the ERDC laboratories. laboratories of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) have served the Corps, the Army, and the Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory Nation with technical accomplishments in a variety of engineering and scientific fields for over 80 years. The Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL), From its beginnings in 1929 as a small hydraulics Vicksburg, MS, is the Nation’s center for engineering laboratory established in Vicksburg, MS, to assist in and scientific R&D in the coastal, hydraulic, and developing a comprehensive plan for flood control of hydrologic engineering and sciences. CHL conducts the Mississippi River, the Engineer Research and research and supports the Corps of Engineers in Development Center (ERDC) has evolved into a conducting its navigation, flood and coastal storm world-class R&D organization with the expertise damage reduction, environmental restoration, and needed to solve complex civil engineering and military engineering missions. CHL is comprised of environmental science challenges for the Corps. nationally and internationally recognized experts that ERDC is headquartered in Vicksburg, MS, and offers perform research and site-specific investigations in a centrally managed center of seven unique the fields of erosion control design; navigation engi- laboratories located in Illinois, Mississippi, New neering; channel design; fisheries engineering; Hampshire, and Virginia. sediment transport; estuarine engineering; dredging; hydrodynamics; groundwater, watershed, surface At the close of FY 2010, ERDC had 1679 full- water, coastal, and ocean modeling; coastal storm time permanent employees of whom 1029 are highly and flood damage protection; harbor design and trained engineers and scientists. The full-time modification; coastal and hydraulic structures; permanent professional staff encompassed 319 Ph.D. physical processes associated with water resources; and 453 Master’s degrees. environmental problems; military logistics-over-the- shore; wave climatology; and hydroinformatics. In FY 2010, ERDC executed a Civil Works program totaling $97.7 million. Of this total, $68.6 Cold Regions Research and Engineering million was executed in direct-allotted programs, Laboratory with $56.6 million in R&D programs and $12 million in data acquisition, demonstration, study, and The Cold Regions Research and Engineering technical support programs. The remaining $29 Laboratory (CRREL), Hanover, NH, maintains the million was executed in support of USACE District finest research and engineering staff and facilities in and Division offices. ERDC also executed $6.7 the world for the study of cold regions science and million in Civil Works Recovery Act programs, of engineering technology. CRREL is recognized for its which $3.1 million was executed in the direct-allotted internationally known experts in the fields of ice jam programs and $3.6 million support of USACE flooding and ice-hydraulics; ice control at locks, District and Division offices. dams, and other navigation channels; snowmelt modeling and simulation; and other specialized capabilities in cold regions infrastructure and geotechnical engineering. CRREL’s specialized LABORATORIES research facilities include a complex of cold rooms, an Ice Engineering Facility housing three special- purpose research areas; a large low-temperature The diverse civil engineering and environmental towing tank for the study of ice forces on structures, quality R&D center consists of seven centrally refrigerated flume for modeling ice processes in managed laboratories located at Alexandria, VA; rivers, and a large hydraulic model room for Champaign IL; Hanover, NH; and Vicksburg, MS. modeling ice jams. CRREL is also home to the U.S. With world-renowned expertise and facilities, each

42-1 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS FOR FY 2010

Army Corps of Engineers Center of Expertise for assessment protocols; and performing upland Civil Works Remote Sensing/Geographic disposal testing and assessment for dredged material. Information Systems. Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory Construction Engineering Research Laboratory The Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory The Construction Engineering Research (GSL), Vicksburg, MS, conducts research in soil and Laboratory (CERL), Champaign, IL, provides rock mechanics, earthquake engineering and construction research to address the entire spectrum geophysics, tunneling and trenchless technology, of issues within military construction. This research engineering geology and seismology, vehicle supports sustainable military installations and encom- mobility and trafficability, unexploded ordnance passes construction, operations, and maintenance as detection, and pavement technology. The laboratory well as environmental and safety concerns. These also determines the response of structures to weapons technologies have universal application and are of effects and other loadings, investigates methods for value in the Civil Works arena as well. Civil Works making concrete and other materials more durable efforts are in the areas of corrosion control, high- and economical, studies the application of explosives performance protective coatings, non-destructive technology to military and civilian engineering, and testing and monitoring, management tools for investigates the behavior of earth/structure systems Operation and Maintenance optimization, subjected to blast loading and projectile penetration. environmental compliance, and environmental GSL is a world leader in research on effects of sustainment. earthquakes on embankment dams and the evaluation, maintenance, and rehabilitation of mass Environmental Laboratory concrete and steel and reinforced structures.

The Environmental Laboratory (EL), Vicksburg, Information Technology Laboratory MS, is the problem solver for the Corps and the Nation in environmental science and engineering The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL), research and development in support of Vicksburg, MS, advances, applies, and delivers environmental systems. The laboratory supports the information technologies that address a wide range of environmental missions of the U.S. Army, the engineering, scientific, and management challenges. Department of Defense, and the Nation through ITL manages one of the six DoD Supercomputing research, development, special studies, and Resource Centers formed under the auspices of the technology transfer. EL research includes a network DoD High Performance Computing Modernization of expertise and facilities from the ERDC Program. ITL also manages the Computer-Aided Laboratories, other government agencies, academia, Design and Building Information Modeling and the private sector. (CAD/BIM) Technology Center, a multi-agency vehicle to coordinate CAD/BIM activities within The laboratory conducts multi-disciplinary DoD. ITL is highly recognized for its expertise in the research in environmental quality and ecosystem areas of Facilities Management technologies required restoration. EL’s research activities consist of by Army Civil Works projects; computer-aided evaluating and projecting the consequences of water interdisciplinary engineering and analysis; software resources development, navigation, and dredging on engineering and informatics; scientific visualization; the environment; developing improved tools and support to R&D and application efforts requiring metrics for environmental benefits analysis; assessing sensor and instrumentation technologies; and library and restoring wetlands; evaluating and modeling and information systems science services and inland and oceanic water quality; guiding collaborative technologies. stewardship of natural resources; developing tools for cleanup of contaminated groundwater and soils; Topographic Engineering Center developing techniques to improve stream and riparian restoration; accelerating growth of desirable The Topographic Engineering Center (TEC), vegetation/habitat; implementing risk and decision Alexandria, VA, provides new topographic frameworks in planning; applying biological, capabilities in geospatial science to the Corps of chemical, and physical control agents to manage Engineers to ensure superior implementation of the nuisance and invasive aquatic plants; applying risk- Nation’s civil and environmental initiatives through based contaminated sediment and soil toxicological research, development, and application of remote sensing; geographic information; global positioning;

42-2 U.S. ARMY ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER and topographic, hydrographic, and information R&D program areas are described in further detail technologies. TEC scientists and engineers continue below. to develop faster, more accurate and cost-effective ways to use new remote sensing technologies to Other activities performed by ERDC are in the describe, characterize, and analyze the surface of the category defined as technical support, technology earth. Remote sensing technologies form an essential transfer, data collection and processing, or part of a new national approach to infrastructure demonstration activities. These efforts play a vital engineering and environmental stewardship. role in the overall R&D process by ensuring new technologies are validated and fully deployed to the primary users, the Corps Districts. Descriptions of the major efforts in this category follow the R&D ARMY CIVIL WORKS R&D program descriptions. PROGRAMS

The Army Civil Works R&D Program is Navigation Systems Research Program formulated to directly support the established business lines of the Civil Works Program, including The Corps provides inland and coastal navigation flood and coastal storm damage reduction, inland and capability essential to the national economy and coastal navigation, environment (including natural defense. Corps projects also provide 25% of the resources, compliance, mitigation, and restoration), Nation’s hydropower. The Navigation research area water supply, hydropower, recreation, emergency is funded under the Investigations appropriation. management, and regulatory. Navigation research, which includes hydropower, delivers tools and guidance essential for improved reliability, increased efficiency, and sustainable Civil Works R&D needs and requirements are increased capacity of the complex and aging identified based on the current Civil Works Program transportation/power network. The Navigation Strategic Plan, Corps Division and District input, and research framework integrates water dynamics, existing authorities under the Water Resources infrastructure mechanics, advanced materials, power Development Act (WRDA). The R&D effort is a physics, economics, innovative construction, coastal problem-solving process by which the Corps and riverine processes, automated control and systematically examines new ideas, approaches, and monitoring, remote sensing, operations research, techniques and develops field-ready products to stochastic processes, and emerging technologies to reduce costs and improve quality of its planning, produce effective solutions for the multiple demands, design, construction, and operations and maintenance requirements, and constraints of real world (O&M) activities in an environmentally sustainable commodity transport and power production manner. In order to most effectively use the limited problems. Research efforts target navigation R&D resources and to avoid unnecessary duplication channels, locks, jetties, breakwaters, dams, and of research effort, the Civil Works R&D Program power plants to facilitate improved asset management maintains external technical exchange and of navigation and hydropower infrastructure. technology transfer efforts with other federal and Research includes techniques for optimizing life- major water resource agencies, International cycle and reliability trade-offs (ensuring defensible Boundary Water Commission, International Joint economic assessment), providing better investment Commission, the Navy, and state and local decision tools for predicting performance and governments. deterioration with time, and scheduling and prioritizing maintenance and repairs balanced with Army Civil Works R&D is funded with Energy the consequences of delays. and Water Development Bill appropriations under General Investigations, Operations and Maintenance, Accomplishments in FY 2010 include: and Construction General Accounts. Under the Investigations R&D program, the primary business lines supported by R&D include Navigation, Flood Completed Coastal Structure Design and Coastal Storm Damage Reduction, and Toolbox for Major Rehabilitation studies, Environmental Restoration. Additional research allowing accurate and rapid design of serves to cut across and support all business lines. In breakwaters that includes optimizing life particular, the System-Wide Water Resources cycle costs. Program serves multiple business needs. The major A digitally based Coastal Structure

42-3 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS FOR FY 2010

Condition Index form was completed along increased to more than $100 million per year to with accompanying documentation that will protect the public and related economic investments. greatly facilitate performance based budget decisions for repair of jetties and In managing flood and coastal storm damage breakwaters. reduction projects around the country for the public’s Developed preliminary design and safety and benefit, the Corps is challenged to engineering methodologies for deformable simultaneously optimize additional requirements for bull nose system (dbns) for lock approach navigation, hydropower, water supply, environmental walls, which should greatly reduce barge stewardship, and recreation while maintaining train breakups during impacts with lock sustainable and adaptable watersheds. The Corps approach structures, saving millions of must have the most advanced capability to conduct dollars in damage to navigation dams and risk-based assessments of alternative project designs reducing fatalities. and operational scenarios; those capabilities must be robust, reliable, and comprehensive; and they must Completed initial design of a lock miter gate lead to sustainable solutions. instrumentation plan, which allows 24/7 monitoring of stresses in miter gates, R&D delivers efficient and effective capabilities significantly reducing the likelihood of to plan, design, construct, operate, maintain, and unscheduled lock outages due to miter gate improve water resources projects in all climates and failures and associated navigation delays. settings, from warm to ice-affected, and from inland Developed the capability to automatically to coastal. Capabilities to prevent loss of life, collect and send via the Automated minimize property damage, and reduce the life-cycle Identification System (AIS) messages on costs of projects are critical. Capabilities include lock and environmental conditions to advanced processes and design models, economic approaching tows, greatly increasing safety models and decision support software, infrastructure and efficiency of inland navigation around condition and risk assessment tools, infrastructure Corps locks. design guidance, innovative operation and Completed test application and evaluation of maintenance technologies, flood-alert numerous cavitation resistant coatings for instrumentation, expedient emergency response hydro turbine blade surfaces, and identified capabilities, and the capability to take advantage of those whose widespread application should new real-time data sources (e.g. precipitation radar) allow for decreased hydropower plant to accurately forecast real-time flow and stages. maintenance of outage work and increased time between maintenance outages. Accomplishments in FY 2010 include:

Developed operational version of planning Flood and Coastal Storm Damage Reduction tool for estimating flood damage costs to Research Program roads and bridges based on enhanced road damage functions, and included prediction capability of economic impacts due to This R&D activity is funded under the transportation delay. Investigations appropriation. As part of its “Flood and Coastal Storm Damage Reduction” mission, the Completed national web-based non- Corps of Engineers is responsible for more than 600 structural flood proofing measures cost dams, operates over 400 major lakes and reservoirs, calculator and transitioned to USACE Cost maintains 8,500 miles of levees, and has over 100 Engineering Center of Expertise to support coastal storm damage reduction and related projects. consideration of nonstructural measures as Flooding that occurs in the United States costs about required by WRDA $4 billion annually. Despite all efforts, annual Released version 1.0 of software framework damages in the flood plain continue to rise due to called HEC-WAT to coordinate and control continued urban development. In addition, the 2000 hydraulic and hydrologic model execution census showed that more than 50% of the U.S. and data exchange for improved population lives within 50 miles of a coast and is productivity of water resource modeling vulnerable to dangerous coastal storms and costly studies in support of Campaign goal 2b. flooding. Consequently, over the past several years, Developed initial version of a computational federal coastal storm damage reduction expenditures framework of models known as HEC-FRM

42-4 U.S. ARMY ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER

to incorporate physical and economic In addition, this R&D also supports the preservation response of systems of projects for risk- and management of scarce natural resources on over based formulation and performance 11 million acres of Corps-owned lands/waters. The assessment of flood risk management goal of this R&D is to provide Corps field personnel projects, applied framework in support of with cost-effective/innovative technologies for Columbia River Treaty Study. project planning, design, construction, O&M, and Published guidance document for decision regulatory activities. Product lines include: making under uncertainty, and applied Environmental Benefits Analysis, Ecosystem methodology to USACE project case Functional Evaluation, Ecosystem Restoration, and studies. Environmental Stewardship and Management. Products are concise, how-to guidance documents Developed version 1.0 of CSTORM-MS, a that provide rapid/low-cost technologies and methods physics-based engineering hurricane and for high-priority field needs. This technology is coastal storm modeling framework for critical to the success of the Corps’ Continuing improved storm prediction of inundation and Authorities Program (CAP) as well as larger storm impacts in support of USACE Investigations-funded projects. Campaign Goal 2d. Documented the state of the practice within Accomplishments in FY 2010 include: USACE for water supply analysis and validation of standard procedures for water Demonstrated state-of-the-science supply study application including reservoir Environmental Benefits Analysis (EBA) firm yield. tools on on-going ecosystem restoration Published video and report series for stream projects. bank and channel stabilization guidance. Developed initial framework and guidelines Updated an operational multi-agency for Corps’ EBA guidebook and toolkit. reservoir sedimentation database called Provided EBA support tool (operationalized) RESSED with USACE data and developed for Corps practitioners. decision support software to assess the Developed a database of programmatic extent of reservoir sedimentation impact metrics and services for comparing across USACE mission areas. ecosystem restoration projects at regional Developed river morphology assessment and national scales. tool to simulate morphology evolution over Provided case studies and mock examples 50 year hydrograph for assessment of river illustrating innovative applications of EBA training structure performance and river bed tools. habitat suitability. Provided EBA / Ecosystem Restoration user

content to Gateway website. Completed total energy budget model for Developed user guidance on the range of snowmelt and integrated it with the watershed hydrology model HEC-HMS for natural dynamism in fully functional flood risk management and water supply ecosystems and the implications for project planning and design. application. Provided a Conceptual Model Builder software tool for Corps planners. Ecosystem Management and Restoration Demonstrated new strategies for quantifying Research Program cumulative benefits from multiple projects for both estuarine and riverine systems. This R&D activity is funded under the Investigations appropriation. Ecosystem Restoration is a growing focus of the Corps’ Civil Works program, ranging from large-scale restoration System-Wide Water Resources Research Program activities on non Corps-owned aquatic resources such as the Louisiana Coastal Area and the This R&D activity is funded under the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Program Investigations appropriation. The goal of the System- covering millions of acres - down too much smaller, Wide Water Resources research area is to support all local wetlands/stream restoration projects <100 acres. business lines of the Corps of Engineers and its

42-5 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS FOR FY 2010 partners by providing the capabilities to balance the current overall R&D structure. The Corps’ R&D human development activities with the natural system structure emphasized applied research and in a sustainable manner through regional demonstration activities. The objective of the Civil management and restoration of the Nation’s water Works Basic Research program is to gain greater resources over broad temporal and spatial scales. knowledge and understanding of the fundamental aspects of phenomena related to water resources. The capabilities provided herein include science- This effort will consist of farsighted and higher risk based water resource management methodologies, research with the potential for broad applications. implementation guidance, computational frameworks and technologies, and decision support. These The BR program is structured to provide physical, capabilities are being built from sound scientific engineering, environmental, social, and life sciences principles reflecting an improved understanding of support to the major Corps of Engineers missions of inter-relationships among key system attributes such reducing flood and coastal storm risk; facilitating as hydrology, geomorphology, chemistry, ecology, navigation; and restoring and sustaining the and socioeconomic. Capabilities are being served via environment. Successful investigations could lead to a seamless, integrated architecture allowing projects subsequent applied research and technology to be considered at multiple scales during project advancement and improved functional capabilities in planning, design, construction, and operation and water resources science and engineering. Four maintenance. activities were started in FY 2010 specific to the fundamental nature of how the dynamics of currents Accomplishments in FY 2010 include: and waves interact with vegetation, social cognitive modeling and risk analysis related to flood risk Developed prototype decision support management, and electrokinetic transport in concrete. systems for water resources management. Developed a prototype geospatial toolkit for Focus areas for the BR program include, (1) watershed assessments. Computational and Information Sciences, (2) Human Dimension of Water Resources Management and Developed a suite of data management tools Decision Making, (3) Material and Transport for multiple databases. Processes, (4) Ecological Processes, (5) Structures Deployed initial suite of watershed and Infrastructure Systems, and (6) Variability and modeling tools with sediment and nutrient Change in Water Resource Systems. transport capabilities. Developed a prototype watershed hydrology Accomplishments in FY 2010 include: and transport model coupled with a vegetation model. Initiated new Basic Research program projects in the focus areas described above. Developed prototypes of 3 ecosystem forecasting models. Completed a basic research project to determine the fundamental nature of how the Developed a prototype of groundwater dynamics of currents and waves interact modeling tools. with vegetation. The goal of this project was Developed a prototype coupled 1D and 2D to significantly improve the “state-of the art” reservoir models. in the physics-based theoretical foundation Deployed prototypes of 2 riverine hydraulic for wetland-wind-wave-surge-risk models with sediment and nutrient transport. interactions. This work investigated/evaluated several existing Deployed a tool for hydrodynamic empirical theories and will provide a marked connectivity and ecological responses at improvement in our understanding of freshwater and saline interfaces. governing principles for these interactions.

Completed a basic research project on social Basic Research cognitive modeling and risk analysis related to flood risk management. A formal Initiated in FY 2008 at the recommendation of characterization of analysts, decision Civil Works business area managers and R&D makers, and stakeholder views and risk managers, the Civil Works Basic Research (BR) perceptions will facilitate the development program was structured to fill needs not being met by of better management alternatives and foster

42-6 U.S. ARMY ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER

effective communications and training about research is producing information on the growth and flood risks and their management. ecological requirements of invasive aquatic plants Completed a basic research project to and is producing new biological, chemical, and develop a quantitative understanding of the ecological technologies for their control. Specific physics of electrokinetic transport in information on the biology and ecology of invasive concrete. Of particular interest is the aquatic plants, obtained through research in the transport of ions, particles and fluid through APCRP, has greatly improved the efficacy and hardened concrete that could mitigate or diversity of management options, while minimizing reverse its deterioration by various adverse effects on the environment. processes. Accomplishments in FY 2010 include: Began new research on a new approach to predicting and modeling phytoplankton Deployed a new insect biocontrol agent blooms. (Megamelus scutellaris) for control of Began new research on efficient resolution waterhyacinth. of complex transport phenomena Eulerian- Lagrangian Techniques. Initiated the development of mass-rearing techniques for waterhyacinth insect biocontrol agent (Megamelus scutellaris). Aquatic Plant Control Research Program Initiated overseas exploration for new insect biocontrol agents for hydrilla. New agents This R&D program is funded out of the will improve management of expanding Construction appropriation. The Aquatic Plant hydrilla populations. Control Research Program (APCRP) is the nation’s Developed cost-effective, large-scale mass only federally authorized research program providing rearing methods for giant salvinia insect the technology to manage invasive aquatic plant biocontrol agents (Cyrtobagous salviniae). species. Millions of acres nationwide are now infested with invasive aquatic plants that create water Completed in-country surveys to identify resource problems. These plants when imported as new pathogen biocontrol agents for Eurasian exotic, have few natural enemies, and rapidly out- watermilfoil and hydrilla. compete native aquatic plants. Eurasian watermilfoil, Completed field evaluation/validation hydrilla, waterlettuce, and other invasive species studies to determine the efficacy of continue to propagate from local infestations. Many Mycoleptodiscus terrestris bioherbicide of these plants are interfering with navigation, flood technology. control, hydropower production, water quality conditions, and waterborne recreational uses. They Provided insect biocontrol agents (>1.5 have a very low value to fish and wildlife and million Hydrellia flies, >11,000 salvinia contribute significantly to overall environmental weevils, and >30,000 alligatorweed flea degradation. New colonies of invasive aquatic plants beetles) for operational releases within continue to be found, including hydrilla in the waterbodies of seven states. Potomac River, Chesapeake Bay, the upper Midwest, Developed predictive assays for rapidly and the Northwest; Eurasian watermilfoil in the upper screening plant tissues for herbicide Midwest and Northwest; giant salvinia in Hawaii, resistance. Accurate identification of Texas, Florida, and other southeastern states; and resistant plant populations will improve water chestnut in New York and New England. In selection, timing, and application of addition, hybridization between native and invasive resistance management strategies. aquatic plant species and the development of herbicide-resistant plant populations have recently Developed new herbicide use patterns for been documented and can impact the efficacy of mitigating herbicide resistance. current management practices. Documented herbicide resistance development in hybrid Eurasian watermilfoil The objective of the APCRP is to develop cost- populations in the Midwest and resistance to effective, environmentally compatible aquatic plant a second herbicide in hydrilla in Florida. control technology, including biological, chemical, Early detection and monitoring is integral to ecological, and integrated control methods. APCRP prevent spread of resistant populations.

42-7 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS FOR FY 2010

Developed strategies for effective herbicide Research Program. Funded under the Operations and use in high water exchange environments. Maintenance appropriation, this expanded program addresses all invasive aquatic animal species. Developed operational guidance and use Invasive species in general cost the public over $137 patterns for new EPA-registered aquatic billion annually. Zebra mussels alone cost the public herbicides. over $1 billion annually and they have now been Developed new laboratory assay for discovered in lakes and rivers west of the 100th determining plant response to Protox- meridian. It is estimated that over 100 nuisance inhibiting herbicides. species are introduced into U.S. waters annually. Many of these species have the potential to impact Developed guidance on herbicide facility operations - as well as threaten valued native application methods for protection of native, species diversity. The Corps is responsible for the non-target aquatic vegetation. O&M of water resource projects on navigable waters Completed development of on-line versions and the associated resources. More effective, of the Aquatic Plant Information System inexpensive methods of prevention and control of (APIS) and the Nuisance Plant Management aquatic nuisance species must be developed to reduce Information System (PMIS). impacts to public facilities and protect valuable natural resources. Initiated long-term field studies to evaluate grass carp coupled with native plant Prevention methodology focusing on dispersal restoration as an integrated management barrier technology will be investigated. Control approach against hydrilla. strategies are being developed for navigation Initiated data collection for developing new structures; hydropower and other utilities; vessels and population models that will determine dredges; and water treatment, irrigation, and other optimum triploid grass carp stocking water control structures. Methods to reduce invasive densities. species impacts to Threatened and Endangered species and restore natural habitat will be Developed lake restoration techniques using investigated. Numerous dredged material disposal alum to improve native submersed plant areas in the Atlantic, Gulf coast, and Great Lakes populations. region have mosquito abatement programs. Due to Developed methods for reducing sediment the introduction of the West Nile Virus, local phosphorus availability to reduce harmful communities want greater assurances that mosquito algae bloom events. populations at Corps disposal sites are controlled to the maximum extent practicable. Following the Initiated software development for a low- introduction of the northern snakehead fish, a number cost acoustic submersed plant mapping tool. of Corps reservoir projects have had to take Initiated studies to determine the feasibility interdiction measures to prevent introduction of the of integrating herbicides with insect fish. biocontrol for management of giant salvinia. Accomplishments in FY 2010 include: Evaluated operational management strategies for control of golden algae (Prymnesium parvum). Completed swimming performance studies Provided invasive aquatic plant control on the invasive silver carp species; data was technology transfer documents in the form used to determine the optimal procedures for of Technical Reports, Technical Notes, operation and maintenance of the Chicago journal articles, web-based information Sanitary and Ship Canal electrical barrier. systems, workshops, and training seminars Provided improved guidance to COE to COE Districts and Divisions. Districts on electrical barrier operations and the feasibility for utilizing multiple barrier technologies to maximize protection against Aquatic Nuisance Species Research Program movement of Asian carp species. Provided guidance to COE Districts on rapid The Aquatic Nuisance Species (ANS) Research response plan implementation for Asian carp Program is an expansion of the Zebra Mussel movement through the Chicago Sanitary & Ship Canal.

42-8 U.S. ARMY ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER

Completed cost template and data analysis BIM applications was updated and released for reporting COE invasive species via the web. The A/E/C CAD Standards expenditures to OMB and the National content was revised to make it compatible Invasive Species Council. with the latest released version of the National Developed cell-line assays for quantifying CAD Standard and National BIM Standard. AVM-algal toxin production. BIM User Workshops and BIM Managers classes were conducted for Civil Works Developed guidance on environmental districts and an Autodesk version of the class habitat conditions associated with freshwater was developed and conducted. Dreissenids (quagga and zebra mussels). The CAD Generic Detail Library was updated Determined effectiveness of ultra-fine and functionality of the web interface was filtration studies as a management strategy improved through new controller software. against quagga and zebra mussels. The GIS Spatial Data Standard for Facilities, Consolidated three invasive species Infrastructure, and Environment (SDSFIE) information systems (APIS, PMIS, and Release 3.0 was coordinated with Services and ANSIS) into one; web-based renamed the published. Invasive Species Information A proof-of-concept to USACE for System (ISIS). consideration as a BIM deliverable Provided updates and added new aquatic requirement within USACE contracting nuisance species profiles to the web-based requirements was completed. An Instructional ISIS. Manual for assembling .pdf files for input to Provided aquatic nuisance species web-based site for ACSIM use. technology transfer documents in the form BIM Contract language originally released in of Technical Reports, Technical Notes, FY 2008 was updated to address specific data journal articles, web-based information requirement for all BIM models. systems and workshops to COE Districts The Center continued its development of BIM and Divisions. expertise. The BIM Road Map and Implementation Guide was updated and Automated Information Systems Support – Tri- released. Service CADD/GIS Technology Center The Center continued its deployment role for the collaborative engineering tool ProjectWise The automated Information Systems Support – Deployment of ProjectWise at Transatlantic Tri-Service CADD/GIS Technology Center provides Programs Center, GRD, and AED was technical support to engineers and scientist utilizing completed. Release of the ProjectWise PCM Computer Aided Design (CAD), Geographic 3.0 was also delivered. Information Systems (GIS), Building information Modeling (BIM), and facility management SDSFIE web site was enhanced to provide technologies in the planning, design, construction, additional capabilities and meet user needs. operation and maintenance of Corps projects. The ProjectWise demonstration project for the Center is jointly funded by Military, Civil Works, management of Real Estate documents was and other Federal agencies and provides technical completed for both Civil Works and Military support across all sectors. Benefits are accrued by districts. individual USACE Districts/projects in the conduct BIM to GIS demonstration project based on of it Civil Works mission. the ESRI vendor tool set was demonstrated. The focus was on interior equipment and Accomplishments in FY 2010 include: furnishing. Completed additional SDSFIE data modeling activities including Dam and water control Release 4.0 of the A/E/C CAD Standard (both data modeling. document and software tools) was released via the web. The A/E/C CAD Standard will continue to incorporate Building Information Modeling Standard (BIM) requirements. The FY 2009 Tri-service corporate dataset for

42-9 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS FOR FY 2010

Coastal Inlets Research Program through the national marine transportation infrastructure. The Coastal Inlets Research Program (CIRP) is an R&D program funded under the Operations and Documented Coastal Modeling System Maintenance appropriation. Records demonstrate that (CMS) upgrades and new releases with the Corps will expend an estimated $15 to $20 billion Technical Notes, wiki-pages, and journal over the next 25 years at the more than 150 coastal articles. Upgrades included methods to inlets with existing major federal navigation projects. speed calculation time and improve Their navigation channels and structures must be accuracy: Non-Equilibrium Transport maintained, modified, and rehabilitated, as well as (NET), telescoping grid capability, and damages to adjacent beaches and estuaries mitigated. parallel processing. New capabilities Political, engineering, and demographic factors may included beta versions of Particle Tracking increase these costs. The national “2020” plan for Model (PTM) for the CMS, salinity deeper and wider channels to accommodate the next transport with CMS, non-linear wave-wave class of vessels must be incorporated, including the action; guidance for mixed-grain size forecasted increase in long-term sea level that brings simulations; and infragravity waves which great uncertainty in prediction of maintenance are significant in representing inner harbor requirements, reliability of jetties, and integrity of oscillations. CMS is the Corps’ work-horse adjacent beaches. The public perception, right or for numerically simulating combined wave, wrong, that federal activities at inlets cause adverse current, sediment transport, morphology response at adjacent beaches may require additional, change, and salinity transport near coastal expensive mitigation. Public sensitivity to the inlet navigation channels, adjacent beaches, practice of placing sediment that is dredged during estuaries, and bays. O&M in offshore disposal areas is resulting in advocacy for more nearshore placement of beach- quality sediment. Inlets are the primary conduits for Tested alpha version of three-dimensional the transport of environmental constituents between CMS (CMS3D) and visualization tool box at bays and the open ocean, and the Corps may be Matagorda Navigation Channel, TX, and constrained from performing present activities unless Ocean Beach, CA. CMS3D accounts for it can make accurate predictions of inlet response, vertical reversing flows and salinity and thus environmental response, to such activities. intrusion with navigation channel deepening. Developed draft guidance for As inlet behavior becomes better understood using 3D and protocols for seamless change through CIRP R&D, reliable tools for management of between 2D and 3D. inlets for navigation projects, such as models and empirical relationships, are becoming available for inlet O&M. These new tools will lead to more Field-tested new CMS features at coastal efficient, cost-effective designs and reduce O&M navigation projects and adjacent beaches: requirements and, consequently, costs. Noyo Harbor, CA (wave roller, three- dimensional processes, and onshore Accomplishments in FY 2010 include: transport); Ocean Beach, CA (jetty permeability and CMS-PTM tracer simulations); Shark River Inlet, NJ Version 1.0 of the Channel Prioritization (developing guidance for NET adaptation Tool (CPT) was released for inland channels length); Barber’s Point, HI (infragravity and is now available for all federal coastal waves and permeable breakwater); and and inland navigation channels in a web- Pelekane Bay, HI (wave setup and flow based platform, including interaction with transport through narrow channels). the Shoaling Toolbox (see below). The web-based version of CPT includes an interactive box-drawing feature for selection Released beta versions of three new of reaches of interest via a Google Earth™ toolboxes: Tidal Analysis Prediction (TAP) portal. Also included is a roll-up feature for Toolbox; Inlet Engineering & Shoaling reporting of channel depth-utilization at the Toolbox (IEST), and Section 111 Toolbox. project, District, and Division levels, as well The TAP Toolbox includes routines for as a commodity flow feature for showing the developing, analyzing, and forecasting tidal spatial extent of the movement of cargo calculations. The IEST provides rapid

42-10 U.S. ARMY ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER analysis tools useful for reconnaissance- Dredging Operations and Environmental level studies and to compare with more Research Program detailed CMS calculations. The Section 111 Toolbox integrates tools and guidance for The DOER program is the only research program updating and conducting new Section 111 in the Federal government that addresses the science, Studies (assessment of federal responsibility engineering and technology needs related to dredging for damage caused by navigation projects), and managing the 200 million cubic yards of and provides a standard, defensible sediment that must be removed every year from methodology Corps-wide. navigation channels, ports, and harbors in the United States. DOER supports cost effective management of contaminated sediments in navigation channels and Upgraded Inlet Reservoir Model (IRM) to harbors; optimizing dredged material management; facilitate long-term calculations at inlet and beneficial uses of dredged sediment to restore channels, shoals, and adjacent beaches. habitat, ecosystems, and coastal recreational services. Tested alpha version at Onslow Beach, NC, and adjacent inlets. The DOER Program is integral to the Corps’ navigation dredging and environmental missions. Linked Channel Shoaling Tools to CPT. Dredging and dredged material management must be Channel Shoaling Tools within the IEST accomplished within a climate of increased dredging include analytical calculation methods as workload, fewer placement sites, increased well as site-specific historical channel environmental constraints, and decreasing fiscal and shoaling data to evaluate past and estimate manpower resources. Balancing environmental future channel shoaling. Users can estimate protection, restoration opportunities and critical O&M requirements as a function of economic needs, while maintaining and enhancing deepening, widening, or lengthening a navigation infrastructure, presents significant navigation channel. The link to CPT allows technical challenges. The DOER program has the Corps to evaluate how these validated innovative technologies for managing risks modifications or a delay in O&M change while significantly reducing operational costs. shoaling rates and the resulting vessel transit Assessment and management practices developed by in a particular channel. DOER are needed to sustain both the economic and environmental benefits produced by the USACE navigation dredging program. Public release of wiki-based documentation for CMS and CIRP products and tools, Accomplishments in FY 2010 include: including brief instructional video clips for application of new features within the CMS. The DOER Program successfully completed User’s guides and manuals change rapidly all of the project requirements and completed the with upgrades to technology. Wiki-based following products: (online) access allows guidance updates to be tracked and accurate with each . Operations Technologies: Expanded Silent improvement in model and tool release. The Inspector capability to provide near-real- CIRP wiki is available from: time monitoring of dredging operations by http://cirp.usace.army.mil/wiki/ . quantifying uncertainty associated sediment volume and density. Completed Conducted two technology-transfer development of condition assessment workshops on Coastal Inlets Research methods for assessing status and Program products, covering numerical performance of navigation channels. models, engineering guidance, and field Demonstrated application of Innovative measurements. Published numerous peer- Adoption Process (IAP) to encourage and reviewed articles and technical reports. manage the introduction of innovative Publications and latest CIRP information is technologies and procedures in the housed on navigation program that can increase the http://cirp.wes.army.mil/cirp/cirp.html. efficiency of operations (i.e., reduce cost and time requirements). Demonstrated innovative dredging equipment to meet operational and environmental requirements.

42-11 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS FOR FY 2010

a cost-efficient alternative to upland Environmental Resource Protection: management of contaminated sediments. Expanded evaluations of efficient protection Developed innovative treatment technology measures for Threatened and Endangered guidance for contaminated dredged material Species to minimize costs and time delays to reduce the operational and long-term associated with achieving regulatory costs of managing contaminated dredged compliance. Evaluated new frameworks for material. Finalized development of setting environmental windows for sea turtle faster/cheaper analytical methods for protection. Completed field investigation evaluating contaminant movement from (in collaboration with the NY District) of sediment to water and within food webs. effectiveness of silt curtains as a navigation Expanded the development of risk-informed dredging management practice. Published decision making methods to manage results of studies related to habitat operational and environmental risks management and protection of bird species. associated with navigation dredging. Demonstrated new technologies for detection of protected sturgeon species in the vicinity of dredging projects to optimize OTHER PROGRAMS project performance. Published findings of environmental benefits of open-water Within the Investigations, Operations and dredged material disposal options for Maintenance, and Construction appropriations, the providing fish habitat enhancement. ERDC conducts technical support efforts that consist of activities such as demonstrations, mapping, data Dredged Material Management: collection and management, studies, and technology Advanced current models that are used to transfer and support. Significant activities in this area design dredging operations to ensure that of effort are described below. efficient operations (i.e., that minimize cost) can be conducted within regulatory limits. Improved models used to describe fluidized Coastal Field Data Collection mud spread during barge or pipeline placement operations. Enhanced Surface- The Coastal Field Data Collection (CFDC) water Modeling System (SMS) features for Program has a nationwide scope designed to incorporating GIS data and large-domain measure, analyze, and assemble information required hydrodynamic and wave models into to accomplish the USACE’s mission in coastal dredged material fate models. Released navigation and storm damage reduction. It is guidance document for Confined Disposal designed to collect non-project-specific data, i.e. Facility fast-track siting and approval regional data that is necessary for many projects. planning. Released new model for Through this program, the USACE also contributes describing dredged material deposition, to the Nation’s Integrated Ocean Observing System sedimentation, and consolidation after open- (IOOS) led by NOAA. water placement. Released new nearshore placement model for beneficial use of Accomplishments in FY 2010 include: dredged material. National Coastal Wave Climates. This activity Risk: Published results of cost-effective provides high-quality coastal wave observations and surrogates for assessing contaminant wave hindcast model estimates, wave analyses bioavailability and toxicity in dredged products and decision tools nationwide. Hindcast material. Developed and published a U.S. datasets include directional wave spectra (by-product application of the “Working with Nature” is the wave direction), and are computed hourly for concept developed by the International locations every few miles along the coast. Navigation Association as a means for promoting environmentally sustainable Wave hindcast website revised/updated to navigation infrastructure and operations. include Google Earth option for access. Improved models and design guidance for Alaska 20-yr hindcast added to web site. the use of advanced capping technologies as

42-12 U.S. ARMY ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER

Wave climate products developed using hindcast mobile mapping of the beach, dune and near- and observed data reviewed and released to web shore bathymetry. This innovative system was site. used to monitor beach and nearshore changes Co-led the Data Buoy Collaboration Panel under during a major storm producing a first-ever, hour the Joint Technical Commission for Ocean- by hour record of beach changes. This unique ography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM). and powerful new tool will be used to provide JCOMM is an international committee under the the detailed observations required for developing United Nations World Meteorological Organ- and evaluating numerical nearshore morphologic ization (WMO). Began a Pilot Project to test and models. evaluate moored wave buoys. Expanded the cross-shore array of wave gauges and current meters at the Field Research Facility Under the Coastal Data Information Program to include a dune-mounted terrestrial Lidar (CDIP, http://cdip.ucsd.edu), continued the operation station that can be programmed to collect and maintenance of 47 directional wave observation continuous swash, wave setup and beach mea- sites nationwide in collaboration with the State of surements remotely. Captured several days of California and the Scripps Institution of Ocean- storm (Tropical Storm, Hurricane Earl) and ography, with support from the US Navy and others. recovery events (hourly), a unique and dramatic CDIP is a successful, national program that provides record of minute-by-minute beach change. the Corps and the public with high-resolution Successfully participated in and supported the shallow-water wave observations, specifically Surf-Zone Optics experiment sponsored by the addressing Corps requirements for real-time and Office of Naval Research. historic wave data. Measurements of Typhoon winds, waves and Field Research Facility, a long-term Coastal storm surges in island and reef environments. The Observatory. The Field Research Facility (FRF) in objective of the Pacific Islands Land Ocean Typhoon Duck, North Carolina (http://frf.usace.army.mil/), is a (PILOT) activity is to address specific requirements unique real-world coastal facility that collects a developed by the Corps and FEMA’s Islands Task comprehensive suite of wave, current, meteor- Force. In response, a unique series of measurements ological, bathymetric, and topographic data typically are being made across reefs by the Corps in required, but often unavailable at a Corps project site. partnership with the University of Hawaii. Tropical These data are made available online and in real time cyclones and hurricanes affect Pacific and Caribbean to engineers and scientists in the Corps, other islands differently than the continental United States. agencies (NOAA, NSF, Navy, USCG, USGS, Consequently existing wave and storm surge forecast NASA, etc.), universities, and the private sector for models, cyclone intensity scales, and design tools for researching coastal processes and for developing and cyclone conditions are inappropriate or unproven for verifying numerical models and coastal engineering use in the islands. tools that predict wave environments and sediment movement affecting coastal projects, navigation PILOT measurements are being made on the safety, dredging quantities and project impacts. Islands of Guam and St.Croix, because of their high likelihood of typhoon/hurricane passage, and in As a unique coastal observatory, the FRF is a Hawaii (http://frf.usace.army.mil/pilot/pilot.shtml). significant Corps contribution to the Integrated Observations to date suggest that storm waves Ocean Observing System (IOOS) as specified in the propagating across island reefs are attenuated far President’s Ocean Action Plan and authorized in the greater than on typical continental beaches and Integrated Coastal and Ocean Observation System greater than predicted by existing wave trans- Act of 2009 (PL No. 111-11). Accomplishments formation models. The data also confirm that waves during FY 2010 include: on reefs are extremely sensitive to even small changes in the mean water level. PILOT takes Continue long-term data collection program and advantage of the expertise available in other program use the ~30+ year record of nearshore waves and activities and collected data support the long-term morphology observation to for climate signals IOOS data requirements in the islands. (storminess, modulation of wave field, etc.). Developed CLARIS (Coastal Lidar and Radar Continued monitoring in the US Virgin Islands, Imaging System) which integrates a terrestrial and in the Pacific. Added a location to the south scanning Lidar with a Marine X-Band Radar, shore of St. Croix. GPS receiver and a motion system to allow fast, Web site developed to enable easy dissemination

42-13 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS FOR FY 2010

of data, findings and research papers. Observation System Act of 2009 (PL No. 111-11), Initiated research into reef characteristics and the IOOS is an interagency activity with NOAA as the development of corresponding friction coef- lead agency. Corps participation in IOOS workshops, ficients. regional associations, and meetings helps to insure Co-led with NOAA two workshops examining that the IOOS is serving Corps requirements and that the future requirements for inundation, climate, Corps districts and divisions are both contributing to, and coastal modeling in the Pacific. and benefiting from IOOS coastal data for use in planning, operations, environmental assessment, Surge Wave Island Modeling Studies (SWIMS). climate change and emergency response. The objective of this activity is to develop numerical models and techniques appropriate for typhoon surge In FY 2010, developed and began implementing simulation and forecast in the islands. Typically, a strategy for USACE-wide, regional involvement in islands are mountainous with narrow coasts and a the IOOS. reef shield that offers protection from storm waves. However, typhoons can greatly raise water levels and Deployed a permanent Corps liaison to the US waves resulting in coastal inundation, damage, and IOOS office. loss of life. Under SWIMS, a next generation island Continued IOOC participation. coastal storm surge and wave model system is being Promoted active Corps participation in IOOS developed using data collected under PILOT activities including working to include Corps (http://chl.erdc.usace.army.mil/swims). The model representatives on IOOS regional association system will also be applied and evaluated for longer, boards and governing councils. irregular reaches of coastline, using inundation data Completed a Marine Technology Society journal from the island of Kauai after Hurricane Iniki and paper on the Corps & IOOS. with data from physical hydraulic model tests. Once Conducted an initial IOOS/Corps collaborations developed, the modeling methodology will be applied meeting between the Alaska District and the initially to selected Hawaiian Island sites with Alaska Ocean Observing System regional exceptional importance for coastal inundation association. More are planned. planning. Remote Sensing/Geographic Information System Two-dimensional model components were (GIS) Center validated with PILOT Field data and physical model data and incorporated into an upgraded The Remote Sensing/GIS Center is the Corps’ modeling system. Center of Expertise for Civil Works remote sensing Additional physical model tests were performed, and GIS technologies, providing mission-essential including reef channels that influence water support to the Corps. Through centralized levels and inundation, to validate models. management of this function, the Center provides A range of potential storms were run for Oahu cost-effective support through technology transfer and incorporated into a database for emergency and applications development for Corps mission planning. responsibilities in all business practice areas: Hands-on training of tool application was navigation, flood and coastal storm damage provided to Corps Districts and local emergency reduction, hydropower, regulatory, environment, managers, and continued coordination with these emergency management, recreation, water supply, users. and work for others. An enterprise GIS approach is Modeling in the Caribbean also began, as PILOT an essential component of this support. Continuing data became available. interaction with other researchers and practitioners throughout the Corps, government, the private sector, and academia ensures that key state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice knowledge of evolving trends Participation in the Integrated Ocean Observing are available for the Corps and that duplication of Program (IOOS). This activity supports the Corps effort is avoided. participation in the IOOS through the Interagency Ocean Observations Committee (IOOC). Other The Remote Sensing/GIS Center develops participating agencies include Navy, NASA, NSF, approaches for the integration of data from the NOAA, USGS, EPA, OSTP, DHS, and BOEMRE. disparate sources necessary for system-wide land and As defined in the Integrated Coastal and Ocean water resources management including: regional

