LES EV Research
Preparing for a plug-in future LES.com LES Electric Vehicle Study (2019 – 2020)
1 LES customer with a 2 LES and FleetCarma review BEV or PHEV applies applicants; targeting 50 via FleetCarma-hosted that cover a wide range of website. vehicle types.
3 4 Once approved, Participant plugs in FleetCarma ships device and FleetCarma hardware device receives cellular signal to participant. to ensure operations.
5 6 LES downloads anonymized Participant receives: data each month, including: » $25 upon data collection. » Charging session duration, » $25 upon returning device energy use and location. following 2-year study. » Trip duration, energy use, » Easy access to personal and distance. charging/trip data via web.
LES.com Potential Participant Pool At August 2018 Program Launch
350
300
250 In Vehicles In
- 200
150
100
50 Estimated Plug Estimated 0 1159159159159159159159155 9 1 5 9 1 5 9 1 5 9 1 5 9 1 5 9 1 5 9 1 5 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
PHEV Registrations BEV Registrations Estimated Total in Operation
LES.com Customer Enrollment
Marketing included the following: • LES.com, social media, email, etc. • Press release • Radio adds • Breakfast for “EV Champions” • Windshield flyers
LES.com Customer Participation 2019 Participants Vehicle Make/Model Number BMW i3 3
Customer Applications Chevrolet Bolt 7 120 Chevrolet Volt 23
100 Chrysler Pacifica PHEV 3 100 Fiat 500e 1 Ford C-Max Energi 3 80 Ford Fusion Energi 3 60 Target = 50 Mitsubishi i-MiEV 2 Nissan Leaf 19 40 Smart Fortwo ED 2 20 Tesla Model 3 9 Tesla Model S 9 0 Tesla Model X 3 Toyota Prius Prime 5 Volkswagen e-Golf 1 Total 93
LES.com Customer Participation Home address
Source: BatchGeo
LES.com Customer Participation Home address
Source: BatchGeo
LES.com Select Charging Data Points interval_start_date Starting date and time of charging interval. Intervals are broken in to 15-minute clock periods to easily coordinate with typical utility demand interval metering. interval_end_date Ending date and time of charging interval. Intervals are broken in to 15-minute clock periods to easily coordinate with typical utility demand interval metering. charge_energy_kwh The amount of electricity consumed during the 15-minute metering interval, in units of kilowatt-hours. charge_energy_loss_kwh The amount of energy, in units of kilowatt-hours, that enters the vehicle’s charging port but does not make it to the battery. max_charge_power_kw The maximum charging demand recorded during the 15-minute metering interval, in units of kilowatts.
LES.com Select Charging Data Points start_soc_percent The battery state of charge, expressed as a percentage, at the start of the 15-minute metering interval. end_soc_percent The battery state of charge, expressed as a percentage, at the end of the 15-minute metering interval. geofence_name GPS-determined location of charging, including the following designations: • Home Charging occurred at participant’s residence, identified by anonymized numbering code. • Public charging station Charging occurred at one of 13 pre-designated public charging stations, identified by name. • Service area Charging occurred within the LES service territory. • State of Nebraska Charging occurred within the state of Nebraska.
LES.com Select Trip Data Points start_date Starting date and time of trip. end_date Ending date and time of trip. trip_distance_traveled_miles The total distance traveled during the trip, in units of miles. start_soc_percent The battery state of charge, expressed as a percentage, at the start of the trip. end_soc_percent The battery state of charge, expressed as a percentage, at the end of the trip. fuel_consumed_gal The amount of gasoline consumed during the trip, in units of gallons.
LES.com Select Trip Data Points energy_consumed_kwh The amount of electricity consumed during the trip, in units of kilowatt-hours. aux_load_kwh The total amount of energy expended to support auxiliary systems (HVAC, radio, etc.) during trip, in units of kilowatt-hours. Based on the amount of time vehicle was idle, or had a speed of zero, and the average power expended (in units of kilowatts) during those periods. total_electric_distance_traveled_miles The total distance traveled during the trip solely on electricity, in units of miles. initial_odometer_value_miles The odometer reading at the start of the trip, in units of miles. final_odometer_value_miles The odometer reading at the end of the trip, in units of miles.
LES.com Select Trip Data Points ambient_temperature_F The average ambient air temperature during the trip, in units of degrees Fahrenheit. combined_mpg_equiv Equivalent mileage rate, in units of miles per gallon of gas consumed. Calculated by converting energy_consumed_kwh to gallons of gas, based on a conversion of 33.705 kWh/gallon. For a PHEV, this equivalent value is then added to the gallons of gasoline actually consumed during the trip. idle_time_percent The percentage of time during the trip that the vehicle had a speed of zero.
LES.com Customer Charging Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5% Avg. Number of Vehicles Charging Number Vehicles of Avg.
