DOCSLIB.ORG

IAC Research Report 2020 Final ALL

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
IAC Research Report 2020 Final ALL A MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTORS Dear Friends of the PRISM Imaging and Analysis Center, The PRISM Imaging and Analysis Center (IAC) offers high-end, state-of-the-art instrumentation and expertise for characterization of hard, soft, and biological materials to stimulate research and education at Princeton University and beyond. The IAC houses and operates a full range of instruments employing visible photons, electrons, ions, X-rays, and scanning probe microscopy for the physical examination and analysis of complex materials. With 25 years of continuous support from Princeton University, as well as the National Science Foundation, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Office of Naval Research, the State of New Jersey, Industrial Companies, etc., the IAC has become the largest central facility at Princeton and a world-leader in advanced materials characterization. A central mission of the IAC is the education, research, and training of students at Princeton University. The IAC supports more than ten regular courses annually. The award-winning course, MSE505-Characterization of Materials is conducted at the IAC for both graduate and undergraduate students. The IAC also offers a full range of training courses, which involve direct experimental demonstrations and hands-on instruction ranging from basic sample preparation, to the operation of high-end electron microscopes. The IAC's short courses have drawn over 3,500 student enrollments. Additionally, over 700 industrial scientists from more than 120 companies and 40 institutions have utilized instruments in the IAC. Our efforts have helped build bridges between Princeton and Industry that have fostered many innovations and new product developments. Recent IAC internal users include over 300 students and researchers from more than 90 research groups. The IAC supports ~230 current research contracts worth a total of ~$440M. In the IAC, undergraduate students are provided with the opportunity to operate various electron microscopes during class and later utilize these instruments in research for their senior thesis. The research experience provided by the IAC has helped students win many national awards including the Fannie and John Hertz Foundation Fellowship, Rhode Scholarship, the Barry M. Goldwater National Scholarship, Fulbright Scholarship, National Science Foundation Fellowship, etc. In this report, we highlight many recent research projects conducted by our internal users, which were enabled by the IAC’s facilities and expertise. These topics cover a wide range of scientific disciplines, reflecting the great diversity in research conducted at Princeton. We hope this report will encourage learning from our students and stimulate research and education in the years to come. Thank you for your continued support and please enjoy learning about the IAC and the exciting research being carried out here at Princeton University. Nan Yao, Director of the Imaging and Analysis Center Craig B. Arnold, Director of PRISM 1 2 PRISM Imaging and Analysis Center (IAC) IAC Background: Started in 1993 with one person, one microscope, and today it has grown to have seven staff and become a world-leading microscopy facility for the physical and life sciences. 3 IAC team members: IAC faculty users from Princeton: Architecture Chemical & Biological Eng. Chemistry Forrest Meggers Bruce E. Koel Andrew Bocarsly Celeste Nelson Bob Cava Civil & Environmental Eng. Lynn Loo Erik Sorensen Catherine Peters Michele Sarazen Greg Scholes Claire White Pierre-Thomas Brun Haw Yang Ian Bourg Rick Register Jeff Schwartz Zhiyong (Jason) Ren Robert Prud'homme Leslie M. Schoop Rodney Priestley Mohammad Seyedsayamdost Computer Science Paul Chirik Sebastian Seung Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Tom Muir Sarah Kocher Library-Rare Books & Special Electrical Engineering Collections Andrew Houck Geosciences Alan Stahl Antoine Kahn Adam Maloof Barry Rand Bess Ward Mechanical and Aerospace Eng. Claire Gmachl Blair Schoene Craig Arnold James Sturm Tullis Onstott Daniel Steingart Jeff Thompson Satish Myneni Edgar Choueiri Nathalie De Leon Thomas Duffy Howard Stone Paul Prucnal Jeremy Kasdin Steve Chou Physics Yiguang Ju Steve Lyon Ali Yazdani Chris Tully Plasma Physics Molecular Biology Frank Calaprice Mojtaba Safabakhsh Alexei Korennykh Jason Petta Yevgeny Raitses Bonnie Bassler Joshua Shaevitz Fred Hughson Phuan Ong PRISM Martin Jonikas Sanfeng Wu Nan Yao Nieng Yan Zahid Hasan Sabine Petry Zemer Gitai 4 IAC outside users from industry and other universities: Secondary electron image showing surface morphology of SmCoS2 material collected using a field-emission environmental scanning electron microscope operated at 20 keV. Field of view: 80 μm. (Image courtesy of Gerald Poirier and Nan Yao) Acknowledgement: The Imaging and Analysis Center acknowledges partial support from the National Science Foundation through the Princeton University Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (PCCM), DMR-2011750. 5 IAC new instrumentation highlights: (1) Titan Themis Double Cs-corrected Scanning/Transmission Electron Microscope (2) Titan Krios G3 Cryo-Transmission Electron Microscope 6 Table of Contents School of Architecture .............................................................................................................................. 14 Teitelbaum, et al. Membrane-assisted radiant cooling for expanding thermal comfort zones globally without air conditioning ............................................................................................................................................ 15 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering ........................................................................... 