DOCSLIB.ORG

Evaluating Pedestrians' Safety on Urban Intersections

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evaluating Pedestrians' Safety on Urban Intersections sustainability Article Evaluating Pedestrians’ Safety on Urban Intersections: A Visibility Analysis Keila González-Gómez * and María Castro Departamento de Ingeniería del Transporte, Territorio y Urbanismo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-910-674-215 Received: 17 October 2019; Accepted: 21 November 2019; Published: 23 November 2019 Abstract: Overall visibility plays a key role in the safety of pedestrians. Despite its importance, verifying the right provisioning of sufficient available sight distances among pedestrians and vulnerable road users (VRUs) is not a prevalent practice. On top of that, the pursuit for more sustainable modes of transportation has promoted the establishment of different shared mobility services which are prone to increase walking and, thus, the number of pedestrians and other VRUs in urban settings. With the intention of verifying how car-centered designs perform for non-motorized users, a 3D procedure that evaluates the visibility of pedestrians and other users is presented and applied to specific cases in Madrid, Spain. The proposed solution employs virtual trajectories of pedestrians with mobility impairments and without them, cyclists, and personal transportation device riders. Their visibility was assessed around the functional area of urban intersections, including zones where possible jaywalking practices might occur. The evaluation was performed three-dimensionally, making use of LiDAR data, GIS tools, and 3D objects. Results show the impact of street furniture location on visibility, the distinctive influence of vegetation on the lines of sight of each observer, and how design parameters that were intended to improve motorized traffic could affect VRU. Keywords: vulnerable road users; urban intersections; sight distance; road safety; LiDAR models 1. Introduction Walking, cycling, and riding are fundamental to the expansion of sustainable transportation, either used alone or in combination with other types of motorized transport (public transit, private ownership, carsharing, ridesourcing, etc.) [1]. In that sense, the widely adopted tendency of increasing public transit provision and the proliferation of shared mobility services are likely to augment the need for walking and, thus, the number of pedestrians and other vulnerable road users (VRU) in the urban scene [2]. Different bikesharing, motosharing, and shareable electric scooter services have flooded many cities around the world, attracting new users, whether for fun or convenience, with different levels of riding or biking expertise. This trend has altered regular commuting and recreation routes, as well as created new ones [3]. These new users have to coexist with motorized traffic, and they all possess different decision and reaction times, capabilities, speeds, etc. To create safer environments for these dissimilar users, many road authorities have applied different road safety policies, such as speed reductions, traffic calming interventions, among others [4]. Data from Spain’s General Directorate of Traffic show that from 2008 to 2017 accidents with victims increased 3% in urban roads, while rural areas saw a decrease of 2%. Most accidents with victims occurred in urban settings, specifically in streets, with pedestrians constituting 51% of road deaths [5]. Globally, VRUs constitute more than half of the fatalities that occur in all road traffic accidents [6]. For many decades there have been several efforts, from different approaches and fields of knowledge, that aim at decreasing road traffic deaths [7]. From this wide array of studies, some intend to establish Sustainability 2019, 11, 6630; doi:10.3390/su11236630 www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability Sustainability 2019, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 16 accidents [6]. For many decades there have been several efforts, from different approaches and fields Sustainabilityof knowledge,2019, 11that, 6630 aim at decreasing road traffic deaths [7]. From this wide array of studies, 2some of 16 intend to establish the relationship between road alignment and profile elements with the occurrence and severity of road accidents [8,9]. Traditionally, the main factors contributing to traffic accidents theare relationshiptackled according between to road the respective alignment andelements profile of elements the road with system the occurrencethey fall into and (vehicle, severity user, of road or accidentsinfrastructure). [8,9]. Traditionally, Some research the focuses main factors on the contributing psychological to aspects traffic accidents behind th aree behavior tackled according of the main to theroad respective users. This elements is due to of the fact road that system human-rela they fallted into factors (vehicle, are user, the ones or infrastructure). involved in a higher Some research number focusesof road onconflicts the psychological and accidents aspects [5]. Efforts behind that the behaviorfocus on ofimproving the main roadthe planning users. This and is design due to theof safer fact thatroad human-related infrastructures factors have undergone are the ones paradigm involved inshifts. a higher Some number of