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Protected Areas. Protected Against Whom? 3 Protected Areas Protected Against Whom? 2 Oilwatch & WRM General coordination: Elizabeth Bravo & Ricardo Carrere Edited by: Hersilia Fonseca Cover design: Flavio Pazos © Oilwatch & World Rainforest Movement WRM International Secretariat Maldonado 1858, Montevideo, Uruguay ph: +598 2 413 2989, fax: +598 2 410 0985 e-mail: [email protected] web site: http://www.wrm.org.uy WRM European office 1c Fosseway Business Centre, Stratford Road, Moreton-in-Marsh, GL56 9NQ, United Kingdom ph: +44.1608.652.893, fax: +44.1608.652.878 e-mail: [email protected] Oilwatch International Secretariat Alejandro de Valdez N-2433, Quito - Ecuador ph: + 593 22 547516 / 527583 e-mail: [email protected] web site: http://www.oilwatch.org.ec The contents of this publication can be reproduced totally or partially without prior authorization. However, the World Rainforest Movement and Oilwatch should be duly accredited and notified of any reproduction. The book is available in electronic format, in the section “Publications”, at the web page of the World Rainforest Movement. Published in January 2004 ISBN: 9974-7782-4-7 The elaboration of this publication contents was made possible with support from NOVIB (The Netherlands), the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Hivos and NC-IUCN. The views expressed, the information and material presented, and the geographical and geopolitical designations used in this product, exclusively imply the opinion of the authors. Protected Areas. Protected Against Whom? 3 Protected Areas Protected Against Whom? oilwatch wrm 4 Oilwatch & WRM Protected Areas. Protected Against Whom? 5 CONTENTS ABOUT THIS BOOK ................................................................................ FROM YOSEMITE AND YELLOWSTONE TO KUALA LUMPUR World Rainforest Movement ............................................................... Wilderness Parks or Community Conservation? ............................ The Sorry Story of the World's First National Park....................... Protected Areas and Indigenous Peoples........................................ Mining Companies Muscle in on Protected Areas .......................... The Vth World Parks Congress: Parks for People or Parks for Business? ........................................................................ OIL ACTIVITIES IN PROTECTED AREAS Oilwatch .............................................................................................. Oil Exploitation and the Biodiversity Convention ............................ Biodiversity Conservation... For Whom? ....................................... Governmental Hypocrisy in Protected Areas ................................. Protected Areas and the Sale of Environmental Services............... PROBLEMS RELATED TO PROTECTED AREAS AROUND THE WORLD Oilwatch & WRM ............................................................................... LATIN AMERICA .............................................................................. The vision of the Indigenous organization COICA of protected areas .............................................................. Meso-America: Indigenous Peoples’ Declaration regarding protected areas ............................................ The Meso-American Biological Corridor: Conservation or appropriation?....................................................... 6 Oilwatch & WRM Argentina Argentina: The end of the Green Corridor? .................................... Argentina: Provincial government authorizes oil exploration in Llancanelo ........................................................... Bolivia Bolivia: Government starts inspection phase of Cuiaba gas pipeline ......................................................................... Bolivia: Protected areas at the disposal of oil companies ............... Brazil Brazil: NGOs oppose WWF-World Bank's 10% Campaign............ Brazil: Pataxo recover traditional lands ........................................... Brazil: Monte Pascoal National Park belongs to the Pataxo............ Brazil: Say what they say, Monte Pascoal belongs to the Pataxó ... Brazil: The struggle of the Pataxó indigenous peoples in Bahia ...... Ecuador Ecuador: An endangered Protected Area. The Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve and Alberta Energy Oil Company ........................ Ecuador: Oil spill in Papallacta endangers Protected Area ............. Guatemala Guatemala: Maya Biosphere Reserve under threat ......................... Guatemala: Campaign against oil activities in Maya Biosphere Reserve ................................................................ Guatemala: Actions to defend natural reserve against oil exploitation ..................................................................... Guyana Guyana: Conservation International accused of “gross disrespect” to indigenous peoples ....................................... Honduras Honduras: Only the fury of nature? ................................................ Honduras: Action to protect mangrove forests and wetlands against shrimp farming ............................................. Honduras: Rio Platano Reserve questioned .................................... Protected Areas. Protected Against Whom? 7 Nicaragua Nicaragua: Indigenous peoples' rights and the Bosawas Reserve .. Panama Panama: Protected areas vs. indigenous peoples ............................ Peru Peru: Visit to a ‘Potato Park’ .......................................................... Venezuela Venezuela: Forest reserve under threat ........................................... Venezuela: Alert on Imataca Reserve .............................................. Venezuela: Ghost companies in Itamaca Rainforest Reserve.......... Venezuela: Highway blockade against electric transmission line .... Venezuela: The Pemons' struggle.................................................... AFRICA Tribal Peoples Pay High Price for Wilderness Protection .............. Impacts of Protected Areas on Indigenous Peoples....................... Cameroon Cameroon: Baka losing out to Lobéké and Boumba National Parks .................................................................. Cameroon: Baka livelihoods damaged by EU-funded Protected Areas ............................................................ Congo, DR Congo, DR: The case of the Twa of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park ............................................................ Congo, R Congo, Republic: Apes suffer from marriage between loggers and conservationists ............................................ Côte d'Ivoire Côte d'Ivoire: The sacred forest, a community protected area ...... 8 Oilwatch & WRM Gabon Gabon: Polemic agreement on the Lope Reserve ........................... Gabon: Oil activities in Gamba and Rabi Protected Areas .............. Ghana Ghana: Protected areas at the expense of people do not guarantee conservation ........................................................ Kenya Kenya: Local peoples' land rights ignored ...................................... Kenya: International campaign for the Ogiek ................................. Mauritania Mauritania: An Australian consortium in the National Park and Natural Heritage Banc D'Arguin ........................ Senegal Senegal: Government limits mining as a means to protecting forests ....................................................................... South Africa South Africa: Sustainability, Protected Areas, and development .... South Africa: Protected areas for whom? ...................................... Tanzania Tanzania: Preservation results in human rights abuses................... Tanzania: Human rights, social justice and conservation ............... Togo Togo: Community rights and forest conservation .......................... ASIA Bangladesh Bangladesh: “Save Sundarban, Save people through empowered community participation” .............................. Protected Areas. Protected Against Whom? 9 India India: Wildlife conservation and people's rights.............................. India: People versus nature or World Bank and government versus people? ............................................................ India: An outdated approach to national parks and people ............. India: Indigenous peoples victims of “conservation“ at Rajive Gandhi National Park ....................................................... India: Mining and plantations put National Park at risk .................. Indonesia Indonesia: Campaign against illegal logging in national parks .............................................................................. Indonesia: Sulawesi targeted for exploitation ................................. Indonesia: Mounting opposition to mining in protected areas ........................................................................... Indonesia: The Dayak people in the first co-managed Protected Area ........................................................... Malaysia Malaysia: Penan indigenous people and protected areas................. Philippines Philippines: Indigenous peoples’s rights-based approach to conservation ............................................................... Thailand Thailand: Two opposite approaches to forest conservation ........... Thailand: The struggle of forest peoples to remain in the forest ......................................................................... Thailand: The racism behind the modern conservation paradigm.................................................................... Vietnam Vietnam: Highway project would gravely affect protected areas ..............................................................
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