42-14 U.S. ARMY ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER sediment management, regional water management, problems that can be solved in less than 3 ecosystem processes and assessment, basin studies, days. water control, support to emergency management, Provided leadership and technical support to and compliance with the attendant environmental strategic and enterprise USACE geospatial regulations and related policies. The Center maintains initiatives: District and Division E-GIS cognizance of state-of-the-art sensors, data collection, support; National Levee Database analysis, and storage systems; commercial software; development and execution: Missouri River and bridging software that integrates these and Restoration Project: Geospatial Operations operational technologies into Corps Division, and Maintenance Business Interlink District, and other agencies activities. (gORM) development and implementation; Real Estate Management Information Technology is transferred through telephone and System; National inventory of Dams , Corps short, no-cost assistance to the field. The existence Project Notebook; Emergency Management of the Center ensures that the necessary support can Remote Sensing, GIS; and Modeling Group; be rapidly directed toward solving operational and Hydrology and Hydraulics modeling problems that require specialized expertise. The software development and support team PROSPECT training program in remote sensing and member. GIS, managed by Center staff, provides another avenue for the transfer of knowledge to those who Provided technical support to Corps District are, or soon will be, using these technologies. offices for the development of Training is also conducted in the field through implementation plans for Geospatial data workshops, conferences, and distance learning. management including development of White papers, pilot projects, publications (including enterprise of geospatial data approaches. Engineer Technical Letters, Circulars, and Manuals), Conducted frequent geospatial technology and the Internet are also used to transfer procedures web-seminars for Corps offices. This and lessons learned to end users. supports includes discussions with District personnel concerning current and desired Accomplishments in FY 2010 include: approaches, consideration of what is occurring in all divisions within the District, As the Center of Expertise, served as key and enterprise issues. resource and technology point of contact for the Corps of Engineers for Civil Works Dredging Operations Technical Support Program remote sensing and GIS. The team of geospatial experts at the Remote Within the Operations and Maintenance Sensing/GIS Center provided access to appropriation, the Dredging Operations Technical required expertise to meet the needs of Support (DOTS) Program fosters a “one-door-to-the- USACE personnel with questions about Corps” concept by providing comprehensive and imagery or Geographic Information interdisciplinary technology transfer, technology Systems. demonstrations, and training essential to all Provided guidance and technical support to stakeholders involved in navigation projects. The the Corps’ Geospatial Community of DOTS Program is managed as a centralized resource Practice (CoP) and provided leadership to across navigation missions to maximize cost the remote sensing, hydrology and effectiveness, while facilitating consistent hydraulics, and emergency sub-CoPs. A implementation of National policies and laws number of the COPs in USACE have pertaining to navigation. The program emphasizes technical issues that are related to the rapid applications of state-of-the-art technology and geospatial technologies. The Remote research results to problems identified by field Sensing/GIS Center of Expertise funds staff offices. Maintenance of the Nation’s navigation to participate in the activities of the COPs to infrastructure requires compliance with numerous assure that appropriate linkage to the environmental statutes and Presidential Executive geospatial technologies is available. Orders. These requirements and new emerging environmental concerns necessitate ready access to Supported one-stop service requests from advances in scientific knowledge to avoid Corps Districts and Divisions. The Remote uncertainties in administration of the Corps’ Sensing/GIS Center provides no cost navigational dredging program. The DOTS support to USACE elements having

42-15 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS FOR FY 2010

Program’s Web-based and expert networking methods for resolution of engineering and capabilities provide access to extensive, up-to-date, environmental issues. technically defensible databases, predictive models, and tools that enable rapid, proactive responses to A trend for increasing need for technical emerging technical issues. This access fosters responses, evidenced by consistent growth networking and solutions to common problems in requests submitted by field offices on an confronting the navigation and dredging annual basis, coincides with expansion of communities. the DOTS mission to cover all navigation- related issues in addition to dredging and Short-term, quick-turnaround technical efforts dredged material disposal. that address problematic issues encountered during maintenance and operation of navigable waterways Personnel turnover due to retirement and and infrastructure are the foundation of the DOTS attrition within the Corps and other Program. Demonstration of new, innovative regulatory agencies has created a growing techniques with potentially high returns on demand for training in diverse technological investment for management of Corps navigation areas. DOTS-sponsored training of Corps projects is another important DOTS function. By staff, personnel with regulatory authority disseminating knowledge of new R&D products to over Corps navigation maintenance field offices constrained by staff reductions, the activities, and other stakeholders will DOTS Program will continue to perform a critical convey the latest findings on environmental technology transfer role in support of all O&M and engineering techniques associated with navigation projects. maintaining navigable waterways. Training topics include dredging and dredged Accomplishments in FY 2010 include: material disposal; sediment testing protocols; quantitative risk assessment Emphasis was placed on effective transfer of techniques; coastal and inland channel technology developed by the Corps and maintenance needs; water quality and others engaged in maintenance and related aquatic environmental issues; new management of navigation structures and and emerging techniques for accurate navigable waterways. Typical technology determination of compliance with transfer topics include: management of environmental protection statutes regarding Confined Disposal Facilities; management management of dredged material and other of contaminated dredged material; features of navigation projects; development application of innovative risk-based and preparation of manuals jointly with the technologies to assess contaminated dredged EPA that implement the inland and ocean material; maintenance of coastal inlets and disposal programs; and short-term work adjacent shorelines; shoreline stabilization efforts to address generic Corps-wide and river training methodologies; technical dredging and dredged material assessment and management protocols for management problems related to navigation beneficial uses of dredged material; projects. DOTS continue to support assessment of water quality issues based on development of training materials on historical compliance monitoring data; compliance with the Endangered Species proactive analyses of dredge entrainment Act for Corps field offices on a regional data for take of species associated with basis. DOTS is also engaged in emerging concerns (e.g., horseshoe crabs); standardizing methodologies for reporting channel realignments; protection of costs of compliance with the ESA and threatened or endangered species; equipment restrictive dredging project management selection; operational measures for practices such as environmental windows. protection of Threatened and Endangered Species; rational application of DOTS will continue to fill a long-standing environmental windows and alternative best void with respect to outreach, providing a management practices; lock and dam broad spectrum of educational materials maintenance needs; channel and harbor related to the Corps’ navigation mission. maintenance activities; ship simulation Relying on internet resources, this activity applications; and numerical modeling has rapidly become an extremely effective means of conveying comprehensive,

42-16 U.S. ARMY ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER

accurate information to a broad audience, include structural, topographic, bathymetric, and including students, educators, and the hydrodynamic responses, and inter-comparisons of general public as well as professionals. projects when applicable. DOTS also provide a bridge to NGO stakeholders in the navigation arena. For Coordination between the Corps and other example, DOTS supports continued federal, state, and local agencies is essential for exchange with the American Bird proper accomplishment of this program. In addition Conservancy, fostering greater to satisfying the Corps’ requirements, the MCNP data understanding of bird habitat conservation are made available through technical publications and and stewardship during the planning and will be of value to other federal, state, and local execution of O&M projects. agencies tasked with development and implementation of regional coastal and inland navigation management policies. Results are Monitoring of Completed Navigation Projects communicated to member agencies of the Marine Transportation System. The purpose of the Monitoring Completed Navigation Projects (MCNP) program is to identify Accomplishments in FY 2010 include: best navigation project practices and use them to improve performance of all navigation projects. In FY 2010, 4 Technical Reports (TR) were Optimizing project performance requires that projects published and disseminated to Corps Field be monitored and evaluated against pre-construction Operating activities containing improved, projections and present needs, and that the lessons updated, and enhanced design guidance. learned be translated into proactive management guidance for Corps Districts. Information gained Kaumalapau Harbor, HI: Here, the largest from monitoring navigation projects, including CORE-LOC armor units ever used by the changes in sediment transport, water levels, currents, Corps (35 ton) were used to rehabilitate the waves, flushing, river flows, and other hydraulic breakwater. Published comprehensive final phenomena with associated environmental impacts, Technical Report including new findings will be used to verify design expectations, determine related to CORE-LOC settlement, armor benefits, and identify O&M deficiencies. This movement, and breakage during settlement, information will improve project performance and and strength of units. These findings are the optimize opportunities for environmental basis for improved design guidance for new, enhancement. Information collected and analyzed on and rehabilitation of damaged, structures a national basis documents successful designs, using 1-layer CORE-LOC concrete armor disseminates lessons learned from projects with units, providing valuable information for problems, and provides upgraded field guidance that design and installation at other high wave will reduce life-cycle costs on a national scale. energy locations. Study completed.

Selective and intensive monitoring of Civil J.T. Meyers Locks and Dam, KY: Works navigation projects is executed to acquire Published final Technical Report regarding information to improve project-purpose attainment, innovative repair techniques to lock wall design procedures, construction methods, and O&M concrete and armor systems that provide techniques. Both shallow- and deep-draft navigation minimal disruption to navigation operations. projects located in rivers, reservoirs, lakes, estuaries, Many lock chambers on the Ohio river and and the coastal zone are included in the program. Upper Mississippi River are susceptive to Projects that best address high-priority life-cycle cost similar deterioration. High strength concrete savings are selected for monitoring and evaluation. and anchor-embedded steel plates provided a Monitoring plans are developed jointly by Corps permanent fix. The repair techniques Districts and ERDC. Plans consist of either a successfully demonstrated and documented at comprehensive detailed survey to verify post- J.T. Myers Locks and Dams will provide construction conditions on a one-time basis, or a valuable design guidance for rehabilitation of repetitive collection of field data. The intensive data existing navigation lock walls. Study are analyzed and the results compared with pre- completed. construction predictions to verify or upgrade existing design guidance for minimizing O&M cost and ensuring maximum project benefits. The analyses

42-17 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS FOR FY 2010

John Day Lock and Dam, OR: Published evaluated within the context of historical final Technical Report that includes channel dimensions, dredging, and placement recommendations for flood bay releases and data; present-day measurements of channel power plant discharges under various river cross-sections before and after dredging; and stages to minimize hazardous navigation numerical modeling of future shoaling and currents. Such knowledge is applicable to structure efficiency with forecasted increase other similar lock and dams on the Lower in relative sea level. Study is investigating Columbia River and Lower Snake River whether jetties should be sand-tightened. Study complete. The Beneficial Use Berm is being evaluated to determine if sand placed in the Berm Great Lakes Armor Stone Deterioration nourishes the adjacent beaches or contributes Study at Burns Harbor, IN, Cleveland to channel shoaling. Vessel wake and Harbor, OH; and Keweenaw Waterway, turbulence are being incorporated into the MI: Conducted three rounds of field analyses. monitoring of deterioration of scales-size test Index Stones at each of the three field sites. Marmet Locks and Dam, WV: Intake and Completed laboratory testing of Burns discharge through upper and lower miter gates Harbor Index Stone samples. Continued is being evaluated with respect to potential to analyzing and processing field data from the draw a tow towards the upper miter gate while three sites. Continued development and filling, and turbulence created in lower refinements of numerical model of stone approach while waiting to lock up-bound. degradation based on laboratory and field Through-the-sill intake may be prone to drift results. and require periodic cleaning, and will be monitored. Erosion at the radial transitions of Periodic Inspections: Continued as a the culvert tunnel is being evaluated. Unique significant partner in the National Coastal Stoney gate valves are being monitored for Mapping Program by collecting coastal forces and vibrations for application structure topographic LiDAR data and consideration at other locks. New upper guide incorporating into the National Coastal wall provides an impact surface for barge Structure Database. Completed analysis of tows, allowing them to align with the new the West Coast structure data. Incorporated lock. Guide wall are being evaluated for West Coast data into Enterprise Coastal durability and sustainability due to repeated Inventory Database (ECID). Surveyed impact forces on the wall. Alaska coastal structure. Published West Coast Periodic Inspections final Technical National Coastal Mapping Program Report. Publish peer-reviewed journal paper on Periodic Inspections. The National Coastal Mapping Program (NCMP) is designed to provide high-resolution bathymetry, Montgomery Point Lock and Dam, AR: topography, and imagery data to support regional This study is exceedingly important because sediment management in the USACE. NCMP is the similar flap gate designs are under only federal coastal mapping program that operates consideration for Upper Mississippi and Ohio regionally on a recurring basis. Regional operations River lock modifications. Procured and allow for a synoptic characterization of the physical installed monitoring equipment for and environmental properties of the shoreline. continuous measurement of forces on flap Recurring operations provide repeat datasets for each gate hinges. Obtained leakage data around stretch of coast so that changes can be measured over and between the flap gates. Analyzed total time. NCMP is executed by the Joint Airborne Lidar load data on flap gates, and leakage data Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise is a Joint around the flap gates. Correlated river stages Center with the USACE, the Naval Meteorology and with sedimentation and bathymetry changes Oceanography Command’s Naval Oceanographic in vicinity of lock and around flap gates. Office, and NOAA’s National Ocean Service.

Galveston Ship Channel, TX: Contributions NCMP data, while regional in spatial scale, are to channel shoaling are being evaluated accurate enough to support engineering plans and within a framework of field data collection. specifications, volume computations, and fine-scale Past and present conditions are being hydrodynamic modeling. These data support project

42-18 U.S. ARMY ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER management in 5 USACE business lines: navigation, Produced numerous technical papers, such flood and coastal, environmental stewardship, as “Post-Katrina land-cover, elevation, and emergency management, and regulatory; but, most volume change assessment along the south importantly, they provide a regional context for shore of Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana, project management so that sediments and other U.S.A.,” which will be published in the valuable natural resources may be managed at a Journal of Coastal Research. systems scale. NCMP delivers not only elevation and As of December 2010, over 8,565 individual imagery data, but GIS information products derived downloads of the Corps’ National Coastal from them including: bathy/topo DEMs, bare earth Mapping Program LIDAR data have been bathy/topo DEMs, aerial photo mosaics, made, totaling 375 billion data points. This hyperspectral imagery mosaics, a shoreline vector, is accomplished through the NOAA Coastal laser reflectance images of the land and seafloor, and Services Center’s Digital Coast. a basic landcover classification. Completed Eleventh Annual Coastal Mapping & Charting Technical Workshop Since its inception in 2004, NCMP has mapped in Mobile, AL, to coordinate with federal, the West Coast and Great Lakes shorelines once, and state, industry, academia and international the Gulf and East Coasts twice during routine experts in related technologies. The mapping operations. Areas on the Gulf and East workshop included 24 technical Coasts have been mapped up to four times when presentations over 2 days. Over 130 hurricane response mapping is included in the count. participants from government, academia, NCMP data and products from all of these mapping and industry represented 8 countries, 7 efforts are archived at NOAA’s National Geophysical federal government agencies, 3 foreign Data Center, made available to the public through government agencies, 12 universities, 2 NOAA’s Digital Coast and the USGS Hazard Data local agencies, and 21 companies. Distribution System, and support USACE regional Implemented Coastal Zone Mapping and sediment management; USACE coastal restoration Imaging Lidar (CZMIL) software into activities in MS and LA; ecosystem activities in the NCMP operations, and accepted detailed EPA and TNC; FEMA RiskMap modeling efforts; design of CZMIL hardware. CZMIL is the USGS coastal and marine geology and extreme storm third-generation airborne coastal mapping studies; NOAA nautical chart production; and and charting system being developed shoreline management, environmental permitting, through the Joint Center partnership. emergency management, marine spatial planning, and Contributed to activities of the Interagency planning for resilient communities by federal, state, Working Group on Ocean and Coastal and local agencies throughout the U.S. Mapping strategic planning workshop and plan document. Accomplishments in FY 2010 include: Contributed to the Gulf of Mexico Alliance by leading the Gulf of Mexico Mapping Conducted National Coastal Mapping Plan activity. Program operations for the Corps in Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Regional Sediment Management Program Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, Regional Sediment Management (RSM), coastal New York, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and watershed management of the sediment, applies New Hampshire, Maine, Washington, to all Civil Works programs through planning, Oregon, and California. design, construction, operation, maintenance, Acquired a fourth post-Katrina topographic restoration, rehabilitation, and regulatory activities. lidar and hyperspectral imagery data set in This encourages opportunities for enhancing the the New Orleans vicinity for development of O&M of existing projects, the long-term change analysis routines fusing lidar and effectiveness of existing projects, and the spectral imagery. management of ecosystem resources. In addition, Developed new capabilities to analyze RSM facilitates the regional integration of the Civil NCMP data for quantification of shoreline, Works business programs into the identification and volume, and landscape change, which will development of new Corps initiatives. identify vulnerable coastal areas, and manage coastal navigation projects in a regional sediment budget context.

42-19 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS FOR FY 2010

The RSM Program’s goals are to link the Initiated development of a regional sediment management of authorized Corps projects with one budget for the coast of Long Island another, particularly across District/Division including an inventory of existing sediment boundaries, and to leverage data collection and borrow areas and development of a shoreline management activities with other federal monitoring plan to manage offshore borrow agencies and state and local governments within the areas. The purpose of the regional sediment limits of a regional watershed system (including budget is to make more effective uses of uplands, rivers, estuaries and bays, and the coast). sediments from inlets and other sources, The purpose of the Program is to demonstrate short- enhance environmental habitat, improve the and long-term cost savings and increased economic collection and dissemination of data about and environmental benefits of maintaining sediments the movement of sediment, facilitate within their regional system, and of using sediments cooperation among Federal and non-federal to sustain a balanced environment. interests, and assure the most effective use of taxpayer funds. Accomplishments in FY 2010 include: A sediment transport model and a sediment Initiated regional sediment management budget were developed for Morehead City investigations of the region from Diamond Harbor and the Bogue Banks in North Head to Pearl Harbor (Oahu), Kekaha Carolina. Coastal process modeling (Kauai) and Kihei/Kahului (Maui). Issues including ADCIRC and STWAVE were associated with stream sediments were used to develop a detailed sediment budget investigated to identify best management along Shackelford Banks and Bogue Banks practices to optimize use of the material. across three tidal inlets. Initiated Benefits associated with the implementation development of an operational sediment of RSM efforts from Diamond Head to Pearl budget utilizing CASCADE morphologic Harbor (D2P) are many fold. Quantification evolution modeling. of sediment resources and pathways in the region inform engineering design guidance Initiated development of a regional sediment necessary to restore vital beach resources budget and sediment yield assessment for and conduct Federal maintenance dredging the Niobrara River Basin, Nebraska and in the most cost effective way. South Dakota. The sediment budget Investigations of sediment management identifies the various sources of sediment practices at stream mouths ensure that the and identifies contributions from various associated beach quality material is placed sources that are changing over time and back into the littoral system in an effective evaluates the impacts of basin-wide and efficient manner. The beneficial use of sediment management practices on the main dredged material from the ports and harbors stem of the Niobrara River. The sediment on Oahu has been investigated to maximize budget will be used to implement sediment beach placement of the beach quality portion management actions to reduce impacts to of the sediment. Lewis and Clark Lake and will serve as a model for regional sediment management Developed a conceptual sediment budget for measures elsewhere in the Missouri River the lower Mississippi River System and Basin. coastal Louisiana. The conceptual sediment budget is a qualitative model providing a Performed initial drawdown test and regional perspective for coastal, estuarine, conducted sediment transport modeling of and riverine processes, incorporating natural the lower Green River and areas near morphologic indicators of net (and gross) Howard Hanson Dam. The goal of the sediment transport. This conceptual budget project is to predict regional redistribution of represents the best understanding of sediments and environmental benefits and sediment sources, sinks, and pathways impacts due to reservoir draw downs. The within the Louisiana regional system, and data collected during the drawdown will be identifies areas with overlapping and used to assess the potential impacts of conflicting data and therefore can be applied increased sediment releases on water supply, to direct future analysis and data collection.

42-20 U.S. ARMY ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER in stream water quality, fisheries and navigation projects, and developing a means riparian habitats. of rapid dissemination of information from the study to all interested parties, including Completed the Southeast Atlantic Regional governmental planning, engineering and Sediment Source Study for Florida covering regulatory agencies, and others interested in Miami-Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach the south coast of RI. One of the most Counties. Categorized potential offshore significant products of this work will be a sand source reserves as Proven, Potential, sediment budget for the overall system so and Unverified based upon the level of data that informed management decisions can be availability and certainty/uncertainty of made given existing sediment sources. analysis. These reports compile existing information from SAJ’s regional sediment Performed wave analysis and sediment budget documents and other literature in tracer study for offshore placement berm at order to evaluate the sustainability of current the South Jetty, mouth of the Columbia shore protection practices given known River to evaluate the fate of material in borrow area capacities. These will be potential beneficial use site for Columbia important tools to demonstrate to River dredge material. stakeholders the need for better management of sediment by employing RSM principles. Water Operations Technical Support

The Water Operations Technical Support The Norfolk District coordinated with (WOTS) Program is funded out of the Operation & Mathews County, VA and the Maintenance appropriation. The WOTS Program Commonwealth of VA for the lower provides for the effective transfer of environmental Chesapeake Bay, with a particular focus on and engineering technology to address water the New Point Comfort area. Objectives are resources environmental problems at USACE to: 1) construct a sediment budget for the reservoir and waterway projects, and in river systems area and, 2) to investigate utilizing dredge affected by project operations nationwide. WOTS is material from several local/adjacent federal managed as a comprehensive centralized program navigation channels innovatively to address that will maximize cost effectiveness and ensure shoreline conditions along the western broad dissemination and implementation of shorelines of the Chesapeake Bay. With technology and information. Maintaining the federal navigation projects located environmental and water management conditions at throughout the area, there exists a need to 562 reservoirs (5,500,000 surface acres), provide and maintain adequate channel 237 navigation locks, 926 harbors, 75 hydropower depths combined with the need to address projects, and 25,000 miles of inland and coastal shoreline erosion and storm damage waterways impacted by the operation of Corps reduction needs while recognizing the needs projects requires compliance with numerous statutes of the environment. and state standards.

Implemented collection of regional datasets The WOTS Program’s direct technical assistance for application of regional numerical models function provides rapid direct technical assistance to and development of a Regional Sediment USACE project offices in applying technology to Budget for the South Coast of Rhode Island. solve water quality and other environmental Efforts included coordination with problems. The technology transfer function is stakeholders, identifying the designed to ensure the effective use of technologies location/quantification of sediment sinks and through the appropriate transfer of information and sources, sediment transport characteristics, techniques using a variety of media. Short-term field the quantification and interpretation of past demonstration efforts for the verification of tools shoreline changes, the establishment and developed through R&D and the application of testing of techniques for assessing shoreline management strategies, techniques, and approaches response to natural forces and human are important WOTS functions. By disseminating activity on local and regional bases, knowledge of new capabilities to field offices, the ecosystem evaluation, sea level rise impacts, WOTS Program will continue to perform a critical enhanced operational practices at Federal

42-21 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS FOR FY 2010 technology transfer role in support of all USACE Scientific and Technical Information Centers water resources. Six information analysis centers located at the Accomplishments in FY 2010 include: ERDC provide the major interface between the Corps and the public and private sectors to gather and Since its inception in FY 1985, WOTS has disseminate information as required by Public Law provided environmental and water quality 99-802, Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986. technological solutions to over 1,600 The function of each center is to acquire, examine, problems identified at projects from every evaluate, summarize, and disseminate newly Corps District. The WOTS program published scientific and technical information annually conducts specialty workshops, generated within the Corps and other activities in the training personnel on the latest United States and abroad. environmental and water quality management techniques; and publishes and The Coastal Engineering Information Analysis distributes numerous copies of manuals, Center focuses on wave data and predictions, shore bulletins, notes, and reports. In FY 2010, processes, inlet dynamics, navigation channels and the WOTS program successfully responded structures, harbors, and coastal construction. The to over 40 direct technical assistance Cold Regions Engineering Information Analysis requests from 20 Corps Districts, conducted Center focuses on ice engineering, meteorology, 4 training workshops on environmental and climatology, geophysics, geology, remote sensing, water quality management techniques, global and climate change, and environmental conducted 2 technology demonstration engineering. The Concrete Technology Information efforts to verify management strategies and Analysis Center focuses on cements, concrete, techniques, and prepared several technical aggregates, concrete construction, concrete repair, publications for distribution to the field. A and rehabilitation technology. The Hydraulic continual endeavor of the WOTS program is Engineering Information Analysis Center focuses on coordination with water quality and hydraulic, hydrologic, water resources, and environmental elements of other Federal sedimentation of streams, rivers, waterways, agencies such as the Environmental reservoirs, and natural impoundments; estuaries, and Protection Agency, U.S. Department of inland and coastal groundwater; fishery systems; and Agriculture, Bureau of Reclamation, Fish hydraulic structures of all types. The Soil Mechanics and Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Information Analysis Center focuses on embankment Survey, Tennessee Valley Authority, and the and foundation engineering, earthquake engineering, Bonneville Power Administration. These engineering geology, and rock mechanics. The efforts have involved problems related to the Environmental Information Analysis Center provides introduction and spread of aquatic invasive a focal point for information related to environmental species, watershed management activities, and engineering science. environmental impacts of hydropower facilities, and impacts of water releases in The information centers critically evaluate and tail water areas on fisheries. summarize the technical validity and merits of published and unpublished research and technical A continual endeavor of the WOTS publications on design, construction, or other Program is coordination with water quality technology utilization. User communities have been and environmental elements of other federal well established and distribution lists for technology agencies such as the Environmental transfer are continuously updated. Electronic media Protection Agency, Tennessee Valley including the Web are used where appropriate. The Authority, Bureau of Reclamation, Fish and effectiveness of activities and services is evaluated on Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Survey, a continuing basis, and technology transfer products and the Bonneville Power Administration. and methodology are revised when appropriate. These efforts have involved watershed management activities, problems related to the introduction and spread of aquatic invasive species, environmental impacts of Accomplishments in FY 2010 include: hydropower facilities, and impacts of water releases in tail water areas on fisheries. The Corps has made wide use of the internet for technology transfer. The Internet is

42-22 U.S. ARMY ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER

widely accessible by both the public and ( 2) a geomorphic assessment of the entire lower private sectors and provides rapid transfer, Mississippi River south of Belle Chase; ( 3) decadal, at significant cost savings, of technical data, regional scale modeling for the entire lower general information on ongoing studies, Mississippi River down to and including the technical notes, and ultimately technical Southwest Pass, using an enhanced version of the reports. Several thousand technical inquires existing 1-D HEC-6T regional model; (4) a are received annually, with the internet hydrograph length (6-month), 2-D depth-averaged playing a major role in answering those modeling effort using the AdH hydrodynamic model inquires. Inquires are received from Federal, coupled to the SEDLIB sediment transport library state, and local government activities, (both recent products from the System Wide Water universities, private sector engineers and Resources Research Program); and (5) a multi-day, scientists, and citizens. Responses ranged high flow modeling effort conducted using the 3-D from furnishing a copy of a report, arranging CH3D-SED sediment transport model. to speak with an expert, furnishing generalized technical advice, or giving The combined analyses have yielded a conceptual updates on technical developments. The model of sand transport patterns in the study area. Centers also digitized older ERDC research The geomorphic assessment indicated that the reports of significant technical value and anchorage area rests along the face of a point bar, placed them on the internet for access by the which has been growing for several decades prior to public. establishment of the West Bay Diversion. The field data collection effort has shown that as much as 45% of the measured discharge is captured by 4 major diversions located just upstream of the head of CUSTOMER SUPPORT passes. West Bay is one of them; it diverts 7% of the flow. Diversion of water by this series of passes Increasingly, ERDC expertise and products results in loss of transporting power that is sufficient developed in R&D programs are being requested to to induce the deposition of most sandy sediment solve challenges in critical areas of concern. carried by the river. The growth of the point bar is Following are a few examples of the many projects attributed to several factors, one of which is the West the ERDC conducts for its many customers, listed by Bay Diversion. The combined modeling analyses ERDC laboratory. indicated that West Bay Diversion, the most recently formed of the passes is responsible for 20-40% of the Reimbursable highlights from Coastal and deposition in the combined footprint of the anchorage Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL) area and adjacent navigation channel. The investigation is continuing to identify the induced- Lower Mississippi River West Bay Diversion shoaling percentage more precisely and to acquire Modeling and Measurement Program. There is better understanding of the relationship between considerable interest in using large-scale water and induced shoaling and the antecedent flow, sediment sediment diversions to stem the loss of wetlands in and morphology conditions in the lower River. coastal Louisiana. Flow diversions are known to have the potential to induce downstream shoaling. CHL and ERDC assistance to Huntington District Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory staff performed a Bluestone Dam Investigations. A 1:65 general comprehensive investigation to examine whether or model study was conducted to provide the District not the West Bay Diversion, which was constructed with information used to determine the additional in 2003, is inducing shoaling in the adjacent head required to pass the probable maximum flood anchorage area and in the navigation channel of the (PMF). Information from the study included lower Mississippi River. And if shoaling is induced, additional head requirements and hydraulic forces on study objectives were to understand how it does so the energy dissipation features of the structure and quantify the magnitude of the effect. (aprons, baffle blocks and end sills for the spillway stilling basin and the stilling weir basin) and led to The study involved several components or tasks, placement of a training wall to prevent possible which together were designed to shed light on this abutment erosion (and dam failure) on the left bank. issue and facilitate both qualitative and quantitative Recently, structural analysis conducted by the analyses. These tasks included: (1) a comprehensive District identified threats to the structural integrity flow and sediment field data collection effort that due to tailrace erosion. As a result, the penstock was performed in the spring and summer of 2009; study, conducted by CHL, was begun to design an

42-23 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS FOR FY 2010 energy dissipation feature downstream of the responsible for the development of the metalizing penstock area to prevent erosion for flows up to and guide specification (UFGS 099701) and the Paint including the PMF. Discharge through the penstocks Manual (EM-1110-2-3400). The PTC currently will be needed for interim flows while the spillway responds to an average of 800 calls and e-mail modifications are under construction and afterwards inquires per year from government interests as well to pass the PMF. The work provided energy as from paint manufacturers and contractors dissipation in a "foot print" smaller than needed by regarding paint specification & application, paint standard design procedures requiring innovative testing, training, research, and inspection. The design by the team. The results will allow passage of majority of requests come from COE Civil Works normal river flows through the penstock area during and other Army installations. Paint specification spillway and dam modifications and be essential for compliance testing was performed for COE projects future passage of the probable maximum flood on over 360 paint samples in FY-10. A rejection rate (PMF) flow. A major rehab of the dam is underway of 15% indicates the importance of the testing by the Huntington District to allow for safe program. Training was provided in PROSPECT accommodation of the probable maximum flood courses as well as at on-site schools. Recent research stage. This expedited effort was necessary to provide programs have included fire resistant coatings, the Huntington District with model information cavitation resistant coatings and the application of needed to meet critical prototype design milestones coatings in-situ to sheet pile. and prevent a costly one-year delay in prototype construction. The basin was not a standard design due to prototype constraints and District requirements. Acoustic Measurement of Tension. Research project under Inland Navigation St. Louis District - CHL also conducted a numerical study to collect Reimbursable funds for anchor testing at Kaskaskia current direction and velocity information on the L&D. A nondestructive testing (NDT) method is overbanks. The flow depth in the 1:65 scale models needed to determine the tension in tendons, rods, and prevents accurate measurement of data in this area. other embedded and external steel structural The general model data (within the banks) will be members that are subject to loss of tension. One used in the numerical model (boundary conditions). cause of tension loss is slippage of the grip nuts. The With general model and numerical model data, the fundamental flaw of visual testing and hammer District will have a complete data set for the tailrace testing is that they are trying to determine, via an area. indirect method, whether there has been a loss of tension or the development of corrosion. Jacking, A section model study demonstrated likely scour which can directly measure the tension, is even more downstream of the stilling basin when river flow time consuming, labor intensive and expensive. exceeded the original design discharge Jacking also requires direct access to the anchor and (approximately half of the new PMF discharge). The is not truly nondestructive. The objectives of this District had two rock scour assessments developed. work unit are to develop an acoustic instrument for CHL and GSL provided a technical review of the two quantitatively measuring the tension in both exposed independent scour assessments. and buried post-tensioned steel members. The instrument will be based on the ERDC-CERL patent, U.S. Patent #7,614,303, “Device for Measuring Bulk Reimbursable Highlights from Construction Stress Via Insonification and Method of Use Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL) Therefore.” The product of this research will be an acoustic-based portable instrument for testing tension Paint Technology Center (PTC). The ERDC-CERL of both embedded and exposed steel members. Paint Technology Center (PTC) supports the Corps' The expected benefits of this project are improved painting activities by offering assistance through infrastructure reliability and cost efficiency through research, specification testing, training, consultation, effectively and efficiently determining the condition development of specifications, and the preparation of of critical components as the structure ages. With this manuals and guide specifications. The PTC has been nondestructive testing technology, less testing time designated as a certified Support Center by will be required, and the resulting component Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The evaluation will be more accurate and thorough Center provides Headquarters with the technical compared to conventional methods. input to Corps painting guide specifications for both Corps Districts presently rely on lift-off testing for military facilities (UFGS 099000) and civil works anchor rods. The cost of lift-off testing exceeds NDT structures (UFGS 099702). The Center was testing by a factor of at least ten. The ease and

42-24 U.S. ARMY ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER inexpensiveness of this NDT technology will allow application. Components include a summary screen for more testing and improved structural evaluation. with a project history and related links, a map An improved anchor evaluation instrument will allow interface for viewing geospatial data, reporting and limited maintenance resources to be more data mining tools, and a help section. The NLD will appropriately used. The tension measurement model be the first national comprehensive geospatial was verified in the laboratory. Using this model it is database for critical levee infrastructure in the United now possible to determine quickly and directly if a States. The ERDC National Levee Database Team tainter gate anchor rod has lost tension by measuring has had a broad-reaching impact on operational stress within the rod using a small ultrasonic sensor. support of levees and other flood control systems. Field tests have been conducted. Measurement error The primary impact of the NLD is obtaining a has been low, less than 4%. Unfortunately, using the reliable, comprehensive, and accurate listing of all present acoustic sensors and analytic methods rod national levee infrastructure assets - something that lengths are limited to 45 feet. Mr. Michael has not existed to date. This will provide the baseline McInerney has received the 2010 USACE Researcher for future risk assessments that will be used to of the Year Award for advancing the state of the art determine how levee infrastructure investments are of nondestructive testing (NDT). Mr. McInerney made to ensure public safety. successfully culminated 3 years of research that developed an ultrasonic technique for quantitatively measuring the tension in both exposed and buried USACE National FEMA Project Delivery Team post-tensioned steel members, thereby creating a new (PDT). The Remote Sensing/GIS Center of Expertise capability for ultrasonic NDT. manages the USACE National FEMA PDT. The FEMA PDT began in October 2004 with two primary goals: to provide nationwide support to FEMA for its Reimbursable Highlights from Cold Regions Map Modernization (MapMod) and other hydraulics Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) and hydrology studies, and to provide capacity building to the Hydrology, Hydraulics, and Coastal National Levee Database. The Remote Sensing/GIS Community of Practice. The PDT also facilitates Center of Expertise has been managing the National effective virtual teaming, especially important since Levee Database for HQUSACE as part of the Levee FEMA regional boundaries cross USACE Division Safety Program. Beginning in FY 2006 USACE and District boundaries. The PDT is currently received the mandate to design and assemble a handling approximately $7M in MapMod studies for National Levee Database (NLD). In FY 2007 the FEMA Region III and its partner, Maryland development of the levee database model was Department of the Environment. These projects completed. This data model was coordinated with involve the participation of 21 Districts in six the Federal Emergency Management Agency and Divisions, plus the Remote Sensing/GIS Center of pilot collection was conducted on five Districts (3256 Expertise and the ERDC Coastal and Hydraulics miles of levees). A total of 9800 miles of the Laboratory. In FY 2010 a FEMA Map Modernization approximately 14,000 miles of Corps program levees project for the District of Columbia resulted in new were inventoried by the end of CY 2009. St. Louis flood delineations. This project identified locations District is the USACE lead for all Levee Safety where current floodways could be removed from the Recovery Act activities. In FY 2010, the Remote Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs). Hydraulic Sensing/GIS Center was tasked by St. Louis District encroachment analysis was performed on remaining to develop and expand capabilities of the Levee floodways using updated models from the MapMod Inspection System for use by Architect Engineer study. Based on the model results, the FIRM and contractors conducting levee periodic inspections. Flood Insurance Study (FIS) tables were updated. Additionally, the Center developed companion Similar efforts were also completed in Maryland, software allowing other agencies to contribute Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. The primary geospatial levee data that can be merged with the benefit of this collaborative effort is that flexible Corps levee portfolio. Also in FY 2010, the Center teaming between Districts helps USACE meet worked with Pittsburg District to develop and expand FEMA’s tight time deadlines for MapMod Projects in capabilities in the NLD and its sub components. a manner that allows USACE to build and maintain Major efforts went into the development of a relative core competencies in hydrology, hydraulics, and risk based Levee Screening Tool to screen the coastal engineering within a geospatial framework. USACE's levee portfolio. Geospatial and other FEMA benefits through the involvement of local collected data that are part of the NLD are available USACE Districts with intimate knowledge of past, to project stakeholders through a Web-accessible

42-25 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS FOR FY 2010 present, and future projects impacting flood damage support to reduce overall energy requirements and reduction. environmental impacts throughout the NSF Arctic Program. This work helps the NSF-OPP customer Chena River Basin Flood Modeling. In FY 2010 avoid or resolve potentially dangerous operational CRREL’s Remote Sensing/GIS and Water Resources problems, conduct technical field support and Branch began working with Alaska District to logistics operations more efficiently, and conserve develop a calibrated hydrologic model of the Chena operational funds to extend support of science efforts River Basin near Fairbanks, Alaska. This work in the Arctic. The technical support and research includes development of a probable maximum flood conducted by CRREL enhances the lab’s operations hydrograph for the Chena River Basin. The model and logistics capabilities in extreme and austere will extend from the headwaters of the Chena Basin environments while maintaining and leveraging these to the mouth of the Chena River at the confluence state-of-the-art capabilities for Army and DoD users. with the Tanana River and will include the Moose Creek Dam floodway and floodway control sill. NASA's Lunar Mapping and Modeling Project Chena Lakes is the northernmost flood control (LMMP) requires a web based GIS interface to its project operated by the Corps of Engineers. geospatial products which includes digital elevation Authorized by Congress after a devastating 1967 models, resource, and lighting and gravity maps. This flood, the Chena Lakes Moose Creek Dam and effort will update the current web GIS interface to the associated features protect the interior Alaskan city of Lunar Mapper system so that is can be used for the Fairbanks and adjacent areas, including Fort viewing and analysis of the LMMP data products. Wainwright, from flooding, as well as providing local residents and visitors with recreational opportunities Arctic Observing Network (AON). Deploy ice on nearly 20,000 acres of public land. Scenarios for mass balance buoys as part of the Arctic Observing the hydrologic modeling are being prepared using Network (AON) to examine pan-Arctic changes in engineering judgment and information from relevant the thermodynamic component of the sea ice mass sub-arctic studies. In particular, scenarios will likely balance and create an observational database that can include a decrease in direct runoff due to degradation be widely used to observe, understand, and respond of permafrost within the basin, snowmelt effects, and to Arctic environmental change. increases in runoff due to recent large scale forest fires in the region that could affect the watershed. Design, Simulation and Prototyping of Air and This effort will be completed in FY 2011 and will Soil Warming Systems for Terrestrial Ecosystems. provide an updated hydrologic model of the Chena Conduct a field test to study the feasibility of Basin in Alaska that can be used for near real-time deploying and monitoring an ecosystem warming hydrologic event forecasting. prototype at the U.S. Army Permafrost Research Station, Fairbanks, Alaska operated by CRREL. The Technical Support for NSF Arctic Operations. The purpose of this project is to investigate whether it is Force Projection and Sustainment branch at CRREL physically possible to build an environmental control is providing National Science Foundation’s Office of system that can warm the ground (and near-surface Polar Programs, NSF-OPP, with innovative solutions air temperatures) by 4°C above ambient conditions in for operational, logistics, and construction challenges an Arctic climate and assess the environmental in extreme environments and at remote sites across effects. If the initial test is successful, then a system the Arctic. This work leverages and extends will be built and installed for modeling of long-term CRREL’s long-standing expertise in cold regions changes to soil temperatures, vegetation, soil science, engineering, and technology and polar microbial populations, soil carbon, and soil gases due facilities operation and maintenance. The overall to climate warming. objective of this effort is to support and facilitate the execution of NSF funded field science projects in the Snow Net II. The current Arctic observation network Arctic. The work is conducted in Alaska, Greenland for snow is extremely sparse, and biased toward and other remote Arctic field locations. Major coastal locations and measuring precipitation rather activities include concept development and than snow depth and snow water equivalent (SWE). demonstration of the Greenland Inland Traverse The goal of this project is to rectify significant and (GrIT) from Thule to Site Summit including long-standing deficiencies in the Arctic observing enhancing route safety and route selection options, network for snow. This effort will: (1) engage the development of a working model of the NSF Arctic agencies and groups currently monitoring Arctic Program’s Greenland operations and logistics, and snow to integrate all existing stations into a optimization of infrastructure planning, design and comprehensive network; ( 2) develop a community-

42-26 U.S. ARMY ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER owned Data Portal where all U.S. and Canadian Reimbursable highlights from Environmental Arctic snow measurements and related products can Laboratory (EL) be obtained; ( 3) develop user-friendly tools to be placed on the Data Portal that allow wider and more Evaluation of the Electrical Barrier in the Chicago efficient use of the data; ( 4) continue technological Sanitary and Ship Canal, The Chicago Sanitary and development of several promising tools (which Ship Canal (CSSC) electric barrier is intended to includes Light Detection and Ranging [LiDAR] and prevent movement of invasive species between the rotating ultrasonic sensors) that will support more Mississippi River Basin and Great Lakes. The accurate, less expensive, and more widely distributed Chicago District, in cooperation with the Rock Island measurements of depth, SWE, and winter District, began to organize studies on the precipitation; and (5) ensure that these and other effectiveness of the barrier on Asian carp. Smith- promising technological developments are made Root Electro fishing Company, in cooperation with available to the agencies and groups monitoring snow the Environmental Laboratory, is conducting studies in order to increase network efficiency and coverage. to provide recommendations on the most effective operational guidelines to prevent carp movement into Impact of Changing Seasons on Mining and Oil Lake Michigan while minimizing the electrical Exploration. Essential winter operations in Northern output to achieve power conservation and reduce Alaska and the Northwest Territories of Canada safety issues. Tank and flume studies are ongoing in hinge on predictable seasonal transitions (summer-to- the Aquatic Center, ERDC. To date, researchers winter; winter-to-summer) and cryospheric have documented the susceptibility of juvenile silver conditions, but data indicate the spring thaw comes as and bighead carps to varying voltage gradients. much as 3 weeks earlier than 50 years ago, and lake Results are being used by Chicago District to and river ice break up earlier than before, determine operational parameters of the electrical significantly impacting the seasonal use of winter barrier that provide the greatest level of prevention. transportation infrastructure. These seasonal shifts are already having an adverse impact on minerals and A programmatic research approach was proposed oil/gas activities in the North, with a trickle-down that integrates various research questions and impact on local and Northern economies. No formal institutions involved in the decision-making process economic-based analysis has been done to assess how into a logical framework to address the primary changing seasonal patterns are impacting vital questions on effectiveness and operational settings. industries of the North. This project will determine Of greatest concern now is the dispersal of Asian how changing seasonal patterns are impacting these carp from the Illinois River to Lake Michigan vital industries of the North; determine how through the canal. Effectiveness of the barrier anticipated changes in cryosphere seasonality are depends on two questions: likely to affect such economic performance in the next decade; determine if there are adaptive strategies 1. Can we detect carp accurately in the field? that can reduce the sensitivity of these key industrial 2. Can we operate the barrier so that carp are sectors to future changes. susceptible to its effects and are effectively contained? Ice Mass Balance Buoy Network Coordination with Developing Arctic Modeling and Observing ERDC Environmental Laboratory involvement Capabilities for Long-term Environmental Studies includes providing fish and facilities for testing, (DAMOCLES). An effective and consistent Arctic review of documentation associated with monitoring Ocean observing system to monitor the complex and experimental protocols, collaboration on atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean environment is laboratory studies with Smith-Root, and preparing necessary to better predict change and develop proposals to conduct a risk analysis on impacts to the mitigating technologies. This project contributes to Great Lakes. Considering the urgency of test results, an improved understanding of the Arctic Ocean information from these various studies will be rapidly environment and the design and establishment an disseminated to Chicago District so that informed effective International Arctic Ocean observing decisions can be made from empirical data. system. It will determine and delineate the thermodynamic changes in the mass balance of the Arctic sea ice cover using a system of Ice Mass Balance buoys.