the latest of road approaches conflicts and are accidentsan advocacy [5]. Eforfforts roads that that focus are on forgiving improving of theinevitable planning human and design errors of and safer road road infrastructures infrastructures and have surrounding undergone paradigmelements shifts.that meet Some the of theneeds latest of approachesall road users, are anfrom advocacy the most for roadsvulnerable that are to forgiving the least of vulnerable, inevitable humanamong errorsother principles and road infrastructures [6,10,11]. and surrounding elements that meet the needs of all road users, fromThe the mostcomplexity vulnerable of urban to the agglomerations least vulnerable, resides among in othertheir multiple principles destinations [6,10,11]. and their need to deliverThe accessibility complexity ofto urbana wide agglomerations range of dissimilar resides users. in their Urban multiple intersections destinations add to and this their complexity need to deliverwith their accessibility variety of to movements, a wide range including of dissimilar conflictive users. ones Urban [12]. intersections In this regard, add by to thisproviding complexity these withroad their sections variety with of sufficient movements, intersection including sight conflictive distances ones (ISD), [12]. Indesigners this regard, intend by providingto provide these motorists road sectionswith the with capability sufficient of efficiently intersection recognizing sight distances potentially (ISD), conflicting designers intend vehicles, to providephysical motorists elements, with and theVRUs capability outside ofthe effi roadwayciently recognizingor about to enter potentially it. Alon conflictingg with the vehicles,ISD, adequate physical stopping elements, sight and distances VRUs outside(SSD) on the all roadway road orsections about toare enter essential it. Along to withensure the ISD,the adequatesafe spotting stopping of potential sight distances obstacles (SSD )and on allcomfortable road sections vehicle are essential stopping. to ensureThe ma thein safeprinciple spotting ofof intersection potential obstacles design andis to comfortable facilitate the vehicle safe stopping.movements The of main all its principle users. However, of intersection due to design the fa isct to that facilitate vehicles the are safe capable movements of achieving of all its higher users. However,speeds, thus due requiring to the fact greater that vehicles distances are to capable complete of achievinga full stop, higher it is common speeds, to thus use requiringtheir dimensions greater distancesand specifications, to complete in a fullcombination stop, it is common with distinct to use theirhuman dimensions factors and specifications,road features, in to combination obtain the withrequired distinct sight human distances factors that impact and road most features, alignmen tot obtain and profile the required elements sight of new distances designs. that This impact means mostthat, alignmentregularly, the and arrangement profile elements of geometric of new designs. design Thisfeatures means is highly that, regularly, determined the arrangementby car-centered of geometricobtained sight design distances. features isPlus, highly desp determinedite the fact by that car-centered overall visibility obtained is sightprovided distances. during Plus, the despite design thestage, fact urban that overall road environs visibility tend is provided to suffer during changes, the due design to abutting stage, urban property, road environschanges in tend road to assets, suffer changes,vegetation, due and to abutting from the property, ongoing changes increase in (in road dimensions) assets, vegetation, of street and utilities from theas a ongoing consequence increase of (intechnological dimensions) developments of street utilities (digitalization as a consequence of information of technological panels, developments location-based (digitalization information of informationelements, etc.). panels, In addition location-based to this, the information urban road elements, scene also etc.). contains In addition a growing to this, number the urban of electric road sceneand hybrid also contains vehicles a growingwhose engines number tend of electric to be quie andter hybrid and not vehicles as audible whose as engines their combustion tend to be quieterengine andcounterparts,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • "Judicial Corruption"
    16/06/2017 Gmail - "JUDICIAL CORRUPTION" William Finnerty <[email protected]> "JUDICIAL CORRUPTION" William Finnerty <[email protected]> Fri, Jun 16, 2017 at 3:10 PM To: "First Minister of Northern Ireland Arlene Foster LL.B. MLA" <[email protected]>, [email protected], "Northern Ireland Justice Department, Case Ref: COR/1248/2016" <private.office@justice- ni.x.gsi.gov.uk>, Northern Ireland Justice Minister Claire Sugden MLA <[email protected]>, Northern Ireland Minister For Finance Máirtín Ó Muilleoir MLA <[email protected]>, Northern Ireland Minister for Health Michelle O'Neill MLA <[email protected]>, [email protected], "Lawyer Paul J. O'Kane LL.B." <[email protected]>, "Lawyer Aoife McShane LL.B." <[email protected]>, Lawyer Rory McShane <[email protected]>, Lawyer Mary Doherty <[email protected]>, "Lawyer Ronan McGuigan, LL.B. Solicitor Advocate" <[email protected]>, "Lawyer Jacqueline Malone LL.B. Solicitor Advocate" <[email protected]>, "Lawyer Louise Moley LL.B." <[email protected]>, "Lawyer Ann Marie Featherstone LL.B. LL.M." <[email protected]>, Sheila McGuigan <[email protected]>, McGuigan Malone Solicitors <[email protected]>, "Lawyer Ronan Haughey of ML White Solicitors Ltd, Newry, Northern Ireland" <[email protected]>, "John Mackell, Director of Client (Solicitor)
