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July 2007 Is Sn 1030-2662 JULY 2007 IS SN 1030-2662 771030 26600 PR NT POST APPROVED - PP255003/01272 0 HT91])1K 2fflirra We have been wanting to produce this Nixie Clock project for a long time and now it has finally come to fruition. It has the warm, fascinating glow of Nixie tubes with their hypnotic counting action, mixed with a cool blue glow from a high-brightness LED from underneath each tube. It makes an eye-catching display, both during the day and at night. Pt.1: Design by DAVID WHITBY Two different cases will be available - either a see-through Perspex case as shown at left or a white powder-coated diecast aluminium case as shown above. By the way, the photos really don't do the brightly glowing Nixie & LED displays justice. F YOU DO A GOOGLE search for one behind another. Each electrode different shapes, sizes and colours and I"Nixie Clock" you will immediately is lit with a neon discharge to display tubes with many different symbols find over 200,000 results. Many of a particular number. Before Nixies, apart from numbers were manufac- these refer to actual Nixie clock de- alphanumerical displays were mainly tured. signs or clocks that enthusiasts have electromechanical indicators or in- From the early 1970s, they were built. Some are quite eye-catching, candescent filament devices which rapidly displaced by 7-segment LED some are downright ugly and some the compact, silent and reliable Nixie and vacuum fluorescent displays, and are truly weird. We feel quite safe in soon outshone. ultimately by liquid crystal displays stating that none looks as good or is as The Nixie was invented by the (LCDs). Funnily enough, today's plasma well-designed as the Nixie Clock we Haydn brothers in the USA in 1952 displays can be regarded as an evolu- are presenting here. who later sold the design to Burroughs tion from Nixies - they are both gas Not only does it function as a classic Business Machines. It appeared in vast discharge displays. 6-digit 12-hour dock, with hours, min- numbers in the late fifties and sixties Nixie tubes have not been manufac- utes and seconds display, it also uses as the display of choice for calcula- tured for many years and are becoming blue LEDs to throw light up through tors and other business machines, rarer and more expensive, so if you the Nixies - a neat juxtaposition of the various kinds of test equipment and want a lasting and useful piece of retro nostalgic warm neon discharge with early computers. They displayed the technology, now is definitely the right the cool blue present. It keeps accurate trading information at the New York time to build a Nixie clock. time with crystal control and the retro Stock Exchange and showed crucial "Nixie" tubes with their moving and data in those epic control rooms dur- Circuit description glowing individual numbers give it the ing the space race. Now let's take a look at the circuit atmosphere of an earlier techno age. The Nixie name came from an — see Fig.1. Big, isn't it? But this is original prototype drawing which was relatively low-tech stuff with not a What is a Nixie? entitled "N I X 1" meaning Numerical microprocessor in sight. A Nixie is, or was, one of the first Indicator eXperimental 1. The name As shown, there are six Nixies, with numeric displays. It has 10 indi- stuck and has been used ever since. their cathodes each driven by a high- vidual electrodes, from 0-9, placed Nixies were made in a vast range of voltage transistor, 44 transistors in all. siliconchip.com.au JULY 2007 25 68k 68k 68k 68k 68k 68k 1W 1W 1W 1W 1W 1W 330k 330k SECONDS HOURS X 10 HOURS 1W M1NUTES X 10 MINUTES 1W SECONDS X 10 ND1 ND2 i ND3 ND4 ND5 ND6 IRF740 D NT1 2N6517/ NT2 2 NE-2 MPSA44/MPSA42 NE-2 " n C B E C C 01,02 01 3-01 8 Q19-Q28 Q29-Q34 035-044 E E 10x 10x 16 27k 16 16 27k 16 6x 16 27k 27k — — Vdd Vdd Vdd Vdd Vdd 3 3 00 00 CO 00 00 00 2 2 2 2 01 01 01 01 01 01 4 4 02 02 02 02 02 02 7 7 7 7 03 03 03 7 03 03 03 10 10 10 10 0 0 04 04 04 IC1 IC2 04 1C3 04 IC4 04 IC5 1 05 401 713 1 1 05 4017B 05 401 7B 05 4017B 05 4017B 1 05 5 5 5 5 5 06 06 06 06 06 06 14 12k 6 6 6 14 6 14 6 07 