42-27 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS FOR FY 2010

Project Planning, Ecosystem Evaluation, and Reimbursable highlights from Geotechnical and Incremental Cost Analysis for the Proposed Structures Laboratory (GSL) Cottonwood Riparian Community, Missouri National Recreational River--Mitigation for Bald Critical Infrastructure Protection and Resilience Eagle Reasonable and Prudent Measures Research and Development. The goal of the (Yankton, SD). The ERDC Environmental USACE Critical Infrastructure Protection & Laboratory is providing technology and technical Resilience (CIPR) R&D is to achieve a more secure assistance for project planning, model development, and more resilient civil works critical infrastructure and application of a landscape-level cottonwood by enhancing its protection in order to prevent, deter, riparian community model to assess habitat quality or mitigate the effects of manmade incidents and along the Missouri National Recreational River. A improve preparedness, response, and rapid recovery critical component of the cottonwood riparian in the event of an attack, natural disaster, and other community model is the integration of bald eagle emergencies. Multiple projects are funded within the habitat and cottonwood regeneration concerns as it CIPR R&D program to study the effects of relates to compliance with the Biological Opinion on explosives on major dam components. In FY 2011 the Missouri River. This work is building on the the following areas were being studied: (1) explosive results of work completed in FY03-04. damage to embankment dams, (2) mitigation Environmental Laboratory is deploying the most concepts for embankments, (3) explosive damage to advanced tools and technology to perform this work, gravity dams, and (4) innovative lock wall materials. namely applying the USACE Habitat Evaluation and Studies of explosive damage included work areas in Assessment Tools and the USACE cost evaluation both scale-model testing and the development of package (IWR-Plan) to the study. state-of-the-art numerical models. Recently USACE has developed numerical analysis techniques to the Evaluation of Metals Release from Oxidation of level where they can be considered prediction tools Fly Ash during Dredging of the Emory River, TN. for explosive attack scenarios against embankment The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is expected dams. Recent work directed at gravity dams has to spend over $1 billion on the clean up and greatly improved the ability to estimate damage restoration of the Emory River, TN. ERDC caused by explosive devices. Numerical model Environmental Laboratory's data is a significant simulations of thousands of explosive attack contribution to the understanding of contaminant scenarios against gravity dams have been conducted. releases from the ash released into the river. USACE is also developing fast-running engineering tools that take advantage of the improved Fly ash was released to the Emery River, TN, understanding of blast damage effects. The Anti- from the Tennessee Valley Authority Kingston Fossil Terrorist Planner for Dams (ATPlanner-Dams) is a Plant (EPA 2009; TVA 2009). The total software tool being jointly developed by USACE and environmental cleanup of this spill will most likely the Department of Homeland Security to facilitate result in the removal of over 5 million cubic yards of blast damage estimation. ATPlanner-Dams are being fly ash from the river and surrounding areas, as well used in pilot studies to refine a portfolio-wide risk as focused efforts for ecosystem restoration. The assessment methodology. The CIPR R&D has been impact of this release on the river ecosystem is key in developing an improved understanding of risk currently unknown, yet expected to be controlled by and blast mitigation for the dams sector. the dispersion and dissolution chemistry of contaminants originating from the fly ash. This Technical Support for Tunnel Detection investigation described studies designed to Technology. The Department of Defense (DOD) characterize and quantify the short-term and long- and Department of Homeland Security (DHS) are co- term geochemical and biological impacts of this fly sponsoring the Rapid Reaction Tunnel Detection ash spill on the Emery River ecosystem. (R2TD) Joint Capability Technology Demonstration (JCTD) for FY 2010-2012. R2TD is the first DHS- As a result of this study, ERDC Environmental DOD interagency JCTD and will provide the Laboratory demonstrated the minimal release of overarching guidance and strategic direction to both metals from ash released in the river. This reduces DOD and DHS to effect an enduring capability to the amount of fly ash that will be removed from the detect, precisely locate, exploit, and remediate river, reducing cleanup costs and providing assurance clandestine, purpose-built tunnels illegally entering of environmental protection. the United States and on foreign battlefields. Preparations included site work at Yuma Proving Ground for the first R2TD technology demonstration

42-28 U.S. ARMY ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER as well as benchmarking the suite of passive tunnel stress. Then the drained shear test is started, which detection sensors. requires slowly shearing the clay specimen over a period of about one (1) week. As part of this testing Infrastructure Protection Blast Analysis and program the following index tests will also be Protective Measures. The Geotechnical and performed: ASTM liquid limit (LL), USACE Structures Laboratory conduct infrastructure blast blenderized-based LL, plastic limit (PL), and mitigation research sponsored by the U.S. hydrometer-based soil distribution. ERDC-GSL will Department of Homeland Security. Specifically, the perform additional laboratory tests as needed to types of infrastructure being considered include explain why the Dallas Trinity clay FSS’s either do cable-stayed bridges, embankment dams and levees, or do not agree with generalized published and underwater transportation tunnels. In addition, correlations. Additional laboratory tests include: the effects of under-water explosions on structural Swell tests, triaxial (or direct shear) undrained components are being investigated. Also, strength tests, consolidation tests, and X-ray characteristics of advanced materials for resisting the diffraction (XRD) tests. The swell and conventional effects of extreme loadings are being studied. For all consolidation tests will verify the potential for swell investigations, vulnerabilities of the structures are effects and related softening strength potential. The being identified and mitigation strategies/techniques XRD testing will provide clay mineralogy and other are being developed. Significant progress has been potential swell indices. Five and one-half (5 ½) accomplished. Mitigation solutions for protecting months will be required to fully complete the FSS bridge cables and tower walls have been developed. testing program. ERDC-GSL will be evaluating and Cratering effects of vehicle and waterborne sharing results as tests are completed and analyzed. improvised explosive devices (IED) on earthen To maintain quality assurance, an outside group will embankments and levees have been identified. An perform ring shear FSS testing at five confinement internal (inside tunnel) mitigation technique has been stress levels using one clay type from the 21 clay developed for underwater tunnels and is undergoing groups. All test data will be evaluated and compared further evaluation. The response of steel gate-type to published correlations and data from other USACE structures to unique characteristics of under-water projects with similar clays. At the end of the task, explosions has been identified. Efforts will continue non-linear FSS relationships will be verified and to transfer appropriate knowledge to the engineering assigned to the Trinity levee sections and the design community and to further evaluate corresponding foundation stiff clays and shales. vulnerabilities and mitigation solutions for various IED threats. Major collaborators/partners or support organizations contributing to this research include: FHWA Infrastructure Security. FHWA's multi- Federal Highway Administration, HNTB, Inc.; year infrastructure security research program is the University of Missouri; University of Texas, , USBR, context for this collaborative partnership. The major Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Weidlinger goal of this particular five-year program is to Associates, Naval Surface Warfare Center, significantly increase the resistance of structural Dynaflow, Inc, and Lawrence Livermore National components and systems to destruction by specified Laboratory, Georgia Tech University, Sandia attack methods. The specific objectives of this work National Laboratory, and Oak Ridge National are to: (1) Verify and calibrate analytical predictions Laboratory.. of the behavior of bridges, and individual components, subjected to attack under specific Dallas Trinity Floodway Project. ERDC-GSL has methods and magnitudes; (2) Verify the predicted been tasked to perform fully softened strength (FSS) performance of currently-used or proposed mitigation testing of the Trinity levee (and foundation) stiff measures; (3) Analyze and evaluate new concepts clays (and shales) using direct shear equipment. and materials for mitigation; and (4) Develop new Approximately 105 drained direct shear tests will be retrofits and bridge component designs and verify performed on 21 clay groups consisting of numerous their performance. The priority component types for liquid limits (LL) and clay fraction sub groups, and this research are: (1) Suspension Bridge Towers; (2) all in a fully softened condition. Each group will be Suspension Bridge Main Cables; (3) Suspenders; (4) tested at five (5) confinement stress levels. The final Steel Girders with Open Interior Access; (5) Steel 21 clay groups will be verified using ERDC-GSL Truss Joints; (6) Concrete Viaduct Piers; and (7) indexing tests to ensure that the groups properly Components repeatedly identified in site risk analysis represent the range of FSS issue clays for the Trinity as critical. Research will also be performed to assess levee system. Each individual FSS test sample will be both retrofit materials and retrofit designs for initially consolidated under the specified confinement protection of these components

42-29 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS FOR FY 2010

than 80,000 dams in the U.S. was collected from 50 states and 18 federal offices. The NID includes Reimbursable highlights from Topographic structural information such as dam height and storage Engineering Center (TEC) as well as inspection and location information. New for the FY 2008-2009 data collection is the condition Inland Electronic Navigational Charts (IENC). assessment field. Based on the most recent This effort provides the Corps’ Electronic inspection, dam regulators assign a condition code of Navigational Chart data for all inland waterways and satisfactory, fair, poor, or unsatisfactory. In FY other federal navigation channels maintained by the 2009, the NID web site was remodeled and integrated Corps. On inland waterways, the Corps collects into the CorpsMap suite of web sites. A new security accurate survey and mapping data in support of restriction was placed on the information and users of waterway maintenance and construction activities, the NID are required to have an account to access the which is also used to produce Inland Electronic database. Users without an account can view charts, Navigation Charts (IENC) that are available to users graphs, and maps of the NID by state or the entire of the waterways. Outreach efforts include meetings nation. The NID is utilized by USACE, FEMA, with various river pilot organizations and the U.S. DHS, and national oversight organizations such as Power Squadron to ensure products are reaching and the National Dam Safety Review Board to help satisfying the customers for whom they are intended. determine national dam safety policies. Exhibit booths of IENC products were displayed at major conventions such as the ESRI International Users Conference in San Diego and the International Workboat Show in New Orleans.

National Datum: Vertical Control Project Delivery Team. The Vertical Project Delivery Team is part of the Action for Change Theme 1 initiative to implement the lessons learned from Hurricane Katrina. ERDC leads a team of members from HQUSACE, Districts, academia, and several groups within NOAA to implement a nationwide datum and subsidence standard methodology for the Corps, initiate and populate the database, provide and update guidance manuals containing references to elevations and datums, develop certification process and provide training to reach certification, and develop standard methodology for updating geodetic and water level information within projects. This effort was initiated in FY 2007 and is planned to continue through FY 2012.

National Inventory of Dams (NID). The Topographic Engineering Center (TEC) manages the National Inventory of Dams for HQUSACE as part of the USACE Dam Safety Program. The NID includes all high and significant hazard potential classification dams and all low hazard potential classification dams that meet specific height and reservoir storage requirements. More than 86 percent of the dams contained in the NID are regulated by the 50 State Dam Safety Offices. Beginning in FY99 with the first publication of the NID on the Internet and continuing with biennial updates to the NID database and various improvements to the web site, TEC has managed the collection and publication of the NID. In FY 2008-2009, information on more

42-30 INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES

BACKGROUND (USGS). The FLC and NIWR provides USACE with the framework for developing technology transfer The U.S. Army Engineer Institute for Water Resources strategies and opportunities by promoting and (IWR) is a field operating activity under the staff facilitating technical cooperation in cooperation with supervision of the Deputy Commanding General for Corps Districts and Expertise Centers and among Civil and Emergency Operations and the Director of federal laboratories, industry, academia, and state and Civil Works, Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of local governments. Engineers (HQUSACE). The Institute is the USACE knowledge center for integrated water resources management (IWRM), and is specifically recognized IWR CENTERS as a national expertise center for planning methods, risk analysis, hydrologic engineering, conflict IWR has offices at five locations, each of which is a resolution and public participation, international water USACE designated center of expertise (DX): the resources, global climate change science, and the National Capital Region (NCR) and Navigation Data collection, management and dissemination of Civil Center (NDC) offices in the Casey Building at the Works and navigation information, including the Humphreys Engineer Center, Alexandria, Virginia; the Nation‘s waterborne commerce data. Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC) in Davis, California; the Waterborne Commerce Statistics IWR was established by the USACE Chief of Center (a unit of the Navigation Data Center) in New Engineers in 1969 with the approval of the House and Orleans, Louisiana and the Risk Management Center Senate Appropriations Committees and the (RMC) which has offices in Denver, Colorado and Subcommittees on Public Works in order ―to enhance Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. the capability of the Corps of Engineers to develop and manage the Nation‘s water resources, within the scope The Risk Management Center (RMC) is IWR‘s newest of the Corps‘ responsibilities, by developing essential remote center, established in 2009 and specializing in improvements in planning to be responsive to the providing USACE with a critical mass of engineering changing concerns of our society.‖ expertise in dam and levee safety.

The Institute‘s mission is to facilitate the adaptation of National Capital Region Office: The IWR NCR the Civil Works program to future needs by providing office is the Corps designated center of expertise for the USACE with the capability for developing the development of methods, models, and analytical forward-looking analysis and state-of-the-art tools used for water resources and water systems methodologies. IWR fulfills this mission by planning, investment decision support, conflict supporting the Civil Works Directorate and USACE resolution and public participation, and international Major Subordinate Commands (MSCs) and District water resources. IWR fulfills this mission through a offices by providing: (a) analysis of emerging water synergy of water resources planning and socio- resources trends and issues; (b) state-of-the-art economic expertise that blends practice with research, planning, hydrologic engineering and risk assessment policy development and information. IWR planners, methods, models, training, and custom applications; economists, social scientists, civil engineers and and (c) national data management of results-oriented specialists in the physical sciences lead Civil Works program and project information across Civil Works strategic planning and technology transfer initiatives; business lines. conduct national and focused policy development studies; develop a broad range of partnering and The Institute is a member of the Federal Laboratory investment decision-support techniques, methods and Consortium for Technology Transfer (FLC), a models for integrated water resources management and nationwide network of over 250 federal institutions navigation system applications; interact with national chartered by the Federal Technology Transfer Act of and international members of the water resources 1986. IWR also has a cooperative relationship with community, and partner with the HQUSACE, Corps the National Institutes for Water Resources (NIWR), field offices and laboratories in solving complex which represents fifty-four State and U.S. territorial technical water resources planning and evaluation university-based water centers through the U.S. problems. In particular, the Institute provides a critical Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey mass of socio-economic expertise within the Corps

43-1 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010 and serves as the residence for the USACE Chief additional goal is to provide leadership for improving Economist position, which is responsible for the the state of the art in hydrologic engineering and leadership of the Corps Economics Community of analytical methods for water resources planning. Practice (CoP). Program efforts in research, training, planning analysis and technical assistance raise awareness of IWR also provides a cadre of international water the problems and needs of the Corps and the Nation. specialists who lead the USACE‘s engagement in HEC is committed to keeping abreast of the latest water resources partnerships around the globe. In developments throughout the water resources 2007 IWR expanded its collaborative partnerships engineering profession and to make use of this when it established the International Center for information in a manner best suited to the needs of Integrated Water Resources Management the USACE nationally and internationally. HEC (ICIWaRM). In February 2008, USACE IWR, increases the effectiveness of the Corps and the through ICIWaRM, was nominated by the U.S. profession by bridging the gap between the academic Government to be a UNESCO Category II Water community and practicing hydrologic engineers and Centre, working in collaboration with key university, planning professionals. HEC ground-tests and federal agency and non-governmental partners incorporates state-of-the-art procedures and sharing an interest in the advancement of the science techniques into manuals and comprehensive and practice of integrated water resources computer programs. The procedures are made management. In June 2008, ICIWaRM‘s nomination available to the USACE, United States government as an international water center was endorsed by the and international professionals through an effective governing body of UNESCO‘s International technology transfer system of technical assistance, Hydrological Programme (IHP), and in September publications and training. Technical specialty areas 2009 the nomination of ICIWaRM was endorsed by addressed by HEC include: precipitation runoff the UNESCO Executive Board. The nomination was processes, reservoir regulation, reservoir systems approved by all 193 member states at the UNESCO analysis, hydrologic statistics and risk analysis, river General Conference in Paris in October 2009. hydraulics and sediment transport, environmental Official designation as a UNESCO Category II flows, groundwater hydrology, water quality and Centre took place at a ceremony at UNESCO analytical aspects of water resources planning. Headquarters in New York City on October 29, 2009. Application areas include: flood risk management, real-time water control, water control management, Also residing at IWR‘s NCR office is the Center of hydroelectric power, navigation, erosion control, Expertise in Conflict Resolution and Public water supply, watershed studies and ecosystem Participation (CPC) which focuses on the processes restoration. Additional information about HEC and associated with conflict resolution and the integration its software is available on its web site at of public participation techniques with decision www.hec.usace.army.mil. support and technical modeling (Computer Assisted Dispute Resolution - CADRe). The Institute has Navigation Data Center (NDC): NDC is the Corps pioneered the development and advancement of one designated center of expertise for the management of such CADRe approach known as Shared Vision infrastructure utilization and performance information Planning (SVP), and in 2010 IWR was actively for U.S. waterways and port and harbor channels. involved in supporting USACE MSC‘s and district Because of the integrated nature of water resources, offices, the International Joint Commission (IJC), and NDC also directly supports a range of related Civil a host of State and local governments on the Works business areas, including hydropower, application of SVP as a means to address water recreation, environmental compliance, environmental resources problems across the nation. stewardship, water supply, regulatory and homeland security, as well as other Federal, state and local Additional information about IWR and its individual agencies and the private sector. The primary organizational units can be found at its web site at operational arm of NDC is the Waterborne Commerce www.iwr.usace.army.mil. Statistics Center (WCSC), which provides one-stop capability for national navigation information systems. Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC): The NDC also provides integrated business information in primary goal of HEC from its inception in 1965 has support of Corps decision-making including financial been to support the Nation in its water resources output, performance measurements and performance- management responsibilities by increasing the Corps based budgeting processes. Additional information technical capability in hydrologic engineering and about NDC is available on its web site at water resources planning and management. An www.ndc.iwr.usace.army.mil.

43-2

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES

Conflict Resolution and Public Participation The objectives of ICIWaRM are focused on its Center (CPC): To assist the Corps in implementing principal purpose – to develop, promote and infuse a collaborative approach to executing its water sound practices for integrated water resources resources missions, in 2008, the Corps created the management around the globe. They include: Conflict-Resolution and Public-Participation Center to serve as a center of expertise and a directory of To contribute to the development and advocacy of expertise. CPC‘s mission is to help Corps staff IWRM principles and best management practices, anticipate, prevent, and manage water conflicts, focusing on issues of governance (institutional ensuring that the interests of the public are addressed frameworks), engineering, planning, and in Corps decision making. CPC achieves this evaluation; mission by developing and expanding the application of collaborative tools to improve water resources To foster research, technological development, decision making. The CPC is an interdisciplinary and technology transfer, as appropriate, of models team at IWR supplemented by designated Corps and methods that enhance IWRM, and to personnel in each Division working to enable effectively disseminate ―toolkits‖; and, USACE to engage in effective public participation, collaboration, and conflict resolution. The Center To undertake capacity-building efforts in relies on an internal Public Participation Community accordance with Commission/Committee of Practice comprised of over 250 professionals, and guidance and IHP programmes, focusing on supplements internal Corps resources through training for implementing IWRM at both contracts with the private sector and close interaction watershed and national levels, particularly in Latin with specialists from other US Government agencies. American and Africa, and to enhance By focusing on its five goals of consultation services, collaboration among UNESCO centers towards capacity building, information exchange, policy joint problem-solving. support, and research, CPC supports implementation of USACE Campaign Plan Objective 2b ―Deliver The scope of activities to be undertaken by the Center enduring and essential water resource solutions includes: through collaboration with partners and stakeholders‖ and Objective 4b ―Communicate strategically and Focusing on practical science, applied research transparently‖. Collaborative process areas and technology development embodied in the addressed by CPC include: Collaborative process UNESCO-International Hydrological Programme design; Conflict assessment, prevention and (IHP) that can be readily transferred to improve management techniques; and Decision-making IWRM through USACE Civil Works activities for methods. Collaborative modeling support is developing countries; developed through CPC‘s Shared Vision Planning program (www.SharedVisionPlanning.us) and Partnering with, and providing or exchanging includes applications of collaborative simulation and technical support for existing UNESCO-IHP visualization to water planning issues, development programs which serve to implement IHP of best practices for collaborative modeling, and the objectives related to attaining IWRM objectives; use of new technologies in environmental conflict and resolution. Additional information about CPC and its services is available on its web site at Collaborating on joint, applied research, capacity- www.iwr.usace.army.mil/cpc. building and training programs through other UNESCO IHP centers (both category 1 and 2 International Center for Integrated Water centers) and established programs, initially with Resources Management (ICIWaRM) emphasis on the Western Hemisphere (Central America, South America, and the Caribbean) and The mission of the International Center for Integrated Africa. Water Resources Management (ICIWaRM) is the advancement of the science and practice of integrated Risk Management Center (RMC): The newest water resources management (IWRM) to address organizational element of IWR is the Risk water security and other water-related challenges by Management Center (RMC). It is headquartered in regional and global action, through new knowledge, Denver, Colorado, with a satellite office in innovative technologies, collaborative interdisciplinary Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Established in 2009, the scientific research, networking, training, and capacity Risk Management Center is a center of expertise development.

43 -3 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010 designed to improve the technical and policy FY 2010 SUMMARY oversight of infrastructure decisions, serve as an independent advisor to senior leadership, maintain The Institute‘s FY 2010 program continued to and develop risk competencies, and ensure underline IWR‘s status as an essential institutional consistency in processes, application of criteria and asset to USACE, serving as the intellectual foundation decision-making. to the future direction of the Corps Civil Works program and the overarching USACE missions, The mission of the Risk Management Center is to including international water security and support the Civil Works program by providing a communicating the value of the Corps contribution to nationally consistent context for managing and the Nation‘s water resources. The robust mix of assessing risks for dams and levee systems across the planning, policy and engineering initiatives that IWR Corps, to support dam and levee safety activities executed in FY2010 was strategically targeted to throughout the Corps, and to develop policies, anticipate a renewed national emphasis on adaptation methods, tools, and systems to enhance those to climate change, water resources systems (i.e., activities. regional and watershed level planning), the need for stronger collaborative relationships between Federal The goals of the Center are to (1) ensure that risks are and State governments and other stakeholders in managed corporately and reduced in the most solving water resources at the regional scale, and the efficient matter practicable; (2) lead efforts to support 21st century challenge of recapitalizing the Corps aging consistent risk-informed dam and levee decisions portfolio of Civil Works infrastructure. This across the Corps; (3) ensure that consistent processes, contemporary focus on integrated water resource policies, and methods are used across the Corps to management in conjunction with the enactment of the evaluate risks; and (4) lead strategic planning efforts Water Resources Development Act of 2007 (―WRDA for risk management. 2007‖, Public Law 110-114, November 8, 2007), the standup of thirteen Council of Environmental Quality The Center serves as a USACE-wide resource for (CEQ) led interagency working groups on the risk-related tools, assessments, knowledge and adaptation to climate change, and the development of methods. It offers a national perspective as well as CEQ‘s draft Principles and Standards for water supports routine District and MSC dam and levee resources planning provided the foundation for the safety activities. The Center offers services to 2010 Institute‘s program. support dam safety; levee safety; and the Modeling, Mapping, and Consequence Production Center of Overall, in FY 2010 IWR executed a record program Expertise. of approximately $88 million with 178 authorized in- house employees, primarily in professional scientific- The roles of the Center include serving as a Corps- engineering disciplines, with most possessing wide resource for risk-related tools, assessments, advanced degrees. The Institute‘s in-house staff was knowledge, and methods; serving as a technical supplemented by other experts detailed from USACE center of expertise for infrastructure risk management field offices and laboratories, and Intergovernmental and dam and levee engineering; provide a national Personnel (IPA) Act visiting scholars from perspective while working with USACE universities, state and local governments, policy think- Communities of Practices and Districts; supporting tanks, and through contracting with the private sector. routine district and MSC dam safety activities and A major transforming factor was the Institute‘s supporting technical activities relating to dam and corporate focus on recruitment, with over 90 new hires levee safety. (almost one-half of the workforce) made across IWR in 2008-2010, including the hiring of over 40 Information about the services provided by the engineers by the Risk Management Center, and the Center, including about the interaction between the active use of Federal vehicles such as the Presidential Center and other partnering organizations, such as the Management Fellows (PMF) Program, and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, the Federal Energy National Academy of Sciences‘ Research Regulatory Commission; the Association of State Assistantship Program (RAP) to bring on recent post- Dam Safety Officials, the U.S. Society of Dams, and Doctoral graduates as water resources specialists. the Association of Engineering Geologists, is provided at the Institute‘s website: Many of the technical and policy development http://www.iwr.usace.army.mil/rmc/. challenges faced in FY 2010 reflect the continued need to transform Federal water resources programs to emphasize 21st Century perspectives, policies and

43-4

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES approaches in view of the program and policy reforms in the Federal Register on July 1, 2009. IWR ushered through the enactment of the WRDA 2007 staff summarized hundreds of public comments and the ongoing revision of the Water Resources on the CEQ draft. This summary served as a Principles and Standards. In particular, the enactment basis for the Administration‘s efforts to prepare a of a number of WRDA provisions directly shaped revised draft in 2010. IWR staff supported HQ many of IWR‘s FY 2010 activities, illustrated by the and OASA(CW) in analyzing and responding to following examples: various CEQ proposals.

The revised cost-sharing provisions for watershed In anticipation of the upcoming revision to the studies (WRDA 2007, Sec. 2010) served to P&G, IWR completed several planning further align the Civil Works program with methodology initiatives aimed at seamlessly integrated water resources management. To providing USACE field practitioners with new facilitate this alignment, the Institute continued planning reference tools that are aligned with the work on the development of an enterprise wide contemporary water resources principles. These geographic information system (GIS) based include an Economic Primer, the update of Watershed Investment Decision Tool (WIDT), on National Economic Development Manuals for advancements to the Watershed Assessment Tool Coastal Storm Damage Reduction and Deep Draft (HEC-WAT) and the Reservoir Simulation Model Navigation, an Overview NED Manual, (HEC-ResSim), and policy and programmatic handbooks on the consideration and treatment of initiatives to assist USACE districts in applying Other Social Effects and Regional Economic regional sediment management approaches (also Development, a Multi-objective Planning Manual, relevant to WRDA 2007, Sec. 2037). and a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis software module within the IWR Planning Suite Model. The technological advancement of electronically accessible, mission relevant performance data The provisions of WRDA 2007, Section 2034 (WRDA 2007, Sec. 2017) reinforced the concerning Independent External Peer Review importance of the IWR-NDC information (IEPR) resulted in IWR support to HQUSACE in program (OMBIL - Operations & Maintenance scoping new review procedures and requirements, Business Information Link) and OMBIL‘s and the initiation of a new national contracting Regulatory Module (ORM2.0) which was fully vehicle administered by the Institute for procuring deployed to USACE districts. IEPR services on a consistent basis across USASCE; and, The emphasis on international water resources (WRDA 2007, Sec. 2030) affirmed the growing The enactment of the Levee Safety Program importance of U.S goals for international water (WRDA 2007, Title IX), formalized and elevated security and sustainability, and aligned with the role of USACE in national levee safety and IWR‘s status as the U.S. global center for was a motivating factor in HQUSACE‘s approval integrated water resource management under the in 2008 for establishing the Risk Management auspices of UNESCO‘s International Center (RMC) within IWR to provide nationally Hydrological Programme (IHP). IWR was consistent safety assessment tools, approaches and officially designated as a UNESCO global water outcomes for dams, levees, and other engineered center (ICIWaRM) in FY 2010 (October 2009). structures.

The revision and update of the Water Resources IWR 40th Anniversary Celebration Principles and Guidelines (P&G) (WRDA 2007, Sec. 2031) manifested IWR‘s active support to the Fiscal Year 2010 marked the 40th anniversary of the HQUSACE and Office of the Assistant Secretary founding of the Institute in 1969. During FY 2010 of the Army (Civil Works) (OASA(CW)) in the Institute recognized this milestone with a seminar scoping proposed P&G revisions. IWR staff series on subjects that the Institute has focused on composed the bulk of the subject matter experts over its 40 year history and a one day symposium serving on the Corps internal Principles and whose theme was ―IWR 2020: Adapting the Corps Guidelines review team, and assisted the Role to a Changing Environment.‖ OASA(CW) in drafting a proposed revision. The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) The seminar series presentations included the assumed leadership of the activity and published following: a draft revision of the Principles and Guidelines

43 -5 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

―Conflict Resolution and Public of Engineers, Lieutenant General (Retired) Henry J. Participation at IWR and the Corps: A Proud Hatch. LTG Hatch spoke on the subject of the History, An Exciting Future‖ by Dr. Hal current state of water resources, both in the United Cardwell and Dr. Jerry Delli Priscoli States and abroad and discussed those factors affecting water development including the potential ―From Flood Control to Risk Management impacts associated with climate change, economic and What Does Risk Management Really and population growth, increased demand in places Mean?‖ by Dr. Gerry Galloway and Mr. where water is in short supply, and the national Nate Snorteland security implications associated with water resources development. ―A History of the Navigation Data Center‖ by Mr. David Lichy Civil Works Strategic Planning and Future Directions Efforts ―The Evolution of Hydrologic Software Development and the Hydrologic IWR continues to make significant contributions to Engineering Center‖ by Mr. Chris Dunn the ongoing revision of the Army Civil Works Strategic Plan, "Sustainable Solutions to America‟s ―IWR and International Activities‖ by Dr. Water Resources Needs: Civil Works Strategic Plan Jerry Delli Priscoli and Dr. Gene Stahkiv. 2011-2015." The direction for this revision began with the development and analysis of four future The one day symposium was held on April 12, 2010 scenarios, which was followed by a stakeholder at the National Capital Region offices of the Institute outreach. The results of these efforts led to an update at Fort Belvoir, Virginia and included introductory of the strategic plan goals to reflect: 1) assist in remarks by the Assistant Secretary of the Army providing for safe and resilient communities and (Civil Works) Ms. Jo-Ellen Darcy who spoke of the infrastructure; 2) help facilitate commercial history of the Institute and its achievements over the navigation in an environmentally and economically past 40 years and then focused her remarks on the sustainable fashion; 3) restore degraded aquatic future and the continued need for high quality ecosystems and prevent future environmental losses; planning and policy analysis to address future issues 4) implement effective, reliable, and adaptive life- facing water resources development. The Director of cycle performance management of infrastructure; and Civil Works, Mr. Steven Stockton, offered remarks 5) build and sustain a high quality, highly dedicated on the value and contributions of the Institute. workforce.

Four former Institute leaders were inducted into the The Institute‘s Future Directions activities include Institute‘s Gallery of Distinguished Employees: Mr. the identification of emerging water challenges and Kyle Schilling, Director of the Institute from 1990 to opportunities and the engagement of the OASA (CW) 1999; Mr. Arlen D. Feldman, leader of the and USACE senior leaders to stimulate strategic Hydrologic Engineering Center Research Program thinking. IWR employed a variety of approaches in for over 20 years; Mr. Michael R. Krouse, Chief of 2010 to encourage strategic thinking, including the the Planning Methodologies and Decision Support development of papers on innovative water resources Research Program at the Institute; and Mr. Michael concepts, academic research, and senior leader R. Walsh, former Senior Business Manager at the discussions. Institute. During FY 2010, IWR worked with the National Following this ceremony was a panel discussion on Institutes for Water Resources (NIWR) and the US the topic ―IWR 2020: Adapting the Corps Role to a Geological Survey (USGS) to solicit proposals on Changing Environment‖ moderated by Dr. Len applied scholarly investigation related to critical Shabman of the Resources for the Future. Panelists water policy issues. included Dr. John Boland of Johns Hopkins University, Dr. Denise Reed of the University of In a similar initiative, the Future Directions staff has New Orleans, and Dr. Gerry Galloway of the taken a lead role in special topic support to University of Maryland. HQUSACE and on behalf of the OASA(CW) with regard to the collaboration with other Federal Following the symposium, in the evening there was a agencies on Administration initiatives such as climate dinner at Ft. Belvoir celebrating the 40th anniversary change adaptation, energy and water sustainability, of the Institute. The guest speaker was former Chief ecosystem services market development, floodplain

43-6

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES management, urban water renewal, and development reservoirs and other projects in real-time. The of new concepts in critical infrastructure and models will provide short-term hydrologic forecasts infrastructure sustainability through non- (about 1 week) and simulate reservoir operations for governmental organizations such as the American those forecasts to determine the best operations to Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), The maximize the effective use of the reservoirs. CWMS Infrastructure Security Partnership (TISP), and also allows for different ―what-if‖ scenarios, so that Domestic Preparedness (DomPrep). water managers can compare different rainfall forecasts and operational scenarios to evaluate to American Reinvestment and Recovery Activities potential impacts. The models can also be used in Corps planning studies for alternative analyses. In February 2009 the Congress passed and the Watersheds modeled include the Red River of the President signed into law the American Recovery and North, where there has been substantial snow melt Reinvestment Act (Public Law 111-5, dated February flooding in the recent past , the Cumberland and Ohio 17, 2009). The law provided appropriations for the Rivers, site of the floods in Tennessee including purpose of job creation and preservation, Nashville in the spring of 2010, the American and infrastructure investment, increased energy efficiency Santa Ana rivers in California, the Apalachicola, through advancements in science and technology, Chattahoochee and Flint (ACF), as well as several investments in transportation, environmental others. The project was funded with $5.0 million and protection, and other types of infrastructure that will completed on schedule. yield long term economic benefits, and stabilize the fiscal condition of State and local governments. A third Recovery Act initiative, the Climate Change Downscaling Projections Project will produce and In FY 2009 the Institute received approximately distribute a comprehensive library of fine-resolution $10.0 million to carry out Recovery Act related simulations of historical and future climate, for use by activities. A portion of these funds were used to decision-makers who need local/regional-scale climate conduct a comprehensive study for estimating the information. Using two empirical methods that use employment impacts and associated secondary fine-scale observations to add spatial detail to climate economic impacts associated with Recovery Act model results, the project will produce fine-resolution expenditures. The objective of the Economic climate results spanning 1950-2100, based on results Modeling for Estimating Jobs Project was to ensure from the full suite of climate models for use in that USACE provides accurate estimates of local USACE projects that must evaluate climate impacts to employment generation or preservation and project performance and resilience. This library of associated economic measures, including income and fine-resolution climate projections will be distributed sales. The Regional Economic System (RECONS) by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory was developed and a roll-out workshop was held in through the same portal that will distribute IPCC September 2010 for USACE economists and climate model results. The results will thus be planners. This modeling tool automates calculations available to other federal agencies, state and local and generates estimates of jobs and other economic governments, and the general public. measures such as income and sales associated with USACE‘s ARRA spending, annual Civil Works Global Climate Change Science and Responses to program spending, and other applicable economic Climate Change activities resulting from Corps Civil Work programs. This model is currently undergoing an internal review During FY 2010 IWR continued to be heavily process. involved in the U.S. Government‘s efforts in the advancement of global climate change science and the A second Recovery Act initiative, the Accelerated development of policies to address adaptation to global Corps Water Management System Project, was warming. The objectives of the initiative are to conducted through the use of three engineering understand how climate is changing, describe and consulting firms working with the Hydrologic characterize climate impacts to USACE missions, Engineering Center. Using three engineering operations, programs, and projects, and develop consulting firms that had an existing contract with the consistent water resources management adaptation Bonneville Power Authority, 11 major watersheds in policies and approaches throughout USACE Civil 11 District offices were modeled with Works and in partnership with other Federal water hydrologic/hydraulic models within the Corps Water resources agencies. The project will provide Management System (CWMS). These models will recommendations for policy and guidance to prepare allow Corps water managers to better operate for, and respond to, climate change and variability.

43 -7 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

FY 2010 activities of note include the following: Hydrologic Frequency Analysis, and Water Management‖ addressed the concept of The Director of the Institute served along with nonstationarity on hydrologic records, which ASA(CW) and the PDASA(CW) on the Council makes it difficult to project future conditions of Environmental Quality (CEQ) Interagency based on the past record. Dr. Rolf Olsen was the Climate Change Adaptation Task Force; lead of the interagency organizing committee for this workshop, which included national and IWR staff continued supporting the White House international experts and will result in a special Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) and issue of the Journal of the American Water the Interagency Climate Change Adaptation Task Resources Association (Proceedings, are at Force to develop federal recommendations for http://www.cwi.colostate.edu/NonstationarityWo adapting to climate change impacts both rkshop/index.shtml). domestically and internationally. IWR provided representatives on working groups on Adaptation During FY 2010, IWR staff worked in Science Inputs for Policy, Agency Adaptation conjunction with members of the U. S. Bureau of Processes, and Water Resources. IWR staff Reclamation on a follow-up study to their supported the development of a Report to the February 2009 report “Climate Change and President entitled, ―Progress Report of the Water Resources Management: A Federal Interagency Climate Change Adaptation Task Perspective”. The new report entitled Force: Recommended Actions in Support of a “Addressing Climate Change in Long-Term National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy‖, Water Resources Planning and Management: scheduled to be released in October 2010. The User Needs for Improving Tools and goals of the effort are to make recommendations Information” was undergoing internal and toward a national adaptation strategy that utilizes external review in FY 2010 and will be a set of best practices, to integrate climate published in FY 2011. change resilience and adaptive capacity into federal government operations and coordinate IWR staff members also participated in another interagency preparations, and to develop interagency group that include representatives informed communities that understand their from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency vulnerability to climate impacts. (EPA), USACE, NOAA, USGS, BuRec, and the Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources IWR scientists continued to play an active role Conservation Service (NRCS) and U.S. Forest on the Climate Change and Water Working Service, who have come together to cooperate in Group (CCAWWG), an interagency group joint scientific and research efforts aimed at established to develop consistent water adapting U.S. water programs to address management adaptation policies and approaches changing climatic conditions. to address global change across Federal water agencies, and to jointly consider what actions The IWR Responses to Climate Change effort Federal agencies should take to incorporate continues to work closely with the IPET/HPDC climate change considerations into their water Lessons Learned Implementation Team to resources activities. The interagency group was develop detailed Civil Works Technical guidance composed of engineers, scientists and water on Procedures to Evaluate Sea Level Change managers from USACE, the U.S. Geological Impacts, Responses, and Adaptation. This new Survey (USGS), the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation guidance is being led by district staff (with the (BuRec), and the National Oceanic and the support of IWR planners, economists, engineers Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate and scientists), and includes members of the Program Office. In FY 2010 the CCAWWG USGS, NOAA, FEMA, the Bureau of added representatives from the Federal Reclamation, Federal Highway Administration, Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the Navy, the U.S. Naval Academy, and others, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). including two experts from the United Kingdom. The team held a workshop in April 2010 at In FY 2010, the CCAWWG addressed the NOAA‘s Silver Spring office. concerns that water resources management agencies face with two major workshops. The first, hosted by the USACE and held in January 2010, entitle ―Workshop on Nonstationarity,

43-8

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES

Updating and Expanding “Value to the Nation” In support of program development and budget Materials prioritization decision-support processes within the Executive branch and Congress; In Fiscal Year 2010, the Institute, in support of the Office of the Secretary of the Army for Civil Works In support of more effective management of the and USACE headquarters, initiated work to update existing civil works capital stock portfolio in and expand the focus of the Civil Works ―Value to conjunction with the Corps Asset Management the Nation‖ materials, a series of brochures and an Program (by facilitating the linkage of OMBIL associated website which communicate the value of performance data and engineering condition the Civil Works program to the Nation and the information); and, general public. In support of more effectively communicating The huge investment in the Nation‘s public works with project sponsors, stakeholders and the infrastructure made during the 20th century resulted general public on the value of the CW program. in the world‘s premier Civil Works infrastructure system which has served as the foundation for One of the major accomplishments of this work America‘s civil society for well over a century. This activity in FY 2010 was an update of the value of the national water resources infrastructure portfolio has capital stock of the Corps physical infrastructure. facilitated economic growth and connected vast Unfortunately, the value of the Corps capital stock stretches of the nation by means of highways, has continued to decline in value as the result of an waterways, and rail systems; promoted the efficient increasing pace of depreciation due in increasing age movement of people and goods; protected natural and versus a slower rate of new capital investment. As a wilderness areas; advanced and enhanced the health, means of context, the Corps capital stock reached its safety and quality of life of the citizens of the Nation; highest value around 1980, and has since declined promoted the development of the energy resources of annually. the Nation; and supported the economic security and defense of the Nation. A second major accomplishment during FY 2010 was the development of a regional economic development However, despite the successes associated with this model which is able to generate estimates of sustained large national investment in our employment impacts, sales associated and induced infrastructure, the nation‘s water resources capital economic impacts associated with increased Corps of stock infrastructure is now suffering a critical lack of Engineers expenditures. attention. The Corps is the Nation‘s leading provider of infrastructure against floods (programmatic area: As recapitalization of the Corps current capital stock flood risk management), coastal harbor development becomes a more pressing issue it will be faced with and inland waterways infrastructure through an the need to establish a robust asset management extensive series of locks and dams on some 12,000 framework not simply based on physical condition miles of navigable inland waterways (programmatic assessment, but also on reasonable performance and area: navigation), development and management of service delivery thresholds, contemporary renewals ecosystem restoration and wetlands (programmatic engineering and deterioration science, and a risk area: ecosystem restoration), hydropower characterization such as "tolerable risk" over the development, recreational opportunities, and water project life-cycle. supply for drinking and agriculture; yet, the majority of the public doesn‘t recognize this. The Institute, working in coordination with various offices at Corps headquarters, is continuing to update The Corps Civil Works Program faces the same the existing Value to the Nation brochures, the Value challenge that nearly every Federal infrastructure, to the Nation web site, and related information and water resources, or engineering agencies are products to develop targeted outreach material. The confronted with: how to document and communicate Corps‘ ability to provide timely, clear, direct and the value of the many and varied programs and accurate answers to the inevitable range of questions structures that have been implemented by USACE and inquiries that will flow from a diverse array of and continue to provide critically needed services and groups and interests will have an impact on the outputs to the Nation now and in the future. The development and direction of the future Civil Works means to effectively analyze and communicate the program. implications of the information for three purposes:

43 -9 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

Integrated Water Resources Management support the diverse economies, communities and cultures in the region. During FY 2010, IWR staff continued to play central roles in advancing the practice of IWRM through IWR staff continued support to ERDC and the numerous technical efforts, including the following: Philadelphia District as part of the Delaware Estuary RSM Plan project. Covering an area Directing and managing the activities of the that is home to 6.4 million people, the Delaware International Upper Great Lakes Study under the Estuary is the second largest estuary in the auspices of the International Joint Commission United States. With the participation of more (IJC). The Study was initiated in 2007 under a than 20 resource agencies and environmental Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) between organizations, the development of the RSM Plan IWR and the International Joint Commission uses a system-based approach and incorporates (IJC). IWR is leading the U.S. contributions to the various competing demands for sediment the study. IUGLS began in 2007 to investigate resources, such as wetlands protection, coastal the possible factors responsible for recent development, fisheries management, and port declining Upper Great Lakes levels (Phase 1) management. and to formulate alternative plans for Lake Superior outflow regulation with the goal of IWR and HEC specialists continued to provide providing benefits to existing and emerging technical assistance on several pilot project interests (Phase 2). partnerships with The Nature Conservancy on their Sustainable Rivers Program. On December 15, 2009, the final Phase 1 Report was released describing the investigations by IWR researchers worked to continue advancing dozens of scientists from U.S. and Canadian IWRM planning, economic and hydrologic and government and non-government agencies and hydraulic engineering tools, resulting in the 2010 universities around the Great Lakes, and is release of IWR-Planning Suite software, Version available at the Study‘s website: www.iugls.org. 2.0.6.0, and the release of new editions of the full The study investigators found that over the last range of HEC‘s flagship NexGen software four decades, the conveyance of the St. Clair products, along with the rollout and immediate River has changed due to man-made factors. field application of state-of-the-art systems However, they also determined that the declining models for maritime transportation economics as lake levels were due primarily to climatic part of the Institute‘s Navigation Economic variability and glacial isostatic rebound. Technologies (NETS) Research Program.