16 Markwalter, et al. Polymeric Nanocarrier Formulations of Biologics Using Inverse Flash NanoPrecipitation .................. 17 Nerger, et al. Microextrusion Printing Cell-Laden Networks of Type I Collagen with Patterned Fiber Alignment and Geometry ................................................................................................................................................ 18 Sezen-Edmonds, et al. Humidity and Strain Rate Determine the Extent of Phase Shift in the Piezoresistive Response of PEDOT:PSS ............................................................................................................................................ 19 Yang, et al. Nitrogen-plasma treated hafnium oxyhydroxide as an efficient acid-stable electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution and oxidation reactions ........................................................................................................... 20 Buzi, et al. Deuterium and helium ion irradiation of nanograined tungsten and tungsten–titanium alloys .............. 21 Zhao, et al. Extending the Photovoltaic Response of Perovskite Solar Cells into the Near-Infrared with a Narrow- Bandgap Organic Semiconductor ........................................................................................................... 22 Hamill, et al. Influence of Solvent Coordination on Hybrid Organic−Inorganic Perovskite Formation ...................... 23 Hamill, et al. Acid-Catalyzed Reactions Activate DMSO as a Reagent in Perovskite Precursor Inks......................... 24 Hamill, et al. Sulfur-Donor Solvents Strongly Coordinate Pb2+ in Hybrid Organic−Inorganic Perovskite Precursor Solutions ................................................................................................................................................. 25 Khlyabich, et al. Precursor Solution Annealing Forms Cubic-Phase Perovskite and Improves Humidity Resistance of Solar Cells ............................................................................................................................................... 26 Khlyabich, et al. Crystalline Intermediates and Their Transformation Kinetics during the Formation of Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Thin Films .......................................................................... 27 Zhao, et al. A hole-transport material that also passivates perovskite surface defects for solar cells with improved efficiency and stability ............................................................................................................................ 28 Zhao, et al. Accessing Highly Oriented Two-Dimensional Perovskite Films via Solvent-Vapor Annealing for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells .............................................................................................................. 29 7 Department of Chemistry ......................................................................................................................... 30 Ferrenti, et al. Change in Magnetic Properties upon Chemical Exfoliation of FeOCl ................................................... 31 Guerra, et al. Single-Particle Dynamic Light Scattering: Shapes of Individual Nanoparticles .................................... 32 Lei, et al. Charge Density Waves and Magnetism in Topological Semimetal Candidates GdSbxTe2−x−δ ............... 33 Lei, et al. High mobility in a van der Waals layered antiferromagnetic metal ....................................................... 34 Song, et al. Soft Chemical Synthesis of HxCrS2: An Antiferromagnetic Material with Alternating Amorphous and Crystalline Layers ................................................................................................................................... 35 DelPo, et al. Polariton Transitions in Femtosecond Transient Absorption Studies
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Physical Vacuum Is a Special Superfluid Medium
    Physical vacuum is a special superfluid medium Valeriy I. Sbitnev∗ St. Petersburg B. P. Konstantinov Nuclear Physics Institute, NRC Kurchatov Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad district, 188350, Russia; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA (Dated: August 9, 2016) The Navier-Stokes equation contains two terms which have been subjected to slight modification: (a) the viscosity term depends of time (the viscosity in average on time is zero, but its variance is non-zero); (b) the pressure gradient contains an added term describing the quantum entropy gradient multiplied by the pressure. Owing to these modifications, the Navier-Stokes equation can be reduced to the Schr¨odingerequation describing behavior of a particle into the vacuum being as a superfluid medium. Vortex structures arising in this medium show infinitely long life owing to zeroth average viscosity. The non-zero variance describes exchange of the vortex energy with zero-point energy of the vacuum. Radius of the vortex trembles around some average value. This observation sheds the light to the Zitterbewegung phenomenon. The long-lived vortex has a non-zero core where the vortex velocity vanishes. Keywords: Navier-Stokes; Schr¨odinger; zero-point fluctuations; superfluid vacuum; vortex; Bohmian trajectory; interference I. INTRODUCTION registered. Instead, the wave function represents it existence within an experimental scene [13]. A dramatic situation in physical understand- Another interpretation was proposed by Louis ing of the nature emerged in the late of 19th cen- de Broglie [18], which permits to explain such an tury. Observed phenomena on micro scales came experiment. In de Broglie's wave mechanics and into contradiction with the general positions of the double solution theory there are two waves.