    [Show full text]
  • Pedestrian Safety on Rural Highways
    FHWA-SA-04-008 September 2004 Technical Report Pedestrian Safety on Rural Highways Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. FHWA-SA-04-008 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date (Update) Pedestrian Safety on Rural Highways September 2004 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Written By 8. Performing Organization Report No. J. W. Hall, J. D. Brogan, and M. Kondreddi 9. Performing Organization Name and Address (Update Report) 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Department of Civil Engineering, MSC01 1070 University of New Mexico 11. Contract or Grant No. Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001. 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Federal Highway Administration Office of Safety 400 Seventh Street SW Washington, DC 20590 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes AOTR: D. Smith (HSA-30); T. Redmon (HSA-20); 16. Abstract Although pedestrian fatalities have decreased by 16 percent over the past decade, the United States experienced nearly 4,749 pedestrian fatalities in 2003. The conventional wisdom has been that this is primarily an urban problem, where pedestrians are subject to numerous conflicts with vehicular traffic. The fact that 28 percent of pedestrian fatalities occur in rural areas has largely been ignored, despite the fact that pedestrian impacts in rural areas, while relatively rare, are much more likely to result in fatalities or serious injuries. The research described in this paper sought to identify the characteristics of rural pedestrian fatalities in ten states with above-average rates of rural pedestrian fatalities. The most prominent characteristics of rural pedestrian fatalities in these states were clear weather, hours of darkness, weekends, non- intersection locations, and level, straight roads.
    [Show full text]
  • Highway Safety Act of 1973
    * * PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE SAFETY STUDY Highway Safety Act of 1973 * (Section 214) Of T t ^. STATES Of a^ * MARCH 1975 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY * ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20590 * PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE SAFETY STUDY Highway Safety Act of 1973 (Section 214) MARCH 1975 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20590 CONTENTS Page SECTION I: SYNOPSIS A. Introduction .............................................. 1 B. Executive Summary ......................................... 2 C. Background .............................................. 4 D. Study Methodology ......................................... 7 E. Congressional Recommendations ................................ 12 SECTION II: PEDESTRIAN SAFETY Introduction .............................................. 13 A. Review and Evaluation of State and Local Ordinances, Regulations, and Laws Pertaining to Pedestrian Safety .................................. 14 B. Review and Evaluation of Enforcement Policies, Procedures, Methods, Practices and Capabilities for Enforcing Pedestrian Rules ................ 35 C. Relationship Between Alcohol and Pedestrian Safety ................... 36 D. Evaluation of Ways and Means of Improving Pedestrian Safety Programs ...... 43 E. Analysis of Present Funding Allocation of Pedestrian Safety Programs and an Assessment of the Capabilities of Federal, State and Local Governments to Fund Such Activities and Programs .................... 45 F. Findings ................................................59
    [Show full text]
  • Student Economic Review 2015
    STUDENT ECONOMIC REVIEW 2015 UNIVERSITY OF DUBLIN TRINITY COLLEGE PRESIDENT Professor John o’h agan DePartment of economics , t rinity college Dublin PATRONS Professor PhiliP lane heaD of DePartment of economics , t rinity college Dublin Drtara mitchell DePartment of economics , t rinity college Dublin Dr ronan lyons DePartment of economics , t rinity college Dublin Dr michael Wycherley DePartment of economics , t rinity college Dublin i THE STUDENT ECONOMIC REVIEW VOL . XXIX Published by the student economic review, c/o Department of economics, trinity college, Dublin 2 republic of ireland. all rights reserved. copyright © contributors to the student economic review 2015 all views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the editors or sponsors. this journal claims no special rights or privileges. all correspondence or complaints should be addressed to: the editor, student economic review, c/o Department of economics, trinity college, Dublin 2, republic of ireland. Printed by brunswick Press ltd. the ser logo was created by Paul Kenny in 2003. Photography by andrew murphy, aisling crabbe and gearóid gibbs cover by séamus o’beirne the student economic review is also available online at http://www.tcd.ie/economics/ser ii SPONSORS THE STUDENT ECONOMIC REVIEW WOULD LIKE TO SINCERELY THANK ALL OF OUR SPONSORS FOR THEIR CONTINUED SUPPORT MAIN SPONSORS mr harry hartforD mrVinay nair SPONSORS mr alan gray borD na móna ms aoife cunningham iii THE STUDENT ECONOMIC REVIEW VOL . XXIX THE STUDENT ECONOMIC