An IWR senior scientist served as the co-lead, in Another significant technology milestone was the collaboration with the USACE Engineer Research completion of the full deployment and training phases and Development Center (ERDC), for the Gulf of for the OMBIL Regulatory Program Module (ORM Mexico Regional Sediment Management (RSM) 2.0), a web-based, enterprise GIS data management demonstration program, and other Corps RSM system now used by all USACE field offices, which activities. IWR staff continued to support provides the anchor technology for watershed-based development of a technical framework for the analytics and decision-support for the Corps regulatory Gulf Region Sediment Management Master Plan program, and is expected to play a foundational role in support of the Gulf of Mexico Alliance. Staff for the entire Civil Works program. helped to ensure that new Gulf region forums such as the Council on Environmental Quality Collaborative Planning and Partnering Efforts Workgroup on Louisiana and Mississippi Coastal Ecosystem Restoration, and the new Through the Institute‘s role in supporting the USACE- Gulf of Mexico Ecosystem Restoration Task wide implementation of the Civil Works Strategic Plan Force, were aware of this initiative and related (2004-2009) and ongoing revision of the Army Civil information. The Gulf of Mexico Restoration Works Strategic Plan, ―Sustainable Solutions to Task Force was established by Executive Order America‟s Water Resources Needs: Civil Works 13554, partially in response to the Deepwater Strategic Plan 2011-2015” in accordance with the Horizon spill. Its objective is to assist the Gulf Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA), coast communities in efforts to conserve and IWR continues to promote, support and engage in restore resilient and healthy Gulf ecosystems that intergovernmental collaborations and partnering throughout USACE, and with a wide range of national

43-10

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES and international institutions and organizations as a ―Performance Measures to Assess the Benefits of means of accomplishing common goals. IWR Shared Vision Planning and Other Collaborative continues to serve as the USACE lead for multiple Modeling Processes‖ (IWR Publication 2009-R-07, national partnerships and is committed to developing dated November 2009). new technologies, processes and policies to further collaborative planning and partnering. A dramatic expansion of the Silver Jackets Program, a key partnering mechanism with the Federal IWR‘s partnering focus on national water resources Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and other issues in FY 2010 included representing both USACE Federal, State and local agencies to ensure continuous and the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) on interagency pre-disaster collaboration at the state the Executive Office of the President‘s National level, with the number of operational regional teams in Science and Technology Council Interagency FY 2010 growing to 16 states, and with an additional Subcommittee on Water Availability and Quality four state teams in various stages of development (SWAQ). towards the ultimate goal of offering at least one interagency team within every state. IWR is likewise supporting USACE participation in the implementation of the President‘s Ocean Action IWR continued building international water Plan through integrated networks and partnerships of partnerships with the appointment of IWR senior staff Federal, state, local, territorial and tribal authorities, to the Governing Board of the United Nations the private sector, international partners and ocean Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization communities. IWR represents Army Civil Works on (UNESCO) Institute for Water Education (IHE-Delft), the Ocean Resource Management Interagency Policy and the Advisory Board of the International Center for Committee (ORM-IPC) and the Ocean Science and Water Hazard and Risk Management (UNESCO- Technology Interagency Policy Committee (OST- ICHARM). IPC). During FY 2010, efforts continued in establishing new In the advancement of collaborative planning models Memoranda of Understanding (MOU‘s) with and guidance, IWR‘s National Cooperative Modeling universities and other professional organizations. and Collaborative Planning and Management These new MOUs will facilitate cooperation in Demonstration programs work in synergy to test and science, technology, and research in aspects of demonstrate a variety of collaborative modeling tools integrated water resource management and capacity and concepts. Given the Institute‘s long history of building in developing nations and countries in applying collaborative modeling tools through its transition. signature Shared Vision Planning (SVP) process, IWR was positioned to advance and apply contemporary International Water Resources Initiatives conceptual and methodological approaches, as well as documenting, vetting and publicizing the advances and FY 2010 will stand out as a milestone in the history of experiences of other institutions. the Institute for the receipt of the official designation of the International Center for Integrated Water During FY 2010, IWR continued to focus on Resources Management as a Category II Center under developing new conceptual and methodological the auspices of UNESCO, the first such center in foundations, building awareness of collaborative North America as well as its expansion of international planning tools, and assisting Corps offices and states in activities. improving public participation in water resources planning and decision making. The International Center for Integrated Water Resources Management was selected as the U.S. The staff of the Conflict Resolution and Public Government nominee for consideration as a Participation Center prepared the 4th Annual Report on UNESCO Category II Centre in February 2008 after Environmental Conflict Resolution for the Council on a national-level competition. With the support of the Environmental Quality, on the behalf of the Office of U.S. National Commission for UNESCO, the U.S. the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works; National Committee for UNESCO‘s International Hydrological Programme (IHP), the U.S. Permanent The Center published two reports on Shared Vision Representative to UNESCO, and the Assistant Planning entitled ―Analysis of Process Issues in Secretary of the Army for Civil Works, ICIWaRM‘s Shared Vision Planning Cases‖ (IWR Publication nomination was submitted to UNESCO 2009-R-05, dated September 2009) and Headquarters, approved by the IHP Bureau in March

43 -11 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

2008, and endorsed by IHP‘s 36-member nation ICIWaRM continued work on the development of a Intergovernmental Council (IGC) in June 2008. The non-proprietary Drought Atlas software product that nomination of ICIWaRM was endorsed by the will be freely available to countries that may need UNESCO Executive Board in September 2009. such a product, particularly countries in transition Approval by all 193 member states took place at the located in arid or semi-arid areas. In partnership with UNESCO General Conference in Paris in October fellow Category 2 center, the Water Center for Arid 2009. Official designation as a UNESCO Category II and Semi-Arid Zones in Latin America and the Centre was performed at a ceremony at UNESCO Caribbean, ICIWaRM will be using the resulting Headquarters in New York City in late October 2009. product to create a complete drought atlas of Latin America. Other notable international activities during FY 2010 included the following: ICIWaRM also continued support of the Modernization of Management of Water Resources Mr. Robert Pietrowsky, Director of the Institute, Project (PMGRH) in Peru. ICIWaRM is providing continued his service as a member of the Governing technical advice and capacity building in Board of UNESCO-IHE and Mr. Eugene Stakhiv coordination with the National Water Authority served as chair of the Advisory Board of ICHARM (ANA) and the project lenders, the World Bank and and the Steering Committee of the Global Water the Inter-American Development Bank. Partnership (GWP). In collaboration with the Global Water Partnership Dr. Eugene Stakhiv continued to co-chair a UNESCO and the National Academy of Sciences, ICIWaRM Sponsored Steering Committee tasked with preparing organized the first inter-academic U.S.-Ukrainian guidelines to assist water resources practitioners in meeting on scientific approaches to adaptation to finding better and more efficient solutions to water climate change in the water sector, including flood resource problems. protection activities in the Carpathian region.

ICIWaRM staff members are leading an effort to Through a continuing collaboration between translate into Spanish the committee‘s publication ICIWaRM academic partner University of Arizona series IWRM Guidelines at River Basin Level. and the International Senegal Basin Authority UNESCO‘s Regional Office for Latin America and (Organisation pour la Mise en Valeur du Fleuve the Caribbean, and the Inter-American Development Senegal), ICIWaRM is developing a near real-time Bank, are partners in this effort. streamflow forecasting system using satellite precipitation measurements in the Senegal River UNESCO-IHP has chosen ICIWaRM as the global Basin. technical secretariat for its global network "Water and Development Information for Arid Lands," or G- ICIWaRM has been a strong participant in the WADI. The program aims to strengthen global USAID-led effort to create the Middle East North capacity to manage water resources in arid and semi- Africa Network of Water Centers of Excellence arid regions by building an effective global (MENA-NWC) throughout the year. This network community. will bring together water centers throughout the MENA region along with U.S. government agencies ICIWaRM provided extensive support to the World and universities to address some of the region‘s most Water Assessment Programme (WWAP) in FY 2010. challenging water problems. WWAP is the flagship programme of UN-Water. Housed in UNESCO, it monitors freshwater issues in During FY 2010, staff from the Hydrologic order to provide recommendations, develop case Engineering Center participated in the Watershed studies, enhance assessment capacity at a national Assessments for Afghanistan Project. The watershed level and inform the decision-making process. assessment for Afghanistan project is a collaborative project led by the Corps Transatlantic Division office ICIWaRM sponsored the North American HELP with multiple districts participating and local experts (Hydrology for the Environment, Life and Policy with the objective of locating and analyzing potential program) Basin Organizations Workshop on Lessons dam and reservoir sites. HEC is analyzing potential Learned (May 2010, Portland). The event brought dam and reservoir sites in the Helmand basin. together Federal, state, and local governments along Results of the study are due in FY 2011. with NGOs and academic partners working on IWRM in seven basins in the U.S. and Panama.

43-12

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES

In November 2009, the HEC Director Mr. Chris USACE representative on WMO‘s Committee on Dunn, gave a keynote presentation at the 1st Hydrology. International Conference on Policy and Research for Global Disaster Management (PR4GDM) in Seoul, HEC has entered into a contractual agreement with South Korea. The conference was hosted by the an American firm, Exponent, Inc., to support to the Korean National Emergency Management Agency second phase of the Strategy for Water and Land (NEMA). The conference aimed to strengthen Resources of Iraq (SWLRI). The objective of the disaster response through disaster management SWRLI project is to define the strategy and the technology and international research and related investment plan that will guide the sustainable development sharing and to discuss the feasibility of management and development of the water and land a collaborative international research and resources of Iraq for the next two decades (from 2010 development program for global disaster to 2030). HEC will assist in providing technical management. assistance on the use of the hydrologic and hydraulic analysis tools previously developed by HEC for real- While in Korea, HEC met with representatives of time forecasting and water management operation. NEMA‘s National Institute for Disaster Prevention, the Korean Institute of Construction Technology In October 2010, HEC participated in a training (KICT), and K-water (formerly known as course held in Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia. This KOWACO) to explore areas of common interest. It class provided GIS training. During the training, is interesting to note that both KICT and K-water had HEC personnel had the opportunity to go into the previously approached the Corps at the 5th World field to collect data for use in developing HEC-HMS Water Forum in Istanbul, Turkey in March 2009 to (Hydrologic Modeling System) rainfall-runoff model explore joint opportunities. As a result of HEC‘s and HEC-RAS (River Analysis System) hydraulic participation in the PR4GDM conference, HEC was model. These models were scheduled to be delivered invited and agreed to participate in the 8th to the Mongolians in the second quarter of FY 2011. International Conference on EcoHydraulics in September 2010 in Seoul, South Korea. HEC also represented USACE at the UNESCO International Workshop on Challenges and Solutions In September, 2010, HEC again was invited to South for Dam Re-operation held at UNESCO Korea, this time to participate in the 8th International Headquarters in Paris in October 2010. The Symposium on Ecohydraulics Conference in Seoul, workshop consisted of a small group of professionals present a one day symposium on Integrated Water from around the world working with reservoir Resources Management (IWRM) with K-water, in operations for environmental purposes presenting Daejeon, South Korea, and to assist in hydrologic and their efforts in hopes of identifying characteristics hydraulic engineering efforts regarding the Camp that are common to successes and failures. HEC and Humphreys development plan. the Nature Conservancy presented the Sustainable Rivers Project as a case study for North American HEC also represented USACE on the USG Rivers/Flood Control Reservoirs. delegation attending the Flood Forecasting Initiative Workshop at the World Meteorological Organization HEC is a participating study team member for the (WMO) headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland in Columbia River Treaty (CRT) 2014/2024 Study. The December 2009. WMO established the Flood CRT is an agreement between the United States and Forecasting Initiative to assist member nations, Canada. The purpose of the CRT, which became especially the developing nations, by improving their effective in 1964, is to provide flood control and flood forecasting capabilities. Utilizing his power benefits to U.S. and Canadian regions. HEC experience as lead developer of the Hydrologic supports the study project development team, Modeling System (HEC-HMS), Dr. William including the Hydrology and Hydraulics, Plan Scharffenberg will be working with several experts Formulation and Integration sub-teams, provides from the workshop to develop a proposal for a technical and policy guidance, coordination and comparison of hydrologic forecasting models. The development of the HEC-FRM and HEC-ResSim comparison will assist developing countries in software features specific to CRT and provides selecting the best hydrologic forecasting model for overall risk assessment methods to the CRT team. their unique needs. In November 2009, several members of the Taiwan As a result of HEC‘s involvement with the WMO, Water Resources Agency (WRA) visited the HEC‘s Dr. Scharffenberg has been designated as the Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC). Their

43 -13 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010 interest was for HEC to come to Taiwan to perform state has been slow and, with additional action, training on the HEC software products. Since that anticipated environmental change threatens accelerated time, HEC has been coordinating with HQUSACE extinction. The number of vulnerable freshwater and the U.S. State Department to investigate which species is several times that of vulnerable terrestrial process might be of use to allow this cooperative species. A large and growing fraction of amphibian, effort to occur. The WRA has invited HEC to come fish, molluscan and crustacean species are now to Taiwan to provide recommendations on methods vulnerable and approaching a threshold for ESA they may employ to help with flood modeling. It is listing. anticipated that such a meeting will take place sometime in FY 2011. National Weather Service Adopts HEC-RAS

HEC Senior Hydraulic Engineers were invited to The National Weather Service (NWS) has adopted Hungary by the Ministry of Environment and Water HEC-RAS (River Analysis System) as its Unsteady to conduct training on HEC‘s River Analysis System Flow hydraulics model for Real Time River (HEC-RAS). The HEC-RAS modeling conference Forecasting. The NWS evaluated and tested several was held in Szolnok, Hungary and was used to raise pieces of software for inclusion in their new real time public awareness of flooding issues and highlight the forecasting system CHPS (Community Hydrologic completion of an offline storage facility on the Tisza Prediction System). The NWS model evaluation team River near the town of Tiszaroff. The modeling concluded that HEC-RAS was the model they wanted conference was organized by the Middle Tisza to go forward with in the development of their real District and RBF Consulting. It was announced at time forecasting system. the conference that the Hungary Ministry of Environment and Water has officially adopted the The integration of HEC-RAS into the NWS CHPS HEC-RAS program for performing all their river system is now complete and is currently in testing modeling. It was very important for the Ministry phase. Several of the existing models currently being management personnel to hear directly from HEC used by the NWS have been converted to HEC-RAS about the future of HEC-RAS, because they have models and have been found to give as good or better made a five-year commitment to exclusively use results. The NWS developed a set of software and RAS for river modeling. Approximately 40 guidelines for converting existing models to HEC- Hungarian engineers from the various water Districts RAS. Many of the models currently in use are being attended the latter portion of the conference for HEC- converted to HEC-RAS and some new models are RAS training where HEC engineers provided hands- being developed by the NWS river forecast centers on training on several specific HEC-RAS topics. across the country.

Technological Advancements One such model for the Ohio River System is jointly being developed between the NWS, Ohio River During FY 2010, technical advancements occurred in a Forecast Center and the USACE, Great Lakes and number of areas including the following: Ohio River Division. This model consists of the entire Ohio River (1100 miles), and its major tributaries, as Sustainability of Freshwater Species well as 200 miles of the Mississippi River (100 miles upstream and downstream of the junction with the The Institute completed a landmark study by Dr. Ohio River.) The model also included 20 locks and Richard Cole that examined data on freshwater dams, levee systems, and many bridge crossings. The species, the history of species decline, and species model will be used by the NWS and USACE for Real associations with Federal water resources projects, Time River Forecasting and operations of the dams including Corps of Engineers projects. The study located on the tributaries. concluded that Federal water development projects have played a role in the species decline, but that Savannah Harbor Expansion Project Study agriculture, invasive species and other impacts have cumulatively contributed most to past species During Fiscal Year 2010, IWR staff continued to extinctions. Estimated extinction rates have decline in work closely with the Savannah and Mobile districts recent decades as stronger environmental laws have and the Deep Draft Navigation Planning Center of taken effect, and the Corps has complied with the Expertise on the economic analysis for a General Endangered Species Act (ESA) and participated in Evaluation Report for expansion of Savannah Harbor. numerous species recovery plans. Despite those IWR developed a new economic evaluation model actions, recovery of imperiled species to a sustainable for containerships to be used in the evaluation of

43-14

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES deepening Savannah Harbor from 42 feet up to a new simulation features have been added to the depth of 48 feet. The development and program since that time. implementation of the new model also involved documentation and training of Mobile district staff in HEC-WAT, Watershed Analysis Tool, its use, as well as numerous presentations to agency Version 1.0 (not yet released) The Watershed technical review, external independent peer review, Analysis Tool (HEC-WAT) software was created and headquarters policy review staffs. The new to help USACE study teams conduct watershed evaluation tool and lessons learned on the Savannah and water resources studies in an integrated, Harbor Expansion Project study are being leveraged comprehensive and systems based analyses. A with other research and development efforts beta version of the WAT was released in FY underway as part of the Transportation Systems 2008 and is available for use and testing. Program and the Optimization Tools for Navigation Official release of this software is expected in program. early 2011.

Hydrologic Engineering Center Models HEC-FIA, Flood Impact Analysis, Version 2.2 (not yet released). HEC-FIA evaluates impacts HEC-HMS, Hydrologic Modeling System, using either continuously observed or forecasted Version 3.5. New simulation features were hydrographs (hydrograph-based) or depth grids added to the HEC- HMS Version 3.5 software. (GIS-based). Official release of this software is expected in early 2011. HEC-FDA, Flood Damage Reduction Analysis, Version 1.2.5. This version replaces IWR Planning Suite version 1.2.4 which was released in 2008. HEC- FDA provides the capability to perform an In FY 2010 the Planning Suite was updated to integrated hydrologic engineering and economic include a module to annualize costs and benefits in analysis during the formulation and evaluation of accordance with Corps policy and guidance (Version flood risk management plans. HEC-FDA is 2.0.6.0) and was certified by HQUSACE in designed to assist study team members in using compliance with the requirements of the Planning risk analysis procedures for formulating and Model Improvement Program (PMIP) guidance. The evaluating flood risk management measures and ―annualization‖ module computes the annualized cost analyzing the economics of flood risk and outputs based on user provided implementation management projects. costs, discount rate, periodic operation and maintenance costs, period of analysis, benefits HEC-SSP, Statistical Software Package, streams, ecological response rates, etc. This model is Version 2.0. This is a new release of the HEC- a water resources investment decision support tool SSP software. It includes enhancements to that performs computations associated with cost- existing capabilities and new capabilities. effectiveness and incremental cost analyses used Enhancements were added to the General during the formulation and evaluation of planning Frequency and Volume Frequency analyses alternatives that involve monetary and non-monetary along with continued improvements for costs and benefits. customization of output graphs. Container Model Suite of Tools HEC-EFM, Ecosystem Functions Model, Version 2.0. EFM is designed to help determine The Container Model Suite of Tools are a set of ecosystem responses to changes in the flow IWR-developed desktop computer programs and regime of a river or connected wetlands. It associated databases designed to assist Corps‘ allows the study team to visualize and define planners and analysts investigating improvements to existing ecologic conditions, highlight promising the Nation‘s ports. The tools have stand-alone restoration sites, and assess and rank alternatives application, and are also integrated with HarborSym, according to predicted changes in different for which they provide data for the HarborSym aspects of the ecosystem. widening model.

HEC-RAS, River Analysis Systems Version A suite of tools have been developed to date: 4.1. HEC-RAS Version 4.1 was released in March of 2009 to the general public. Several IWR Tide Tool – providing simple access to information on astronomical tides at tidal

43 -15 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010 stations around the world. The IWR Tide Tool that operates on information from the vessel makes use of standard astronomical tidal automated identification system (AIS). The AIS prediction techniques and databases of tidal provides location, destination, sailing draft, and stations. The Tide Tool generates tidal height vessel speed data over time as vessels move. and current information for primary and The AIS-DAPP acquires and organizes this secondary tidal stations as well as statistics on information into a usable database structure, and tidal availability, for example the cumulative provides analytic tools for identification of distribution function of tidal availability at a vessel statistics for a port and determination of location. A geographical interface making use of global service routes for individual vessels. It is Google Earth™ allows for simple identification used in conjunction with W-DAPP to provide of tidal stations, and supports creation of arrival draft information for vessel call lists for secondary tidal stations for use in HarborSym. HarborSym. Output can be generated and saved in standard spreadsheet formats. HarborSym – the HarborSym widening model was modified to account for the ocean leg of Loading Generators – supporting analysis and vessel calls. This extends the HarborSym generation of consistent vessel call lists for use model‘s functionality to include channel by HarborSym, for both bulk and container deepening studies. traffic. Two Loading Generators exist – one for bulk cargo (Bulk Loading Tool) and one for Visiting Scholars Program containerized cargo (Container Loading Tool). Each generator takes user input on fleet The Institute benefits from supporting a number of availability, efficiency of vessels, vessel classes, Visiting Scholar programs which bring the foremost commodity forecasts, and port depth water resources experts from academia, private characteristics and uses this information to industry and other agencies and laboratories to generate consistent synthetic vessel call lists residence at IWR for periods of six months to one (dock visits and commodity transfers by year. FY 2010 marked the ninth year of the Institute‘s individual vessels over a defined period) that can Maass - White Visiting Scholar program, established be used with HarborSym for analysis of in 2001 in recognition of the contributions of, and the alternative fleet, commodity, and port Institute‘s intellectual alignment with, two of the infrastructure scenarios. founders of modern water resources planning‘s theoretical underpinnings — Professors Arthur Maass W-DAPP (Waterborne Data Analyzer and Pre- of Harvard University, and Gilbert White of the Processor) – providing planners with direct University of Colorado. access to WCSC data in useful formats for a particular port. The W-DAPP, designed in Dr. Kenneth Strzepek, Professor of Civil, concert with the Waterborne Commerce Environmental, and Architectural Engineering at the Statistics Center, provides planners with direct University of Colorado at Boulder, joined the Institute access to WCSC vessel data for a set of user- in 2009 as the Maass-White Scholar for 2009-2010. specified docks via a visual interface through Dr. Strzepek‘s research will focus in the area of Google EarthTM. Once the user identifies docks climate change and adaptation of water resources. at a port for which information is to be acquired, the information is brought down to the user FY 2010 marked the second year of the Frederick J. desktop and stored in a local database in formats Clarke Visiting Scholar program, named in honor of that replicate WCSC formats and structures. A Lieutenant General Frederick J. Clarke, Chief of wide variety of information is available, as well Engineers from 1969-1973. Lieutenant General as statistical analysis capabilities. In conjunction Clarke was instrumental in securing expert, with the AIS-DAPP, W-DAPP generates historic independent advice on environmental issues facing the vessel call lists for use with HarborSym. Corps by founding the Environmental Advisory Board. The Frederick J. Clarke Visiting Scholar program will AIS-DAPP (Automated Information System provide scholars the opportunity to advise the Corps Data Analyzer and Pre-Processor) – generating on important policy issues related to the Corps analysis of trade routes and vessel statistics at a environmental mission. port for container vessels, based on detailed vessel movement data for container vessels. The Dr. Martin Doyle, Associate Professor in the AIS-DAPP is an advanced spatial analytic tool Department of Geography at the University of North

43-16

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES

Carolina at Chapel Hill, was the inaugural Frederick J. development, floodplain management, and urban water Clarke Visiting Scholar during the period 2009-2010. renewal; and development of new concepts in critical While at IWR, Dr. Doyle‘s research focused on the infrastructure and infrastructure sustainability through determination of the optimal scale for geographic non-governmental organizations such as the American service areas in compensatory mitigation; Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), The Infrastructure infrastructure decommissioning; and the evolving Security Partnership (TISP), and Domestic political economy of rivers. Preparedness (DomPrep).

The 2010-2011 Frederick J. Clarke Visiting Scholar is Strategic Planning: IWR continues to make Dr. G. Mathias (Matt) Kondolf, professor of significant contributions to the ongoing revision of the Landscape Architecture and Geography at the Army Civil Works Strategic Plan, ―Sustainable University of California, Berkeley, who is focusing on Solutions to America‟s Water Resources Needs: Civil the technical and policy advancement of Regional Works Strategic Plan 2011-2015.‖ The direction for Sediment Management. this revision began with the development and analysis of four future scenarios during 2007, which was IWR‘s specific accomplishments during FY 2010 are followed by a stakeholder outreach session that same described in the following sections, organized in year. The results of these efforts led to an update of accord with the Institute‘s major focus areas. the strategic plan goals to reflect: 1) assist in providing for safe and resilient communities and infrastructure; 2) help facilitate commercial navigation FUTURE DIRECTIONS in an environmentally and economically sustainable fashion; 3) restore degraded aquatic ecosystems and The Institute‘s Future Directions activities include the prevent future environmental losses; 4) implement identification of emerging water challenges and effective, reliable, and adaptive life-cycle performance opportunities and the engagement of the Office of the management of infrastructure; and 5) build and sustain Assistant Secretary of the Army (Civil Works) (OASA a high quality, highly dedicated workforce. (CW)) and USACE senior leaders to stimulate ―strategic thinking‖. Such critical thinking is an To achieve these goals, an overarching strategy of essential prerequisite in the formation of organizational Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) as strategic direction and the implementation of new a means to embrace holistic and collaborative planning initiatives. IWR employs a variety of approaches to was adopted. This overarching strategy is supported encourage strategic thinking, including the by a series of cross-cutting strategies or methods that development of papers on innovative water resources operationalize the qualities of a technically competent concepts, academic research, and senior leader and forward looking organization. The resulting six discussions. During FY 2010, IWR worked with the cross-cutting strategies include the application of: 1) National Institutes for Water Resources (NIWR) and systems approaches; 2) collaboration and partnering; the US Geological Survey (USGS) to solicit proposals 3) risk informed decision making and communication; on applied scholarly investigation related to critical 4) innovative financing; 5) adaptive management; and water policy issues. One grant was awarded for a 6) state-of-the-art technology. collaborative effort between the Water Resources Centers from Minnesota, Oklahoma, South Carolina, The Institute‘s staff and USACE‘s Operations and and Arkansas to develop recommendations for Federal Maintenance Business Information Link (OMBIL) agencies and federal-state partnerships to effectively national data management systems continue to support conduct adaptive management within the field of water formulation of yearly budget guidance. In addition, resources. This engagement with NIWR is engaging significant progress in the refinement of the Army some of the brightest and most talented individuals Civil Works performance metrics were implemented in working in the water resources area while establishing 2009, along with a commensurate improvement in working relationships on emerging topics of the future. performance across the Civil Works program, In a similar initiative, the Future Directions staff has particularly in the area of inland navigation. Finally, taken a lead role in special topic support to the select members of IWR are providing staff support to HQUSACE on strategic initiatives such as the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army for development of the USACE Civil Works Strategic Civil Works as rotating detailees working on a wide Plan; interaction on behalf of the OASA(CW) with range of policy related initiatives. other Federal agencies for support of Administration initiatives such as climate change adaptation, energy Policy Development: The Water Resources and water sustainability, ecosystem markets Development Act of 2007 (Public Law 110-114,

43 -17 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

Section 2031) broadened national policy for water policy and program changes to address the changes resources projects to include environmental and and their impacts. IWR personnel are leading the social as well as economic objectives and stressed Temporal and Spatial System Changes project preservation and protection of natural resources. To delivery team (PDT), the Watershed Investment implement these changes, the law directed the Decision Tool PDT, and the Multi-Objective System Secretary of the Army to revise the 1983 Principles Planning and Policy PDT. IWR personnel are also and Guidelines (P&G) to comport with the new members of the Sustainable Solutions PDT. policy. The 1983 P&G consists of Principles, Standards and Procedures which state how water Theme 2, Risk Informed Decision Making, includes resources implementation agencies should pursue tasks that collectively aim to infuse risk and policy. Each P&G section contains additional details reliability concepts into decision making through the on formulating, evaluating and recommending water lifecycle of Corps projects and related systems. The resources projects. objective is to develop improved risk assessment and management processes to inform USACE, the public, In order to secure P&G application to agencies and other stakeholders of infrastructure condition and beyond those covered by the 1983 P&G, the Council critical needs for public safety. The Corps Chief on Environmental Quality (CEQ) assumed leadership Economist is leading the Theme 2 team and other of P&G revision. In December, 2009, the CEQ IWR personnel are members of various Theme 2 published a draft Principles and Standards (P&S) in PDTs. the Federal Register requesting public comments and National Academy of Sciences peer review. Theme 3, Communication of Risk to the Public, Simultaneously with P&S publication, CEQ emphasizes the communication of flood risks to the assembled an Interagency Team to develop the public and public involvement in flood risk Procedures (sometimes denoted as ―Guidelines‖). management decision making. Initiatives will focus on concepts of residual risk and the involvement of During FY 2010 IWR staff served on the Interagency disadvantaged populations that are most likely to be Team that explored the implications of new concepts impacted by floods. IWR is leading the Public contained in the P&S and drafted Procedures to Involvement sub-team, and is partnering with the implement the P&S. Additionally, IWR staff National Flood Risk Management team to develop a supported USACE headquarters and ASA (CW) in framework for public involvement in flood risk analyzing various CEQ Principles and Standards management decision making. proposals issued in response to concerns of the Administration, National Academy of Science and Responses to Climate Change: During FY 2010, the public. IWR continued making progress on its work to address USACE responses to climate change. The IPET/HPDC (Interagency Performance objectives of the initiative are to understand how Evaluation Task Force/ Hurricane Protection climate is changing, describe and characterize climate Decision Chronology) Lessons Learned impacts to USACE missions, operations, programs, Implementation Team (formerly Actions for and projects, and develop consistent water resources Change): The IPET/HPDC Lessons Learned management adaptation policies and approaches Implementation Team was developed to address the throughout USACE Civil Works and in partnership lessons learned from the Hurricane Katrina and Rita with other Federal water resources agencies. The events. The goals of the effort are to improve public project will provide recommendations for policy and safety and the Nation‘s water resources infrastructure guidance to prepare for, and respond to, climate by providing expert and professional services to the change and variability. Nation. The team was divided into four themes: (1) Comprehensive Systems Approach, (2) Risk Prior year accomplishments, leveraging work begun Informed Decision Making, (3) Communication of under the Interagency Performance Evaluation Task Risk to the Public, and (4) Professional and Technical Force/Hurricane Protection Decision Chronology Expertise. (IPET-HPDC) Lessons Learned Implementation Team, resulted in the publication of a February 2009 IWR is actively participating on the core teams for report entitled, ―Climate Change and Water the first three themes. The objective of Theme 1, Resources Management: A Federal Perspective‖ as Comprehensive Systems Approach, is to review the USGS Circular 1331. This report was authored by an dynamic processes that potentially impact USACE interagency group composed of representatives from projects and to develop guidelines and recommend USACE, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the

43-18

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES

U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, and the National nonstationarity on hydrologic records, which makes it Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). difficult to project future conditions based on the past These agencies formed the nucleus of the Climate record. Dr. Rolf Olsen of IWR was the lead of the Change and Water Working Group (CCAWWG), interagency organizing committee for this workshop, whose aims are to collaborate on user needs and which included national and international experts and actionable science to help water managers prepare for will result in a special issue of the Journal of the and adapt to the effects of climate change on the American Water Resources Association nation‘s water resources. (Proceedings, are at http://www.cwi.colostate.edu/NonstationarityWorksh In FY 2010, the CCAWWG added team members op/index.shtml). FEMA and EPA. IWR staff worked in conjunction with members of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation on A November 2010 workshop also hosted by the a follow-on study to USGS Circular 1331, entitled USACE was the first in a series of activities intended “Addressing Climate Change in Long-Term Water to ultimately develop best practice guidelines to Resources Planning and Management: User Needs assess the large and varied portfolio of possible for Improving Tools and Information.” IWR and approaches for producing and using actionable Bureau of Reclamation staff drafted the report, climate science for water resource adaptation conducted internal and external review, resolved questions. The head of the organizing committee for review comments, and obtained perspectives from this workshop was Dr. Jeff Arnold (see other water managers with similar needs. This http://www.corpsclimate.us/assessingportfolioworksh information was incorporated in the report. The op.cfm). report will be published in FY 2011. The IWR Responses to Climate Change effort Throughout FY 2010, IWR staff continued continues to work closely with the IPET/HPDC supporting the White House Council on Lessons Learned Implementation Team to develop Environmental Quality (CEQ) and the Interagency detailed Civil Works Technical guidance on Climate Change Adaptation Task Force to develop Procedures to Evaluate Sea Level Change Impacts, federal recommendations for adapting to climate Responses, and Adaptation. This new guidance is change impacts both domestically and being led by district staff (with the support of IWR internationally. IWR provided representatives on planners, economists, engineers and scientists), and working groups on Adaptation Science Inputs for includes members of the USGS, NOAA, FEMA, the Policy, Agency Adaptation Processes, and Water Bureau of Reclamation, Federal Highway Resources. IWR staff supported the development of Administration, the Navy, the U.S. Naval Academy, a Report to the President entitled, ―Progress Report and others, including two experts from the United of the Interagency Climate Change Adaptation Task Kingdom. The team held a workshop in April 2010 Force: Recommended Actions in Support of a at NOAA‘s Silver Spring office. National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy‖ released in October 2010 (see National Shoreline Management Program: The http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/ceq/i National Shoreline Management Program, authorized nitiatives/adaptation). The goals of the effort are to by the Water Resources Development Act of 1999 make recommendations toward a national adaptation (Public Law 106-53, Section 215(c)), remains a strategy that utilizes a set of best practices, to collaborative, inter-agency effort that is adapting to integrate climate change resilience and adaptive the recent surge in coastal and ocean initiatives. The capacity into federal government operations and program is intended to describe the extent and causes coordinate interagency preparations, and to develop of erosion and accretion along the shores of the U.S., informed communities that understand their the economic and environmental effects caused by vulnerability to climate impacts. erosion and accretion, and the systematic movement of sand along the shores. The program focuses on the In FY 2010, the CCAWWG addressed the concerns resources committed by Federal, state and local that water resources management agencies face with governments to restore and nourish shores, two major workshops. The first, hosted by the recommend appropriate levels of Federal and non- USACE and held in January 2010, leveraged funding Federal participation in shore protection and serves to from the IPET-HPDC Lessons Learned advance the use of systems approaches to sand Implementation Team. The ―Workshop on management. Nonstationarity, Hydrologic Frequency Analysis, and Water Management‖ addressed the concept of

43 -19 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

In FY 2010 the study team developed draft reports on decision making. He served on the team developing (1) a quick assessment of the Eastern coastal regions and implementing tolerable risk as part of the with preliminary recommendations, and (2) a detailed transitioning of dam safety to a risk analysis assessment of the North Atlantic regions. In approach. Additionally, he worked as part of a team addition, a report entitled ―Dynamic Sustainability: developing tolerable risk notions to levee safety. In Shoreline Management on Maryland‘s Atlantic that role, he served on the planning committee for an Coast‖ details the history of Ocean City and international workshop entitled ―Exploration of Assateague Island, Maryland and examines the ways Tolerable Risk Guidelines for the USACE Levee in which residents and officials have managed the Safety Program‖ held March 17-18, 2010 in issues inherent to living next to an ocean and how the Washington, DC. The proceedings of the workshop U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has participated in were published as IWR Report 10-R-8, dated October these management efforts. 2010.

USACE Chief Economist: Dr. David Moser of The Chief Economist was also was involved in issues IWR is the USACE Chief Economist and leader of relating to National Economic Development the Economics Community of Practice (CoP). evaluation of navigation and other economic During FY 2010, the Chief Economist also continued evaluation issues. Additionally, he was co-lead of to direct Theme 2, Risk-Informed Decision Making effort developing improved modeling to estimate Theme of the IPET/HPDC Lessons Learned regional economic impacts of Corps spending and Implantation Implementation activities. He also project operation. This model is currently continued involvement in developing tolerable risk undergoing model certification review. guidelines for both dam safety and levee safety policy and procedures team. COLLABORATION AND PARTNERING The Chief Economist‘s leadership engaged to build and advance the economic analysis capability across The USACE recognizes that the Civil Works mission the USACE, holding two national meetings and must be carried out in collaboration with multiple regular teleconferences with senior economists. A partners and stakeholders with differing authorities, subject matter expert (SME) database of all Corps capabilities and perspectives. Thus a major IWR focus economists was reviewed and updated by senior has long been as the intellectual nexus for USACE economists to maintain a directory identifying expertise on collaboration, partnering and public economists by experience and expertise for each participation. In FY 2010 the Institute collaborated economic activity conducted by the USACE. This with multiple federal and state agencies to address SME database is used by MSC economists, planning critical issues. IWR serves as the USACE lead for centers of expertise and others to identify resources multiple national collaborative partnerships and is for feasibility studies, independent technical reviews, committed to developing new training instruments, and special purpose teams. The database is being technologies, processes and policies to further transformed to be web accessible to allow individual USACE‘s overall capability in collaborative planning entry and update by field economists. and partnering.

As a complementary activity to building capacity, IWR represented USACE and the Office of the IWR focused on enhancing technical guidelines and Secretary of Defense (OSD) through participation in economic manuals available to field practitioners. In the National Science and Technology Council‘s FY 2010 work proceeded on the update of water interagency Subcommittee on Water Availability and resources planning National Economic Development Quality (SWAQ) and its Subcommittee on Disaster (NED) Manuals. Reduction.

In FY 2010, the Chief Economist also continued as IWR‘s collaborative efforts extend to the academic the National Team Lead for Theme 2 - Risk Informed community through the Maass-White Visiting Decision Making, as part of the IPET/HPDC Lessons Scholars program, the Universities Council on Water Learned Implantation (formerly part of Actions for Resources (UCOWR) Fellowship Visiting Scholars Change), which transitioned to the Civil Works program, the National Research Council (NRC) Campaign Plan Goal 2a. As part of that effort, the Research Associates program, the American Chief Economist led development of approaches and Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) frameworks to articulate the value of risk analysis, Science and Technology Policy Fellows program, and with emphasis on risk management, to Civil Works

43-20

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES the Leo R. Beard Visiting Scholars program (resident 2011) is designed to convey to field staff of both at HEC). NRCS and USACE basic information about each agency‘s missions, programs, capabilities, and modes National Partnerships: Forming strategic alliances, of operation. It suggests which programs and both through formal agreements and informal working authorities from both agencies might be leveraged relationships, is becoming a way of doing business in toward these shared goals: wetland protection and the USACE, government agencies and non- restoration; flood risk management; wildlife habitat governmental organizations (NGO‘s). Driving this creation; sediment management; natural disaster movement are the complexity and far-reaching impacts recovery; and integrated water resources of today‘s water resource problems, juxtaposed with management. the limited financial and intellectual resources of any single organization. The USACE is increasingly U.S. Institute for Environmental Conflict Resolution committed to partnerships as a means of (USIECR): In FY 2010 the Institute made active use accomplishing common goals. In FY 2010 IWR of its 2008 Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) entered into or laid the groundwork for establishing with USIECR. The USIECR is an independent federal new MOU‘s with various federal and non-federal entity that impartially assists in the resolution of partners. federal environmental, natural resources and public land conflicts and controversies through facilitated Natural Resources Conservation Service negotiation, mediation, and collaborative problem Partnership: In FY 2010 work continued in support solving. The most significant use of the IWR – of a 2005 partnership agreement with the U.S. USIECR MOU in FY 2010 was a detail of IWR‘s Department of Agriculture‘s Natural Resources Maria Placht to the USIECR from May through Conservation Service (NRCS). The goal of the August as part her Presidential Management partnership is to promote a long-term working Fellowship training program. While at USIECR Ms. relationship to improve the management of water and Placht contributed to the USIECR‘s support of the related natural resources under the missions and Missouri River Recovery Implementation authorities of NRCS and USACE. Collaboration Committee, assisted in the development of federal- continues to focus on four areas: (1) watershed tribal government-to-government training planning and implementation; (2) wetlands creation, curriculum, and was part of the facilitation team for restoration and enhancement; (3) natural disaster the national NOAA Enforcement Summit held in recovery; and 4) coordination of other programs and August 2010 in Washington, D.C. activities, including the Wetland Conservation Compliance (the Swampbuster provision of the Food Other engagements with the USIECR during FY 2010 Security Act of 1985 and subsequent omnibus farm included IWR staff serving on the Steering Committee acts in 1990, 1996, and 2002) and the Regulatory for the USICER-led Environmental Conflict Program (Section 404 of the Clean Water Act). Resolution Biennial Conference held in May 2010 in Tucson, Arizona; joint leadership on both the National FY 2010 activities included: regular communications Coordinating Committee for the Use of Technology in (monthly teleconferences, liaisons, partnership ECR and the National Collaborative Modeling for brochure, and website); data sharing (wetland reserve Decision Support Steering Committee; and joint and floodplain easement locations in particular); and sponsorship of the Second National Workshop on two Senior Leader Partnership Coordination Computer Aided Dispute Resolution held in October Meetings (March and September of 2010). 2009 in Denver, Colorado, the proceedings of which Additionally, NRCS and USACE liaisons made a were published as IWR Report 10-R-5 entitled joint presentation at the USACE Planning “Computer Aided Dispute Resolution 2nd Workshop Community of Practice Conference in Orlando, Summary and Strategy Plan” dated April 2010. Florida in June 2010. U.S. Geological Survey Partnership: During FY A new initiative in 2010 was the development of a 2010, significant activities associated with the U.S. NRCS/USACE Partnership Handbook – A Field Geological Survey (USGS) MOA included senior Guide to Working Together Toward Shared Goals. level meetings addressing national stream-gauge The purpose of the handbook is to stimulate and issues; climate change and related water management facilitate more on-the-ground active cooperation and issues; the sharing of water data; coastal, collaboration between NRCS and USACE at the field geotechnical and biological research; and regional level on water resource issues and problems. With and international water studies, such as on the Great this aim in mind, the document (to be published in Lakes. The USGS is working with USACE on the

43 -21 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

Climate Change and Water Working Group Engineer Research and Development Center that (CCAWWG) with other Federal agencies including focuses on water resources, energy security, and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, the National environmental sustainability. FY 2010 activities Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), included IWR support to USACE Headquarters as a the Federal Emergency Management Agency panelist in a September 2010 ORNL-led workshop on (FEMA), the Environmental Protection Agency basin-scale approach to environmentally friendly (EPA), and the National Aeronautics and Space hydropower development. The workshop was Administration (NASA). The USGS worked closely conducted as a follow on to a March 24, 2010 with USACE to organize an international technical Memorandum of Understanding between the U.S. workshop entitled ―Workshop on Nonstationarity, Department of Energy, the U.S. Department of the Hydrologic Frequency Analysis, and Water Interior (through the Bureau of Reclamation) and the Management‖, held in January 2010 in Boulder, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to promote the Colorado. The workshop brought together development of hydropower. researchers and practitioners from the United States and international institutions. The workshop program Sandia National Laboratory: Following the FY 2009 included presentations by five Nobel Prize laureates signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) who were lead authors on Intergovernmental Panel with the Sandia National Laboratories, IWR has on Climate Change reports. International participants worked on pursuing opportunities in the application of from Canada, the United Kingdom, Japan, Poland, Collaborative Modeling to integrated water resources Greece and Italy attended the workshop. The management. Highlights of joint FY 2010 activities proceedings of the workshop are available at the include the co-sponsorship of the Second National Institute‘s website. Conference on Computer Aided Dispute Resolution, held in October 2009 in Denver, Colorado, the USACE also partners with USGS on international proceedings of which were published as IWR Report water resources, as both agencies are core members 10-R-5 entitled “Computer Aided Dispute Resolution of the U.S. National Committee for UNESCO‘s 2nd Workshop Summary and Strategy Plan” dated International Hydrological Programme (IHP). The April 2010; the development of a book on the subject IWR Director is the designated USACE of computer aided dispute resolution, and joint representative on the U.S. National IHP Committee. leadership of a national steering committee on collaborative modeling. Planned FY 2011 activities U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Partnership: During FY include development of a monograph on the 2010 USACE continued to work closely with the intersection of integrated water resources management Bureau of Reclamation on the Climate Change and and collaborative modeling and co-hosting an Water Working Group (CCAWWG), which also international symposium on the subject of integrated includes representation from the U.S. Geological water resources management and collaborative Survey, NOAA, FEMA, EPA, and NASA. modeling. IWR has in the past worked closely with CCAWWG's objectives are (1) to define the most Sandia National Laboratories through the critical gaps in our capability to forecast and adapt to Collaborative Planning and Management program and climate change; (2) to conduct collaborative research the National Cooperative Modeling Demonstration to address those gaps; and (3) to develop mechanisms program. to provide training for infusing climate change science into water planning and technical studies. National Flood Risk Management Program: In During FY 2010, the Bureau and USACE worked on May 2006, in an IWR-led effort, the USACE a joint report entitled ―Addressing Climate Change in established the National Flood Risk Management Long-Term Water Resources Planning and Program (NFRMP) for the purpose of integrating and Management: User Needs for Improving Tools and synchronizing USACE flood risk management Information.‖ The report offers joint agency programs and activities both internally and with perspectives and identifies user needs to help meet counterpart activities of FEMA and other Federal, the challenge of climate change for long-term water state, regional and local agencies. Its vision is to lead resources planning. The report will be published in collaborative, comprehensive and sustainable FY 2011. national flood risk management by:

Oak Ridge National Laboratory Partnership: During Improving capabilities to collaboratively deliver FY 2010 IWR continued to implement a 2005 and sustain flood risk management and Memorandum of Understanding between the Institute, mitigation services to the nation, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the

43-22

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES

Improving public awareness and understanding Federal agencies came together in June 2010 for of flood related hazards and risks, and the annual National Flood Risk Management Program (NFRMP) workshop. The four day Coordinating flood damage and flood risk program provided an opportunity to brief reduction programs across Federal agencies and participants on the accomplishments, status and with local, state agencies and other non-Federal future goals of the Program, as well as to share entities. the experiences, successes and challenges encountered as part of field level implementation FY 2010 program accomplishments include the of the NFRMP coordination framework and the following: Silver Jackets Program. Additionally, the Workshop provided a number of technical Regional coordination outcomes achieved by the training session providing participants access to Regional Flood Risk Management Team a variety of flood risk management related (RFRMT) in the Upper Mississippi River basin. information and skills. During FY 2010, the RFRMT conducted quarterly meetings providing the opportunity for International Flood Risk Management coordination across Federal, state and local Workshop. The National Flood Risk agencies to make the most of existing Federal Management Program hosted an international programs to assist states and communities in workshop entitled "International Flood Risk managing flood risks. The team focus is on Management Approaches: From Theory to better integrating pre-flood mitigation with a Practice" on November 30 and December 1, long-term strategy to plan and implement pre- 2010 in Washington, DC. Attended by and post-flood emergency actions. Through the approximately 100 people, representing nearly RFRMT quarterly meetings, member agencies 20 countries, the workshop provided an were able to regularly brief the group on opportunity for attendees to share experiences in developing policy issues and suggested policy development and implementation of flood risk improvements, interstate or interregional issues, management approaches; learn what others have state mitigation plans and initiatives, updates on accomplished internationally (including through relevant activities from external organizations, international river basin commissions); identify and any other proposal or initiative that may the strengths of these achievements; and have relevance to the Regional Team mission. highlight areas where partnerships can provide Additionally, the Team Charter provided a mutual advantage. process for vetting and acting on specific project proposals, policy reforms or other initiatives Improved national coordination by reconvening recommended by a member organization. The the Federal Interagency Floodplain Management Charter also provided a process for delegating Task Force. Starting in November 2009, FEMA responsibility for responding to requests for and USACE, through the NFRMP, made use of a information from the Regional Team, and standing authority provided by the 1968 National coordinating agency responses to such requests. Flood Insurance Act to reconvene a Federal As a direct result of team coordination efforts, a Interagency Floodplain Management Task Force plan was developed and implemented to elevate (FIFM-TF), with the general intent of updating or remove USACE lease cabins incurring the Unified National Program for Floodplain repetitive losses and claims on the National Management; coordinating Federal agency Flood Insurance Program. The team also policies for flood risk management; and developed a white paper providing policy identifying and recommending actions and recommendations to FEMA, USACE and NRCS policies by the Federal government necessary to for implementation of resilient features during reduce losses due to flooding and protect the repair of damaged flood damage reduction safety of flood plain residents. Since then, projects and recommendations for improvements representatives from a number of Federal in policies for improved agency coordination for agencies have met periodically, under the flood recovery activities. guidance of CEQ, to identify the purpose, vision and work plan for the FIFM-TF. Conduct of National Flood Risk Management Program Workshop. USACE District and Supported efforts of the California Levees Division Flood Risk Managers, Silver Jackets Roundtable. In FY 2010, the NFRMP team leads and representatives of multiple participated in the work of the California Levees

