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Bone Diagram Forehead The common name of (Frontal bone) each bone is listed first, Nose bones with the scientific name (Nasals) given in parenthesis. Cheek bone (Zygoma) Upper jaw (Maxilla) Lower jaw (Mandible) Collar bone (Clavicle) Breast bone (Sternum) Upper arm bone (Humerus) Lower arm bone (Ulna) Lower arm bone (Radius) Thigh bone (Femur) Kneecap (Patella) Shin bone (Tibia) Calf bone (Fibula) Ankle bones (Tarsals) Foot bones (Metatarsals) Toe bones (Phalanges) Skull Side of skull (Cranium) (Parietal bone) Back of skull Did you know? (Occipital bone) When you are a baby you Temple have more than 300 (Temporal bone) bones. By the time you are an adult you only Backbone Neck vertebrae (7) have 206 bones, because (Spine) (Cervical vertebrae) some of your bones join together as you grow! Shoulder blade (Scapula) Chest vertebrae (12) (Thoracic vertebrae) Ribs (12 pairs) Lower back vertebrae (5) (Lumbar vertebrae) Fused vertebrae (5) (Sacrum) Pelvic bones (Ilium) (Pubis) (Ischium) Wrist bones (Carpals) Hand bones (Metacarpals) Finger bones Bones are important! (Phalanges) They hold up your body, and along with your muscles, keep you moving. Without your bones, you’d just be one big blob! To be able to grow, strong bones needs lots of calcium and weight-bearing physical activity. Heel bone (Calcaneus) University of Washington PKU Clinic CHDD - Box 357920, Seattle, WA 98195 (206) 685-3015, Toll Free in Washington State 877-685-3015 http://depts.washington.edu/pku .

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Skeletal Foot Structure
Foot Skeletal Structure The disarticulated bones of the left foot, from above (The talus and calcaneus remain articulated) 1 Calcaneus 2 Talus 3 Navicular 4 Medial cuneiform 5 Intermediate cuneiform 6 Lateral cuneiform 7 Cuboid 8 First metatarsal 9 Second metatarsal 10 Third metatarsal 11 Fourth metatarsal 12 Fifth metatarsal 13 Proximal phalanx of great toe 14 Distal phalanx of great toe 15 Proximal phalanx of second toe 16 Middle phalanx of second toe 17 Distal phalanx of second toe Bones of the tarsus, the back part of the foot Talus Calcaneus Navicular bone Cuboid bone Medial, intermediate and lateral cuneiform bones Bones of the metatarsus, the forepart of the foot First to fifth metatarsal bones (numbered from the medial side) Bones of the toes or digits Phalanges -- a proximal and a distal phalanx for the great toe; proximal, middle and distal phalanges for the second to fifth toes Sesamoid bones Two always present in the tendons of flexor hallucis brevis Origin and meaning of some terms associated with the foot Tibia: Latin for a flute or pipe; the shin bone has a fanciful resemblance to this wind instrument. Fibula: Latin for a pin or skewer; the long thin bone of the leg. Adjective fibular or peroneal, which is from the Greek for pin. Tarsus: Greek for a wicker frame; the basic framework for the back of the foot. Metatarsus: Greek for beyond the tarsus; the forepart of the foot. Talus (astragalus): Latin (Greek) for one of a set of dice; viewed from above the main part of the talus has a rather square appearance.
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Rethinking the Evolution of the Human Foot: Insights from Experimental Research Nicholas B
© 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2018) 221, jeb174425. doi:10.1242/jeb.174425 REVIEW Rethinking the evolution of the human foot: insights from experimental research Nicholas B. Holowka* and Daniel E. Lieberman* ABSTRACT presumably owing to their lack of arches and mobile midfoot joints Adaptive explanations for modern human foot anatomy have long for enhanced prehensility in arboreal locomotion (see Glossary; fascinated evolutionary biologists because of the dramatic differences Fig. 1B) (DeSilva, 2010; Elftman and Manter, 1935a). Other studies between our feet and those of our closest living relatives, the great have documented how great apes use their long toes, opposable apes. Morphological features, including hallucal opposability, toe halluces and mobile ankles for grasping arboreal supports (DeSilva, length and the longitudinal arch, have traditionally been used to 2009; Holowka et al., 2017a; Morton, 1924). These observations dichotomize human and great ape feet as being adapted for bipedal underlie what has become a consensus model of human foot walking and arboreal locomotion, respectively. However, recent evolution: that selection for bipedal walking came at the expense of biomechanical models of human foot function and experimental arboreal locomotor capabilities, resulting in a dichotomy between investigations of great ape locomotion have undermined this simple human and great ape foot anatomy and function. According to this dichotomy. Here, we review this research, focusing on the way of thinking, anatomical features of the foot characteristic of biomechanics of foot strike, push-off and elastic energy storage in great apes are assumed to represent adaptations for arboreal the foot, and show that humans and great apes share some behavior, and those unique to humans are assumed to be related underappreciated, surprising similarities in foot function, such as to bipedal walking.
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Skeletal System? Skeletal System Chapters 6 & 7 Skeletal System = Bones, Joints, Cartilages, Ligaments
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