    [Show full text]
  • A NOVEL APPROACH for DIAGNOSING ROAD SAFETY ISSUES USING AUTOMATED COMPUTER VISION TECHNIQUES Tarek Sayed, Ph.D., P.Eng
    16th Road Safety on Four Continents Conference Beijing, China 15-17 May 2013 A NOVEL APPROACH FOR DIAGNOSING ROAD SAFETY ISSUES USING AUTOMATED COMPUTER VISION TECHNIQUES Tarek Sayed, Ph.D., P.Eng. Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia 6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4 E-mail: [email protected] Mohamed H. Zaki, Ph.D. Post-Doctoral Fellow, Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia 6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4 E-mail: [email protected] Jarvis Autey, MSc. Research Assistant, Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4 E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The use of traffic conflicts for safety diagnosis has been gaining acceptance as a surrogate for collision data analysis. The traffic conflicts approach provided better understanding of collision contributing factors and the failure mechanism that leads to road collisions. This paper demonstrates an automated proactive safety diagnosis approach for vehicles, pedestrian and cyclists using video-based computer vision techniques. Traffic conflicts are automatically detected and several conflict indicators such as Time to collision (TTC) are calculated based on the analysis of the road-user positions in space and time. Additionally, spatial violations are detected based on the non-conformance of road users to travel regulations. Several case studies are described. The first case study deals of the safety analysis of a newly installed bike lane at the southern approach of a heavy volume Bridge in Vancouver, British Columbia. The results showed a high exposure of cyclists to traffic conflicts.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Policies for Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety and Mobility
    International Technology Scanning Program September 2010 REVIEW Public Policies for Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety and Mobility An Implementation Project of the Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety and Mobility International Scan SPONSORED BY: IN COOPERATION WITH: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials National Cooperative Highway Research Program Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................... 1 Introduction ..........................................................................1 Findings .............................................................................1 Conclusions ..........................................................................2 Introduction .............................................................................. 3 Purpose of Report .....................................................................3 Scope of Report .......................................................................3 Organization ..........................................................................3 Findings .................................................................................. 4 Methodology .........................................................................4 Listing and Brief Description of Policies .....................................................4 Conclusions .............................................................................. 7 Appendix A | Complete Streets Policies ...................................................
    [Show full text]
  • RAPID CITY Pedestrian Tips
    South Dakota Codified Law 2-28-9.1 Pedestrian control signals--Violation by driver as misdemeanor--Violation by pedestrian as petty 32-27-2 Yielding right-of-way to pedestrians offense. Whenever special pedestrian control signals at controlled intersections--Circumstances under exhibiting the words, walk or don’t walk, or exhibiting which pedestrians must yield--Violation as petty a lighted international pedestrian walk or don’t walk RAPID CITY offense. At intersections where traffic is controlled symbol are in place the signals indicate the following: Police Department by traffic control signals or police officers, drivers of vehicles, including those making turns, shall (1) Walk or a lighted international pedestrian walk yield the right-of-way to pedestrians crossing symbol--Pedestrians facing the signal may proceed or those who have started to cross the roadway across the roadway in the direction of the signal and on a green or go signal, and in all other cases shall be given the right-of-way by the drivers of all Pedestrian Safety pedestrians shall yield the right-of-way to vehicles vehicles; lawfully proceeding directly ahead on a green or go signal. A violation of this section by a driver (2) Don’t walk or a lighted international pedestrian is a petty offense. A violation of this section by a don’t walk symbol--No pedestrian may start to cross pedestrian is a petty offense. the roadway in the direction of the signal, but any pedestrian who has partially completed crossing on the 32-27-3 Local ordinances regulating crossing at walk signal shall proceed to a sidewalk or safety island controlled intersections.