43 -23 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

Roundtable, a collaborative partnership of The RMC stood-up a small programs group to federal, State, and local agencies formed to manage the funding priorities and funds used by address vegetation issues affecting the State- HQUSACE to manage non-routine dam safety federal levee system in the Central Valley. The activities. This group successfully supported the Roundtable recognized that vegetation execution of $49.1 Million in dam safety studies management is only one of many issues that and $14.9 Million in training, methodology threaten levees and broadened its scope to development, and Interim Risk Reduction address many threats to levee integrity. The Measures. In FY 2010, this group also reviewed Roundtable produced a document to present a more than 25 PMP‘s prepared by various short-term Framework for flood system Districts to support dam safety activities. improvements that are already underway or will be initiated before a comprehensive plan is ready The RMC led training efforts for dam safety and in 2012. The Framework provides general risk management throughout FY 2010. In FY guidelines for helping the State, in coordination 2010, more than 50 USACE staff attended with federal and local entities, to move forward Potential Failure Mode Assessment (PFMA) while the comprehensive plan is being training and more than 30 USACE staff attended developed. the Best Practices in Dam Safety Risk Analysis training course which is jointly taught between Improved coordination between FEMA and USACE, the Bureau of Reclamation, and the USACE programs through quarterly meetings of Federal Energy Regulatory Commission an Intergovernmental Flood Risk Management (FERC). Committee (IFRMC), which provides a venue for FEMA and USACE leadership to coordinate USACE, the Bureau of Reclamation, the Federal programs and policies, and thus improve Energy Regulatory Commission, the Tennessee program implementation for the flood risk Valley Authority (TVA), and the Federal management community. Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) began discussions to unify the various dam safety Completion of a two year policy study policies, procedures, and guidelines. The examining opportunities for improving public Interagency Committee on Dam Safety Joint involvement in all USACE flood risk Federal Risk Management Workgroup had its management related programs and activities. first meeting in September 2010. The objectives The study put forth a set of recommendations of this effort are expected to include developing and framework for accomplishing the common procedures and methodologies, opportunities identified. developing consistent policies, and developing similar methods to communicate risks. The Risk Policy work, through the ―Wise Use of Flood Management Center is leading the efforts on the Plains‖ study, to identify any procedural or behalf of HQUSACE in this workgroup. legislative changes that may be warranted to allow the Corps of Engineers to be more The Risk Management Center developed, effective in working with other Federal agencies, implemented, and continued various efforts to states and local governments and stakeholders in increase the quality and consistency of dam the management of flood risk. The study is safety products. The RMC worked with various addressing both the question of how to evaluate Agency Technical Review (ATR) teams to the performance of programs and policies in support their reviews of dam safety products. addressing flood risk and how to approach the The RMC also initiated an effort to augment task of evaluating flood risk at a national scale. internal reviews with national experts in dam safety specifically related to risk analysis. Each Dam Safety Program: The Risk Management dam safety Issue Evaluation Study (IES) and Center supported the USACE Dam Safety program in Dam Safety Modification Study (DSMS) a number of ways in FY 2010. HQUSACE has been presented their report findings to a Quality using a draft version of ER 1110-2-1156 to transition Control and Consistency (QCC) review panel. USACE to a nationally-led and managed dam safety The first QCC review was held in March 2010. program. The RMC has been instrumental towards Over the course of FY2010 12 additional implementing the guiding principles of that reviews were completed. The QCC review was regulation. To support this effort the RMC initiated so successful; it was incorporated into the draft or completed the following activities: dam safety ER 1110-2-1156 as a required step

43-24

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES before the Senior Oversight Group (SOG) completion. The team also helped improve review. The RMC also supported and various dam safety procedures, worked with participated in 3 SOG meetings in FY 2010. Districts to improve their dam safety scorecard scores, and worked with HQUSACE to The Risk Management Center reviewed more implement various risk management activities in than 50 Interim Risk Reduction Measure Plans FY 2010. (IRRMP) on the behalf of HQUSACE. Levee Safety Program: The Risk Management The Risk Management Center supported Center supported the USACE Levee Safety program Districts transitioning from the previous Periodic in a number of ways in FY 2010. HQUSACE is Inspection (PI) process for dams to the new currently leading the development of a Periodic Assessment (PA) process. In FY 2010, comprehensive levee safety policy document. The the Risk Management Center funded the RMC has been heavily involved with the Potential Failure Modes Assessment portion of development of that policy. The RMC has also PA‘s for more than 20 Districts. supported the following activities:

In FY 2010, the RMC provided at least one The RMC was part of a team developing dedicated senior technical specialist to each dam tolerable risk notions related to levee safety. safety construction project, projects that were in Several RMC members participated in an Planning, Engineering, and Design (PED), and international workshop entitled ―Exploration of critical Dam Safety Modification Studies. This Tolerable Risk Guidelines for the USACE Levee was part of HQUSACE‘s overall effort to Safety Program‖ held March 17-18, 2010 in provide more consistent and recurring guidance Washington, DC. The proceedings of the and advice for projects moving through the non- workshop were published as IWR Report 10-R- routine dam safety processes. This significant 8, dated October 2010. activity was instrumental in ensuring safe activities were accomplished at USACE‘s high The RMC led the development of the Levee risk structures and that cost effective solutions Screening Tool with HQUSACE and the Cold were planned or implemented. Along with the Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory QCC reviews, this led to more than $1 Billion in (CRREL). The tool will be used to screen levee cost savings versus originally-planned activities. systems across the country and help inform a national prioritization of work related to levee The Risk Management Center funded and safety. The tool is web-based and very user directed the activities of the Mapping, Modeling, friendly. Users enter basic information about the and Consequence (MMC) production center. design and performance. That information is More than 30 inundation and consequence analyzed and the results are compared with the studies were completed in FY 2010. The Risk other levee systems across the country. Management Center also chaired the steering committee for the MMC, which sets their The RMC led a training course for 50 USACE priority and manages the strategic direction of employees on the use of the Levee Screening the MMC. Tool in 2010. This was the first training course as the tool is rolled out to the entire organization. The Risk Management Center led, participated in, or supported more than 15 Issue Evaluation Asset Management: In FY 2010, the Risk Studies for DSAC I and II dams in FY 2010. Management Center helped develop methodology to The Risk Management Center led, participated assess risk associated with electrical and mechanical in, or supported more than 10 Dam Safety components of USACE infrastructure with the goal Modification Studies for DSAC I and II dams in of integrating this information into the asset FY 2010. management condition indices. The RMC also participated in a partnering workshop with asset The Risk Management Center led and management in June of 2010. participated in various activities as a part of the Dam Safety Policy and Procedures Team. The team was instrumental in developing the new dam safety ER 1110-2-1156 which is nearing

43 -25 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

Silver Jackets Program: The Silver Jackets Program studies illustrate successes of individual state Silver is a key mechanism for achieving the interagency Jackets teams. coordination and collaboration necessary to fulfill the goals of the National Flood Risk Management Case Study: Louisa County, Iowa, #11 Levee Program. District

Through the Silver Jackets Program, managed by Recurring significant flood events and resultant IWR, the USACE cooperates with FEMA and other physical damages to levees throughout the Midwest Federal, State and sometimes local agencies to ensure region have increased interest in implementing non- continuous interagency collaboration at the state structural alternatives to levee repairs. Public Law level, leveraging available resources and information 84-99 (―Flood Control and Coastal Emergency Act‖, between agencies. P.L. 84-99) provides USACE with the authority and responsibility to either repair flood-damaged levees The program has created a mechanism to enrolled in its levee program or to implement non- collaboratively solve issues and implement or structural alternatives to those structural repairs. recommend those solutions, while increasing and Following the Midwest floods of June 2008, the Iowa improving flood risk communication and outreach. Interagency Levee Work Group (now Iowa Flood Silver Jackets teams facilitate strategic, life-cycle Risk Management Team [Iowa Silver Jackets]) planning to reduce flood risk and provide assistance identified and coordinated a precedent-setting non- in implementing state-identified high-priority actions. structural alternative to full repair of the Louisa At the end of FY 2009 there were six active state County, Iowa, #11 Levee District‘s levee system. teams (Ohio, Indiana, Idaho, Iowa, Illinois, and The alternative is a combination of over 300 acres of Missouri) with an additional ten state teams Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) (Minnesota, Wisconsin, North Dakota, Texas, flood plain easements with significantly reduced Kansas, New Mexico, Arizona, Pennsylvania, structural repairs to protect a state highway. The Mississippi, and Georgia) in various stages of alternative required the cooperation of the levee‘s development. During FY 2010, all of these states, in public sponsor, the county and state mitigation addition to Washington, Virginia, Kentucky, and agencies, USACE and NRCS to implement. This South Carolina were active, for a total of twenty non-structural alternative consisted of leaving five state-led teams. The Florida state team will become breaches in the lower end of the levee system open active early in FY 2011, and discussions are while repairing two breaches in the upper end of the continuing with an additional 28 states to develop system. The remaining increment of repaired levee teams in FY 2011. will continue to provide flood deflection benefits for a major county road and approximately 400 acres of As these teams develop and mature, their capacity to agricultural lands within the levee district. This manage their flood risk is increasing. Truly alternative provides reconnection of nearly 3,200 managing flood risk requires that both the probability acres of previously isolated floodplain with the Iowa of an event and the consequences of an event are River as well as increased flood storage benefits to continuously managed. However, the authorities to downstream interests; construction is complete. As a address both the probability and consequences are result of collaboration, over 1200 acres of formerly spread among many agencies and levels of protected area was returned to the floodway, gaining government. As a result, the responsibility for not only improved environmental habit but increased managing the Nation‘s flood risks does not lie flood storage capacity while continuing to protect an exclusively with USACE, or any other single Federal important state road. The NRCS Emergency or non-Federal entity, but is shared among multiple Watershed Program (EWP) easements were crucial in Federal, State, and local government agencies, as the sense that protection of those lands no longer well as with private citizens. All stakeholders have a provided benefits to support full structural repair. As part in reducing risk to a tolerable level. Currently implemented, the cost to PL 84-99 was estimated to there is a strong reliance on Federal response and an be $187,000 less than the full structural repair. expectation of increased Federal funding, but Federal resources are strained. Through collaborative The Iowa team was encouraged by this success and is partnerships, the state Silver Jackets teams optimize currently working to implement another non- the use of Federal resources, leverage additional structural alternative with the Green Island Levee and state/local/Tribal resources, including talent, Drainage District at the confluence of the Maquoketa data/information and funding; and prevent and Mississippi Rivers (downstream of the [former] duplication among agencies. The following case Lake Delhi Dam). USACE is providing assistance to

43-26

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES

NRCS in the development of a Wetlands Reserve overall cost for the pilot project was $750,000. No Enhancement Program (WREP) project proposal one single agency had the funding or the personnel to request to acquire easements on nearly 1,400 acres of complete this project alone, yet with the collaboration cropland previously protected by the Green Island of skills and funding, the pilot project was created levee. using a minimal investment. The state of Indiana is now planning to utilize recently awarded Housing Case Study: Real Time Flood Inundation Model, and Urban Development Community Development Indiana and Mississippi Block Grant (CDBG) funds to apply the tool state- wide. The opportunity for major cost savings from Resolution of seemingly small issues can lead to damages avoided is tremendous. The effort provides greater collaboration. Team members were aware of a better predictive capacity, which will assist in differences between USACE and Indiana Department zoning and planning, as well as targeting areas for of Natural Resources (IDNR) data; differing mitigation such as acquisition or elevation. boundaries used in the models produced elevation differences of up to two feet. The Silver Jackets team After talking with the Indiana Silver Jackets team, the facilitated resolution, and within a short time, the Mississippi ―Camo‖ Jackets team has begun a similar data were aligned. Without Silver Jackets, neither effort. While no technical assistance funding is agency would have pursued resolution. The state provided by USACE, the project was initiated due to sees this as a valuable service; when all agencies can Silver Jackets team collaboration. The Forrest (MS) agree on a single set of data, the state mitigation County Board of Supervisors entered into a joint program benefits. funding agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to initiate a cooperative program for flood Success in resolving these differences led to a inundation mapping with the Cities of Hattiesburg discussion of current needs, and the team devised a and Petal and the Forrest County Emergency real-time flood inundation model. The National Management District. Flood inundation maps show Weather Service projections and hydrology from the the extent of flooding that is expected over a given Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service are area. Through assistance of the National Weather combined with real-time gauge data from the USGS. Service, this data is provided online and can indicate Models create a real-time view of the location and which community structures are likely to be impacted depth of flooding. When overlaid with tax by floodwaters. Inundation maps also provide local assessment data, construction data, and structural officials additional information needed to better value information for residential and commercial mitigate the impacts of flooding and build more structures, an accurate prediction of potential damage resilient communities. The first phase of a multi-year can be calculated, employing the USACE depth- flood inundation mapping project will include the damage curve and HAZUS modeling. Each USGS evaluation of existing flood models on the database/model was written with a different digital Leaf River and the initial construction and structure. Through the Polis Center at the Indiana instrumentation of a new flood-monitoring site on the University Purdue University Indianapolis, a bridge Bouie River at Glendale Avenue in Hattiesburg, MS. program was written to draw the individual models The $26,000 cost will be shared equally by the USGS and programs together under an open architecture and Forrest County, with support from the cities of format and allow a person to run the program Hattiesburg and Petal. Hazard Mitigation Grant automatically upon demand in real time. Program funds will be applied to assist with a portion of the local share. Upon completion of the project, The program, when river levels reach a set trigger both the Leaf and Bouie Rivers will provide real-time point, will run automatically and provide both current river stage data via the internet during flood hazard inundation information and predictive information for events, and local residents and emergency managers response and mitigation actions. The project allows will have valuable information for hazard mitigation. emergency management personnel and the public to Future agreements will fund the annual operation and view current and predicted extent and depth of maintenance of the flood-monitoring sites and the flooding through a Web portal. The near real-time completion of the flood inundation maps. and forecast flood inundation mapping, in addition to being viewable through a Web portal, will be Case Study: North Branch Elkhart River Project, downloadable in the form of GIS files that can be Noble County, Indiana imported into GIS applications such as the Federal Emergency Management Agency‘s HAZUS-MH This project evolved as the many participating hazard mitigation and loss estimation program. The agencies discussed a particular community‘s

43 -27 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010 recurring efforts to resolve their flood risk cost-share and will conduct LiDAR flyovers. management challenges. The community had sought (LiDAR is an acronym for Light Detection and studies and assistance from a number of state and Ranging. LiDAR is a remote sensing system used to federal agencies over many years, but none were collect topographic data.). Thus the community will coordinated, and little action followed. The Indiana receive the work with minimal investment and the Silver Jackets team brought together the Indiana documentation provided will not only benefit this Department of Natural Resources, the Indiana specific project for the community, but also will Department of Environmental Management, the benefit future mitigation projects and provide future Indiana Department of Homeland Security, USGS, warning for the community of impending floods. USDA-NRCS and the US Army Corps of Engineers. Through the Silver Jackets program, the state of Individually the agencies had invested several Indiana will be able to acquire LiDAR mapping for hundred thousand dollars in studies, stream clearing, all 92 counties, leveraging interagency funds to map snagging efforts, and other work in the area. Each 12 counties and $13 million in CDBG funds to map agency reviewed available studies and information 80 counties. regarding the area of interest, and the interagency team compiled a single summary document that National Ocean Policy: During FY 2010, IWR staff explained, in layman‘s terms, the geological and continued the work that began in 2009 to coordinate hydrologic conditions, the flood history of the area, USACE participation in the working groups and possible approaches to resolve the effects of supporting the ASA(CW) and HQUSACE flooding in the area. The report presented participation on the Interagency Ocean Policy Task alternatives as well as warnings regarding actions that Force. President Obama signed Executive Order could exacerbate the situation. The findings were 13547 establishing a National Policy for the presented to the local steering committee and the Stewardship of the Oceans, Our Coasts and the Great community as a whole; public meetings were held to Lakes on July 19, 2010. That Executive Order adopts both inform the community and to foster acceptance the final recommendations of the Interagency Ocean of the findings. The community has since reported Policy Task Force and creates a National Ocean that they are following the first recommendation, the Council (NOC) to strengthen ocean governance and formation of a basin-wide planning team to examine coordination. The final recommendations prioritize the options not from a neighborhood perspective as actions for the NOC to pursue and call for a flexible had been done in the past, but from a watershed framework for coastal and marine spatial planning to perspective considering all communities as a part of a address conservation, economic activity, user conflict, solution. Although there were no direct expenses to and sustainable use of the ocean, our coasts and the funding programs, the agencies invested staff time to Great Lakes. research and write the report. Differences in the community were set aside, as the community IWR staff is working to include or represent the implements a watershed approach to develop a basin- breadth of Civil Works interests and contributions in wide strategy based on common interests. Long- initial efforts to facilitate coastal and marine spatial term, requests for funding will now focus on a planning, which has the potential to provide a holistic solution rather than individual parts. comprehensive, integrated approach to planning and managing uses and activities over the long term. IWR Case Study: Leveraging programs: Orange County, participants engaged other USACE staff at ERDC, Indiana and State-Wide LiDAR Mapping HQUSACE, the Planning Centers of Expertise, and in District offices, depending on the issues raised to the In Orange County, Indiana, the Lost River flows subcommittees. Opportunities for collaborating with through a Karst environment, often under the surface. the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Flooding occurs without warning. The Indiana Silver (NOAA) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) on Jackets team has implemented an interagency mapping and data related issues have been identified approach and found a way to create a flood warning through this participation. Under the National Policy, system. By linking a number of newly placed USGS coastal and marine spatial planning would be regional stream gages with a USACE Planning Assistance to in scope, developed cooperatively among Federal, States Hydrology and Hydraulics study of the state, tribal and local authorities and include underlying Karst features, the community will substantial stakeholder, scientific and public input. receive automatic triggers when the water reaches IWR represents Army Civil Works on the Ocean levels corresponding to previously observed flooding. Resource Management Interagency Policy Committee With the help of a Community Development Block (ORM-IPC) and the Ocean Science and Technology Grant, the community will provide $75,000 for their Interagency Policy Committee (OST-IPC). Major

43-28

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES activity has been to update the Ocean Research evolving policy, as well as to gain additional Priorities Plan. perspectives on integration of this approach to different problem-solving and management National Ocean Service Partnership: In FY 2010 applications. These and other opportunities for close collaboration continued in support of an existing sharing experiences and assisting with application partnership agreement with the National Oceanic and issues are helping to build capacity for RSM Atmospheric Administration‘s National Ocean Service application at different scopes, scales and (NOS) most recently signed on May 19, 2008. This institutional situations. partnership recognizes the importance of leveraging each agency‘s programs and expertise through joint Experiences with RSM applications were used to centers for coastal mapping, instrument testing, develop information for the National Shoreline evaluation and training; improving and integrating Management Study regarding system approaches to ocean observing systems; coordinating vertical datum sediment management. This information defined a systems and improving tidal measurement and systems approach to sand and sediment management, information; and improving natural hazard risk and provided information to inform the development communication that incorporates consideration of of preliminary recommendations regarding systems community resilience. There have been mutually approaches to sand management. This systems beneficial advances and synergies through this approach considers sediment system dynamics, collaboration in FY 2010 as it focused on collaboration projects and activities in a region, and the institutions on addressing water quality challenges, formed a associated with sediment in the region, as integrated scientific working group (including US Geological components that vary by region. Examples of Survey) on adopting NOAA Datums Standards, different applications of the system approach through collaborated on an effort to focus on understanding RSM experiences in situations of different scopes and climate change and variability in the Pacific and scales were also provided. determined how best to apply the knowledge to coastal engineering planning and design. This partnership IWR staff also continued to support development of a further expanded as a result of the creation of the technical framework for the Gulf Region Sediment National Ocean Council and its focus on strategy Management Master Plan in support of the Gulf of development to implement the nine national ocean Mexico Alliance. Staff helped to ensure that new priority objectives. Gulf region forums such as the Council on Environmental Quality Workgroup on Louisiana and Regional Sediment Management: The USACE has Mississippi Coastal Ecosystem Restoration, and the adopted the Regional Sediment Management (RSM) new Gulf of Mexico Ecosystem Restoration Task approach in carrying out its programs and activities Force, were aware of this initiative and related involving or affecting sediment. The RSM approach information. The Gulf of Mexico Restoration Task uses principles of integrated water resources Force was established by Executive Order 13554, management, as well as the Civil Works watershed partially in response to the Deepwater Horizon spill. perspective. Sediment management spans the Its objective is to assist the Gulf coast communities in USACE Navigation, Flood and Coastal Storm efforts to conserve and restore resilient and healthy Damage Reduction (Flood Risk Management), and Gulf ecosystems that support the diverse economies, Ecosystem Restoration missions and responsibilities. communities and cultures in the region. The USACE applies this perspective and approach as a major stakeholder and collaborative partner in IWR staff continued support to ERDC and the many of the Nation‘s inland and coastal watersheds. Philadelphia District as part of the Delaware Estuary RSM Plan project. Covering an area that is home to In FY 2010, IWR staff continued working with the 6.4 million people, the Delaware Estuary is the District office personnel, the Engineer Research and second largest estuary in the United States. With the Development Center (ERDC) staff, and USACE participation of more than 20 resource agencies and Headquarters staff on integration of the RSM environmental organizations, the development of the approach through initiatives that both involve and RSM Plan uses a system-based approach and affect Civil Works water resource projects and incorporates the various competing demands for activities. IWR staff made presentations at sediment resources, such as wetlands protection, conferences sponsored by the Western Dredging coastal development, fisheries management, and port Association (WEDA), USACE Planning Community management. of Practice, and Partnership for the Delaware Estuary, to both inform participants about applications and

43 -29 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

Interagency Committee on the Marine models and decision making within a holistic systems Transportation System: USACE continues approach to coastal protection and management and coordinating with the Maritime Administration the June 2010 meeting of the Board in Jersey City, (MARAD), National Oceanic and Atmospheric New Jersey, whose theme was ―Climate Change and Administration (NOAA), the Coast Guard and other US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Mission Federal departments and agencies to support the Considerations‖ so as to explore and provide Committee on the Marine Transportation System recommendations regarding the implications of (CMTS), which was initiated in July 2005. The projected climate change scenarios to USACE Chief of Engineers was selected as the initial chair of missions, assets, and responsibilities in the coastal and the Coordinating Board for the CMTS and the estuarine system. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Civil Works) was designated as the Department of Defense principal to Environmental Advisory Board: IWR has led the the CMTS. The Coordinating Board chair rotated to USACE technical team supporting the Chief of the Administrator of NOAA in 2007, to the Maritime Engineers‘ Environmental Advisory Board (EAB) Administrator in 2008, and the Commandant of the since FY 2004. In FY 2010, the EAB continued to Coast Guard in 2009. It rotated back to the Corps in explore field level outreach and internal 2010. IWR provides logistics support and implementation of the Corps Environmental participates on Integrated Action Teams, including Operating Principles (EOP). The Board held one leading the team to develop an Assessment of the public meeting in FY 2010 — 22 January 2010 in Marine Transportation System. A contract was Mobile, Alabama — which provided the Board the awarded to the Department of Transportation‘s Volpe opportunity to meet with Mobile District staff to Center in 2007 to assist with the assessment and work discuss how the district has implemented the EOP's continued from 2008 through 2010. This effort and how it has been able to utilize Research and included a main report and six supporting volumes on Development products produced by the USACE the challenges facing the MTS. The draft documents laboratories. During the year, the Chief of Engineers were completed in 2010. On July 19, 2010, President has requested the Board‘s input on the Principles and Obama signed an Executive Order establishing a Standards (P&S) and Principles and Guidelines National Policy for the Stewardship of the Ocean, (P&G). In response the Board provided comments Coasts, and Great Lakes. That Executive Order by letter to the Council on Environmental Quality on adopts the Final Recommendations of the their draft of the P&S. In addition, the Board Interagency Ocean Policy Task Force report, provided requested comments to the Chief on short- including nine national priority objectives and seven and long-term environmental implications of the goals for coastal and marine spatial planning. The Deepwater Horizon Incident. CMTS is specifically referenced in the Ocean Policy Task Force Report to coordinate with the National Inland Waterways Users Board: The Inland Ocean Council, albeit through the National Economic Waterways Users Board (IWUB) was established by Council, a mechanism yet to be fully established. As Section 302 of the Water Resources Development Act such, the decision was made to re-direct the current of 1986 (P.L. 99-662) and pursuant to the Board‘s MTS Assessment Integrated Action Team work charter, approved by the Secretary of the Army on toward the development of the proposed CMTS March 3, 1987. The principal responsibility of the Ocean Policy response. The Assessment IAT has Board is to recommend to the Congress, the Secretary collected extensive background information that will of the Army, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers be utilized in the proposed CMTS Ocean Policy the prioritization of new and replacement navigation response. construction and major rehabilitation projects. The Board is a Federal advisory committee and as such Coastal Engineering Research Board: The Coastal subject to the requirements of the Federal Advisory Engineering Research Board (CERB) provides broad Committee Act (P.L. 92-463, as amended). policy guidance and review of plans and requirements for the conduct of research and During FY 2010, IWR continued its technical and development in support of coastal engineering and administrative support of the Board, including the the objectives of the Chief of Engineers. In FY 2010 analysis of and reporting on the financial status and IWR supported the Director of Civil Works in capability of the Inland Waterway Trust Fund, organizing the November 2009 Executive Session of assisting in the preparation of the IWUB Annual the Board in Washington, DC, whose purpose was to Report to the Secretary of the Army and the Congress , review a number of ongoing Board areas of interest evaluating potential candidates nominated for Board including examining data needs to support systems membership, and administration of two IWUB

43-30

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES meetings including No. 62 on December 15, 2009 in with USACE leadership for the Devils Lake New Orleans, LA and No. 63 on April 13, 2010 in Inter-Agency Initiative, which led to a draft Springfield, VA. report for Office of Management and Budget.

Collaborative Planning: IWR has a long history both Capacity Building of applying collaborative modeling tools through its signature Shared Vision Planning (SVP) process, and The Center conducted workshops for the in developing tools and providing technical assistance Collaborative Capacity Assessment Initiative at in conflict resolution and public participation. During five Division offices and Headquarters; FY 2010, IWR continued to focus on developing new conceptual and methodological foundations, building In July 2010, members of the staff of the Center awareness of collaborative planning tools, and conducted a week long Shared Vision Planning assisting Corps offices and states in improving public workshop with stakeholders and the National participation in water resources planning and decision Water Authority in the Chili River Basin, making. Arequipa Peru;

The Institute is the home of the Corps Conflict In May 2010, the Center published a report Resolution and Public Participation Center. entitled ―How to Conduct a Shared Vision Designated as a Center of Expertise and Directory of Planning Process‖ as IWR Publication 10-R-6. Expertise in October 2008, the mission of the Center is to help Corps staff anticipate, prevent, and manage Information Exchange water conflicts, ensuring that the interests of the public are addressed in Corps decision making. The Center developed a Risk Communication and Public Participation (RCPP) Community of During FY 2010 the Center provided technical Practice SharePoint Site with over 230 members, assistance to Districts and Divisions on collaborative including a network of USACE facilitators from processes, completed a baseline assessment of across Corps divisions and business lines; USACE collaborative capacity, released several reports on environmental conflict resolution and The Center hosted a webinar series, including collaborative processes, and launched a Public ―Environmental Conflict Resolution in USACE‖, Participation and Risk Communication Community ―The Services and Strategic Plan of CPC‖, and of Practice (CoP). the ―Risk Communication and Public Participation CoP‖; By focusing on its five goals of consultation services, capacity building, information exchange, policy The Center organized and led a presentation support, and research, the Center of Expertise track on collaborative tools and processes, contributes to both Goal 2 and 4 of the USACE including Shared Vision Planning case studies, Campaign Plan. The Center works to ―Deliver lessons learned, evaluation tools, and best enduring and essential water resource solutions practices at the World Environmental and Water through collaboration with partners and stakeholders‖ Resources Congress 2010, sponsored by the (Goal 2) and ―Communicate strategically and Environmental and Water Resources Institute of transparently‖ (Objective 4b). the American Society of Civil Engineers in Providence, Rhode Island in May 2010. Highlights of FY 2010 activities include the following: Policy Support

Consultation Services The staff of the Center compiled and published th the 4 Annual Report on Environmental Conflict The Center supported USACE Headquarters Resolution for the Council on Environmental Project Management and Planning senior leaders Quality, on behalf of the Office of the Assistant in developing and facilitating a Continuing Secretary of the Army for Civil Works; Authorities Program Summit for approximately 60 Corps personnel from across the Corps; The staff of the Center developed and improved

a framework and methodologies to encourage The Center designed and facilitated a two-day public involvement in selecting the appropriate inter-agency technical working group meeting

43 -31 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

flood risk management plan, documented in the and internationally, where methods used in draft report ―Public Involvement Framework and Sustainable Rivers are now being applied in Asia, Implementation Plan for Flood Risk Africa, and South America. In 2008, the USACE Management‖ for the Interagency Performance received The Nature Conservancy's Outstanding Evaluation Task Force Hurricane Protection Partner Award in recognition of the broad and Decision Chronology Implementation Team. successful partnership between the two organizations. The next USACE-TNC Partnership Conference is Research scheduled for the Fall of 2011 and will mark more than a decade of collaboration since the signing of a The Center convened a panel of experts from the national memorandum of understanding between the Corps, academia, and other agencies to identify two organizations in December 2000. An HEC the challenges associated with communicating Senior Hydraulic Engineer, is the Corps Technical flood risk throughout the disaster cycle, and Liaison with TNC on the SRP program. In that discussed principles and approaches for capacity he continues to foster the program by addressing these challenges within the context of working with representatives from the Corps and the National Flood Risk Management Program; TNC on technical and modeling issues.

Members of the staff of the Center participated Academic and Professional Practice Partnerships on the National Technology and Environmental Conflict Resolution coordinating committee to Universities identify best practices and create an awards program for the use of technology in In FY 2010 the Institute continued its efforts to environmental conflict resolution processes; expand its partnership with academic institutions and professional practice organizations. During 2010 the The Center published two reports on Shared Institute signed Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) Vision Planning entitled ―Analysis of Process with two new partners, Florida International Issues in Shared Vision Planning Cases‖ (IWR University (MoU signed January 12, 2010) and the Publication 2009-R-05, dated September 2009) National Institutes for Water Resources (MoU signed and ―Performance Measures to Assess the October 17, 2009). Benefits of Shared Vision Planning and Other Collaborative Modeling Processes‖ (IWR Florida International University (FIU) is the lead Publication 2009-R-07, dated November 2009). institution of the Global Water for Sustainability (GLOWS) program, a consortium of U.S. and The Nature Conservancy Sustainable Rivers international organizations with extensive experience Project: Begun in July 2002, the Sustainable Rivers and expertise in integrated water resources Project is a nationwide partnership between the management, financed by the United States Agency USACE and The Nature Conservancy (TNC) to for International Development (USAID). FIU is also restore the health and life of rivers across the United the home of the NASA sponsored WaterSCAPES States. This nationwide effort to modify operations University Research Center. WaterSCAPES of Corps dams to improve ecosystems, while (Science of Coupled Aquatic Processes in maintaining or enhancing project benefits, currently Ecosystems from Space) focuses on an integrated set involves work on eight rivers systems - the of research and education activities centered on the Willamette in Oregon, the Bill Williams in Arizona, interaction between the hydrologic cycle and the Green in Kentucky, the Savannah in Georgia and vegetation dynamics at the scale of ecosystems, South Carolina, the Roanoke in North Carolina and analyzing the spatial and temporal changes on this Virginia, the White, Black, and Little Red in interaction and determining the influence of these Arkansas and Missouri, the Connecticut in New changes on water cycling, vegetation structure, Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts and biomass dynamics and biodiversity. Collaboration Connecticut, and Big Cypress Creek in Texas and between the Institute and FIU will focus on pursuing Louisiana. Sustainable Rivers is working towards its opportunities in the field of integrated water goals through a combination of partnered activities, resources management, scientific research and including demonstration projects, training, software capacity building for developing countries and development, and staff exchanges via the countries in transition. Intergovernmental Personnel Act. Successes already achieved are attracting interest from other river The National Institutes for Water Resources (NIWR) management interests both within the United States is a 501(c)4 organization that represents the 54 state

43-32

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES and territorial Water Research Institutes and Centers issues on a global scale and the application of in their collective activities to (1) advance competent technological improvements in water resource research that addresses water problems or expands management, allowing for cooperation in the field of the understanding of water and water-related global water science, integrated water resources phenomena; (2) aids the entry of new research management, and interdisciplinary scientific research scientists into the water resources field; (3) helps and capacity building, particularly in developing and train future water scientists and engineers; (4) infuses emerging countries and post-disaster nations and the results of sponsored research to water managers regions. and the public; and (5) focuses on applied research, including practical applications to improve water The Oregon State University (MoU signed supply reliability and helps resolve water issues, September 20, 2007) Institute for Water and working under the general guidance of the Secretary Watersheds, focuses on integrated water resource of the Interior, through the U.S. Geological Survey management, sustainable development, ecological (USGS). NIWR networks these various Institutes design, ecosystem restoration, and environmental into a coordinated unit, and facilitates, as appropriate, conflict resolution, allowing for cooperation in the response of the Water Research Institutes and its numerous areas including infrastructure development, membership to other mutual concerns and interests in adaptive management and adaptation to global water. The Institute and the NIWR will use their best climate change, flood risk management, hydrologic efforts to establish a long-term cooperation and analysis, risk analysis and systems modeling, partnership in the development and practice of environmental restoration, ecological design, integrated water resources management through consensus building, conflict resolution, alternative scientific research and joint activities or programs dispute resolution, and shared vision planning. that support National, regional, and local water resources needs. Professional Practice Organizations

The Institute has previously entered into Memoranda In FY 2010 the Institute continued to explore of Understanding with the following educational cooperative opportunities with its various institutions. Each of the institutions has unique Professional Practice Organizations with whom it has program features that compliment the strengths and entered into Memoranda of Understanding, including talent of the Institute. the Environmental and Water Resources Institute (EWRI) of the American Society of Civil Engineers Colorado State University, Civil and Environmental (ASCE) (MoU signed August 4, 2007), the American Engineering Department/International School for Water Resources Association (AWRA) (MoU signed Water Resources (MoU signed January 7, 2008). December 20, 2007), and the Global Water This partnership with Colorado State University will Partnership (GWP) (MoU signed October 9, 2007). facilitate cooperation in research in a number of areas including integrated water resources management, The Institute and these organizations have a common scientific research in the adaptation to global climate interest in integrated water resources management, change and its impacts on water resources, and environmentally sustainable development, methods for understanding and managing extreme engineering and scientific excellence, water resources hydrological events and related natural hazards and education, technology transfer and capacity building. disaster preparedness. MoU‘s with these organizations will further the Institute‘s and their efforts towards developing The University of Arizona (MoU signed September procedures and methods for integrated water 7, 2007) is home to the National Science resources management in support of sustainable Foundation‘s Science and Technology Center for development, adaptation to global climate change and Sustainability of Semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian its impact on water resources, energy and water Areas (SAHARA), thus allowing the Institute and the sustainability, ecosystem markets development, University to focus on sustainable development and development of new concepts and practices in the sound water management policies, particularly in arid area of critical infrastructure sustainability and and semi-arid climates. recapitalization, and establishing a long term basis for cooperative efforts in areas including flood risk The University of New Hampshire (MoU signed management, hydrologic analysis, risk analysis and September 14, 2007) Institute for the Study of Earth, systems modeling, environmental restoration, Oceans, and Space, Water Systems Analysis Group, ecological design, eco-hydrologic analysis and water focuses on the understanding of water resources

43 -33 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010 quality, and capacity building, training, and research on the determination of the optimal scale for technology transfer. geographic service areas in compensatory mitigation; infrastructure decommissioning; and the evolving IWR Visiting Scholar Programs: The Institute political economy of rivers. benefits from supporting a number of visiting scholar programs. These programs seek to bring the foremost The 2010-2011 Frederick J. Clarke Visiting Scholar is water resources experts from academia, private Dr. G. Mathias (Matt) Kondolf, Professor of industry and other agencies and laboratories to Landscape Architecture and Geography at the residence at IWR or HEC for periods of six months to University of California, Berkeley. While at IWR, Dr. one year. Visiting scholars are expected to infuse new Kondolf will focus his research on the technical and energy, perspectives and ideas to the IWR program, policy advancements of regional sediment while the practical work environment at IWR and HEC management. provides a stimulating context for mutual exploration of potential advances in water resources planning and FY 2010 was the seventh year for two other designated hydrologic engineering and analysis. visiting scholar positions: the Universities Council on Water Resources fellowship, a program established in FY 2010 marked the ninth year of the Institute‘s Maass partnership with the Universities Council on Water - White Visiting Scholar program, established in 2001 Resources (UCOWR), and the Leo R. Beard Visiting in recognition of the contributions of, and the Scholar program at the Hydrologic Engineering Institute‘s intellectual alignment with, two of the Center, named in honor of the founding director of founders of modern water resources planning‘s HEC. Mr. Beard had strong ties to scholars in the theoretical underpinnings — Professor Arthur Maass profession. As part of the part of the program, of Harvard University, and Professor Gilbert White of hydrologic and hydraulic professionals are invited to the University of Colorado. HEC to address critical issues or problems HEC and others within the Corps have encountered. Faculty Dr. Kenneth Strzepek, Professor of Civil, from a number of universities, engineers from other Environmental, and Architectural Engineering at the agencies and members of the private sector have University of Colorado at Boulder, joined the Institute participated in the program. The experience and the in 2009 as the Maass- White Visiting Scholar for exchange of ideas between HEC and the Visiting 2009-2010. Dr. Strzepek brings valuable expertise in Scholars have proven to be intellectually satisfying the field of climate change adaptation to the and productive for both HEC and the visitors Institute‘s work in the field of climate change and themselves. adaptation of water resources management. Dr. Strzepek‘s previous experience with the World Bank During FY 2010, Dr. Eric Larsen from the University will make him a valuable participant in the Corps' of California at Davis participated in the program. efforts to develop technically sound, practical plans Among other things, Dr. Larsen performed a and procedures for water adaptation to climate comparison of a number of pieces of software that change. could be used to study ecosystem responses to changing flow regimes. His research culminated in a FY 2010 marked the second year of the Frederick J. report entitled ―Review Summary of Selected Clarke Visiting Scholar program, named in honor of Software Packages for Ecosystem Habitat and Lieutenant General Frederick J. Clarke, Chief of Attribute Modeling‖. HEC and others within the Engineers from 1969-1973. Lieutenant General Corps will be able to use this report to help them Clarke was instrumental in securing expert, decide which piece of software they should use to independent advice on environmental issues facing the evaluate proposed ecosystem projects. Dr. Larsen Corps by founding the Environmental Advisory Board. also worked with the staff of the Center on sediment The Frederick J. Clarke Visiting Scholar program transport issues. In FY 2011, HEC expects to work provides scholars the opportunity to advise the Corps with another Visiting Scholar who will investigate on important policy issues related to the Corps how to generate rainfall records from data available environmental mission. from satellite imagery.

Dr. Martin Doyle, Associate Professor in the FY 2010 marked the third year since the establishment Department of Geography at the University of North of two new post-doctoral Fellows programs: the Carolina at Chapel Hill, has been selected at the National Research Council (NRC) Research inaugural Frederick J. Clarke Visiting Scholar for Associateship and the American Association for the 2009-2010. While at IWR, Dr. Doyle focused his Advancement of Science (AAAS) Science and

43-34

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES

Technology Policy Fellows program. IWR and HEC Gordon McKay Professor of Environmental underwent a rigorous certification process by Engineering and Professor of City and Regional independent reviewers in order to qualify for these Planning at Harvard University co-authored with Ms. visiting scholars and post-doctoral fellows programs. Susan Leal a book entitled “Running Out Of Water: The Looming Crisis and Solutions to Conserve Out During FY 2010 Dr. Guillermo Mendoza, a recipient Most Precious Resource.‖ The book describes the of a Ph.D. in Bioresource Engineering from Cornell scope of water supply issues facing the water as well University in 2002, continued at the Institute as a as strategies for averting a water shortage crisis. National Research Council Research Associate after joining the Institute in 2009. Dr. Mendoza will support the work of the International Center for WATER RESOURCES Integrated Water Resource Management (ICIWaRM) METHODS AND MODELS and the Center of Expertise on Conflict Resolution and Public Participation. Two major IWR focus areas are (1) the evaluation of engineering, economic, social, institutional and During FY 2010, Dr. Aleix Serrat-Capdevila, environmental needs and, to address those needs, (2) Research Assistant Professor at the Department of the development, transfer and application of improved Hydrology and Water Resources, University of water resources analytical techniques, models and Arizona, joined the Institute as a NRC Research information systems. The goal is to produce state-of- Associate for the period 2010-2011. Dr. Serrat- the-art multi-purpose planning and hydrologic Capdevila will support the work of the International engineering methods and models to support investment Center for Integrated Water Resource Management decisions. This is accomplished by means of programs (ICIWaRM) and the Center of Expertise on Conflict in research, training, planning analysis and technical Resolution and Public Participation. assistance.

