LES EV Research Preparing for a plug-in future LES.com LES Electric Vehicle Study (2019 – 2020) 1 LES customer with a 2 LES and FleetCarma review BEV or PHEV applies applicants; targeting 50 via FleetCarma-hosted that cover a wide range of website. vehicle types. 3 4 Once approved, Participant plugs in FleetCarma ships device and FleetCarma hardware device receives cellular signal to participant. to ensure operations. 5 6 LES downloads anonymized Participant receives: data each month, including: » $25 upon data collection. » Charging session duration, » $25 upon returning device energy use and location. following 2-year study. » Trip duration, energy use, » Easy access to personal and distance. charging/trip data via web. LES.com Potential Participant Pool At August 2018 Program Launch 350 300 250 In Vehicles In - 200 150 100 50 Estimated Plug Estimated 0 159159159159159159159151 5 9 1 5 9 1 5 9 1 5 9 1 5 9 1 5 9 1 5 9 1 5 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 PHEV Registrations BEV Registrations Estimated Total in Operation LES.com Customer Enrollment Marketing included the following: • LES.com, social media, email, etc. • Press release • Radio adds • Breakfast for “EV Champions” • Windshield flyers LES.com Customer Participation 2019 Participants Vehicle Make/Model Number BMW i3 3 Customer Applications Chevrolet Bolt 7 120 Chevrolet Volt 23 100 Chrysler Pacifica PHEV 3 100 Fiat 500e 1 Ford C-Max Energi 3 80 Ford Fusion Energi 3 60 Target = 50 Mitsubishi i-MiEV 2 Nissan Leaf 19 40 Smart Fortwo ED 2 20 Tesla Model 3 9 Tesla Model S 9 0 Tesla Model X 3 Toyota Prius Prime 5 Volkswagen e-Golf 1 Total 93 LES.com Customer Participation Home address Source: BatchGeo LES.com Customer Participation Home address Source: BatchGeo LES.com Select Charging Data Points interval_start_date Starting date and time of charging interval. Intervals are broken in to 15-minute clock periods to easily coordinate with typical utility demand interval metering. interval_end_date Ending date and time of charging interval. Intervals are broken in to 15-minute clock periods to easily coordinate with typical utility demand interval metering. charge_energy_kwh The amount of electricity consumed during the 15-minute metering interval, in units of kilowatt-hours. charge_energy_loss_kwh The amount of energy, in units of kilowatt-hours, that enters the vehicle’s charging port but does not make it to the battery. max_charge_power_kw The maximum charging demand recorded during the 15-minute metering interval, in units of kilowatts. LES.com Select Charging Data Points start_soc_percent The battery state of charge, expressed as a percentage, at the start of the 15-minute metering interval. end_soc_percent The battery state of charge, expressed as a percentage, at the end of the 15-minute metering interval. geofence_name GPS-determined location of charging, including the following designations: • Home Charging occurred at participant’s residence, identified by anonymized numbering code. • Public charging station Charging occurred at one of 13 pre-designated public charging stations, identified by name. • Service area Charging occurred within the LES service territory. • State of Nebraska Charging occurred within the state of Nebraska. LES.com Select Trip Data Points start_date Starting date and time of trip. end_date Ending date and time of trip. trip_distance_traveled_miles The total distance traveled during the trip, in units of miles. start_soc_percent The battery state of charge, expressed as a percentage, at the start of the trip. end_soc_percent The battery state of charge, expressed as a percentage, at the end of the trip. fuel_consumed_gal The amount of gasoline consumed during the trip, in units of gallons. LES.com Select Trip Data Points energy_consumed_kwh The amount of electricity consumed during the trip, in units of kilowatt-hours. aux_load_kwh The total amount of energy expended to support auxiliary systems (HVAC, radio, etc.) during trip, in units of kilowatt-hours. Based on the amount of time vehicle was idle, or had a speed of zero, and the average power expended (in units of kilowatts) during those periods. total_electric_distance_traveled_miles The total distance traveled during the trip solely on electricity, in units of miles. initial_odometer_value_miles The odometer reading at the start of the trip, in units of miles. final_odometer_value_miles The odometer reading at the end of the trip, in units of miles. LES.com Select Trip Data Points ambient_temperature_F The average ambient air temperature during the trip, in units of degrees Fahrenheit. combined_mpg_equiv Equivalent mileage rate, in units of miles per gallon of gas consumed. Calculated by converting energy_consumed_kwh to gallons of gas, based on a conversion of 33.705 kWh/gallon. For a PHEV, this equivalent value is then added to the gallons of gasoline actually consumed during the trip. idle_time_percent The percentage of time during the trip that the vehicle had a speed of zero. LES.com Customer Charging Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% Avg. Number of Vehicles Charging Number Vehicles of Avg. 0% LES.com Customer