    [Show full text]
  • Illegal Pedestrian Crossing at a Traffic Light: a Study on Tourist Behaviour
    Pratelli et al., Int. J. Transp. Dev. Integr., Vol. 1, No. 4 (2017) 633–639 ILLEGAL PEDESTRIAN CROSSING AT A TRAFFIC LIGHT: A STUDY ON toURIST BEHAVIOUR A. PRATELLI, M. LUPI & D. RAZZUOLI DICI – Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy. ABSTRACT Illegal pedestrian crossing situations at signalized intersections are observed worldwide. The main goal of this study was to observe attributes and determine the proportion and type of pedestrian violations and dangerous crossing situations at a traffic light located in a recreational tourist urban environment, i.e. the beach town of Viareggio on the coast of Tuscany, Italy. A large signalized intersection placed close to the beach was observed for some days in Summer 2015, for several hours, both in the morning and in the afternoon, to collect data. The main aim was to identify the illegal pedestrian crossing behaviour with red traffic light. Pedestrian crossing data were recorded with a video camera. Then, the video data were processed us- ing a semi-automated software self-written in MATLAB to extract information on different pedestrian factors. Some factors, identified in the current literature as having an influence on the proportion of viola- tions, such as age, sex and group size, were analysed. Furthermore, the impact of the amber length time on the proportion of dangerous performed crossings was studied. The obtained results highlight that pedestrians in a recreational tourist environment are generally more in compliance with traffic light than those in a weekday urban context. It is also important to pay particular attention to pedestrian yellow time (amber steady man) in order to avoid dangerous legal crossings.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Reports Letters to the Editor
    Injury Prevention 1998;4:161–163 161 otherwise, from others, especially from parts The green papers are especially noteworthy Inj Prev: first published as 10.1136/ip.4.2.162 on 1 June 1998. Downloaded from of the world where we do not have Editorial in that the New Labour administration REGIONAL Board members. Please send your contribu- explicitly recognises the strong association tions to the editor, Barry Pless. between poverty and poor health and the REPORTS need to tackle the former (as well as lifestyle and behaviour) in the context of a compre- Pedestrian and bicyclist safety in New hensive health promotion strategy. York City For England, 12 year targets will be set to Southern Africa (and beyond) report reduce mortality and morbidity in four prior- Pedestrian and bicyclist safety in New York ity areas: heart disease and stroke, accidents, I am constantly aware that most of my reports City (NYC) has been in the news lately. Mayor cancer, and mental health (suicide). Targets selfishly concentrate on happenings in South- Rudolph Giuliani has raised the ire of NYC do not feature prominently (although they are ern Africa. Occasionally, I am able to glean residents by increasing the fine for jaywalking not ruled out) in the Scottish paper which, in the odd item on what is happening further from $2 to $50, plus making a court appear- addition to the above four areas, flags up a north from news reports, what little there is ance mandatory for paying fines for this number of others, particularly teenage preg- on the internet, or from that outstanding oVence.