Previous IWR visiting scholars have included: Planning Models Improvement Program: In compliance with HQUSACE guidance EC 1105-2- . Maass-White Visiting Scholars: Dr. Daniel 407, ―Planning Models Improvement Program: (Pete) Loucks, Cornell University (2002- Model Certification‖, IWR has established a model 2003), Dr. Peter Rogers, Harvard University certification program and is actively pursuing the (2003-2004), Dr. Leonard Shabman, certification of existing and new models. In FY Resources for the Future, (2004-2006), Dr. 2009, IWR Planning Suite Version 1.0.9.0 was Gerald Galloway, University of Maryland certified to be in compliance with the requirements of (2006-2007), and Dr. Yacov Haimes, the Planning Models Improvement Program. Also, in University of Virginia (2007-2008). FY 2009, HEC-FDA, (Flood Damage Reduction . UCOWR Fellow: Dr. Bruce Hooper, Analysis) Version 1.2.4, a frequency-based model for Southern Illinois University (2004-2005); Dr. the estimation of inundation damages, was submitted Paul Kirshen, Tufts University (2007–2009). for certification by the Hydrologic Engineering . Leo R. Beard Visiting Scholar: Mr. William Center. Documentation for the review and A. Thomas, founder and president of Mobile certification of HEC-EFM (Ecosystems Function Boundary Hydraulics (2004-2005); Dr. Jery Model) was submitted to the Ecosystem Restoration Stedinger, Cornell University (2005-2006); Planning Center of Expertise and is awaiting review. Dr. David W. Watkins, Jr., Michigan HarborSym, a simulation model for the evaluation of Technological University (2008). widening of navigation channels, is currently under . IWR NRC Research Associate: Dr. Peter review for certification. Rogers, Colorado State University (2006- 2007), Dr. Jason Giovannettone, Duke IWR continues to actively participate in the University (2006-2007, at HEC); Dr. Stacy nationwide model certification efforts, providing Langsdale, University of British Columbia input on policy and processes and as a member of the (2007-2009); Dr. Michael Deegan, University HQUSACE Model Certification Panel. of Albany (2008-2009). . AAAS Fellow: Dr. Alexey Voinov, Navigation Economic Technologies Research: For University of Vermont, (2006-2007). more than a century the USACE has played a key role in maintaining a robust national economy by In September 2010, Dr. Peter Rogers, former Maass- ensuring that farmers, manufacturers and businesses White Visiting Scholar at the Institute and current can easily transport goods up and down our Nation‘s

43 -35 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010 rivers and out to sea via coastal ports. The NETS researchers conducted event studies of the Navigation Economic Technologies (NETS) unplanned closure of lock structures at McAlpine Research Program supports the navigation mission of Lock, Greenup Lock, Lock 27 on the Upper the Corps by developing state-of-the-art, credible, Mississippi River, and locks on the Upper independently verified economic models, tools and Mississippi River in association with flood techniques used by USACE planners in informing events in June 2008. investment decision making at all levels of the agency. The knowledge and tools developed by the The NETS research program was concluded in FY NETS research program are based on reviews of 2009. The NETS web site economic transportation and market theory, current www.nets.iwr.usace.army.mil is a publicly available best practices both within and outside of the USACE; archive of the research program. data needs and availability; and peer recommendations. Environmental Sustainability: The Environmental Sustainability Project, managed by Dr. Richard Cole, The NETS program developed tools and techniques includes activities that pertain to the implementation in the following areas of investigation: of the Environmental Operating Principles. A new metric for measuring the benefits from ecosystem The Global Grain forecasting model was restoration projects (the Biodiversity Security Index certified by the Corps and used for the Upper or BSI) was refined and published as ERDC Mississippi River – Illinois Waterway Navigation Technical Report ERDC/EL TR-10-12 ―A New and Ecosystem Program (NESP) study. Nonmonetary Metric for Indicating Environmental Benefits from Ecosystem Restoration Projects of the The Survey Model was also certified by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers‖ dated July 2010. Corps and used for the NESP study. The Survey Another technical report on nonmonetary model incorporates the findings of NETS shipper measurement of environmental benefits was nearing response research, directly responding to publication at the end of the year. An ERDC criticisms made by the National Academy of technical note on the BSI has been peer reviewed and Sciences to the structure and inputs of previous submitted for final publication editing. A third models. ERDC technical report comparing the new metric The channel widening version of the HarborSym with other metrics and a journal article on the new model continues to be used by Corps district metric are in peer review. New research on the BSI offices. Model certification has begun on the was conducted in a case study comparison of it with a HarborSym channel widening model. The metric now used to set funding priorities for NETS team extended HarborSym functionality feasibility studies in the ecosystem restoration to include channel deepening analysis for bulk program. A draft ERDC technical report was carriers. submitted for peer review. Two USACE reports are in final review on sustainability concepts and Prototypes for suite modules have been principles are in final preparation for publication. An developed for the Navigation System Simulation IWR report presenting a framework for achieving (NaSS). environmental sustainability by USACE was in final preparation for publication in September of 2009. NETS‘ shipper response research (also known as Four papers on these topics were presented at the ―Wilson-Train‖ Technique) is being national conferences. incorporated into Corps legacy models. Working with the Planning Center of Expertise IWR Planning Suite: In FY 2010 the Planning for Inland Navigation, NETS completed a survey Suite was updated to include a module to annualize to estimate the shape of the shipper response costs and benefits in accordance with Corps policy curves on the Ohio River. The NETS team and guidance (Version 2.0.6.0) and was certified by worked in conjunction with the Oak Ridge HQUSACE in compliance with the requirements of National Laboratory and the Planning Center of the Planning Model Improvement Program (PMIP) Expertise for Inland Navigation to incorporate guidance. The ―annualization‖ module computes the these results into the Ohio River Navigation annualized cost and outputs based on user provided Investment Model (ORNIM). implementation costs, discount rate, periodic NETS researchers developed techniques to operation and maintenance costs, period of analysis, evaluate and forecast container freight traffic. benefits streams, ecological response rates, etc. This model is a water resources investment decision

43-36

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES support tool that performs computations associated actions based on management priorities. IWR is also with cost-effectiveness and incremental cost analyses working to improve the WIDT by incorporation of a used during the formulation and evaluation of Web based program that supports multi-factor planning alternatives that involve monetary and non- analysis of large geospatial data sets at very fast monetary costs and benefits. Originally designed to processing speeds to improve performance. The assist with the development and comparison of WIDT will facilitate and expedite efforts to deliver alternative plans for ecosystem restoration and knowledge-based decision support, ecological watershed planning studies, the program is a standard analyses, and assessments of asset/resource-stressor piece of software applied during integrated water relationships at any geographic scale, under resources planning activities to assist with alternative future conditions and under alternative identification of cost-efficient plans and sound climate change scenarios. financial investments. In addition to automating computations, the software facilitates synthesis of IWR is spearheading a pilot application of the required standard charts and tables. Cost- Watershed Investment Decision Tool (WIDT) in the effectiveness and Incremental Cost Analysis along Willamette Watershed for spillway gate overhaul that with a software demonstration was provided at two incorporates decision logic of the district into a PROSPECT training courses. The ―Multi-Criteria model that sets a priority for gate overhaul based on Decision Analysis‖ module remains to be completed downstream environmental consequences and gate along with an updated users manual. A functional condition. Selection criteria that are being version is pending certification and associated incorporated into the WIDT include options to funding. A preliminary version of an uncertainty minimize loss of benefits during specific reservoir module was developed to assist with decision- level restrictions, requirements of cost sharing making. The functional alpha/beta test version of the agreements, engineering performance and reliability, uncertainty module provides users with opportunities and linkages to existing watershed plans including to assign probability distributions to monetary and established Biological Opinions on identified non-monetary costs and benefits, or individual endangered species. Currently, the WIDT team is variables comprising either, and implements Monte- working with the Portland District office to apply Carlo analysis to yield risk-informed cost- updated decision weights and business rules in a effectiveness and incremental cost analysis (to second iteration of the model. This partnership is identify which alternatives are most likely to be cost critical in developing a robust and realistic logic effective over the widest range of anticipated engine into the WIDT to support this complex conditions and/or identified variability or decision making process and provide valuable and uncertainties in costs and benefits). Further accurate output. The application of this geospatial development and completion of the module is data analysis, decision-support technology through a pending availability of funding. real world District application illustrates its support across Campaign Plan Goal 2. Watershed Investment Decision Tool: The Watershed Based Investment Decision Tool (WIDT) IWR Regulatory Support: IWR supports the is a web-based utility being developed by the U.S. Regulatory Sub-CoP through policy analysis and Army Corps of Engineers to facilitate geospatial training. In FY 2010, IWR continued its support for analyses and decision support nationwide and across the USACE headquarters implementation of the 2008 all the Corps Civil Works business lines (ecosystem Mitigation Rule (―Compensatory Mitigation for restoration, flood risk management and coastal storm Losses of Aquatic Resources: Final Rule, Federal damage reduction, hydropower, navigation, Register, April 10, 2008, p. 19594). IWR drafted regulatory, recreation management, and emergency support documents for the rule, specifically a management). The WIDT links users with Financial Assurances Technical Document and a information residing in databases within and outside Real Estate/Site Protection Handbook, as well as the Corps, and provides users with techniques for continuing to conduct the Corps Regulatory visually illustrating and summarizing multiple types Mitigation Workshops focusing on rule of data important to Corps decision-makers at implementation. IWR continued its major role in multiple reporting scales (National, District, teaching the interagency course entitled ―Mitigation Division, Basin). The Corps is partnering with the Banking Interagency Review Team Training‖ at the U.S. Forest Service and the University of Redlands National Conservation Training Center in (California) to integrate the strengths of Ecosystem Shepherdstown, WV in June 2010. Management Decision Support (EMDS) software to enable landscape-scale evaluations of potential

43 -37 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

IWR also continued its long-standing support to economic forecasts from Informa Economics, Inc. USACE headquarters in managing the Regulatory and IHS Global Insight, and continued work on the Branch Chief‘s Meeting and the Regulatory development of cruise ship, Great Lakes and Executive Seminar, as well as the Leadership oceangoing barge vessel operating costs, and a Development Seminar held in July 2010. containership trade model. The Global Insight service also includes updated barge and rail IWR oversaw the management and maintenance of transportation modal cost models. Proposed future the Corps regulatory database — ORM 2.0 — the work if funding is available includes customization of second version of the OMBIL (Operations and Global Insight‘s ―Trade Navigator‖ software to Maintenance Business Information Link) Regulatory provide disaggregation of trade forecasts down to the Module. In addition, IWR continued to actively individual port level. manage the Regional Internet Bank Information Transfer System (RIBITS), a compensatory Flood Damage Data: The Flood Damage Data mitigation bank data program, including providing Collection Program is intended to produce generic training and district support. Important information relationships for computing expected annual flood regarding mitigation banks from a majority of losses and tools for the collection and management of USACE District offices is now available on-line in floodplain inventory data. In FY 2010, IWR initiated RIBITS. an expert elicitation to revise nonresidential damage functions with improved uncertainty data. Analysis During FY 2010, IWR, in coordination with ERDC, was done for residential clean up costs, in preparation provided support for technical and scientific for an Economic Guidance Memorandum to include initiatives such as the publication of regional both residential and nonresidential cleanup cost. supplements to the 1987 Corps Wetlands Delineation Work was initiated on the redesign of IWR-GeoFIT Manual, a draft National Wetlands Plant List and a (Geospatial Floodplain Inventory Tool). The basic cumulative impacts analysis prototype using GIS data elements of a structure valuation and depreciation for the Appalachia region associated with surface procedures have been completed. Basic elements of mining activities. the software design have been identified.

Water supply permitting, including water supply and System-Wide Water Resources Research demand evaluations, continues to be of national (SWWRP): The System-Wide Water Resources importance. IWR has worked with District offices to Research (SWWRP) program is a joint effort identify local and national strategies and directed a between IWR, led by HEC, and ERDC, focusing on private sector firm to prepare a report on how non- expanding research activities to the ―System Wide‖ Federal agencies evaluate water supply and demand. perspective, reflecting a concerted effort by USACE to follow concepts of sustainable development in a Transportation Systems: The Transportation watershed context. Funding from SWWRP supports Systems Program supports HQUSACE and USACE the development of multiple software packages that district offices in accomplishing waterborne are widely used throughout the USACE and the navigation project planning and evaluation professional engineering community, including: responsibilities through the provision of (1) uniform HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Modeling System), HEC- and consistent maritime transportation data RAS (River Analysis System), and HEC-WAT concerning costs of operation and replacement of (Watershed Analysis Tool). foreign-flag and domestic commercial vessels and (2) comprehensive statistics on the composition and In addition to the HEC-developed software modeling physical parameters of the world deep draft fleet and applications, collaborative efforts are also underway the domestic shallow-draft inland fleet. Macro-level between HEC and ERDC. One example is the world trade and cargo flow forecasts are also integration of HEC-ResSim and the ERDC software provided. Work completed in 2010 included CE-Qual-W2. A second example is the integration of updating of vessel operating costs for both the deep HEC-RAS and ERDC‘s Adaptive Hydraulics and shallow-draft fleets with an increase in statistical software, ADH. (ADH is an adaptive hydraulics samples and the number of ship types covered modeling system developed by ERDC‘s Coastal and compared to previous years; updated world trade and Hydraulics laboratory capable of handling both commodity flow forecasts through 2028; distribution saturated and unsaturated groundwater, overland of updated materials and statistics from various flow, three-dimensional Navier-Stokes flow, and maritime industry data subscriptions; renewal of new two- or three-dimensional shallow water problems.) multi-year contracts for transportation, trade and

43-38

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES

Also, the Nutrient Sub-Model, NSM, and a sediment HEC is also working on modifications to various library are being developed at ERDC‘s engineering guidance documents via the Guidance Environmental Laboratory. Both of these are being Update Management Program (GUMP) program. integrated with HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS models. Among others these documents included Engineer Another collaborative effort between HEC and Manual (EM) 1110-2-1413 ―Engineering and Design ERDC was the building of a Gridded – Hydrologic Analysis of Interior Areas‖, EM 1110- Surface/Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA) 2-4000 ―Engineering and Design - Sedimentation model plug-in that is available in the HEC-WAT Investigations of Rivers and Reservoirs‖, Engineer software. Details on these products are available on Regulation (ER) 1110-2-1400 ―Reservoir/Water the HEC website http://www.hec.usace.army.mil/. Control Centers‖, Engineer Technical Letter (ETL) The SWWRP program will conclude at the end of FY 1110-2- 299, ―Overtopping of Flood Control Levees 2011. and Floodwalls", ER 1110-2-240 "Engineering and Design - Water Control Management", and ER 1110- Flood and Coastal Storm Damage Reduction 2-241 ―Engineering and Design - Use of Storage Research (FCSDR): The Flood and Coastal Storm Allocated for Flood Control and Navigation at Non- Damage Reduction Research (FCSDR) program is a Corps Projects‖ to include materials generated from collaborative effort between ERDC and IWR. HEC research actions. is the lead office within IWR with regards to the FCSDR Program. The FCSDR program supports the Ecosystem Management and Restoration development of methods and tools to improve the Research Program (EMRRP): The Ecosystem analysis and modeling of flood damage and flood Management and Restoration Research Program damage reduction techniques, including risk and (EMRRP) is the Corps' tactical research and uncertainty. Funds from FCSDR support the development response to the demand for new and development of HEC-WAT (Watershed Analysis expanding technologies to address the need for Tool), HEC-ResSIM (Reservoir Simulation Model), ecosystem assessment, restoration, and management HEC-SSP (Statistical Software Package), FRM activities at the project level. Technologies (Flood Risk Management) compute option within developed under the EMRRP build upon a sound HEC-WAT, HEC-FDA (Flood Damage Analysis), understanding of ecosystem functions, which lead to and HEC-FIA (Flood Impact Analysis). Details on sustainable stewardship of Corps resources. The all of these products are available on the HEC EMMRP provides funds for the development of the website http://www.hec.usace.army.mil/. HEC-EFM (Ecosystems Function Model) software. HEC-EFM is designed to help study teams determine IWR-HEC H&H and Risk and Uncertainty: ecosystem responses to changes in the flow regime of Funds from the FCSDR program support the a river or connected wetlands. Using HEC-EFM, development of the FRM (Flood Risk study teams are be able to visualize and define Management) compute option within HEC-WAT existing ecologic conditions, highlight promising software. FRM is the next generation of the restoration sites, and assess and rank alternatives Hydrologic Engineering Center‘s Flood Damage according to predicted changes in different aspects of Analysis (HEC-FDA) model. It is being the ecosystem. Details on HEC-EFM are available constructed to include a systems approach, on the HEC website http://www.hec.usace.army.mil/. event-based sampling, the ability to do scenario analysis, and structure-by-structure, cost, non- Planning Methodologies: structural, loss-of-life, and agricultural damage analyses. The tool will accommodate many, if National Economic Development Manuals: IWR is not all, of the recommendations that the Corps continuing to update the National Economic concurred with from the National Research Development (NED) Manuals series, originally Council report ―Risk Analysis and Uncertainty in published between 1987 and 1991. The manuals are Flood Damage Reduction Studies” (published by important basic references for economists and others the National Academy Press in 2000) on the involved in planning and analysis of Federal water Corps‘ implementation of risk analysis for flood resource projects. The manuals discuss the principles damage reduction and it will also aid in and concepts associated with NED benefits and implementing the Chief of Engineers‘ Actions provide detailed procedures to measure and calculate for Change initiative. The initial application of benefits. The updated manuals will be exclusively the FRM compute option will be on the web-based to increase accessibility for field Columbia River System as part of the Columbia personnel, facilitate the maintenance and update of River Treaty (CRT) study. the manuals, improve the efficiency and effectiveness

43 -39 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010 of providing up-to-date information to the field, and handbook is the third item produced addressing the be responsive to a diverse audience. In FY 2009 the OSE account. Previous reports on this subject Economics Primer and the Overview NED Manual include an IWR white paper entitled ―Review of were completed. Additionally, the NED manuals Guidance and Procedures for Regional Economic website (www.CorpsNEDManuals.us) has been Development and Other Social Effects‖ (published in expanded to include a web-version of the 2010 Deep August 2006) and a research report entitled Draft Navigation Manual. The Coastal Storm Risk ―Theoretical Underpinnings of the OSE Account‖ Management Manual was sent for final review. (published in March 2007). The OSE Handbook, Additionally, preliminary updates to the 2008 Flood whose official title is ―Handbook on Applying „Other Risk Management Manual were under development Social Effects‟ Factors in Corps of Engineers Water and are scheduled to be completed by Fiscal Year Resources Planning‖ was published in December 2011 pending funding. 2009 as IWR Report 09-R-4 and is available on the IWR web site. An OSE training module has been Update of “Digest of Water Resources Policies and completed and is being beta tested in selected Authorities” and “U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Prospect training courses. A class exercise to Civil Works Policy Pocket Reference”: The policies accompany the training module is in development. and guidance established for the Corps of Engineers An OSE questionnaire for OMB approval is also in are contained in a voluminous body of public law, development. Executive Orders, Engineer Regulations, Engineer Manuals, and policy memoranda. In order to make Regional Economic Development Handbook: IWR is this guidance more accessible to users, the Corps of in the process of finalizing a handbook on Regional Engineers publishes Engineer Pamphlet 1165-2-1, Economic Development (RED). The need to perform ―Digest of Water Resources Policies and Authorities‖ RED has grown in recent years given the renewed (also referenced as the ―Policy Digest‖). The last emphasis in EC 1105-2-409, ―Planning in a revision of the Policy Digest occurred in 1999. This Collaborative Environment‖ on the consideration of pamphlet is a ready reference, providing a brief all four accounts (National Economic Development summary, in digest form, of the existing (NED), Environmental Quality (EQ), RED, and administrative and legislative water resources Other Social Effects (OSE)). This handbook will policies and authorities pertinent to the Civil Works provide valuable tools and insights into the use of activities of the Corps of Engineers. In order to RED analysis. It includes discussion of RED for maintain the value of the Policy Digest as a reference each of the Corps' business lines. Consideration of tool, IWR has revised the Policy Digest to bring the RED impacts in the planning process will result in reference up to date. The updated Policy Digest has more comprehensive accounting of project been internally reviewed and will be released as a contributions and effects. The draft RED Handbook web-based publication with hyperlinks to original was reviewed internally and externally in FY 2009 policy sources in 2011. and formally approved by IWR‘s Editorial Review Board in September 2010. It will be published in FY A companion of the Policy Digest is the ―U.S. Army 2011. Corps of Engineers Civil Works Policy Pocket Reference‖ (also referred to as the ―Pocket Digest‖). Multi-Objective Planning Manual: In response to ER This ready reference was last updated in December 1105-2-100 (―Planning Guidance Notebook‖), EC 2005 and has also been revised at IWR to include 1105-2-404 (―Planning Civil Works Projects Under policy changes. It will be released as an abbreviated the Environmental Operating Principles‖) and EC hardcopy pocket edition of the larger Policy Digest. 1105-2-409 (―Planning in a Collaborative Environment‖), the Corps has been increasingly Other Social Effects (OSE) Handbook: EC 1105-2- encouraged to formulate projects having multiple 409, ―Planning in a Collaborative Environment‖ objectives. Since few Districts have performed true reemphasizes the importance of fully considering the multi-objective planning, IWR is developing this Other Social Effects (OSE) and Regional Economic manual to educate planners how to perform this more Development (RED) accounts in project complex type of decision making. HQUSACE and development, evaluation and decision making. The IWR recently made the decision to integrate this OSE handbook provides field analysts with the manual with a Plan Formulation Manual, which is framework and tools they need to perform an OSE expected to be completed during FY 2011. analysis. The handbook includes a framework and principles for OSE analysis, tools for performing analyses, and examples by business line. The OSE

43-40

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES

NexGen Software: HEC continued to enhance many Frequency Analysis is designed following software products and introduce new products. guidelines in EM 1110-2-1415, titled Released in FY 2010 were: ―Hydrologic Frequency Analysis‖. This analysis tool can be used to compute the exceedance HEC-HMS, Hydrologic Modeling System, frequency relationship for a variable that is a Version 3.5. New simulation features were function of two other variables, e.g., interior added to the HEC- HMS Version 3.5 software. pond elevation is a function of inflow into the A generalized canopy module was added to the pond and the exterior river stage. The curve subbasin element for simulating the interception combination analysis provides a tool for of precipitation. A generalized surface module combining frequency curves from multiple was also added to the subbasin element for sources into one frequency curve, such as simulating the capture of transient water on the observed historic measurements of annual land surface, and allowing it to infiltrate. A maximum stage, results from a hydrology model, specified diversion method was added that is and an estimate of the maximum stage from the suitable for simulating the effect of a monitored probable maximum flood. The curve withdrawal on system behavior. A gridded combination tool can be used to develop one parameter implementation of the Green-Ampt frequency curve that combines all these sources infiltration method was added. Finally, the of information. Muskingum-Cunge channel routing method was improved to better deal with very long HEC-EFM, Ecosystem Functions Model, simulation time periods. Version 2.0. EFM is designed to help determine ecosystem responses to changes in the flow HEC-FDA, Flood Damage Reduction regime of a river or connected wetlands. It Analysis, Version 1.2.5. This version replaces allows the study team to visualize and define version 1.2.4 which was released in 2008. existing ecologic conditions, highlight promising Version 1.2.5 primarily addresses speed issues restoration sites, and assess and rank alternatives related to database operations for large data sets. according to predicted changes in different HEC-FDA provides the capability to perform an aspects of the ecosystem. Version 2.0 offers integrated hydrologic engineering and economic several new features and improved software analysis during the formulation and evaluation of behaviors, including expanded statistical flood risk management plans. HEC-FDA is capabilities, metric units, user controlled output designed to assist study team members in using options, and enhanced user guidance. This is risk analysis procedures for formulating and also the first version of EFM that has HEC-EFM evaluating flood risk management measures and Plotter (1.0), which is an accessory for viewing, analyzing the economics of flood risk navigating, and interpreting output generated by management projects. It computes stage- EFM. HEC-EFM Plotter is also available for aggregated damage, expected annual damage download via HEC‘s website. (EAD) and equivalent annual damage and provides the annual exceedance probability HEC-RAS, River Analysis Systems Version (AEP) and conditional non-exceedance 4.1. HEC-RAS Version 4.1 was released in probability as required for levee certification. March of 2009 to the general public. Several new simulation features have been added to the HEC-SSP, Statistical Software Package, program since that time. Version 4.2 of HEC- Version 2.0. This is a new release of the HEC- RAS will include the following new features: SSP software. It includes enhancements to existing capabilities and new capabilities. Automated Manning‘s n-value calibration; Enhancements were added to the General Frequency and Volume Frequency analyses New Hydraulic Outlet Features for an HEC- along with continued improvements for RAS Inline Structure (Culverts, Rating customization of output graphs. New statistical Curves, and Time series Outlet); analyses include a Duration Analysis, Coincident Frequency Analysis, and Curve Combination Linkages between HEC-RAS and the 2D Analysis. The duration analysis can be used to ADH Hydrodynamics code from ERDC; show the percent of time that a hydrologic variable is likely to equal or exceed some specific value of interest. The Coincident

43 -41 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

Improved Sediment Transport capabilities shall include economic, loss-of-life. HEC-FIA and additional functionality; has a graphical user interface (GUI) that allows the user to enter and edit data necessary for Advanced Rules capability for Pump impact analysis. Also, HEC-FIA is being used to Stations. develop the consequence models that are being used in the risk assessments that are being Other minor enhancements were also added. conducted under the dam safety program. The development team has also continued Official release of this software is expected in careful and systematic testing of the program early 2011. since the last release. The results of that testing in combination with reports from users has Finally, HEC made progress on a number of other allowed the identification and repair of various software development activities including HEC‘s and problems. Some minor problems that did not ERDC‘s continuing efforts to integrate HEC-ResSim affect results but caused problems in the program and CE-QUAL-W2 for modeling of water-quality interface have been repaired without being constraints on the operations of one or more specifically documented. reservoirs and HEC‘s and the USGS‘s continued work relationship with IHE-Deltares, to integrate More information about these software packages and HEC-RAS and the USGS MODFLOW software. other HEC software can be found on HEC‘s website, http://www.hec.usace.army.mil. INTEGRATED CIVIL WORKS SYSTEMS FY 2010 also saw improvements to: Performance based budgeting, performance HEC-WAT, Watershed Analysis Tool, measurement and program assessments are Version 1.0 (not yet released) The Watershed increasingly important. In response, IWR created a Analysis Tool (HEC-WAT) software was created corporate data warehouse of financial and navigation to help USACE study teams conduct watershed infrastructure inventory data, lock characteristics, and water resources studies in an integrated, navigation project profiles, OMBIL outputs, comprehensive and systems based analyses. waterborne commerce, lock performance, hydropower, HEC-WAT helps a study team perform the recreation, water supply, National Recreation necessary hydrologic, hydraulic, environmental, Reservation System and environmental stewardship and planning analyses by integrating the data. Data from these sources is linked, integrated and software that is commonly applied by the multi- combined to generate performance measures, which disciplinary study team. The HEC-WAT are then used in the budget process. framework uses software commonly applied by a study team when conducting a water resources OMBIL: The Operations and Maintenance Business study. Software such as HEC-HMS, HEC-SSP, Information Link (OMBIL) Plus, a centralized HEC-RAS, HEC-ResSim, HEC-DSSVue, HEC- performance management information system, FIA, HEC-EFM, HEC-GeoRAS, and HEC- encompasses the Civil Works business lines of GeoHMS are currently implemented within navigation, hydropower, recreation, environmental HEC-WAT thus allowing a study team to compliance, environmental stewardship, water supply perform many of the necessary hydrologic, and regulatory. The OMBIL decision support system hydraulic, and planning analyses all orchestrated distributes data to support a variety of Corps from a single interface. A beta version of the management initiatives, performance-based budgeting WAT was released in FY 2008 and is available and Federal and public data requirements. for use and testing. Official release of this software is expected in early 2011. In support of the Civil Works business performance measurements, the Navigation Data Center (NDC) HEC-FIA, Flood Impact Analysis, Version 2.2 extracts expenditure data from the USACE Financial (not yet released). HEC-FIA evaluates impacts Management System (CEFMS) and combines it with using either continuously observed or forecasted business output data to generate efficiency and hydrographs (hydrograph-based) or depth grids effectiveness measurements, including submissions to (GIS-based). For a specified analysis, the the Office of Management and Budget. NDC data program evaluates urban and agricultural flood supports and is a source of information and data used damage, area inundated, number of structures in the Corps “Value to the Nation” publications and inundated, and consequences. The consequences the Federal government‘s recreation access site:

43-42

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES http://www.recreation.gov. Navigation data is also quarter of FY 2011. Some of the improvements integrated with CorpsMap, providing an intranet web- include data validation/transformation, report based GIS interface. All of NDC‘s publicly available generation, and access to native model features. navigation and water transportation data is available at Other work under the aegis of CWMS includes www.ndc.iwr.usace.army.mil or on its annual CD- national database and COOP design. ROM. In addition to software development, HEC continues ORM 2.0: IWR has completed development and to be actively engaged with ACE-IT and the CWMS deployment of OMBIL Regulatory Module Version 2 management team in standard hardware platform (ORM 2.0). ORM 2.0 is a web-based geospatial design and service requirements for CWMS and other database application for tracking and managing all water control programs. This platform is known as aspects of the Corps regulatory process. ORM 2.0 the Water Management Enterprise Architecture was developed using a unique combination of Corps (WMeA) and includes data servers, storage devices, in-house expertise and contract support. ORM 2.0 switches, and dataports. This effort has produced a supports a consistent national business process for the more uniform and easily supported implementation regulatory program resulting in consistent tracking of water control data and modeling systems and reporting of program performance. ORM 2.0 throughout the Corps and support the uniform access integrates with USACE district enterprise geographic to water control data nationwide through access to information systems and other federal and state roll-up databases at the Corps enterprise processing agencies. ORM 2.0 provides the foundation for centers. The next major effort is to secure funding watershed based decision making in the Corps for a WMeA implementation project. Several field regulatory program. By the end of FY 2008, the offices have already purchased equipment based on database was deployed and historical data loaded for the WMeA design. The intent of the implementation all districts with continual improvements being project is to provide the field a standard template for implemented. setting up and configuring this equipment which would allow for efficiencies gains. Information Corps Water Management System (CWMS): The about CWMS and other HEC software is available on Corps Water Management System (CWMS) is a the HEC web site http://www.hec.usace.army.mil. comprehensive data acquisition and hydrologic modeling system developed by HEC for short-term decision support of water control operations in real WATER RESOURCES TRAINING time. CWMS supports field-level decision making AND EDUCATION within the Corps water management mission. It embodies data acquisition, validation, transformation The Institute for Water Resources, including HEC, has and management; forecasting, simulation and always been a leader in innovation within the Corps of decision support analysis; and information Engineers family. IWR has been responsible for dissemination. developing techniques and approaches for economic analysis, risk analysis, planning methodologies, public The first version of CWMS was released by HEC in involvement, conflict dispute resolution, water 2002. CWMS has been updated at roughly annual conservation and other topic areas. HEC, through the intervals at the thirty plus Corps offices with water development of hydraulic, hydrologic and planning control management responsibilities. HEC analysis methods and models, has built a reputation improvements to the system continue via a field- recognized throughout the world in the fields of prioritized betterments program. Version 1.5 was hydraulics and hydrology. Over the course of their released in FY 2007, and is the current production existence, both IWR and HEC have made considerable system. effort to build appropriate training vehicles for the instruction in the use of the various tools they have A major milestone was achieved in spring of 2010 developed. As a result, each office routinely offers when CWMS version 2.0 was fully deployed in the eight to twelve courses per year through the field. Fully deploying this version allows the field to Proponent-Sponsored Engineer Corps Training make major revisions to the basic database structures, (PROSPECT) program and/or through other training allows water control users more direct access to their venues, such as workshops and seminars. data and enables them to make more effective use of the features inherent in the commercial Oracle PROSPECT Program and Specialty Workshops: database at the center of CWMS. CWMS Version IWR is committed to technology transfer and the 2.1 is scheduled to be released during the fourth dissemination of its tools, processes and procedures.

43 -43 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

The organization and staff are committed to provide committed to keeping their work at home moving assistance in using our tools, through workshops, while participating in the program. telephone consultation or whatever may be necessary. Under the auspices of the PROSPECT program, HEC During FY 2010 IWR continued to support conducted the ecosystem-oriented training course technology transfer and capacity building throughout ―Water and the Watershed‖ and a full menu of the Corps through its engagement with the USACE hydrologic and hydraulic (H&H) engineering and Proponent Sponsored Engineer Corps Training planning analysis topics, including courses on H&H (PROSPECT) program. The National Capital Region for Dam Safety Studies; Risk Analysis for Flood office and the Hydrologic Engineering Center Damage Reduction Projects; Hydrologic Engineering presented seventeen week-long courses (seven led by Applications for GIS; Steady Flow Analysis with the IWR-NCR and ten by HEC). The PROSPECT HEC-RAS; Unsteady Flow Analysis with HEC-RAS; courses covered a wide range of Civil Works water Hydrologic Modeling with HEC-HMS; Reservoir resources topics including plan formulation; System Analysis with HEC-ResSim; and Flood collaborative planning; ecosystem restoration; flood Frequency Analysis. risk management; hydrologic and hydraulic engineering; public involvement and team planning; In addition to the PROSPECT training program, HEC public involvement and communications; water conducts specialized training classes for a variety of resources planning; and regulatory issues. Specialty clients. HEC support to the Civil Military workshops often use pieces of the PROSPECT Emergency Preparedness (CMEP) program continued training courses but generally, workshops are built in FY 2010 with a week-long training activity for specifically for the requesting office and often Tajikistan water managers and emergency included topics outside of the normal PROSPECT management officials. The workshop provided training course curriculum. training on water management activities for flood prediction and levee management. Since FY 2007 the NCR office of IWR assumed responsibility for several of the Planners Core HEC conducted or contributed to courses about HEC- Curriculum (PCC) courses. These included DSSVue in Pittsburgh; Advanced HEC-RAS in Collaborative Planning, Environmental Portland; Steady Flow HEC-RAS in Jefferson, MO Considerations in Planning, and Plan Formulation. for St. Louis District; Unsteady Flow HEC-RAS in Detroit and Portland; Hydrologic Engineering Other IWR-NCR supported courses include Risk Applications for GIS in Tulsa and Wall Walla; Analysis - Water Resources Planning and Hydrologic Modeling with HEC-HMS in Detroit; and Management; Conflict Management and Dispute a special Working Session for CWMS 2.0 for Resolution (taught primarily by consultants outside Northwest Division. of the government); Public Involvement - Communications, (taught primarily by consultants FY 2010 also marked a milestone in the history of the outside of the government); Economic Analysis – Institute as IWR received official designation as a WRP, Planning for Ecosystem Restoration as well as UNESCO Category II Center as the Institute serves two Planners Core Curriculum courses, Plan as the home to the International Center for Integrated Formulation and Environmental Considerations in Water Resources Management (ICIWaRM). The Planning. In addition to the IWR sponsored courses, International Center for Integrated Water Resources IWR staff members are active members in a number Management is the first such UNESCO Category II of other PROSPECT courses, teaching specialized Center in North America. As a UNESCO Category topics such as Cost Effectiveness and Incremental II Center it is anticipated that IWR-NCR and IWR- Cost Analysis, Economics, Forecasting, Risk HEC will be called on to place even greater emphasis Analysis, and Environmental Benefits Evaluation. on water resources training and education, technology transfer, and capacity building for IWR-NCR is also responsible for managing the developing and emerging nations around the world. Corps Planning Associates (PA) program, a ten month training program designed to provide Planning Excellence Program: Throughout FY comprehensive training to future leaders in the 2010, IWR provided managerial and technical Planning Community of Practice. The PA program is support to the Planning Community of Practice (CoP) a series of interrupted one, two and three week in the execution of the Planning Excellence Program. sessions interspersed with trips back to the home This included the management of the Planning district to keep up with the workload. Students are Associates (PA) program and conduct of the three-

43-44

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES week ―Washington DC Experience‖ module for the During FY 2010 the Institute performed a wide array FY 2010 class. The goal of the PA program is to of reimbursable project work for USACE field develop planning leaders who can manage complex offices as well as HQUSACE Civil Works Planning, planning studies that lead to quality decision Engineering, Operations, Regulatory, Office of documents and who will provide water resources Homeland Security; and Office of Interagency and technical and professional leadership in the future. International Activities; the Engineering Research and Development Center (ERDC), Coastal and IWR, in coordination with HQUSACE, is responsible Hydraulics and Environmental Laboratories; for the implementation of the program, including combatant commands of the U.S. Army; the Federal setting up the criteria for selection of candidates, Emergency Management Agency; the International development and delivery of training sessions and Joint Commission (IJC); the U.S. Agency for financial management and logistical support. International Development (USAID); the National Weather Service; the U.S. Geological Survey; the IWR also provided support to the local delivery of Natural Resources Conservation Service; other four of the seven Planning Core Curriculum courses Federal agencies; and approved Thomas Amendment by the Corps Major Subordinate Commands (MSCs). Agreement (Section 211 of the Water Resources These four courses provide the basic, full- Development Act of 2000, Public Law 106-541) performance training needed by entry level planners technical support to the Lower Colorado River across the USACE as the means to accelerate their Authority, Texas and the Tampa Bay Water progress to the journeyman stage of their career Authority, Florida. Other projects for USACE clients development. These courses include: Environmental included navigation systems economic evaluation, Considerations; Economic Analysis; Plan technical advice and guidance on plan formulation, Formulation; and Public Involvement and Team incremental cost and cost effectiveness analysis, risk Planning. IWR also supports to the local delivery of analysis, watershed and reservoir system modeling, the Risk Analysis WRP&M course. water quality, river hydraulics, wetlands hydrology, water control management, regional statistical Advanced Degree Program in Integrated Water analysis, flood damage analysis, flood warning Resources Planning and Management response systems, GIS applications in hydrology and hydraulics, groundwater modeling and water supply The USACE strives to provide optimum training and in support of interagency investigations. development opportunities in order to assure maximum efficiency of members of its workforce in IWR worked on a variety of projects including the performance of their official duties. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Advanced Degree Program in Integrated Water (Stimulus) activities; post-Hurricane Katrina Resources Planning and Management has been Interagency Performance and Evaluation Taskforce developed to ensure that the USACE maintains its (IPET) activities, hydraulic modeling, and risk standing as a leader in water resources planning and analysis; Ft. Worth Flood Warning modeling; management. The program was designed to promote development of an integrated forecasting model for interdisciplinary degrees at the graduate level that the National Weather Service for joint operations on were specifically geared towards water resources Feather and Yuba Rivers, CA; Tooele and Ft. practitioners. Huachuca groundwater modeling; development of HEC-RPT software for use on the Savannah River as IWR has worked closely with the Universities part of the Sustainable Rivers Project; providing Council on Water Resources (UCOWR) to develop a additional features in HEC-RAS software for the program which addresses the many challenges that Tampa Bay Water Authority; helping the Lower the water resources planning and management Colorado River Authority implement CWMS for community faces. their water management needs; contributing to the revision of Bulletin 17B; writing levee certification Courses are offered at five universities: The guidance; working with the Corps Screening University of Arizona; The University of Florida; Portfolio Risk Assessment teams evaluating the Harvard University; Johns Hopkins University; and safety of the Nation‘s dams; assisting the Corps‘ Southern Illinois University. Engineering Risk and Reliability Directory of Expertise with a number of Dam and Levee Safety studies and efforts; assisting the Sacramento District REIMBURSABLE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE and the South Pacific Division perform a risk analysis of the Sacramento River from a systems

43 -45 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010 context; working with the Mobile District to engineering efforts regarding the Camp Humphreys modernize its Alabama-Coosa-Tallapossa (ACT) and development plan. Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) reservoir modeling applications using HEC-ResSim; working HEC also participated in Civil-Military Emergency with the Detroit District to experiment with an Preparedness (CMEP) activity in Guyana, funded unsteady flow HEC-RAS model for routing flows through SOUTHCOM. HEC-RAS and HEC-HMS from Lake Superior to Lake St. Clair; working with models were constructed and training provided on the the Buffalo District on the Cuyahoga River; working use of these models and how to use some of the HEC with Sonoma County to collect additional hydrologic GIS tools. Over the years, HEC has participated in and hydraulic (H&H) data, review of related H&H several CMEP activities in various countries. models, recalibration and refinement of H&H models, and development of sedimentation models; CIVIL WORKS PROGRAM collaborating with the Jacksonville District on AND PROJECT INFORMATION Herbert Hoover Dam; collaborating with Sacramento District on groundwater modeling of the Tooele IWR maintains, develops and provides a full range of River; collaborating with the Albuquerque District on international, national and USACE project and the Upper Rio Grande River; collaborating with the program data and information for decision support for Baltimore District on the Anacostia River; the Corps, other federal government agencies, the collaborating with the Rock Island District on the private sector, and the public on key Civil Works Des Moines River; collaborating with the activities. National water resources database concept Northwestern Division, Seattle District and Portland development, design, implementation, operation and Districts and Bonneville Power Administration on the maintenance activities are provided through a Columbia River Treaty (CRT) 2014/2024 Study; and combination of in-house and private sector systems numerous miscellaneous consultations. analysts, statisticians, engineers and scientists who work in close coordination with USACE users. Also HEC entered into an agreement with the Sonoma IWR acquires external data from other federal agencies County Water Agency and initiated another and private sector sources, to be used by the Corps for agreement with the South Florida Water Management integrated analysis and benchmarking. These data are District. Both of these agreements will allow HEC to used within the Corps for program management, add specific enhancements to the HEC software that budget development and justification, OMB Program provides capabilities for these agencies. Assessment Rating Tool, numerical models and real time management at the project. Major initiatives During FY 2010, staff from the Hydrologic within the past year have been the development and Engineering Center participated in the Watershed creation of performance measures for the Corps Assessments for Afghanistan Project. The watershed business lines to reflect the efficiency and assessment for Afghanistan project is a collaborative effectiveness of the programs and analysis. project led by the Corps Transatlantic Division office with multiple districts participating and local experts Navigation Data Center: The Navigation Data with the objective of locating and analyzing potential Center (NDC), located at the National Capital Region dam and reservoir sites. HEC is analyzing potential headquarters of IWR at Ft. Belvoir, VA., is the central dam and reservoir sites in the Helmand basin. The manager of navigation, hydropower, recreation, goal of the project is to identify possible small dam environmental stewardship, water supply and sites (5- to 10-meter high) for impoundment of water regulatory program data for the Nation. Information for seasonal irrigation and micro-hydro power provided by NDC directly supports the USACE annual generation. Civil Works performance-based budgeting program. NDC is responsible for national level executive In September, 2010, the HEC Director and staff oversight and management responsibilities, including engineers travelled to South Korea to participate in the development of Federal and USACE Engineer the 8th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics Regulations (ER‘s) and Code of Federal Regulations Conference in Seoul, present a one day symposium pertaining to Corps navigation data reporting on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) requirements by industry and the associated and ecosystem planning and hydraulic analysis in enforcement of those regulations. OMB, acting on support of ecosystem planning with K-water legislative mandates, recognizes USACE, acting (formerly known as KOWACO) in Daejeon, South through NDC, as the Federal collection agent for Korea, and to assist in hydrologic and hydraulic waterborne commerce, vessel activities and waterway infrastructure data and statistics.

43-46

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES

NDC accomplishes its objectives of supplying timely Border Protection, the U.S. Bureau of the Census, and accurate data through the following activities: and the Port Import Export Reporting Service. assessing user requirements; developing, designing, operating and maintaining systems to collect, process Movement data acquired by the NDC Waterborne and store data and information; developing and Commerce Statistics Center is primarily for the use disseminating data, information and statistical of the USACE and other governmental agencies. products; training providers and users of project and Since 2004, data have been incorporated into the program information and data; and maintaining USACE budget preparation process, providing the knowledge of the latest developments in the area of navigation project outputs and performance measures technical and content interoperability. used to rank and justify operation and maintenance As a national statistical center, NDC coordinates funding requests. Summary statistics, which do not extensively with other Federal statistical agencies and disclose movements of individual companies, are also data users, representing the U.S. government before released to private companies and to the general other nations in the development of data and public. information standards and protocols and in the negotiation of data exchanges. NDC actively International Trade Data System (ITDS): During participates in corporate information integration and FY 2010, the Institute‘s Navigation Data Center coordination within the USACE and plays a lead role continued its involvement in the development of the in developing, coordinating and disseminating water International Trade Data System (ITDS). ITDS is a resources information for performance measurement multi-agency technology initiative administrated by and management purposes. It leads the development the e-Customs Partnership, a public-private of strategic communication with both internal partnership led by Customs and Border Protection communities of practice and external water resources (CBP). Both the public and private sectors have interests, stakeholders and communities. steering committees and numerous sub-committees.