CPO 07 coP 14 07 CPO 07 CPO 07 CPO 07 CPO -14 9 9 15 9 9 15 9 MR 15 9 08 MR 15 08 MR 08 MR 08 MR 08 08 MR -L5 11 11 13 11 1 13 11 11 09 CM j-2 09 CP1 D- 09 CPi 09 CP1 • 47nF 09 CP1 D- 09 C71 j21, 05-9 Vss 05-9 Vss 05-9 Vss 05.9 Vss 05-9 Vss u 12 22k 1 00nF 12 8 12 8 12 8 912 8 82k +12-16V +12-16V Dl 1 N4007 4700 8200 BR1 K +5.4V +5.4V Si 4/t4A WA LED CON 1 PWR BC327, BC337 0:1 P 10-12V 1F FAST SLOV( K 52 S3 ?) S4 8200 AC/DC • ZD1 SUPERCAP B -,"1111 16 1 Hz 47µF L1 POWER "1—• 1000µF 6.2V WA 25V 200µ1-1 Vdd 25V 1W Q46 1A 013 3 2Hz A 1000 BC337 2 7 Q48 012 6 114 8 IRF740 GND TP 7 6 8 B 9 1 8Hz 8200A S Vdd 9S 13 0— -- Ctc 011 M1 D Q 1 pD Ips Vcc DRC LEDS 1 E G 15 SC 09 1C8a 1C8b Q E S 13 2 12 Q47 D2 K Rtc IC7 08 CLK — CLK K 14 Q 1C9 SE BC327 UF4004 40608 07 R R Vss 1000µF +I C 6 110 MC34063 390k 06 A A 25V +200 -220Nd A COMP 2.2ki 10M 4 05 10k LED1 1800 LED4 LED5 X1 5 32.768kHz 04 K K K 7 A GND 01 Rs 03 8200 2.2k 4 250V1. LED2 LED3 31800 nF Vss MR LED6 - T 1 00pF 1 0-40pF K +200-220V ZD1 Dl, D2 D3 Dl : 1 N4007 D2: UF4004 D3: 1N4148/1 N914 Q1- 045: 2N6517/MPSA44/MPSA42 sc NIXIE CLOCK NX-14 A K A K Fig.1: the circuit uses six Nixie tubes, each driven by a 4017 decade counter via high-voltage transistors. Switchmode NOTE: THE SWITCHMODE INVERTER CIRCUIT (IC9, 046-048, Ll & D2) PRODUCES A VOLTAGE OF 200-220V DC controller 1C9 and its associated parts provide the high-voltage (200-220V) DC supply for the Nixie anodes. 26 SILICON CHIP siliconchip.com.au siliconchip.com.au JULY 2007 27 lede ftuiså;gTo 2 double-sided PC boards, code NX14L & NX14U Nixies work on the same principle as 6 1N14 Nixie tubes the simple neon indicator. A neon indicator 2 NE-2 neon indicators consists of a small glass tube filled with 1 32.768kHz watch crystal inert neon gas and containing two metal 1 200111H 3A inductor (L1) electrodes. When a sufficiently high 1 miniature toggle switch (S1) voltage is applied between the electrodes, 3 momentary pushbutton the gas around the negative electrode switches (S2-S4) (the cathode) ionises and envelops the 1 2.1mm DC connector (CON1) electrode with an orange glow. The voltage required for ionisation of Semiconductors the gas is dependent on the electrode 6 4017 decade counter/dividers spacing and the temperature. Typically (IC1-1C6) it is more than 80V for small neon bulbs 1 4060 oscillator/divider (IC7) and more than 150V for average size 1 4013 dual D flipflop (IC8) Nixie tubes. In practice, higher voltages 1 34063 switchmode controller are used, with a series resistor to limit the (IC9) discharge current to a safe value. 45 2N6517 high-voltage NPN Two small neons are used in this clock transistors (Q1-Q45) design, between the hours and minutes current-limiting resistor and the particular 1 BC337 NPN transistor (Q46) and between the minutes and seconds cathode is pulled down to OV when it is to 1 BC327 PNP transistor (047) tubes. be lit. By the way, "HT" is old-timer talk 1 IRF740 N-channel Mosfet (Q48) A Nixie tube has a see-through metal for "high tension" or high voltage. 1 1N4007 rectifier diode (D1) mesh anode at the front and 10 different 1 UF4004 fast recovery diode (D2) shaped cathodes (0-9) behind the anode, F o flmfbffi] DSD 1 1N914, 1N4148 diode (D3) each being terminated to a different wire There's another throwback to the 1 6.2V 1W zener diode (ZD1) lead or pin on the tube. The number- sixties with this clock. It uses Russian 1 W02/4 bridge rectifier (BR1) shaped cathodes are not necessarily 1N14 Nixies. The Russians kept making 6 blue LEDs (LED1-LED6) placed in direct order behind the anode but these long after western countries had Capacitors are placed to give minimum obstruction of ceased manufacture, as they were shut 1 1F Supercap each digit by the ones in front of it. out from a lot of new technology from the 2 1000pf 25V PC electrolytic The anode is connected to +HT via a west during the Cold War. 1 471.1F 25V PC electrolytic 1 4.7µF 450V PC electrolytic 1 100nF MKT polyester 1 47nF MKT polyester corner of the circuit, with the power supply components to avoid their load 1 1nF MKT polyester supply section.
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