    [Show full text]
  • Unusual Punishments” in Anglo- American Law: the Ed Ath Penalty As Arbitrary, Discriminatory, and Cruel and Unusual John D
    Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy Volume 13 | Issue 4 Article 2 Spring 2018 The onceptC of “Unusual Punishments” in Anglo- American Law: The eD ath Penalty as Arbitrary, Discriminatory, and Cruel and Unusual John D. Bessler Recommended Citation John D. Bessler, The Concept of “Unusual Punishments” in Anglo-American Law: The Death Penalty as Arbitrary, Discriminatory, and Cruel and Unusual, 13 Nw. J. L. & Soc. Pol'y. 307 (2018). https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njlsp/vol13/iss4/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern Pritzker School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy by an authorized editor of Northwestern Pritzker School of Law Scholarly Commons. Copyright 2018 by Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law `Vol. 13, Issue 4 (2018) Northwestern Journal of Law and Social Policy The Concept of “Unusual Punishments” in Anglo-American Law: The Death Penalty as Arbitrary, Discriminatory, and Cruel and Unusual John D. Bessler* ABSTRACT The Eighth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, like the English Bill of Rights before it, safeguards against the infliction of “cruel and unusual punishments.” To better understand the meaning of that provision, this Article explores the concept of “unusual punishments” and its opposite, “usual punishments.” In particular, this Article traces the use of the “usual” and “unusual” punishments terminology in Anglo-American sources to shed new light on the Eighth Amendment’s Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause. The Article surveys historical references to “usual” and “unusual” punishments in early English and American texts, then analyzes the development of American constitutional law as it relates to the dividing line between “usual” and “unusual” punishments.
    [Show full text]
  • Pedestrian Accommodations at Intersections
    FHWA COURSE ON BICYCLE AND PEDESTRIAN TRANSPORTATION L E S S O N 1 5 Pedestrian Accommodations at Intersections 15.1 Purpose Walkways provide mobility along a linear path. But dash,” where a pedestrian enters the street at an eventually, people need to cross roads and streets at intersection and is seen too late by a driver of a intersections. These intersections, where the paths motor vehicle is the third most prevalent pedestrian of people and vehicles come together, can be the accident type, accounting for 7.2 percent of all most challenging part of negotiating a pedestrian pedestrian crashes. network. If pedestrians cannot cross the street safely, then mobility is severely limited, access is The solution is to design and build intersections denied, and walking as a mode of travel is discour- that: aged. • Encourage pedestrian use in lieu of mid- This lesson provides an overview of several design block crossing locations. features that are critical in order to provide for • Make pedestrians as visible as possible. pedestrian access at intersections. Much research • Make pedestrian actions as predictable has been done on this topic in the past, and several design manuals provide more detail, including the as possible. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control • Slow vehicular traffic. Devices, AASHTO’s Policy on the Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, and ITE’s Design and Safety of Pedestrian Facilities among others. Text for this lesson was taken from the Institute of Transportation Engineers’ 1998 publication, entitled Design and Safety of Pedestrian Facilities–A Recommended Practice. Reprinted with permission. 15.2 Introduction In urban areas, two-thirds of the pedestrian injuries occur at central business district (CBD) intersec- Reduced sight distances can present a serious problem for pedestrians who wish to tions.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Nymtcregion
    New York Metropolitan Transportation Council Pedestrian Safety in the NYMTC Region Prepared by CUNY Institute for Transportation Systems September 2007 NYMTC Pedestrian Safety Study Final Report Prepared by Claire E. McKnight Kyriacos Mouskos Camille Kamga Institute for Transportation Systems City University of New York Region 2, University Transportation Research Center And Chris Hardej Aizaz Ahmed Safety Advisory Work Group Advisors New York Metropolitan Transportation Council Prepared for New York Metropolitan Transportation Council July 2007 Disclaimer The contents of this report reflect the views of those interviewed as interpreted by the authors except where specified. The authors are responsible for the facts, data, and analyses presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the Federal Highway Administration, the Federal Transit Administration, nor the collective membership of the New York Metropolitan Transportation Council (NYMTC). This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. Acceptance of this report as evidence of fulfillment, in part or whole, of the objectives of the planning study PTCS06T00.01 and PTCS05T00.01 does not constitute endorsement or approval of the need for any recommended improvement or additional study. It is being sponsored by the NYMTC for the benefit of its members and all interested stakeholders. Other legislation, regulation, executive order(s), official policy, and/or standard practice may supersede the recommendations or advice provided within. TECHNICAL REPORT STANDARD TITLE PAGE 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Pedestrian Safety in the NYMTC Region July 9, 2007 6. Performing Organization Code 7.
    [Show full text]