Waterborne Commerce and Vessel Statistics: The objective of this initiative is to provide a secure, Under the authority of the River and Harbors Act of single source interface for the collection, input, 1922, as amended and codified in 33 U.S.C. 555, the analysis, and proper dissemination of international USACE is to collect, process, distribute and archive trade and transportation statistics. The Corps is one U.S. waterborne commercial vessel trip and cargo of over 20 government agencies working with the data. These data and statistics are used to analyze the trade and transportation community to implement this feasibility of new water transportation projects and initiative. activities; to set priorities for new investment and rehabilitation; and for management of the operation In FY 2010 the ITDS funding was restored and and maintenance of existing projects. forward progress with the initiative resumed. IWR continued working with CBP both directly and Under Federal law, vessel operating companies must through the ITDS initiative. The highlight of 2010 report domestic waterborne commercial vessel was the development of a full data MOU with CBP movements directly to the USACE. The types of and USACE. IWR also continued collaboration with vessels include, but are not exclusively limited to: dry CBP‘s Office of Field Operations (OFO) to improve cargo ships and tankers, barges (loaded and empty), the quality of vessel entrance and clearance data. towboats (with or without barges in tow), tugboats, Parties from both agencies developed an exchange crew boats and supply boats to and from offshore process to keep information regarding docks and locations, newly constructed vessels from shipyards facilities synchronous between the two agency to the point of delivery, ferries and other passenger inventories. vessels, and vessels remaining idle during the monthly reporting period. Harbor Maintenance Tax E-Navigation Initiatives (E-Nav): E-Nav initiatives information, providing the name of the shipper of the are those promoting efficiency, safety, security, and commodity and the shipper‘s Internal Revenue reliability in our Nation‘s waterways through Service number or Social Security number, is also seamless transfer of data and information among the reported for the cargo movements into or out of ports navigation community. IWR supports several of that are subject to the provisions of section 1402 of these E-Nav initiatives. the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 (Pub. L. 99-662). U.S. foreign waterborne import, export River Information Services (RIS): RIS will and in-transit cargo and vessel movement data is provide management, coordination and oversight provided to the Corps by the U.S. Customs and for the development of the various E-Nav

43 -47 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

initiatives in which USACE participates. NDC USACE Federal Central Collection Agency representatives are part of the Corps wide RIS responsibility for documenting the Nation‘s team that was established in FY 2010. commercial port infrastructure served by Federal channels. Data for approximately 30,000 individual Lock Operations Management Application navigation points of interest (NPIs) are published on (LOMA): IWR technical experts worked with the Internet. Dock data are updated as each port ERDC to develop requirements for a tool that facility is contacted and characteristics are verified. will provide navigation information to waterway New update and survey procedures are being users, including lock operators, Corps developed to increase the frequency of update and to management and vessel operators. allow individual facility operators and port Federal-Industry Logistics Standardization authorities to update their own facility information in (FILS): In FY 2010 the universal location code the database. Due to the dynamic and continuous (ULC) developed and adopted by the FILS update of the NPIs, the hard-copy Port Series books initiative was added as a requirement in the are no longer being published. Instead, an NPI Coast Guard‘s encoding guide for reporting search tool has been designed which will facilitate origin and destination for the Automated retrieval of information for specific NPIs. Identification System (AIS). Additionally, an interactive tool featuring geo-coded facilities and Navigation Infrastructure Inventory information is associated ULC‘s is under development which used to identify industries served by the Federal will allow companies to search for proper dock channels and is part of the budgetary process of codes to report to the Federal Government prioritizing projects. The U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) online. is another primary user of the information in the execution of its homeland security mission. A new Federal Initiative for Navigation Data initiative begun in FY 2008 was the formation of the Enhancement (FINDE): In FY 2010 the Federal - Industry Logistics Standardization group, FINDE project team signed a project charter and which is a working group comprised of the Corps, MOA between USACE and USCG allowing for IRS, USCG, CBP and the barge and towing industry. exchange of AIS and vessel information between The highest priority task is to produce a definitive list the two agencies. The group also completed of NPIs with unique identification codes and accurate polygon definitions on all docks and piers in the geo-location that both the public and private sector New York Harbor prototype area, which can use when communicating with each other. A list improved the match rate of AIS stop events to of NPIs is located on the Corps‘ NDC website: docks and piers. http://www.ndc.iwr.usace.army.mil/ports/data/publis hed_nav_units.xls. Inland Electronic Navigation Charts (IENC): IWR technical experts worked with the Army Lock Performance and Characteristics: The lock Corps Geospatial Center (AGC) to harmonize performance database provides the USACE access to navigation points of interest and data elements individual lock near-real-time information as well as common to both AGC‘s IENC‘s and NDC‘s summary and performance statistics. The data are dock and facility inventory. The team completed entered into the database by the lock operator as the the harmonization of river miles between the vessel is locking through the chamber. A national IENC‘s and the Master Docks Plus inventory data warehouse provides all USACE users direct system. access to current and historical data and summaries. The data is used by the USACE and other agencies, Lock Performance Management System such as the U.S. Coast Guard and the Tennessee (LPMS): The LPMS team continued their Valley Authority (TVA), in the execution of their development of a tool that captures real time missions, and in the formulation of the USACE vessel information at Corps locks to reduce the budget. A successful pilot project at several New burden on the lock operators and to improve Orleans lock sites demonstrated the ease of using the their capability to safely operate locks. The team Coast Guard required vessel Automated Information was successful in moving data capture at the System (AIS) signal to increase lock operator Inner Harbor Canal lock in New Orleans into situational awareness by visualizing on a map the production mode. location and identification information of all vessels in the vicinity of the lock. This is now in production Navigation Infrastructure Inventory: Navigation and daily use at all New Orleans navigation locks Infrastructure Inventory information supports the enabling the lock operator to better plan the locking

43-48

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES sequence. To further the use of existing technology, http://corpslakes.usace.army.mil/visitors and the selected timing events are automatically entered into federal interagency recreation website the lock database as the vessel moves past designated www.recreation.gov. In FY 2010, OMBIL has trigger points in the locking process. This reduces focused on improving the accuracy of the visitation the data entry demands on the operator and improves data and the inventory of recreation projects. the accuracy of the database. Investigations are OMBIL also supported the budget process by underway to implement this capability nationwide. continuing to supply data to the RECreation Budget Evaluation SysTem (Rec-BEST), Recreation Self Lock characteristics data and the physical Assessment Tool, and RecStatus, project information descriptions of all the USACE owned and operated and benchmarking report, developed by IWR/ERDC. locks are updated as information changes. Lock A new regional economic development model was characteristics and performance information are also developed in FY 2010 named RECONS available on the public web site, (Regional Economic System). This modeling tool http://www.ndc.iwr.usace.army.mil. The lock automates calculations and generates estimates of the databases are feeder systems to the OMBIL decision employment impact and other economic measures support system. The lock data are used to supply the such as income generated and sales associated with OMB required performance data of lock USACE‘s Civil Work program spending, as well as unavailability due to mechanical problems. economic impacts of recreation visitor spending at Corps lakes. Dredging Statistics: This web-based ORACLE database is successful in supplying information on all IWR, in collaboration with ERDC, has provided USACE performed and contracted dredging to the additional technical support to Corps Recreation USACE, industry and private users. Data entry and Business line activities. The activities that were report generation is accomplished via the USACE accomplished in FY 2010 include continued support intranet and enables all USACE members to access of the Performance Based Budget Development for the central system information. National briefings Recreation Business line; Regional Economic Impact with Corps and Industry employ the data from this Analysis of Recreation; GIS mapping applications central system and the database is used to generate using the Google Map platform to inventory all specific reports such as the Small Business Report for Corps managed recreation areas and facilities, dredging contracts. Biweekly reports are posted on updating of the Google Earth application for all the public web site to inform the industry and public Corps Recreation projects; and other miscellaneous of Corps and contracted dredging activities. These technical support to Corps Natural Resources reports are now available in downloadable management activities. Lastly, in FY 2010 IWR spreadsheet format providing more functionality for continued to provide technical support for individual report users. Standard reports and summaries plus public survey submissions on recreation planning and customized queries and reports are quickly generated recreation management. to meet Corps and user needs. Use of the information has resulted in improved bidding competition and Hydropower: Hydropower data from the 75 Corps more efficient utilization of dredging equipment. power plants is collected and maintained within the The dredging database is a feeder system to the OMBIL database. For those power plants in the OMBIL decision support system. Northwestern Division that have automated control systems (Generic Data Acquisition and Control Recreation: Recreation data associated with the System or ―GDACS‖), electronic upload of Corps‘ 4300 recreation areas are collected and generation data is in place. Data such as power maintained within the OMBIL database. An generation statistics, unit availability and revenue inventory of recreational physical features and generated, enable the Corps hydropower program to structures including recreation areas, visitor centers, determine its performance, make budgeting decisions facilities, and amenities; outputs including a count of and furnish OMB with program performance the number of visitors and visitor hours; and information. In FY 2010, all five hydropower activities including citations and interpretive performance measures for the FY 2012 budget contacts, are combined with revenues and process were supplied by OMBIL hydropower data. expenditures to produce performance measures that Also included in OMBIL Plus is a module related to assist the Corps in making management decisions capturing the ongoing water supply reallocation regarding the Recreation program. This data is studies. furnished to public websites such as Value to the Nation, www.vtn.iwr.usace.army.mil, CorpsLakes,

43 -49 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

Water Supply: IWR serves as the HQUSACE In FY 2010, in addition to the normal activities of the national program manager for the Water Supply Water Supply business line a number of initiatives business program. In this capacity, the annual budget were under taken: and the five-year development plan associated with USACE Water Supply budget is developed in A Water Supply Community of Practice (CoP) coordination with the MSCs and the strategic plan as was organized. This is a loosely organized presented in the Program Assessment Rating Tool. It group of individuals representing a broad is necessary to develop and provide annual budget spectrum of backgrounds and expertise, all of guidance to the MSCs, collect their data, prioritize it who are interested in the policies and procedures in conjunction with the seven other business lines and employed by the Corps of Engineers in the eight program areas, and present the data to the municipal and industrial (M&I) water supply senior leaders of Civil Works, the Assistant Secretary mission. The membership of the work group of the Army (Civil Works) and a panel of water currently comprised of approximately 100 Corps supply examiners from the Office of Management employees located in Headquarters, 7 division and Budget. The annual program must then be offices, 18 district offices and at IWR and HEC. modified and adjusted as necessary based on OMB The objectives of the work group are to: (1) comments and directives. strive to improve the M&I Water Supply Community of Practice; (2) develop/shorten IWR is responsible for the development and lines of communication; (3) share knowledge, maintenance of the USACE database of Water successes and experience; (4) maintain and build Supply projects. This database was originally competency nationwide and (5) provide forums developed in 1996, updated in 2004 and again in for group discussions and technology transfer. 2005. These databases were developed by paper drills to the districts. In fiscal year 2006 an effort A global e-mail address link (CDL-Water- was initiated in IWR to develop a Water Supply Supply-Work-Group) was established. This e- module in the Operations and Maintenance Business mail address distribution list contains all those in Information Link (OMBIL) system, and once the water supply Community of Practice. developed and loaded with all the contractual data, will enable a continual update of water supply data, The development of an OMBIL/Water Supply similar to some of the other business lines. There Users group charter was initiated. This is a small was no database update for fiscal years 2006 through group of individuals, comprised of four Corps 2008 due to the effort required to develop and load employees (three from IWR and one from the the OMBIL module. The fiscal year 2009 database is Tulsa District) and two contractors from a a combination of the new OMBIL data, where loaded private sector firm which provides technical and the old 2005 data from those districts which have assistance and support to the Corps water supply not completed the loading process. The 2009 program. This group is crucial to the refinement database (developed in Fiscal Year 2010) shows there and future evolution of the water supply module are 133 Corps multipurpose projects which contain of OMBIL so as to serve the needs of the water storage space for municipal and industrial (M&I) supply business line mission. The group will also water supply. These projects are located in 26 states provide organizational stability and institutional and in 22 of the 38 Corps districts. In these projects knowledge, while facilitating system maturity. the Corps has 366 repayment agreements representing some 11.14 million acre-feet of storage Optimization Tools for Navigation (OTN): The space and an investment cost of $1.45 billion of optimization tools for navigation program supports which about $800 million has been repaid with multiple initiatives concerning methods and analyses interest to the U.S. Treasury. The storage space is to minimize costs or enhance efficiencies for asset capable of providing about 5.4 billion gallons of evaluation and management of the Corps‘ waterborne water per day for use by municipalities and industrial navigation operation and maintenance (O&M) firms which have signed repayment agreements. program. Related initiatives include support for This yield is capable of providing the indoor enhanced development and field testing of the Channel household needs of approximately 80 million people Analysis Design Evaluation Tool (CADET) in and represents about seven percent of the Nation‘s partnership with the Engineer Research and off stream municipal and industrial water supply Development Center as technical scope and review needs. lead and the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NAVSEA-Carderock Division) as prime technical developer. Also supported is the development of a

43-50

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES centralized system for benefit evaluation of the O&M and universities around the Great Lakes, and is program for deep-draft harbors (the National available at the Study‘s website: www.iugls.org. The Navigation Operation and Maintenance Performance study investigators found that over the last four Evaluation and Assessment System, also referred to as decades, the conveyance of the St. Clair River has ―NNOMPEAS‖) and investigations and research changed due to man-made factors. However, they conducted in concert with the U.S. Naval Academy, to also determined that the declining lake levels were better quantify critical inputs for navigation analysis. due primarily to climatic variability and glacial Work completed in FY 2010 included an assessment isostatic rebound. expansion of NNOMPEAS toward integration with geographic information system (GIS) tools for With Phase 1 complete, during 2010 emphasis shifted reference and evaluation of systems for compilation of to Phase 2. This phase is being conducted by project related O&M expenditures. Work scheduled scientists within six technical work groups (TWG) - for FY 2011 includes efforts to initiate GIS and coastal processes, commercial navigation, schematic mapping of coastal deep-draft waterway hydropower, municipal and industrial water uses, projects and modifications to root mean squared recreational boating, and ecosystems, which are (RMS) for the compilation and access of project O&M selecting performance indicators to aid in the costs on a life-cycle basis. formulation of alternative plans. These performance indicators will be used in a shared vision planning framework to arrive at alternative plans. Interest INTERNATIONAL WATER RESOURCES input from ―circles of influence‖ forums with stakeholder groups will also be considered in plan The Institute formed the International Water Resources development. In addition to the performance program in 2006 as a means to better coordinate the indicator TWGs, there are also four integration various international initiatives that are under its TWGs - plan formulation and evaluation, purview. These initiatives fall into three categories: hydroclimatic, adaptive management and information global water resources strategies, international management. partnerships, and technical and advisory support. These initiatives and the major projects that fall under Recognizing that improvements to the existing plan them include: for Lake Superior regulation, Plan 1977-A, will be small considering a historic database and that in the International Upper Great Lakes Study: upper Great Lakes, the outflow control is at the outlet Throughout FY 2010, IWR continued to play a major of the upper most lake in the system, the Study Board role in directing and managing the activities of the developed an approach that considers the acceptable International Upper Great Lakes Study. The Study range of water levels for a given interest or sector and was initiated in 2007 under a Memorandum of how those water level ranges may change in response Agreement (MOA) between IWR and the to future climate variability. This approach uses International Joint Commission (IJC) for a 5-year, coping zones to determine how acceptable a $15 million US-Canadian study focusing on the Lake particular range is to an interest. The Hydroclimatic Superior Regulation Plan and the potential erosion TWG was a key group during the first phase of the problems associated with the St. Clair River channel. Study and will be essential in Phase 2 as various Drs. Eugene Stakhiv and Anthony Eberhardt are the hydrologic scenarios are developed to test alternative U.S. co-Director and co-Manager of the Study. IWR regulation plan performance. Scenarios will be based is leading the U.S. contributions to the study, as was on historic supplies, stochastically-generated supplies the case with the last IJC Great Lakes Study, the (likely 50,000 years or more of possible supply International Lake Ontario-St. Lawrence River Study, sequences, allowing testing of plans under extended completed in 2006. droughts and wet periods) and climate change possibilities from the work of the Intergovernmental IUGLS began in 2007 to investigate the possible Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Regional climate factors responsible for recent declining Upper Great models for both comparative analyses and the Lakes levels (Phase 1) and to formulate alternative development of climate change scenarios will be plans for Lake Superior outflow regulation with the utilized. goal of providing benefits to existing and emerging interests (Phase 2). On December 15, 2009, the final The coping zones and the hydrology that will be Phase 1 Report was released describing the considered will help formulate an adaptive investigations by dozens of scientists from U.S. and management strategy that could be implemented Canadian government and non-government agencies beyond the Study‘s completion date in March 2012.

43 -51 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

Investigations are underway to determine future one of six permanent Federal agency members of the monitoring of conditions and to identify Great Lakes USNC-IHP, and he has been part of the USG agencies that could partner with the IJC to implement delegations to UNESCO at the IHP Intergovernmental such strategies. Council (IGC) meetings in 2004, 2006, 2008 and 2010. World Water Council: The World Water Council (WWC) is an international association of over 400 One important step in USACE and IWR‘s public and private organizations involved in water- increasingly active role in international water related activities. Established in 1996, the WWC research and policy issues was the creation of the includes the principal United Nations water agencies International Center for Integrated Water Resources and international banks as its founding organizations. Management (ICIWaRM). ICIWaRM had been The main activity of the WWC is hosting the World selected for consideration as a UNESCO Category 2 Water Forum, which is held once every three years. Center ―under the auspices of UNESCO‖ in February As the main international event on water, it seeks to 2008 after a national competition, and its nomination enable multi-stakeholder participation and dialogue to had been endorsed by UNESCO Headquarters, the influence water policy making on a global scale, thus IHP Bureau, and the IHP-IGC later that year. With assuring better living standards for people all over the the assistance of the US Mission to UNESCO, its world and a more responsible social behavior towards nomination was endorsed by the UNESCO Executive water issues in line with the pursuit of sustainable Board and unanimously approved by the 193 member development. IWR‘s ongoing engagement with the states at UNESCO‘s General Conference in 2009. WWC reached a new threshold in FY 2009 through Official designation as a Category 2 Center took numerous contributions to the 5th World Water Forum place at UNESCO Headquarters in New York City in (WWF) which was held 16-22 March 2009 in Istanbul, October 2009, with MG Don T. Riley representing Turkey, with the theme ―Bridging Divides for Water.‖ the U.S. Government and Director-General Koïchiro Matsuura representing UNESCO. ICIWaRM‘s Mr. Steven L. Stockton, HQUSACE Director of Civil Director Robert Pietrowsky and Technical Director Works, was elected to the WWC Board of Governors Eugene Stakhiv also participated in the U.N. signing in 2006 and continued to serve on the board through ceremony. 2008 and into 2009. Mr. Stockton was re-elected to the Board of Governors in November 2009. Dr. Jerry Partnerships Delli Priscoli (IWR) serves as the alternate and is a representative on the WWC Executive Bureau. He is In support of these activities, USACE has five MOUs also the Editor in Chief of the peer reviewed Water with IHP and its UNESCO water centers: an umbrella Policy, the official journal of the World Water agreement with IHP; a second MOU with UNESCO- Council. Ongoing WWC activities involve close IHE (Institute for Water Education, Delft, the liaison with the U.S. State Department, in particular, Netherlands); and newer IWR agreements with the Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs and the Bureau of ICHARM (International Center for Hazard and Risk Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Management) in Tsukuba, Japan; CAZALAC (Centre Affairs, on the dialogues and content of the WWF, so for Arid and Semi-arid Zones of Latin America and as to assist U.S. interests. the Caribbean) in Chile; and CATHALAC (Water Center for Humid Tropics of Latin America and the The 6th World Water Forum will be held in 2012 in Caribbean) in Panama. Marseilles, France. Dr. Delli Priscoli has been appointed to serve on the international steering In 2010, Mr. Robert Pietrowsky continued his service committee for this forum. as a member of the Governing Board of UNESCO- IHE; Mr. Eugene Stakhiv served as chair of the International Center for Integrated Water Advisory Board of ICHARM and the Steering Resources Management (ICIWaRM) and Committee of the Global Water Partnership (GWP). UNESCO Partnerships: Additional MOUs are planned for FY 2011.

A large number of UNESCO-related activities are IWR also has an MOU with the Global Water sanctioned by the U.S. Government, in particular those Partnership (GWP)—an international NGO with the related to the U.S. National Commission for UNESCO financial support of the European Union and the World (USNC-UNESCO) and the U.S. National Committee Bank—and supports its efforts to implement for the International Hydrological Programme (USNC- Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in IHP). IWR Director, Robert A. Pietrowsky, has been developing countries. For example, IWR has been

43-52

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES working with select members of GWP Technical U.S. and Panama. The Rock Island District of the Working groups to develop IWRM protocols. Corps is an active partner in the Iowa-Cedar River basin. Direct support of UNESCO programs Dr. Jason Giovannettone and Mr. Michael Wright Dr. Eugene Stakhiv continued to co-chair a UNESCO continued work on the development of a non- Sponsored Steering Committee tasked with preparing proprietary Drought Atlas software product that will IWRM Guidelines at the River Basin Level to assist be freely available to countries that need such a water resources practitioners in finding better and product, particularly countries in transition located in more efficient solutions to water resource problems. arid or semi-arid areas. In partnership with a fellow Category 2 center CAZALAC, ICIWaRM is using ICIWaRM staff members Dr. Guillermo Mendoza the resulting product to create a complete drought and Dr. Aleix Serrat Capdevila are leading an effort atlas of Latin America. This entire project was to translate into Spanish of the committee‘s inspired by the IWR‘s National Drought Atlas of the publication series IWRM Guidelines at the River U.S. — a unique source of information about the Basin Level. UNESCO‘s Regional Office for Latin frequency, severity and duration of drought as America and the Caribbean, and the Inter-American reflected by precipitation depths and streamflows. Development Bank, are partners in this effort. In addition, ICIWaRM took part in a coordination One significant development in 2010 was that meeting of programs, projects and work groups for UNESCO-IHP chose ICIWaRM as the technical IHP Latin America and the Caribbean. ICIWaRM secretariat for its global network Water and also arranged for a UNESCO IHP staff member to Development Information for Arid Lands or G- participate in three-week program in the U.S. through WADI. The program aims to strengthen global the U.S. State Department‘s International Visitor capacity to manage water resources in arid and semi- Leadership Program. arid regions by building an effective global community. It integrates contributions from Other activities and projects networks, organizations, individuals and UNESCO Category 2 centers. The G-WADI network features During FY 2010, ICIWaRM continued support of the knowledge bases and products such as near real-time Modernization of Management of Water Resources global satellite estimates of precipitation. Dr. Serrat Project (PMGRH) in Peru. Peru is undergoing a Capdevila participated in and presented at in the G- fundamental shift in the way it manages its water WADI Workshop: Water – Science, Policy and resources. In March 2009, a new water law was Capacity Development held in Dakar, Senegal in passed authorizing the creation of a National Water May 2010. Authority (ANA) and River Basin Councils (RBC) to implement IWRM and planning at a national scale. ICIWaRM provided extensive support to the World ICIWaRM provided technical advice and capacity Water Assessment Programme (WWAP) in 2010. building in coordination with ANA and the project WWAP is the flagship programme of UN-Water. lenders, the World Bank and the Inter-American Housed in UNESCO, it monitors freshwater issues in Development Bank. ICIWaRM‘s Drs. Guillermo order to provide recommendations, develop case Mendoza (IWR), Hal Cardwell (IWR) and Aleix studies, enhance assessment capacity at a national Serrat-Capdevila (University of Arizona, Center for level and inform the decision-making process. Sustainability of Semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian ICIWaRM‘s support was primarily for its work in the Areas) developed the materials and content for areas of indicators, water policy, waterway transport ‗inception workshops‘ to prepare stakeholders at six and climate change adaptation. For example, IWR pilot basins. ICIWaRM held the first such workshop facilitated Dr. Gerald Galloway‘s work at co-chair of in Arequipa, Peru, site of the Chili river basin, and the WWAP Expert Group on Policy Relevance. helped build capacity of Peru‘s ANA staff. Four additional ‗inception workshops‘ have since been ICIWaRM sponsored the North American HELP held, with increasing leadership by ANA. These (Hydrology for the Environment, Life and Policy workshops introduced the participatory planning program) Basin Organizations Workshop on Lessons principles developed by IWR, and with input from Learned, held in Portland, Oregon, in May 2010. ANA, to be implemented at each of the basins, and The event brought together Federal, state, and local sought feedback from stakeholders. Stakeholders governments along with NGOs and academic ranged from irrigation and municipal water sectors to partners working on IWRM in seven basins in the subsistence alpaca herders of the highlands.

43 -53 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

ICIWaRM will likely continue in an advisory role, Finally, ICIWaRM has written a series of reports on with capacity building, training and evaluation being countries experiencing water stress amidst their other important components of its work. challenges, including ―Analysis and Capacity Building for Afghanistan Water Resources In collaboration with the Global Water Partnership Development‖, ―Assessment of Water Resources and the National Academy of Sciences, ICIWaRM Assistance Projects and Donor Priorities in Haiti‖, organized the first inter-academic U.S.-Ukrainian and ―Assessment of Pakistan‟s August 2010 Flood‖. meeting on scientific approaches to adaptation to ICIWaRM members have also given invited climate change in the water sector, including flood presentations at the 2010 Kovacs Colloquium protection activities in the Carpathian region. (Hydrocomplexity: New Tools for Solving Wicked Included on the agenda of the meeting were: Climate Water Problems), the 2010 Water for Food Change in the Black Sea Region as part of the Global conference, and others. Climate System; Climate Change and Floods; Reservoirs and Irrigation Systems Management; and Dutch Rijkswaterstaat: The Corps signed an MOA Ground Water. with the Dutch Directorate for Public Works and Water Management (Rijkswaterstaat, ―RWS‖), part of ICIWaRM co-organized the International Workshop the Ministry of Transport, Public Works, and Water on Non-Stationarity, Hydrologic Frequency Analysis Management in May 2004 as a means to more and Water Management in Boulder, Colorado in effectively exchange information and resources. The January 2010. Participants explored alternatives to RWS has a mission quite similar to that of the USACE the assumption of stationarity in hydrologic and much collaboration has transpired regarding flood frequency analysis and water management, and and coastal zone management, urban protection, flood alternative technical and policy and paths ahead. risk and safety measures and general water resources This workshop helped address a recommendation of policies that highlight the similarities and differences the High-Level Expert Panel on Water and Disaster between our respective countries. (HLEP) of the UN Secretary-General‘s Advisory Board on Water and Sanitation. Proceedings are This exchange of technical expertise has been available at particularly useful in the wake of coastal hurricanes in www.cwi.colostate.edu/NonstationarityWorkshop/pr 2005 (Katrina and Rita) and 2008 (Gustav). The oceedings.shtml. following are the main areas of focus.

Through a continuing collaboration between Dredging: The Dutch have extensive experience ICIWaRM academic partner University of Arizona and a long history of the subject of dredging and and the International Senegal Basin Authority dredging technologies, including the re- (Organisation pour la Mise en Valeur du Fleuve suspension of sediments as a result of dredging Senegal), ICIWaRM is developing a near real-time activity; handling and treatment of contaminated streamflow forecasting system using satellite sediment; risk assessment and characterization, precipitation measurements in the Senegal River remediation options, confined disposal techniques, Basin. Currently, there are no operational near real- and beneficial use; and methods for reducing time streamflow forecasts using satellite precipitation dredging costs. products in any large and poorly-gauged river basin. By using real-time spatially explicit precipitation Coastal Zone Management: The Dutch have measurements as input to rainfall-runoff hydrological developed an extensive range of structural and models, the objective is to provide a daily operational non-structural approaches to coastal zone forecast for the management of the Senegal Basin management, including an array of storm surge and its reservoirs. barriers, flood gates, reinforced levees and floods. In 2006 the Dutch government developed the ICIWaRM has been a strong participant in the ―Room for the River‖ program which involves a USAID-led effort to create the President‘s Middle number of innovative techniques designed to East North Africa Network of Water Centers of improve floodplain management. The program Excellence (MENA-NWC) throughout the year. This design presents an integrated spatial plan with the network will bring together water centers throughout main objectives of flood protection, master land the MENA region along with U.S. government use planning, and an improvement of the overall agencies and universities to address some of the environmental conditions. region‘s most challenging water problems.

43-54

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES

Risk and Reliability: The Dutch have worked sites in the U.S. and Japan and facilitation of requests closely with the Corps on post-Katrina support for information between USACE and the River and they have developed a unique approach to Bureau. addressing flood and storm safety. The United States and the Netherlands have much to share in Under the auspices of the agreement with MLIT, Mr. terms of addressing the subject of risk and Leonard Hopkins, the USACE TPO, and Mr. Tom reliability. The exchange of ideas regarding the Evans of HEC Water Management Systems Division, principles of risk and reliability has application to took a 6-member USACE delegation headed by Mr. activities in many Corps district offices including Lloyd Pike, HQUSACE, to Tokyo and Nagoya, New Orleans, Sacramento, and Jacksonville. Japan to attend a technical exchange meeting and site visits to and around Tokyo and the Kiso River In 2010 several delegations from the U.S., including estuary system. Topics discussed at technical representatives from the USACE, visited the sessions included Adaptive Management of Climate Netherlands to continue the technical exchange with Change, Risk Management of Levee Systems, the Dutch with respect to water management, climate Disaster Response, and River Information Systems. change, dam and levee safety, and growth stewardship Sites visited included the Shinden district ―Super and provide technical exchange on the subject of the Levee‘, the Arakawa-Karyu River Office, and the U.S. national response framework and the role of the Ukima district river disaster prevention station. The Corps of Engineers in emergency preparedness, group also visited sites of centuries-old flood response, recovery and mitigation. countermeasures in the Kiso River estuary system.

The first draft of a study comparing and contrasting The U.S. and Japanese delegations agreed to hold water management trends in the United States and the their next meeting in Portland, Oregon in May 2011, Netherlands has been prepared and is undergoing with topics to include ―Strategic O&M (including review for publication in 2011. dams)‖; ―Effective Use of Existing Structures‖; ―Flood Risk Management, including measures in the In FY 2010 USACE realigned plans for a multilateral floodplain‖; and ―Economic Evaluation of Flood agreement with Japan and the Netherlands and the Risk Management.‖ three nations are cooperating on the development of internationally agreed upon standards for levee International Technical Reimbursable Activities: evaluation and construction. In FY 2010, HEC was involved in a wide range of international activities. Listed below are examples of Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, a few of these activities. Transport: USACE participates in an ongoing technical exchange program with the River Bureau of Afghanistan: During FY 2010, staff from the the Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Hydrologic Engineering Center participated in the Transport and Tourism (MLIT). The program is Watershed Assessments for Afghanistan Project. The governed by an Implementing Arrangement (IA) watershed assessment for Afghanistan project is a under the “Agreement between the Government of collaborative project led by the Corps Transatlantic the United States of America and the Government of Division office with multiple districts participating Japan on Cooperation in Research and Development and local experts with the objective of locating and in Science and Technology,” signed in Toronto, analyzing potential dam and reservoir sites. HEC is Canada on June 20, 1988, as amended and extended. analyzing potential dam and reservoir sites in the The IA was signed by the USACE Chief of Engineers Helmand basin. The goal of the project is to identify at the Third World Water Forum in Kyoto, Japan, in possible small dam sites (5- to 10-meter high) for March 2003 and renewed for an additional 5-year impoundment of water for seasonal irrigation and term on 26 February 2008. The IA names the Chief micro-hydro power generation. The location of the of Hydrology and Hydraulics at the St. Louis District sites is being made based on snowmelt and as the Technical Program Officer (TPO), responsible precipitation records, and terrain, soils and land use for the technical exchange on behalf of the USACE data. The identification of the sites is preliminary, as and names the Director of Civil Works as the a full geotechnical evaluation for proper site selection oversight authority for the exchange. The national is not being performed at this time. The focus on the project management oversight authority has been smaller basins is so that local communities can delegated to IWR and within the Institute to HEC. operate and maintain these structures. There is no To date, the exchange has consisted of annual intention of providing flood protection. Instead the technical exchange meetings alternating between idea is to retain a portion of the seasonal runoff that

43 -55 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010 can then be metered out over a longer growing season World Meteorological Organization: Dr. William for the production of more and better crops. Results Scharffenberg, Senior Hydraulic Engineer was the of the study are due in FY 2011. USACE representative to the Flood Forecasting Initiative Workshop at the World Meteorological South Korea: In November 2009, HEC Director Mr. Organization (WMO) headquarters in Geneva, Chris Dunn gave a keynote presentation at the 1st Switzerland in December 2009. WMO established International Conference on Policy and Research for the Flood Forecasting Initiative to assist member Global Disaster Management (PR4GDM) in Seoul, nations, especially the developing nations, by South Korea. The conference was hosted by the improving their flood forecasting capabilities. The Korean National Emergency Management Agency Initiative fits with WMO‘s mission because flood (NEMA). The conference aimed to strengthen forecasting is tightly tied to short term weather and disaster response through disaster management climate forecasting. Much of the Initiative‘s work technology and international research and focuses on supporting the improvement of stream development sharing and to discuss the feasibility of flow monitoring networks and promoting the a collaborative international research and establishment of new networks. There is also a focus development program for global disaster on technology transfer and capacity building where management. The PR4GDM Conference will be held countries with established flood forecasting centers every other year in the November time frame. The provide guidance and training to countries still next conference is planned for November 2011 in working to build an effective forecasting capability. Seoul, South Korea. The workshop discussed ways to increase the capability of National Meteorological Hydrological Mr. Dunn‘s presentation was entitled ―Corps Water Services (NMHSs) in the developing world to Management System (CWMS): Real Time Decision management hydrological data and produce flood Support Modeling and Integration.‖ The presentation forecasts. Utilizing his experience as lead developer highlighted how the Corps is proactively reducing of the Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS), threats to our nation‘s population and property by Dr. Scharffenberg will be working with several forecasting floods and reservoir operations, and in experts from the workshop to develop a proposal for turn alerting emergency operations managers so that a comparison of hydrologic forecasting models. The they can take the appropriate steps to reduce damage comparison will assist developing countries in and loss-of-life. selecting the best hydrologic forecasting model for their unique needs. While in Korea, Mr. Dunn and Dr. Jay Pak (former HEC hydraulic engineer and now working for the Dr. Scharffenberg has been designated as the USACE Corps in Korea) met with representatives of NEMA‘s representative on WMO‘s Committee on Hydrology. National Institute for Disaster Prevention, the Korean Institute of Construction Technology (KICT), and K- Iraq: HEC has entered into a contractual agreement water (formerly known as KOWACO) to explore with an American firm, Exponent, Inc., to support to areas of common interest. It is interesting to note that the second phase of the Strategy for Water and Land both KICT and K-water had previously approached Resources of Iraq (SWLRI). The objective of the the Corps at the 5th World Water Forum in Istanbul, SWRLI project is to define the strategy and the Turkey in March 2009 to explore joint opportunities. related investment plan that will guide the sustainable As a result of HEC‘s participation in the PR4GDM management and development of the water and land conference, HEC was invited and agreed to resources of Iraq for the next two decades (from 2010 participate in the 8th International Conference on to 2030). HEC will assist in providing technical EcoHydraulics in September 2010 in Seoul, South assistance on the use of the hydrologic and hydraulic Korea. analysis tools previously developed by HEC for real- time forecasting and water management operation. In September, 2010, HEC Director Chris Dunn and staff engineers John Hickey and Cameron Ackerman Mongolia: In October 2010, HEC participated in a travelled to South Korea to participate in the 8th training course held in Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia. International Symposium on Ecohydraulics This class provided GIS training. During the Conference in Seoul, present a one day symposium training, HEC personnel had the opportunity to go on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) into the field to collect data for use in developing with K-water, in Daejeon, South Korea, and to assist HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Modeling System) rainfall- in hydrologic and hydraulic engineering efforts runoff model and HEC-RAS (River Analysis System) regarding the Camp Humphreys development plan. hydraulic model. These models were scheduled to be

43-56

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES delivered to the Mongolians in the second quarter of anticipated that such a meeting will take place FY 2011. sometime in FY 2011.

UNESCO: Mr. John Hickey, Senior Hydraulic Hungary: Two members of HEC, Mr. Cameron Engineer attended the UNESCO International Ackerman and Mr. Mark Jensen, both Senior Workshop on Challenges and Solutions for Dam Re- Hydraulic Engineers, were invited to Hungary by the operation held at UNESCO Headquarters in Paris in Ministry of Environment and Water to conduct October 2010. The workshop consisted of a small training on HEC‘s River Analysis System (HEC- group of professionals from around the world RAS). The HEC-RAS modeling conference was held working with reservoir operations for environmental in Szolnok, Hungary and was used to raise public purposes presenting their efforts in hopes of awareness of flooding issues and highlight the identifying characteristics that are common to completion of an offline storage facility on the Tisza successes and failures. Mr. Hickey and Andy Warner River near the town of Tiszaroff. The modeling of The Nature Conservancy presented the Sustainable conference was organized by Dr. Sándor Kovács of Rivers Project as a case study for North American the Middle Tisza District and Pal Hegedus of RBF Rivers/Flood Control Reservoirs. Consulting. Opening presentations to more than 150 attendees were provided by László Kóthay, State Columbia River Treaty: HEC is a participating study Secretary for Water and Attila Lovas, Director of the team member for the Columbia River Treaty (CRT) Middle Tisza District. Mr. Ackerman gave the 2014/2024 Study. The CRT is an agreement between keynote presentation on the status of affairs of HEC, the United States and Canada. The purpose of the highlighting the latest software development CRT, which became effective in 1964, is to provide activities and, specifically, the future plans for HEC- flood control and power benefits to U.S. and RAS. It was announced at the conference that the Canadian regions. HEC supports the study project Hungary Ministry of Environment and Water has development team, including the Hydrology and officially adopted the HEC-RAS program for Hydraulics, Plan Formulation and Integration sub- performing all one-dimensional river modeling. It teams, provides technical and policy guidance, was very important for the Ministry management coordination and development of the HEC-FRM and personnel to hear directly from HEC about the future HEC-ResSim software features specific to CRT and of HEC-RAS, because they have made a five-year provides overall risk assessment methods to the CRT commitment to exclusively use RAS for river team. modeling. They were also very excited to hear that HEC is investigating the inclusion of a two- International Joint Commission: HEC provided dimensional spreading model. technical support to activities led by International Joint Commission (IJC) at the request of another Approximately 40 Hungarian engineers from the Corps office. Since 2006 HEC has contributed various water Districts attended the latter portion of specialized expertise to the International Upper Great the conference for HEC-RAS training. Mr. Lakes Study, managed by IWR, for modeling of Ackerman and Mr. Jensen provided hands-on training upper lakes routing and Lake Superior regulation and on several specific HEC-RAS topics. Following the alternate plan formulation. In addition to project HEC-RAS training, Mr. Ackerman and Mr. Jensen work through field offices and IWR, HEC supported were invited to the Middle Tisza District office in other IJC initiatives. For example, HEC participated Szolnok, where they received a briefing on the in a workshop regarding the IJC‘s International District‘s responsibilities, water management Watersheds Initiative. activities, and seasonal flood-fighting efforts. A site visit to various projects on the Tisza River followed Taiwan: In November 2009, several members of the the briefing at the District office. Taiwan Water Resources Agency (WRA) visited the Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC). Their The trip concluded with a visit to the Budapest interest was for HEC to come to Taiwan to perform University of Technology and Economics where Mr. training on the HEC software products. Since that Ackerman and Mr. Jensen met with Dr. János Józsa, time, HEC has been coordinating with HQUSACE Head of the Department for Hydraulic and Water and the U.S. State Department to investigate which Resources Engineering. Mr. Ackerman and Mr. process might be of use to allow this cooperative Jensen engaged in discussions regarding the field of effort to occur. The WRA has invited HEC to come water resources, physics, and the history of water to Taiwan to provide recommendations on methods resources and education in Hungary. Mr. Ackerman they may employ to help with flood modeling. It is and Mr. Jensen provided insight on HEC activities

43 -57 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010 and suggested software programs that the department United States National Commission: The United could use for research topics. Mr. Ackerman and Mr. States National Commission constitutes the Jensen were pleased to learn that the Budapest governing body of the U.S. Section. In 2010 the ex- University uses HEC products in both their B.Sc. and officio officers of the U.S. National Commission M.Sc. programs as part of their standard curriculum. were: Chairman, The Honorable Jo-Ellen Darcy, Assistant Secretary of the Army (Civil Works); President, MG William Grisoli, Deputy Commanding WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR WATERBORNE General for Civil Works and Emergency Operations; TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE (PIANC) Secretary, Ms. Anne Cann, an employee of IWR.

The World Association for Waterborne Transport In 2010, U. S. National Commissioners were: Mr. Infrastructure (PIANC), formerly known as the Dale Miller, Vice President representing the Western International Navigation Association, is an Region and President, Tetra Tech INCA; Mr. James organization with twenty-two national sections and McCarville, Vice President representing the Eastern membership in 65 countries, including 38 qualifying Region and Executive Director of the Port of members, two international river commissions, about Pittsburgh Commission; Dr. Robert Engler, Vice 450 corporate members (private companies, harbor President representing the Central Region and Senior agencies, firms, laboratories, universities, etc.) and Environmental Scientist, Moffatt and Nichol; Mr. about 2,500 individual members. From its John Headland, Senior Vice President and Regional headquarters in Brussels, Belgium, it acts as a Manager, Moffatt and Nichol; Mr. Dave Sanford, clearinghouse of technology and experiences relating Director of Navigation Policy and Legislation, to ocean and inland navigation improvements which American Association of Port Authorities; Dr. Craig are exchanged among engineers, scientists, port E. Philip, President and CEO, Ingram Barge operators, and marina and vessel owners, to name a Company; Mr. Dominic Izzo, Project Director, KBR; few. Its objective is to advance, on a worldwide and Ms. Helen Brohl, Director of the Executive basis, the sustainable development of all kinds of Secretariat of the Committee on the Marine navigation through the exchange of technical Transportation System. information on port and waterway development. The objective of the Association is met by holding PIANC Activities: PIANC USA again partnered International Congresses and by publishing technical with the American Society of Civil Engineers‘ bulletins and special reports. Special reports are (ASCE) Coasts, Oceans, Ports and Rivers Institute published describing the results of the work of (COPRI) to organize another highly successful international research teams, or working groups, PORTS conference, held in Jacksonville, Florida composed of those national members interested in the (April 26 – 28, 2010). PORTS 2010 ―Building on the particular subject under study. The organization also Past, Respecting the Future‖ was the twelfth in a serves as an excellent source of identifying individual series of international port and harbor development and corporate expertise throughout the world on specialty conferences held by ASCE on a tri-annual PIANC-related subjects. basis since 1977. Over 600 ports and harbors professionals gathered to participate in the technical The United States, a member of PIANC since 1902, program which featured over 140 presentations, four provides an annual appropriation for the support and pre-conference workshops, roundtable discussions on maintenance of the organization. This includes an timely and practice-oriented topics, and a tour of annual subvention to PIANC and payment of a JAXPORT and the St. John‘s River. U.S. Army portion of the travel expenses of officially appointed Corps of Engineers‘ Major General Bo Temple U.S. delegates (Commissioners) to meetings of the delivered the keynote address at the PORTS opening Annual General Assembly and Congresses. The plenary session. PIANC USA organized ‗Meet the annual appropriation for the U.S. Section PIANC is Author‘ sessions at its exhibit booth where U.S. currently $45,000, including the annual subvention of members of the PIANC technical working groups approximately $15,000. The U.S. Section is were scheduled to appear during breaks and lunches administered by law under the auspices of the to answer questions about the reports and promote USACE. It is located at the IWR NCR Humphreys their publication. Copies of the reports were Engineer Center facility. The U.S. Section is available for attendees to examine. composed of dues-paying individual and corporate members. U.S. Section membership on September In May of 2010, the PIANC World Congress and 30, 2010 totaled 218, consisting of 191 individual Annual General Assembly (AGA) were held in members and 27 corporate members. Liverpool, England. Members of the U.S. delegation

43-58

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES included The Honorable Jo-Ellen Darcy, Ms. Anne navigation channels, as well as promoting new Cann, Mr. Dale Miller, Mr. James McCarville, Dr. approaches to Dredged Material Management. Robert Engler, Mr. John Headland, Dr. Craig E. Presentations by Mr. Han Winterwerp (Marine and Philip, Mr. Dominic Izzo, MG Vald Heiberg (ret.), Coastal Systems, The Netherlands), Mr. Steve Chatry Mr. Harry Cook, and Ms. Kelly Barnes. PIANC (Weeks Construction), and Mr. Timothy Welp USA hosted a luncheon with members of the (USACE-ERDC) focused on recent developments in Delegation for local dignitaries, including Stephen sedimentation/fluid mud modeling and fluid mud Cork, HR Wallingford and Chairman, UK Section, measurements/properties, as well as on water and Mr. Mike Thorn, UK‘s Chief Government injection dredging technology. Delegate. Ten Young Professionals (YPs) gathered in the PIANC USA held its 2010 Annual Meeting on morning for a ―Meet and Greet‖ coffee prior to the September 22, in Boston, Massachusetts. Over PIANC Annual Meeting, and four YPs participated seventy people attended the one-day meeting which on a panel entitled ―Educating the Next Generation of included seven technical sessions highlighting Navigation Professionals‖ organized by Dr. Thomas recently released PIANC working group reports and Wakeman, Center for Maritime Systems, Stevens other topics of interest to the navigation community. Institute of Technology. The PIANC USA meeting The meeting was held in conjunction with the closed with a panel on Emerging Navigation Issues, National Waterways Conference‘s 50th Anniversary moderated by Mr. Jim McCarville from the Port of Conference to capitalize on the large number of high Pittsburgh Commission. level industry experts attending both meetings and to share expenses. PIANC USA participated in the 2010 World Canals Conference, held in Rochester, New York, September The PIANC Annual Meeting program included 14-19, 2010. The theme of the conference was remarks by the MG William Grisoli, Deputy "Canals in the Community Setting, New York State Commanding General for Civil and Emergency and Worldwide: Challenges and Opportunities." Operations, and Colonel Phillip T. Feir, Commander Over 90 speakers and more than 400 delegates and District Engineer for the New England District. attended from countries such as Belgium, Canada, The Honorable Jo-Ellen Darcy, Assistant Secretary of China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Netherlands, the Army (Civil Works), gave a report on PIANC Norway, Panama, Serbia, Sweden, U.K., West USA Activities over the past year. Technical Africa, and the United States. U.S. Army Corps of presentations on PIANC reports included topics such Engineers MG William Grisoli gave a keynote as Innovations in Navigation Lock Design, address. Governance, Organization and Management of River Ports, and Sustainable Waterways within the Context As part of the U.S. Section‘s Latin American of Navigation and Flood Management. outreach activities, PIANC USA participated in several conferences in conjunction with the OAS Mr. Dominic Izzo, KBR, organized the ―Ecological Inter-American Committee on Ports (OAS-CIP) Engineering in Navigation - Fluvial during 2010. These meetings included the OAS-CIP Geomorphological Restoration on the Upper Sixth General Assembly and Eleventh Executive Mississippi‖ session which was moderated by Mr. Board Meeting, held in March in Panama City, Chuck Spitzack, USACE. The session had panel Panama, and the 23rd National Waterborne Transport, members from US Geological Survey, US Fish and Shipbuilding and Offshore Congress, sponsored by Wildlife Service, the Corps, and private industry the Brazilian Society of Marine Engineers (KBR), with each giving its perspective and (SOBENA), in Rio de Janiero, Brazil at which a demonstrating how they all worked together to apply technical paper entitled ―Coastal Shipping in the sound ecosystem restoration, adaptive management U.S.: Can Future Opportunities Revitalize the and ecological engineering. This session was a real Trade?‖ was delivered. The CIP currently has four hit with the audience since it explored a range of active Technical Advisory Groups (TAGs), including issues including river processes, fish and wildlife Port Operations, Port Security (chaired by the U.S.), resources, authorities for restoration and engineering Navigation Safety, and Environmental Protection. solutions. Mr. John Headland, Moffatt and Nichol, The U.S. became a new member of the TAG on organized the session on ―Fluid Mud - Identifying the Environmental Protection in 2007 and is now a Bottom,‖ which included experts from the US and the member of all four TAGs. Netherlands. The session discussed the importance of navigable depth concepts and fluid mud science in

43 -59 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

PIANC USA is engaging the CIP to explore Bengt Bostrom, Consultant. Mr. Edward Schmeltz, opportunities to share expertise on port management, AECOM, serves as the Chair of the Commission development of common standards, improving Promotion Commission – Mr. Nicholas Pansic, dredging technology, addressing ballast water issues, MWH; Ms. Kelly Barnes, U.S. Army Corps of and potentially assist plans for inland waterway Engineers development in the Amazon and Parana- Paraguay Young Professionals Commission – Ms. Jessica river basins. Mr. David Grier, U.S. Army Corps of McIntyre, Moffatt and Nichol. Engineers, serves as the PIANC USA Latin American liaison. New Technical Working Groups: In 2010, nine new Working Groups were formed. The groups are PIANC USA‘s recently redesigned website has listed below along with the name of the U.S. information on issues and concerns of PIANC Representatives. members and other USACE personnel working in the navigation industry. The website and bi-monthly MarCom Permanent Task Group (Direct Access electronic newsletter have a clean, contemporary look of Maritime Ports by Inland Waterway Vessels) – Dr. and are user-friendly and informative. Ms. Kelly J. Thomas Wakeman, Stevens Institute of Technology Barnes, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers‘ Institute for MarCom 146 (Recommendations for the Design and Water Resources, is the editor of the PIANC Bulletin. Operation of Solid Bulk Floating Marine or Estuarine Transshipment Terminals) – no representative from PIANC Executive Committee (ExCom): PIANC the U.S. International‘s Executive Committee ensures the MarCom/RecCom 147 (Guidelines for Facilitation executive management of the Association and and Integration Among Recreational, Fishery and monitors the decisions and directives of the AGA and Commercial Navigation) – Mohammed Ibrahim, the Council. The U.S. representatives on the ExCom consultant are Mr. Shiv Batra, President, INCA Engineers, Inc. RecCom/EnviCom 148 (Environmental Impact (Vice President of Western Hemisphere), and Mr. Aspects of Recreational Navigation Infrastructures) – Edward Schmeltz, AECOM (International Dr. Yong H. Kim, Applied Science Associates, Inc., Cooperation Commission Chair). Dave Canfield, Applied Technology and Management, Inc. Representatives to Committees and Commissions: RecCom 149 (Guidelines for Marina Design) – Craig The principal business of PIANC is the sponsorship Funston, Redpoint Structures, Tim Keogh, Marina of technical working groups. The U.S. Section is Management Services, Inc., Michael Giovannozzi, represented by Principal and Co-Principal Members USACE of the Commissions managing technical working EnviCom 150 (Green Ports, a Practical Guide for a group activities. The 2010 U.S. representatives were: Sustainable Seaport) – Carlos G. Peña, CLE Engineering, Joe Zelasney, Committee on the Marine Environmental Commission — Dr. Susan Rees, Transportation System, Catherine Mulvey, USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile District; Dr. InCom 151 (Impacts of Seismic Loads and Vessel Todd Bridges, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Impact on Lock Gate) – James Costello, Tetra Tech ERDC. Young Professional Representative: - Ms. INCA, Dr. Robert Ebeling, USACE Sandra Brasfield, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, MarCom 152 (Guidelines for Cruise Terminals) – ERDC Gary Ledford, Halcrow, Don Oates, KPFF Inland Navigation Commission — Mr. John Consulting Engineers, Joe Zelasney, Committee on Clarkson, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Huntington the Marine Transportation System District; Mr. William Ronald Coles, WR Coles and MarCom 153 (Recommendations for the Design of Associates Marine Oil Terminals) – Gayle S. Johnson, Halcrow, Maritime Navigation Commission — Mr. E. Dan Martin Eskijian, CA State Lands Commission, Allen, Moffatt and Nichol, and Mr. Vahan Tanal, Rodney Hancock, Moffatt and Nichol. Chair is Ron Vahan Tanal Consulting Heffron, Moffatt and Nichol Recreational Navigation Commission — Mr. Robert Nathan, Moffatt and Nichol; Mr. Jack C. Cox, Working Group Reports Published in 2010: In HDR. Young Professional Representative: Ms. 2010, four Working Group Reports were published. Jessica McIntyre, Moffatt and Nichol The Reports are listed below along with the name of International Cooperation Commission – Mr. the U.S. Representatives. PIANC changed the David Grier, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Mr. Working Group/Report numbering system in 2008.