0%
LES.com Customer Charging Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019, Weekdays
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5% Avg. Number of Vehicles Charging Number Vehicles of Avg.
0%
LES.com Customer Charging Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019, Weekends
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5% Avg. Number of Vehicles Charging Number Vehicles of Avg.
0%
LES.com Customer Charging Data Jul 2019, Weekdays “Typical” Summer Peak Hours 30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5% Avg. Number of Vehicles Charging Number Vehicles of Avg.
0%
LES.com Customer Charging Data Jan 2019, Weekdays “Typical” Winter Peak Hours 30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5% Avg. Number of Vehicles Charging Number Vehicles of Avg.
0%
LES.com Customer Charging Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019, BEV
5,000 4,832 4,824
4,000 4,123 1 Approximately Τ4 3,655 3,640 of an average Lincoln home. 3,000 2,887
2,308 2,000
1,632
1,000 1,290 908 859
Avg. Annual Energy Consumption Avg. EnergyVehicle Annual Consumption per(kWh) 0 Tesla Fiat Tesla Mitsubishi Volkswagen Participant Model 3 500e Model X i-MiEV e-Golf Average Tesla Chevy BMW Nissan Smart Model S Bolt i3 Leaf Fortwo
LES.com Customer Charging Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019, PHEV
3,500
3,304 3,000
2,500 1 Approximately Τ6 of an average 2,000 Lincoln home. 1,735 1,737 1,500 1,519
1,221 1,000 1,061
500 Avg. Annual Energy Consumption per Vehicle Vehicle (kWh)perEnergy Consumption Avg. Annual
0 Chrysler Chevy Toyota Ford Ford Participant Pacifica Volt Prius Fusion C-Max Average Hybrid Prime Energi Energi
LES.com Customer Charging Location Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019
3% 2%
95%
LES Service Area Greater Nebraska Outside Nebraska
LES.com Customer Charging Location Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019
1% 7%
3% 2% 92%
Home Public Other LES Service Area
95%
LES Service Area Greater Nebraska Outside Nebraska
LES.com Customer Trip Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019
25 60
20 21.1 20.4 48.3 45 46.8
15
30
10
15 5 Avg. Time Driven / Day Driven Avg. Time (minutes) Avg. Distance Traveled / Day Traveled (miles) Distance Avg.
0 0 PHEV BEV PHEV BEV
LES.com Customer Trip Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019, Weekdays
25 60
21.9 52.3 20 21.0 50.7 45
15
30
10
15 5 Avg. Time Driven / Day Driven Avg. Time (minutes) Avg. Distance Traveled / Day Traveled (miles) Distance Avg.
0 0 PHEV BEV PHEV BEV
LES.com Customer Trip Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019, Weekends
25 60
20 20.6 19.9 45
41.4 15 39.4
30
10
15 5 Avg. Time Driven / Day / Driven Time Avg. (minutes) Avg. Distance Traveled / Day Traveled (miles) Distance Avg.
0 0 PHEV BEV PHEV BEV
LES.com Polling Questions
Q: On average, how much better are the equivalent miles-per gallon for a BEV as compared to a PHEV?
LES.com Customer Trip Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019, BEV
150
138 137 133 125 128 125 122 115 113 100
85 75 75
50 Avg. EquivalentMPG
25
0 Volkswagen Smart BMW Chevy Tesla e-Golf Fortwo i3 Bolt Model X Mitsubishi Nissan Fiat Tesla Participant i-MiEV Leaf 500e Model S Average Note: Tesla Model 3 information not included due to irregularities in early 2019 data.
LES.com Customer Trip Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019, PHEV
150
On average, BEV 125 MPGe are ~ 1.25 126 times that of PHEV.
100 94 93 91 75 76 68 50 Avg. EquivalentMPG
25
0 Toyota Chevy Ford Chrysler Ford Participant Prius Volt Fusion Pacifica C-Max Average Prime Energi Hybrid Energi
LES.com Polling Questions
Q: On average, how much of the plug-in hybrid vehicle’s mileage is powered by electricity?
LES.com Customer Trip Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019, PHEV
70%
60% 64% 59% 58% 55% 50% 51%
40% 42%
30%
20%
Avg. Miles DrivenonElectricity 10%
0% Chevy Chrysler Toyota Ford Ford Participant Volt Pacifica Prius C-Max Fusion Average Hybrid Prime Energi Energi
LES.com Polling Questions
Q: On average, how often do people charge their vehicle?
LES.com Customer Charging Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019, BEV
3 2.9
2.5 2.4 2.2 2 2.1
1.8 1.8 1.7
1.3 1 1.1 1.1 Avg. Number Charging Between Days of Avg. Number 0 Smart Tesla BMW Volkswagen Fiat Fortwo Model X i3 e-Golf 500e Nissan Chevy Tesla Tesla Mitsubishi Participant Leaf Bolt Model S Model 3 i-MiEV Average
LES.com Customer Charging Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019, PHEV
2 1.9
1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4
1.2 1 Avg. Days BetweenAvg. Charging Number of
0 Ford Chevy Ford Chrysler Toyota Participant Fusion Volt C-Max Pacifica Prius Average Energi Energi Hybrid Prime
LES.com Polling Questions
Q: What month do you think sees the highest charging energy consumption, in terms of average daily charging energy consumption per vehicle?