Charging Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019, Weekdays 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% Avg. Number of Vehicles Charging Number Vehicles of Avg. 0% LES.com Customer Charging Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019, Weekends 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% Avg. Number of Vehicles Charging Number Vehicles of Avg. 0% LES.com Customer Charging Data Jul 2019, Weekdays “Typical” Summer Peak Hours 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% Avg. Number of Vehicles Charging Number Vehicles of Avg. 0% LES.com Customer Charging Data Jan 2019, Weekdays “Typical” Winter Peak Hours 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% Avg. Number of Vehicles Charging Number Vehicles of Avg. 0% LES.com Customer Charging Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019, BEV 5,000 4,832 4,824 4,000 4,123 1 Approximately Τ4 3,655 3,640 of an average Lincoln home. 3,000 2,887 2,308 2,000 1,632 1,000 1,290 908 859 Avg. Annual Energy Consumption Avg. EnergyVehicle Annual Consumption per(kWh) 0 Tesla Fiat Tesla Mitsubishi Volkswagen Participant Model 3 500e Model X i-MiEV e-Golf Average Tesla Chevy BMW Nissan Smart Model S Bolt i3 Leaf Fortwo LES.com Customer Charging Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019, PHEV 3,500 3,304 3,000 2,500 1 Approximately Τ6 of an average 2,000 Lincoln home. 1,735 1,737 1,500 1,519 1,221 1,000 1,061 500 Avg. Annual Energy Consumption per Vehicle Vehicle (kWh)perEnergy Consumption Avg. Annual 0 Chrysler Chevy Toyota Ford Ford Participant Pacifica Volt Prius Fusion C-Max Average Hybrid Prime Energi Energi LES.com Customer Charging Location Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019 3% 2% 95% LES Service Area Greater Nebraska Outside Nebraska LES.com Customer Charging Location Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019 1% 7% 3% 2% 92% Home Public Other LES Service Area 95% LES Service Area Greater Nebraska Outside Nebraska LES.com Customer Trip Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019 25 60 20 21.1 20.4 48.3 45 46.8 15 30 10 15 5 Avg. Time Driven / Day Driven Avg. Time (minutes) Avg. Distance Traveled / Day Traveled (miles) Distance Avg. 0 0 PHEV BEV PHEV BEV LES.com Customer Trip Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019, Weekdays 25 60 21.9 52.3 20 21.0 50.7 45 15 30 10 15 5 Avg. Time Driven / Day Driven Avg. Time (minutes) Avg. Distance Traveled / Day Traveled (miles) Distance Avg. 0 0 PHEV BEV PHEV BEV LES.com Customer Trip Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019, Weekends 25 60 20 20.6 19.9 45 41.4 15 39.4 30 10 15 5 Avg. Time Driven / Day Driven Avg. Time (minutes) Avg. Distance Traveled / Day Traveled (miles) Distance Avg. 0 0 PHEV BEV PHEV BEV LES.com Polling Questions Q: On average, how much better are the equivalent miles-per gallon for a BEV as compared to a PHEV? LES.com Customer Trip Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019, BEV 150 138 137 133 125 128 125 122 115 113 100 85 75 75 50 Avg. EquivalentMPG 25 0 Volkswagen Smart BMW Chevy Tesla e-Golf Fortwo i3 Bolt Model X Mitsubishi Nissan Fiat Tesla Participant i-MiEV Leaf 500e Model S Average Note: Tesla Model 3 information not included due to irregularities in early 2019 data. LES.com Customer Trip Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019, PHEV 150 On average, BEV 125 MPGe are ~ 1.25 126 times that of PHEV. 100 94 93 91 75 76 68 50 Avg. EquivalentMPG 25 0 Toyota Chevy Ford Chrysler Ford Participant Prius Volt Fusion Pacifica C-Max Average Prime Energi Hybrid Energi LES.com Polling Questions Q: On average, how much of the plug-in hybrid vehicle’s mileage is powered by electricity? LES.com Customer Trip Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019, PHEV 70% 60% 64% 59% 58% 55% 50% 51% 40% 42% 30% 20% Avg. Miles DrivenonElectricity 10% 0% Chevy Chrysler Toyota Ford Ford Participant Volt Pacifica Prius C-Max Fusion Average Hybrid Prime Energi Energi LES.com Polling Questions Q: On average, how often do people charge their vehicle? LES.com Customer Charging Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019, BEV 3 2.9 2.5 2.4 2.2 2 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.3 1 1.1 1.1 Avg. Number Charging Between Days of Avg. Number 0 Smart Tesla BMW Volkswagen Fiat Fortwo Model X i3 e-Golf 500e Nissan Chevy Tesla Tesla Mitsubishi Participant Leaf Bolt Model S Model 3 i-MiEV Average LES.com Customer Charging Data Jan 2019 – Dec 2019, PHEV 2 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.2 1 Avg. Days BetweenAvg. Charging Number of 0 Ford Chevy Ford Chrysler Toyota Participant Fusion Volt C-Max Pacifica Prius Average Energi Energi Hybrid Prime LES.com Polling Questions Q: What month do you think sees the highest charging energy consumption, in terms of average daily charging energy consumption per vehicle? Q: What month do you think sees the lowest charging energy consumption? Q: What month do you think sees the most vehicle usage, in terms of average daily distance traveled per vehicle? Q: What month do you think sees the lowest vehicle usage? LES.com Seasonal Variations 2019, BEV, Weekdays Avg.