43-60

INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESOURCES

InCom 110 (old #31) (Governance Organization and MarCom 47 (Criteria for the Selection of Management of River Ports) — Jim McCarville, Port Breakwater Types and their Optimum Damage Risk of Pittsburgh Commission, and Deidre McGowan, Level) — Dr. Jeffrey A. Melby Inland Rivers Ports and Terminals, Inc. MarCom 48 (Guidelines for Port Constructions, InCom 111 (old #32) (Performance Indicators for Related to Bowthrusters) — Marcel Hermans and Inland Waterways Transport) — Bruce Lambert, Gary Greene Institute for Trade and Transportation Studies, and MarCom 49 (Horizontal and Vertical Dimensions of William Harder, USACE Fairways) — Michael J. Briggs MarCom 112 (old #53) (Mitigation of Tsunami MarCom 50 (General Principles for the Design of Disasters in Ports) — John Headland, Moffatt and Maritime Structures) — Bill Paparis Nichol, and Dr. Solomon Yim, Oregon State MarCom 51 (Water Injection Dredging) — Timothy University L. Welp EnviCom 108 (old #15) (Dredging and Port MarCom 52 (Criteria for the (Un-)Loading of Construction around Coral Reefs) — Mark Sudol, Container Ships) — Dan Allen USACE, and Russ Kaiser, USACE MarCom 54 (Use of Hydro/Meteo Information to Optimize Safe Port Access) — Robert Weeks and 2010 Active Working Groups and the names of Majid Yavary the U. S. Representatives: MarCom 55 (Safety Aspects of Berthing Operations of Oil and Gas Tankers) — Larry Cunningham, Sarah InCom 30 (Inventory of Inspection and Repair Rollings, and YP Larry Wise Techniques of Navigation Structures) — Robert MarCom 56 (Application of Geotextiles in Willis, Ron Heffron, and YP Chad Linna Waterfront Protection) — Doug Gaffney InCom 127 (Fish Passage) – Mark Cornish, John MarCom 57 (Stability of Pattern Placed Revetment Plump, and YP Aaron Buesing Elements) — Margaret Boshek InCom 128 (Alternate Bank Protection Methods for MarCom 135 (Design Principles for Container Inland Waterways) – S. Kyle McKay Terminals in Small and Medium Ports) - Dimitris InCom 129 (Waterway Infrastructure Asset Pachakis, Laurence Emsley and Steven Gray Maintenance Management) - José E. Sánchez and MarCom 144 (Classification of Soils and Rocks for James R. Fisher the Maritime Dredging Process) – Majid Yavary, InCom Permanent RIS WG (River Information Greg Sraders Services) – Richard Lockwood and Jeff Fritz MarCom 145 (Berthing Velocities and Fender InCom 137 (Navigation Structures Resilience to Design) – Cliff Ohl, Elizabeth Burkhart, Kevin Overloading) – David Sullivan (Chair), Dale Miller, Matakis and Kenton Braun (YP) MarCom 146 (Recommendations for the Design and InCom 138 (Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Operation of Solid Bulk Floating Marine or Estuarine Lessons Learnt from Navigation Structures) – Transshipment Terminals) – no representative from Brenden McKinley, Tim Paulus the U.S. InCom 139 (Values of Inland Waterways) – David MarCom/RecCom 147 (Guidelines for Facilitation Grier and Integration Among Recreational, Fishery and InCom 140 (Semi-Probabilistic Design Concept for Commercial Navigation) – Mohammed Ibrahim, Inland Hydraulic Structures) – Andy Harkness, consultant Robert Patev, Anjana Chudgar and Perry Cole MarCom 152 (Guidelines for Cruise Terminals) – InCom 141 (Design Guidelines for Inland Gary Ledford, Halcrow, Don Oates, KPFF Waterways) – Elizabeth C. Burg Consulting Engineers, Joe Zelasney, Committee on InCom 142 (Inland Navigation Safety) – John the Marine Transportation System Clarkson (Chair), Jeff Lillycrop, Joshua VerDught MarCom 153 (Recommendations for the Design of (YP) Marine Oil Terminals) – Gayle S. Johnson, Halcrow, InCom 151 (Impacts of Seismic Loads and Vessel Martin Eskijian, CA State Lands Commission, Impact on Lock Gate) – James Costello, Tetra Tech Rodney Hancock, Moffatt and Nichol. Chair is Ron INCA, Dr. Robert Ebeling, USACE Heffron, Moffatt and Nichol MarCom 39 (Monitoring of Breakwaters) — James MarCom Permanent Task Group (Direct Access D. Prehn of Maritime Ports by Inland Waterway Vessels) – Dr. MarCom 46 (Maritime Freight Transshipment) - Thomas Wakeman, Stevens Institute of Technology Doris Bautch RecCom 17 (Guidelines for Marina Design) — Dennis Kissman

43 -61 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

RecCom 130 (Anti-sedimentation Systems for Brazil in October 2010, at which a technical paper Marinas and Yacht Harbors) - Richard Dornhelm entitled ―Coastal Shipping in the U.S.: Can Future RecCom 131 (Catalogue of Marina Construction Opportunities Revitalize the Trade?‖ was delivered. Elements) – no U.S. representative RecCom 132 (Dry Stack Storage) – Tonu Mets The CIP serves as a permanent Inter-American forum RecCom 133 (Economic Aspects of Recreational for port related issues among the 34 member states of Navigation) – Michael Herrman the OAS. Its purposes include serving as the RecCom 134 (Design and Operational Guidelines for principal advisory body of the OAS on all topics Superyacht facilities) – Mark Pirrello concerning development in the port sector. It RecCom/EnviCom 148 (Environmental Impact proposes and promotes hemispheric cooperation Aspects of Recreational Navigation Infrastructures) – policies, improvements and port sector cooperation Dr. Yong H. Kim, Applied Science Associates, Inc., agreements, and the collection and dissemination of Dave Canfield, Applied Technology and data and information. The U.S. delegation to the Management, Inc. OAS-CIP is led by the U.S. Maritime Administration RecCom 149 (Guidelines for Marina Design) – Craig (MARAD), under guidance of the State Department, Funston, Redpoint Structures, Tim Keogh, Marina and with participation by the Coast Guard, EPA, and Management Services, Inc., Michael Giovannozzi, the Corps (through observer status for PIANC-US). USACE The CIP currently has four active Technical Advisory EnviCom Expert Group 2 (Environmental Benefits Groups (TAGs). These include Port Operations, Port of Waterborne Transport) — Keith Hofseth (chair), Security (chaired by the U.S.), Navigation Safety, Alfred Cofrancesco and Nick Pansic and Environmental Protection. The U.S. became a EnviCom 16 (Management of Ports and Waterways new member of the TAG on Environmental for Fish and Shellfish Habitat) — Dr. Douglas Clarke Protection in 2007 and is now a member of all four EnviCom Expert Group 3 (Climate Change and TAGs. Navigation) — Dr. James Corbett EnviCom 136 (Recommendations for Sustainable The U.S. Section-PIANC is engaging the CIP to Maritime Navigation) – David Moore explore opportunities to share expertise on port EnviCom 143 (Screening Evaluation of management, development of common standards, Environmental Effects of Navigation and improving dredging technology, addressing ballast Infrastructure Projects) – Igor Linkov, Burton Suedel, water issues, and potentially assist plans for inland Sandra Brasfield (YP) waterway development in the Amazon and Parana- EnviCom 150 (Green Ports, a Practical Guide for a Paraguay river basins. IWR, through PIANC-US, Sustainable Seaport) – Carlos G. Peña, CLE will participate in two CIP meetings in FY 2011, Engineering, Joe Zelasney, Committee on the Marine including the First Hemispheric Convention on Port Transportation System, Catherine Mulvey, USACE Logistics and Competitiveness in Ixtapa, Mexico, EnviCom Permanent Task Group (Climate Change scheduled to take place in November 2010, and the Permanent Task Group) – Dr. Kate White, Rolf Twelfth Meeting of the CIP Executive Board in Vina Olsen, Jason Giovannettone (YP) del Mar, Chile in March 2011. CoCom 2 (Best Practice for Shoreline Stabilization Methods) — Lesley Ewing CoCom 126 (Training in Ports and Waterways) – Dr. Billy Edge

IWR and U.S. Section PIANC Coordination with the Organization of American States, Inter- American Committee on Ports: During FY 2010, members of the Institute, through the U.S. Section- PIANC, participated in several conferences in conjunction with the OAS Inter-American Committee on Ports (OAS-CIP). These meetings included the OAS-CIP Sixth General Assembly and Eleventh Executive Board Meeting, held in March 2010 in Panama City, Panama and the 23rd National Waterborne Transport, Shipbuilding and Offshore Congress, sponsored by the Brazilian Society of Marine Engineers (SOBENA), in Rio de Janiero,

43-62 INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY WATERS BOARDS

In order to carry out United States obligations year are listed in Table 44-1. For an explanation of the under international agreements, the Office of the Chief of constitution of the various boards and committees, see the Engineers and several Corps divisions and districts with annual reports, Volume II for fiscal years 1977 and 1980. jurisdiction over areas bordering Canada have representation on numerous international boards, In recent years the IJC has adopted an ecosystem committees, and other groups. The majority of these approach for its Boards with a view toward amalgamating boards were established by the International Joint a number of its Boards, where it makes sense to do so, as Commission (IJC) as empowered in accordance with the a first step in the development of international watershed provisions of the Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909 Boards. This approach stemmed from the Commission’s between the United States and Great Britain (for Canada). recommendations in its 1997 report to the governments of IJC boards fall into two broad categories: boards of the United States and Canada. This report was provided control, which are more or less permanent and supervise at the request of governments for a proposal on how the compliance over an IJC order; and engineering, technical, IJC might best assist them to meet the environmental or study boards, which are usually dissolved after challenges of the 21st century. Subsequently, completing and reporting on an investigation assignment. governments asked the Commission, in a reference dated 19 November 1998, to further define the framework for In addition to boards created by the Commission, operation of international watershed boards as other international boards and committees are created by recommended by the IJC in its 1997 report. The IJC treaties or other arrangement in matters concerned with provided governments with status reports in December the water resources of joint interest, and the members 2000, June 2005 and January 2009 on the matter, and report directly to the Governments or establishing agency. several of its boards have been amalgamated since 1998. International boundary waters boards and committees having Corps of Engineers memberships during the fiscal

TABLE 44-1 International Boundary Waters Boards Having Corps of Engineers Members

YEAR UNITED STATES BOARD NAME ESTABLISHED REPRESENTATION

1. Intl. Lake Superior 1914 * Division Engineer, Great Lakes and Ohio River Division Deputy Engineer -- Designated Alternate

2. Intl. St. Croix River** 1915 *District Engineer, New England 3. Intl. Lake Memphremagog 1920 *District Engineer, New York 4. Intl. Lake of the Woods Control Board 1925 *District Engineer St. Paul 5. Intl. Lake Champlain 1937 *District Engineer, New York

6. Intl. Kootenay Lake 1938 *1. District Engineer, Seattle 2. Dept. of Interior, USGS, Boise, ID

7. Intl. Rainy Lake Board of Control 1941 *1. District Engineer, St. Paul 2. Resource Biologist

8. Intl. Osoyoos Lake 1943 1. District Engineer, Seattle 2. *Dept. of Interior, USGS, Tacoma, WA 3. Washington State Parks & Recreation Commission, Olympia, WA

44-1 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010 YEAR UNITED STATES BOARD NAME ESTABLISHED REPRESENTATION

9. Intl. Red River Board *** 2000 1. *District Engineer, St. Paul (as of Jan 2009) 2. Dept. of Interior, USBR, Bismarck, ND 3. Dept. of Interior, EPA, Denver, CO 4. Dept. of Interior, USGS, Bismarck, ND 5. Sand Hill River Watershed District, Fertile, MN 6. ND State Water Commission, West Fargo, ND 7. MN Pollution Control Agency, Detroit Lakes, MN 8. MN Dept. of Natural Resources, Bemidji, MN 9. ND Dept. of Health, Bismarck, ND

10. Intl. Niagara Board of Control 1953 1. *Division Engineer, Great Lakes and Ohio River Division;--Deputy Division Engineer - Designated Alternate 2. Dept. of Energy, FERC, Wash., D.C.

11. Intl. St Lawrence River Board of Control 1953 1. *Division Engineer, Great Lakes and Ohio River Division; Deputy Division Engineer - Designated Alternate 2. Civil Engineer, Retired 3. Rochester Institute of Technology 4. Cornell University 5. NY Department of Environmental Conservation, Retired

12. Coordinating Committee on Great Lakes 1953 1. Great Lakes and Ohio River Division Basic Hydraulic and Hydrologic Data 2. Dept. of Commerce, Chesapeake, VA

13. Intl. Niagara Committee (reports to US 1955 *Division Engineer, Great Lakes and Ohio River State Dept) Division

14. Intl. Souris River Board **** 2001 1. District Engineer, St. Paul 2. *ND State Engr., Bismark, ND 3. Dept. of Interior, USGS, Bismarck, ND 4. Dept. of Interior, USFWS, Denver, CO 5. ND Dept. of Health, Bismarck, ND 6. ND Game & Fish Dept., Bismarck, ND

15. Columbia River Treaty Entities 1964 1. Division Engineer, Northwestern Division 2. *Administrator of Bonneville Power Admin., Portland, OR

16. Columbia River Treaty, Permanent 1964 1. *Director of Civil Works, HQUSACE, Engineering Board (PEB) Washington, D.C. 2. Director, Institute for Water Resources (IWR), Alexandria, VA [Alternate Chair] 3. Department of Energy, Newberg, OR 4. Department of Energy, Portland, OR [Alternate Member]

44-2 INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY WATERS BOARDS

YEAR UNITED STATES BOARD NAME ESTABLISHED REPRESENTATION

17. Intl. Champlain-Richelieu 1975 1. *New York Dept. Environmental Conservation 2. District Engineer, New York 3. Vermont Environmental Conservation Agency 4. New England River Basins Commission, Staff Associate 5. Dept. of Interior F&WS, Boston, MA

18. Lake Ontario - St. Lawrence River Study 2001 1. * Institute for Water Resources (IWR) 2. NY Department of Environmental Conservation 3. Cornell University 4. Rochester Institute of Technology 5. Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe 6. Private Citizens (two)

19. Intl. Upper Great Lakes Study 2007 1. *Institute for Water Resources (IWR) 2. MI Department of Environmental Quality 3. University of Michigan 4. Johns Hopkins University 5. Private Consultant

* Signifies U.S. Section Chairman ** In September 2000, the International Joint Commission formally combined its existing International St. Croix River Board of Control and its International Advisory Board on Pollution Control - St. Croix River and established the International St. Croix River Board *** Amalgamated Board Comprised of Former Intl. Red River Pollution Board and Red River Portion of Former Intl. Souris- Red Rivers Engineering Board **** Amalgamated Board Comprised of Former Intl. Souris River Board of Control and Souris River Portion of Former Intl. Souris-Red Rivers Engineering Board

Comprehensive Study on Regulating Water Levels of Lake Ontario and in the St. Lawrence River

In FY2001, the International Joint Commission formed the International Lake Ontario - St. Lawrence River Study Board to undertake a comprehensive five-year study to assess and evaluate the current criteria used for regulating water levels on Lake Ontario and in the St. Lawrence River. Details of the effort were discussed in previous year’s Annual Report. The Study Board provided its report to the IJC on 2 April 2006, with three candidate regulation plans for the IJC’s consideration. An updated version of one of the candidate plans was selected by the IJC and presented to the US and Canadian Governments, and to the public for comment in 2008. Subsequently, the IJC concluded that the proposed alternative plan was not a practical option, and that a new plan should move towards more natural flows to benefit the environment, while respecting other interests. The IJC proposed, and Governments agreed, to establish a Working Group to resolve outstanding issues. The Working Group consists of both federal governments, the State of New York, and the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec. The Lakes and Rivers Division Commander is one of two U.S. Government representatives. Discussions are underway among the five parties and the IJC to develop a new regulation plan for Lake Ontario. The St. Lawrence River Board of Control is exploring how to consider the environment to the extent possible within its current authorities.

Upper Great Lakes Plan of Study

In FY 2007 the International Joint Commission formed the International Upper Great Lakes Study Board to address evolving needs of the upper Great Lakes related to levels and flows. The Study Board’s mandate is to undertake studies required to provide the Commission with the information it needs to evaluate options for regulating levels and flows in the Upper Great Lakes. Ongoing investigations include examining the physical processes and possible changes occurring in the 44-3

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010 St. Clair River, review of operational procedures for the control structures regulating Lake Superior outflow, assessment of the current regulation plan for Lake Superior, and examination of options to improve the IJC operating rules and criteria governing the Upper Great Lakes system. The Board’s five year study will implement lessons learned from the Lake Ontario – St. Lawrence River Study.

At the IJC’s request, the Study Board accelerated the investigations examining physical processes and possible changes occurring in the St. Clair River. This effort addressed questions raised about the factors affecting changes in the difference in levels between Lakes Huron and Erie, purported changes in the conveyance capacity of the St. Clair River, and factors contributing to the current low lake levels of Lake Michigan and Lake Huron. A report on the findings of this investigation was completed on December 15, 2009. The report concluded the first phase of the Study, and determined that over the last four decades, the conveyance of the St. Clair River has changed due to man-made factors. However, the declining lake levels were due primarily to climatic variability and glacial isostatic rebound. . The Study Board recommended that measures to remediate the increased conveyance of the river not be undertaken at this time. It also recommended that mitigation measures in the St. Clair River be examined as part of the comprehensive assessment of the future effects of climate change in the second phase of the Study.

Recognizing that improvements to the existing plan for Lake Superior regulation will be small considering a historic database and that in the upper Great Lakes, the outflow control is at the outlet of the upper most lake in the system, the Study Board has developed an approach that considers the acceptable range of water levels for a given interest or sector and how those water level ranges may change in response to future climate conditions. This approach uses coping zones to determine how acceptable a particular range is to an interest. Regional climate models for both comparative analyses and the development of climate change scenarios will be utilized. The coping zones and the hydrology that will be considered will help formulate an adaptive regulation plan and management strategy that could be implemented beyond the Study’s completion date of March 31, 2012.

The Corps Institute for Water Resources is both chairing the Study and managing its activities. Corps personnel are leading five of the technical work groups.

Columbia River Treaty 2014/2024 Review

Since its ratification in 1964, the Columbia River Treaty has provided significant benefits to the United States and Canada through coordinated river management by the two countries. When the Treaty was negotiated, its goals were to provide significant flood control and power generation benefits to both countries. The Treaty contains two provisions; however, that may significantly change these benefits as early as the year 2024. In 2024 the 60 years of purchased flood control space in Canadian Treaty projects expires. Instead of a coordinated and managed plan to regulate both Canadian and U.S. projects for flood control, the Treaty calls for a shift to a Canadian operation under which the United States can call upon Canada for flood control assistance. The United States can request this ―called upon‖ assistance as needed but only after making the most effective use of U.S. projects for flood control first. The U.S. will then have to reimburse Canada for its operational costs and any economic losses resulting from the called upon flood control operation.

The year 2024 is also important for a second reason; it is the first year the Treaty can possibly be terminated. While the Treaty has no specified end date, it does allow either Canada or the United States the option to terminate most of the provisions of the Treaty on or after 16 September 2024, with a minimum of 10 years’ written advance notice—hence the significance of the year 2014. Unless the Treaty is terminated or the federal governments elect to modify the Treaty, its provisions continue indefinitely, except for flood control changes as already noted.

Given the significance of both of these provisions, it is important that the parties to the Treaty understand the implications for post-2024 Treaty planning and Columbia River operations. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Bonneville Power Administration, the agencies that implement the Treaty in the U.S. on behalf of the U.S. Entity, are conducting a multi-year effort to understand these implications. This effort is called the 2014/2024 Columbia River Treaty Review.

The Treaty is complex, and affects millions of people and a wide variety of issues on both sides of the border. Implementing the required changes in flood control provisions in 2024, and preparing for the possibility of Treaty termination, will be a major challenge for both countries. Due to the scope and complexity of these issues, the U.S. Entity is taking a phased approach to studying the Treaty and the issues related to its future. Each phase will provide valuable information, building

44-4 INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY WATERS BOARDS toward a comprehensive and informed picture for evaluating the future of the Treaty. Phase I of the 2014/2024 Review was initiated in 2008. Phase I is the initial modeling phase. Its purpose is to provide fundamental information about post-2024 conditions both with and without the current Treaty, and only from the perspective of power and flood. Phase I is a joint modeling effort between the U.S. and Canadian Entities. These initial studies are not designed to establish future operating strategies, alternatives to the Treaty, or government policies, but simply to begin the learning process.

International Red River Board

This is an amalgamated Board with responsibilities of both engineering and pollution control. The International Red River Board is mandated to prevent and resolve disputes regarding the transboundary Red River and the transboundary tributary ecosystem related to water quality, water quantity, and aquatic biology. The work of the Red River Basin Task Force presented in the April 2000 report, titled: ―The Next Flood: Getting Prepared‖ presented 51 recommendations that further define the Board actions. General items of concern include water quality at the border, Lake Winnipeg phosphorus loading, flow management, the Pembina River Boundary Dike issue, the hydraulic connection at Lake Traverse concerning the interbasin transfer of exotic species, the Devils Lake situation, the continuation of hydraulic models initiated by the Task Force, the apportionment of water between countries. The District Commander and his staff are actively involved in the Devils Lake situation, including participation at meetings of basin interests and agencies, tours of the Devils Lake area for the Board and the IJC, technical assistance, continuous contacts and coordination with Canadian counterparts, and presentations to the IJC.

Recent support to the International Red River Board (IRRB) included: briefing IJC at their April 2010 meeting in Washington, D.C.; organizing and attending the September 2010 IRRB meeting in Devils Lake, ND; preparing the annual progress report to IJC.; organizing and attending the September 2010 IRRB meeting in Devils Lake, ND.; briefing IJC at their October 2010 meeting in Ottawa, Ontario; attending the annual Red River Basin Commission (RRBC) Water Conference, January 2011; organizing and attending IRRB semi-annual meeting, January 2011; and developing the annual status report to the IJC.

International Saint Croix River Board

The International Joint Commission was established by the 1909 Boundary Waters Treaty between the United States and Great Britain (for Canada). The International St. Croix Board of Control was established in 1915 to oversee and report to the Commission on issues regarding water levels, flows and fish passage facilities associated with dams along the St. Croix River. The St. Croix River runs along 115 miles of the international boundary between Maine and New Brunswick, Canada. The main objects of the Board of Control are to monitor the ecological health of the river and to ensure that lake levels and river flows, which are controlled by various dams, are maintained within the limits set by the Commission's Order of Approval. The Board also conducts public meetings, inspections of the system and reports annually to the Commission on its activities. The New England District Engineer serves as the US Co-chair of the International St. Croix River Watershed Board. A staff member of the Engineering/Planning Division serves as the Board Secretary, and performs administrative and technical functions. Annual efforts require site visits to dam structures and fish passage facilities; retrieval and analysis of hydrologic data; monitoring of water quality and aquatic ecosystem health objectives; preparation of the annual Board Report; and attendance at public meetings, and semi-annual Commission and Board meetings. The 2009 Board Report was released in March of 2010.

44-5

REGULATORY, SUNKEN VESSEL REMOVAL AND NATIONAL EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS ACTIVITIES

1. Regulatory Activities approximately 9,900 applications. This type of determination is made when the Corps Authorities. The following authorities has no regulatory authority over the site charge the Corps of Engineers with the and/or the proposed work. The Corps denied regulation of various construction related approximately 260 permits during FY 2010. activities in U. S. waters and wetlands: Most projects which might otherwise have Sections 9 and 10 of the Rivers and Harbors been denied a permit were modified or Act of 1899 (structures in waterways and the conditioned to meet Corps requirements, alteration of waterways); Section 103 of the scaled down to qualify for approval under Marine, Protection, Research, and general permits, or withdrawn. About Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (Ocean Dumping); 10,200 permit applications were withdrawn. and Section 404 of the Clean Water Act Under the regulatory program, the Corps (discharge of dredged or fill material). made approximately 64,000 jurisdictional determinations in FY 2010, many of which Work Completed. During FY 2010, were made in response to requests from the Corps reviewed and authorized landowners who were not applying for approximately 84,000 permit activities, permits resulting in approximately 57,000 permit authorizations or verifications. The Corps investigated approximately 2900 Approximately 92% percent of the minor reported unauthorized activities in FY 2010, activities were approved within 60 days. most of which were purported violations of Approximately 3,700 projects were issued as Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. individual permits, and more than approximately 53,000 projects reviewed and During 2010 The Corps conducted approved under regional or nationwide compliance site visits on over 17 percent of general permits. General permits are issued permits requiring permittee responsible to the public at large and define types of compensatory mitigation, issued the past minor activities with no more than minimal five years and more than 34% of active adverse effects on the aquatic environment, mitigation banks (source - ORM2). which do not usually require the extensive review necessary for projects authorized by Impacts to over approximately 21,500 Acres individual permits. Use of general permits of waters and wetlands (not including provides significant time and cost savings to conversion and restoration activities), the public for small projects with minimal resulting in over 43,000 Ac of compensatory environmental impacts. The Corps modified mitigation, numerous credits from over 900 over 3100 exiting permits during FY 2010. approved banks and 50 ILF programs These projects received previous (source permittee responsible mitigation authorization and, due to changes in the (ORM2), bank/ILF totals and acreages activity, there was a need to revise and included in compensatory mitigation totals - modify the permit. The Corps determined RIBITS). that no permit was required on

45-1 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

TABLE A GENERAL REGULATORY FUNCTIONS

Obligations Unobligated Balance - 30 Sep 09 $ 11,596,009 Net Allotments $ 193,630,028

Total Funds Available $ 205,226,037 Obligations $ 193,291,308

Unobligated Balance- 30 Sep 10 $ 11,934,729

Expenditures Unexpended Balance - 30 Sep 09 $ 21,364,520 Allotment $ 193,630,028

Total Funds Available $ 214,994,548

Expenditures $ 195,220,781 Unexpended Balance - 30 Sep 10 $ 19,773,767

TABLE B ARRA REGULATORY FUNCTIONS

Obligations Unobligated Balance - 30 Sep 09 $ 17,523,150

Total Funds Available $ 17,398,150 Obligations $ 17,389,374

Unobligated Balance- 30 Sep 09 $ 8,775.47

Investigation and Removal of Sunken Vessels

Under the authority of Sections 19 and 20 of the River and Harbor Act of 1899, the Corps of Engineers investigated sunken vessels in navigable waters and removed those obstructing navigation. For obligation expenditures, see Table B (next page)

45-2

REGULATORY, SUNKEN VESSEL REMOVAL AND NATIONAL EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS ACTIVITIES

TABLE B REMOVAL OF SUNKEN VESSELS ($000)

Obligations Unobligated Balance - 30 Sep 09 $ 143,000 Allotment $ 475,000

Total Funds Available $ 618,000 Obligations $ 0

Unobligated Balance - 30 Sep 10 $ 618,000

Expenditures Unexpended Balance - 30 Sep 09 $ 143,000 Allotment $ 475,000

Total Funds Available $ 618,000 Expenditures $ 0

Unexpended Balance - 30 Sep 10 $ 618,000

2. National Emergency Preparedness Activities Status. During FY 2010, the Corps of Engineers continued its effort to improve the command’s Authority. Executive Orders 10480 and 12656 and readiness posture and its ability to respond to various the Federal Emergency Management Agency national/regional catastrophic disasters to include (FEMA) under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief terrorists’ attacks. Emphasis has been on those and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 USC 5121 et seq. activities to prepare for catastrophic natural and are the basis of the Federal Response Plan. The cited technological disasters requiring major Federal executive directives assign significant responsibilities support of state and local governments overwhelmed for such preparation (planning, training, research and by a disaster event, and for national level emergency testing) to the Corps. This includes responsibility for water planning. The primary focus during FY 2010 development of comprehensive national level continued to provide support to two major national preparedness plans and guidance for response to all level civil planning areas: (a) support to the nation’s regional/national emergencies, whether caused by ability to mobilize national assets to meet natural phenomena or acts of man, plans for national/regional level emergencies and (b) support response(s) to acts of terrorism, and the local to continuity of government and continuity of preparedness necessary to support Corps continuity operations during national emergencies. Lessons of operations. The Corps provides engineering and learned from past hurricanes, floods, earthquakes, construction support to state and local governments and man-made/National events indicate that in response to catastrophic natural/technological improvements in response to catastrophic disasters disasters. Rapid response to disasters of a are still required. In this regard, the Corps continues regional/national magnitude requires that extensive to emphasize a program that uses the deliberate pre-emergency planning and preparedness activities planning process to develop scenario specific be conducted to assure the availability of a work catastrophic disaster plans. This will result in more force capable of shifting from routine missions to detailed planning and should provide for a more crisis operations and the organizational command and comprehensive response to national/regional control structure(s) necessary to provide a catastrophic disasters to include terrorist attacks. coordinated and comprehensive response in the More extensive coordination with Federal, state and critical early stages of a catastrophic disaster. local entities will be incorporated into plan

45-3 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

USACE HQ along with several Divisions development. In this regard, following DHS/ took part in planning for several building block FEMA’s program focus, USACE continues to play a events leading to the National Level Exercise 2011 in key role in national security planning such as May 2011 based on the New Madrid Seismic Zone supporting Homeland Security strategic planning (NMSZ) catastrophic earthquake, including the efforts, development of the National Capitol Region Resource Allocation Workshop (RAW) conducted 30 Response Plan and other plans such as the New Nov through 3 Dec 2010 with the eight states of the Madrid Earthquake and other contingencies with Central United States Earthquake Consortium national implications. Initial review of the Federal (CUSEC) and federal interagency, which focused on interagency community developed fifteen all-hazards bridging the gaps of resource needs in response to a planning scenarios (the National Planning Scenarios) catastrophic earthquake. The National Exercise for use in national, Federal, State, and local homeland Contingency Assessment Plan (NECAP) workshop security preparedness activities are underway. The conducted at HQ USACE with federal interagency Scenarios are planning tools and are representative of centered on four focus areas of Damage to the range of potential terrorist attacks and natural Water/Wastewater Infrastructure, Provision of Power disasters and the related impacts that face our nation. to Key Facilities, Debris Removal and Restoration of Navigable Waterways. Senior Leader issues were Additional efforts focus on continuing to developed from this workshop for use in the Senior strengthen COOP readiness. Exercises, involving Leaders Seminar in April 2011. federal, state and local officials, contribute to a more timely and effective execution of Corps The New York District hosted a training responsibilities during disasters that have national exercise with the 249th Engineering Battalion- impacts. Continuing to capitalize on existing "Prime Power" and Philly's Districts Temp Power planning efforts and forums, and taking advantage of PRT conducting critical power assessments in New the current atmosphere of urgency regarding York and New Jersey. emergency preparedness will advance preparedness among all levels of government to improve response The South Pacific Division conducted a and ensure the health and safety of citizens, workers, Structures Specialists Cadre, Level 2 Training and visitors in the metropolitan Washington region. Session and participated in a Western Regional training session. Weather Exercise to determine requirements for personal deploying into severe cold weather and . weather impacts that would be addressed during an actual event.

45-4

CIVIL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES

Authority. Public Law 84-99 (33 U.S.C. 701n) to ensure their viability to provide flood (69 Stat. 186) provides the authority for the U. S. protection. For each specific event, as needed, Army Corps of Engineers to provide a full Headquarters augments its staff and the staffs of spectrum of emergency management/disaster the impacted division/district(s) to manage the assistance activities using the Flood Control and event, addressing areas such as resource Coastal Emergencies (FCCE) appropriation. allocations (dollars and people), funding Under PL 84-99, the Chief of Engineers, acting emergency contracts, purchasing needed for the Secretary of the Army, is authorized to materials, providing technical and direct undertake activities including disaster assistance, the logistics of moving people and preparedness for all natural disasters, Advance materials, and coordinating with Measures (preventive measures when faced with tribal/Federal/state/local agencies involved in the an imminent threat of unusual flooding), event. These augmentation activities include emergency operations (Flood Response and Post overtime for Headquarters, funding of field staff, Flood Response), rehabilitation of flood control emergency contracts, travel to the event area, works damaged by flood or coastal storm, purchasing materials and supplies, increased protection or repair of federally authorized shore staffing to include providing Remote Sensing/ protective works threatened or damaged by Geographic Information System (RS/GIS) coastal storm, and provision of emergency water services. due to drought or contaminated water source. Under The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief Significant Events. and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) (88 Stat. 143) (The Stafford Act), the Haiti Earthquake Federal Emergency Management Agency On 12 January 2010, a magnitude 7.0 (FEMA) may direct USACE to use its resources earthquake, depth 6.2 miles, occurred approx 10 to provide assistance in the event of a major miles SW of Port-au-Prince, Haiti along with 13 disaster or emergency declaration by the aftershocks including magnitude 5.5 and 5.9 (15- President. Under The Stafford Act and its 40 miles WSW of Port-au-Prince). Structural implementing National Response Plan, USACE damage was considerable, particularly to poorly has a standing mission to provide assistance in built structures. The US State Department is the the area of Public Works and Engineering, Federal lead agency for disaster response in Emergency Support Function (ESF) #3, for Haiti. Haiti is in the US Southern Command response to a major disaster or catastrophic (USSOUTHCOM) Area of Responsibility event. (AOR). Mobile District received $123,000 from Southcom for the 4 deploying engineers. Activities. Overall, the Civil Emergency Management Program ensures Oklahoma Ice Storm: timely, effective, and efficient disaster On 27 January, Ice and rain moved to snow in preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation most areas. Snow fall was estimated to fall from projects and services on a nationwide basis to a low of 4 inches to a high of 12 inches in some reduce loss of life and property damage under areas. This compounded the already existing ice DOD, USACE, FEMA/DHS, and other agencies' problem on the ground. Governor Brad Henry authorities. Major disaster preparedness declared a state of emergency for the entire State activities included: the review and updating of of Oklahoma. Declaration Regional FEMA disaster preparedness and response plans to issued four mission assignments: one for Debris ensure viability; training personnel to ensure in the amount of $120,000, a Regional their capability to respond to disasters; Activation in the amount of $10,000, another procurement and pre-positioning of critical EM Regional Activation in the amount of equipment and supplies which would likely not $25,000, and an EM Dec for Power Mission in be available during initial stages of a response; the amount of $2,000,000. In addition, $25,000 periodic exercises to test and evaluate plans, was issued for EOC Operations. personnel and training; and the inspection of Federal and non-Federal flood control projects

46-1 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

2010 Spring Floods North East MVS On 29 March uncontrolled underseepage was th Sustained rainfall for several days from the 13 observed upstream of Mel Price Locks & Dam at th to the 15 of March along the New England approximate RM 201. The area lies within the coast resulted in minor to moderate flooding in Wood River Illinois Levee District and the St. Rhode Island and Massachusetts. Total funds Louis District implemented measures to reduce received were $200,000. A total of 11 pumps pressure levels beneath the levee. $190,000 of were delivered to RI and 500,000 sandbags were funds was received to support operations. issued to New England District’s AOR.

Significant Nor’easter with Level I Hurricane TN Flooding gusts left the CENAN Civil Works AOR causing Flooding was widespread though out western nearly 500,000 customers to lose electric power Tennessee on 1 May. The Nashville District at the height of the storm. Rainfall in the AOR Commander declared a Flood Emergency in ranged from 4"-5" with a maximum of 7 inches western Tennessee and State EOC contacted the in the Union and Middlesex Counties of New Nashville EM and requested sandbags to flood Jersey. Coastal flooding of low-lying areas fight initially in Houston County. 62,000 occurred with reported serious erosion on Long sandbags were issued for this event. There were Island South shorelines a total of $20,000 in approximately 42 personnel supporting this EOC funding was receive to support this event. operation and $308,000 in funding was issued to FEMA 2 Regional Readiness Coordination support EOC Activation and High Water Marks. Center (RRCC) mission assignment requested for 3 Coastal Engineers and 1 Debris Engineer Summer Floods Subject Matter Expert (SME) to perform PDAs MVR in New York State. Several flash flood type rain events caused the Mississippi River and tributaries in the State of 2010 Spring Floods Midwest Iowa and Illinois to experience minor to major flooding. Funds totaling $140,000 was received. MVR provided 900,000 sandbags to Omaha MVP District on 14 June 2010, 377,000 sandbags to On 24Febuary the National Weather Service Kansas City District on 22 June 2010, and staged river crest forecasts indicated a high probability 325,000 sandbags and 6 pumps at Saylorville of major flooding at several locations through Lake, Johnston, IA on 28 June 2010. the Red River of the North (RRN), Souris River, Minnesota River and Devils Lake Basins. MVS $7,865,000 in funding was issued. 150,000 Due to continued high water levels on the sandbags were distributed, along with 23 pumps. Mississippi, Missouri and Illinois Rivers the MVS EOC initiated increased monitoring of MVR flood protection systems. Total funding received Significant soil moisture and snow pack runoff for this event was $190,000 and 3 EOC has caused tributaries within the state of Iowa to personnel supported EOC Operations. rise above flood stage. The Des Moines, Raccoon, Iowa and Cedar River Basins posed the highest risk of significant flooding. The Rock Island District, in conjunction with the National Weather Service monitored the situation. $50,000 and 11 pumps were received for this event.

46-2 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2010

Lower MO River Flood 29 June. Galveston District EOC was activated Significant rains across Nebraska, Kansas, and 28 June, and on 29 June increased to Level 3 Iowa caused Missouri River levels to rise, which Partial Activation. 15 personnel were supporting threaten Federal and non-Federal levees from EOC Operations. A total of $75,000 in funding Rulo, Nebraska downstream through Atchison, was received for this event and 32,000 sandbags Kansas. USACE was activated to provide ESF 3 were issued. FEMA Mission Assignments assistance to FEMA RRCC or other locations as included: Regional Activation, 4 personnel directed by FEMA. 115,495 sandbags were assigned; commodities, 17 mission personnel distributed to Cole Lake Levee District, Ray required and assigned; and Emergency Power Lafayette Levee District, and Saline Lafayette Mission, 1 person deployed from Galveston, TX Levee District. Six pumps were issued (Burr EOC, 3 from Austin, TX, and 13 from Randolph Oak-1, Farley-2, and Waldron-1, MO Valley-1, AFB, Seguin Texas. USACE confirmed 106 Egypt-1). Funds received totaled $810K. FEMA generator's on site and 2 accompanying FEMA Bill of Materials (BOMs) with the generators. NWO The Omaha District provided technical and direct assistance for communities in Wyoming Hurricane Earl who experienced flooding on the Middle Fork of On 31 August, the center of Hurricane Earl was the Popo Agie River, Little Popo Agie River and located about 680 miles SSE of Cape Hatteras, the Little Wind River, WY. Funds totaling NC, moving northwest near 17 mph. Forecast $2,400,000 was received by the district. 4’ track the core of the hurricane will continue to HESCO, and 5,000 lf of the Visqueen were sent move well east and northeast of the Bahamas and from Omaha Warehouse to Lander, WY. approach the North Carolina coast on Thursday, 2,074,550 sandbags were distributed throughout 2 September. Maximum sustained winds are the District and technical assistance was near 135 mph with higher gusts. Earl is a provided at areas of concern in Nebraska, Iowa, Category 3 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson South Dakota and Missouri. 271 Poly Rolls were scale. Some fluctuations in intensity are expected on hand and 6,000 LF was sent to Lander, during the next 24 – 36 hrs. Earl is still a large Wyoming. hurricane and growing. Hurricane force winds extend outward up to 90 miles from the center, and tropical storm force winds extend outward LRH up to 200 miles. Severe weather impacted the State of Indiana, causing flash flooding concerns as well as two private dam breeches in Hendricks County NAO (IDHS District 5). Initial Clinton County Norfolk District EOC activated at 1715 on 31 communities of Frankfort, Edna Mills and August; COL Backus declared emergency at this Rossville, IN and Morgan County were affected. time. Funds requested and received on 1 The Indiana Department of Homeland Security, September, in the amount of $50,000. Emergency Operations Center (EOC) raised its activation level to Level III at 1035hrs on 22 SAW June 2010, and prepared for flood fight response. Wilmington District EOC activated at 1200 on 22 June 2010, the District Commander declared 30 August; $25,000 requested and received. A a Flood Emergency for Central Indiana. A total hurricane warning is in effect from Bogue Inlet, of $18,000 in funding was received. North Carolina northeastward to the North Carolina/Virginia border and includes both Hurricane Alex Pamlico and Albemarle Sounds in northeast Made landfall as a Category 2 hurricane North Carolina. about 110 miles southwest of Brownsville on 30 June 2010. President Obama issued an Emergency Declaration for Texas on

46-3