Q: What month do you think sees the lowest charging energy consumption?
Q: What month do you think sees the most vehicle usage, in terms of average daily distance traveled per vehicle?
Q: What month do you think sees the lowest vehicle usage?
LES.com Seasonal Variations 2019, BEV, Weekdays
Avg. Daily Charging Energy Consumption per Vehicle (kWh) 12 11.6 10.8 10.7 10.1 9.7 10.0 10.0 8 8.8 8.7 8.9 9.2 8.9
4
0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg. Daily Distance Traveled per Vehicle (miles) 30 29 30 28 26 25 25 25 24 24 20 22 19 17 10
0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
LES.com Seasonal Variations 2019, BEV, Weekdays
Avg. Vehicle Efficiency (Miles/kWh) 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.4 2.0 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.0
0.0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Mean Temperature (Deg. F) 100
75 78 73 75 75 50 60 54 48 37 25 35 31 24 16 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
LES.com Bonus Polling Question
Q: Per the previous slide, BEV efficiency ranged from a monthly average of 1.7 to 3.0 miles/kWh. What did the 1980 LES BEV on the cover slide average in 1980/1981?
LES.com Bonus Polling Question
TABLE 9 Energy Usage by Principal Site 1.4 miles/kWh 1.3 miles/kWh 1980 1980 1981 1981 Site Vehicle Type Miles Driven KWH/Mile Miles Driven KWH/Mile LILCO EVA Pacer Wagon 6,052 1.22 6,532 1.46 LILCO Jet Ind. 600 Van 15,428 1.23 9,555 1.17 LILCO Jet Ind. 1000 Van 837 1.20 293 1.85 LILCO Jet Ind. 750 Truck 157 1.08 1,469 1.11 LILCO Jet Ind. Electrica 3,105 .71 41,118 1.07 CON ED EVA Pacer Wagon 22,611 1.42 45,842 .91 AT&T, CA GHC BE Van 59,616 2.85 49,660 2.19 AT&T, MI GMC BE Van 28,127 1.96 64,867 1.99 WED Jet Ind. 100P Truck 1,351 2.07 5,760 1.29 APS Jet Ind. 100P Truck 3,616 1.28 1,436 .91 APS Jet Ind. Electrica 10,624 .80 LES JMJ Electric Omni 430 .71 3,817 .76 ITT SCT Van 1,919 1.34 LES EVA Current Fare Sedan 2,459 1.02 SWRI Jet Ind. 1000 Van 2,268 1.22 9,904 1.36 SWRI Jet Ind. 750 Truck 717 1.34 5,304 1.13 SWRI Jet Ind. 1400 Van 264 1.09 5,194 .93 SWRI JMJ Electric Omni 91 .64 2,446 1.16
LES.com 2019 vs. 2020: Participants
Vehicle Make/Model April 20201919 – May 2019 April 2020 – May 2020 BMW i3 3 2 Chevrolet Bolt 3 7 Chevrolet Volt 2211 17 Chrysler Pacifica PHEV 3 3 Fiat 500e 1 1 Ford CC-Max-Max Energi 3 3 Ford Fusion Energi 3 3 Mitsubishi ii-MiEV-MiEV 2 2 Nissan Leaf 1188 15 Smart Fortwo ED 1 1 Tesla Model 3 8 9 Tesla Model S 9 8 Tesla Model X 2 3 Toyota Prius Prime 5 5 Volkswagen ee-Golf-Golf 1 1 Total 8833 80
LES.com 2019 VS. 2020: Customer Charging Data Apr – May
2019 2020 25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0% Avg. Number of Vehicles Number Charging Avg.of Vehicles
2019 2020 25%
20%
15%
10% LES.com
5%
0% Avg. Number of Vehicles Number Charging Avg.of Vehicles 2019 VS. 2020: Customer Charging Location Data Apr – May
2% 2019 7% 2% 1%
96% 92%
Home Public Other
2020 3% 13% 1% 4%
93% 86%
Home Public Other LES Service Area Greater Nebraska Outside Nebraska
LES.com 2019 VS. 2020: Customer Trip Data Apr – May
30 70 29.8 25 60 63.0
23.7 50 54.054.0 20 40 15 30 30.5 10 12.1 28.1 10.3 20
5 10 Avg. Time DrivenDay/ (minutes) Avg. Distance Traveled Day/ (miles) 0 0 PHEV BEV PHEV BEV 2019 2020 2019 2020
LES.com Thank you!
Electric vehicle study data analysis made possible in part through grant funding from:
LES.com