    [Show full text]
  • Conformal Field Theory out of Equilibrium: a Review Denis Bernard
    Conformal field theory out of equilibrium: a review Denis Bernard| and Benjamin Doyon♠ | Laboratoire de Physique Th´eoriquede l'Ecole Normale Sup´erieurede Paris, CNRS, ENS & PSL Research University, UMPC & Sorbonne Universit´es,France. ♠ Department of Mathematics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. We provide a pedagogical review of the main ideas and results in non-equilibrium conformal field theory and connected subjects. These concern the understanding of quantum transport and its statistics at and near critical points. Starting with phenomenological considerations, we explain the general framework, illustrated by the example of the Heisenberg quantum chain. We then introduce the main concepts underlying conformal field theory (CFT), the emergence of critical ballistic transport, and the CFT scattering construction of non-equilibrium steady states. Using this we review the theory for energy transport in homogeneous one-dimensional critical systems, including the complete description of its large deviations and the resulting (extended) fluctuation relations. We generalize some of these ideas to one-dimensional critical charge transport and to the presence of defects, as well as beyond one-dimensional criticality. We describe non-equilibrium transport in free-particle models, where connections are made with generalized Gibbs ensembles, and in higher-dimensional and non-integrable quantum field theories, where the use of the powerful hydrodynamic ideas for non-equilibrium steady states is explained. We finish with a list of open questions. The review does not assume any advanced prior knowledge of conformal field theory, large-deviation theory or hydrodynamics. March 24, 2016 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Mesoscopic electronic transport: basics 3 2.1 Elementary phenomenology .
    [Show full text]
  • Stochastic Hydrodynamic Analogy of Quantum Mechanics
    The mass lowest limit of a black hole: the hydrodynamic approach to quantum gravity Piero Chiarelli National Council of Research of Italy, Area of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Moruzzi 1, Italy Interdepartmental Center “E.Piaggio” University of Pisa Phone: +39-050-315-2359 Fax: +39-050-315-2166 Email: [email protected]. Abstract: In this work the quantum gravitational equations are derived by using the quantum hydrodynamic description. The outputs of the work show that the quantum dynamics of the mass distribution inside a black hole can hinder its formation if the mass is smaller than the Planck's one. The quantum-gravitational equations of motion show that the quantum potential generates a repulsive force that opposes itself to the gravitational collapse. The eigenstates in a central symmetric black hole realize themselves when the repulsive force of the quantum potential becomes equal to the gravitational one. The work shows that, in the case of maximum collapse, the mass of the black hole is concentrated inside a sphere whose radius is two times the Compton length of the black hole. The mass minimum is determined requiring that the gravitational radius is bigger than or at least equal to the radius of the state of maximum collapse. PACS: 04.60.-m Keywords: quantum gravity, minimum black hole mass, Planck's mass, quantum Kaluza Klein model 1. Introduction One of the unsolved problems of the theoretical physics is that of unifying the general relativity with the quantum mechanics. The former theory concerns the gravitation dynamics on large cosmological scale in a fully classical ambit, the latter one concerns, mainly, the atomic or sub-atomic quantum phenomena and the fundamental interactions [1-9].
    [Show full text]
  • 9<HTODMJ=Aagbbg>
    News 6/2013 Physics H. Friedrich, TU München, Germany R. Gendler, Rob Gendler Astropics, Avon, CT, USA G. Ghisellini, The Astronomical Observatory of Brera, Scattering Theory (Ed) Merate, Italy Lessons from the Masters Radiative Processes in High This book presents a concise and modern coverage of scattering theory. It is motivated by the fact that Current Concepts in Astronomical Image Energy Astrophysics experimental advances have shifted and broad- Processing This book grew out of the author’s notes from his ened the scope of applications where concepts course on Radiative Processes in High Energy from scattering theory are used, e.g. to the field of There are currently thousands of amateur astrono- Astrophysics. The course provides fundamental ultracold atoms and molecules, which has been mers around the world engaged in astrophotogra- definitions of radiative processes and serves as a experiencing enormous growth in recent years, phy at a sophisticated level. brief introduction to Bremsstrahlung and black largely triggered by the successful realization of Features body emission, relativistic beaming, synchrotron Bose-Einstein condensates of dilute atomic gases 7 Written by a brilliant body of recognized emission and absorption, Compton scattering, in 1995. In the present treatment, special atten- leaders 7 Contains the most current, sophisti- synchrotron self-compton emission, pair creation tion is given to the role played by the long-range cated and useful information on astrophotogra- and emission. The final chapter discusses the ob- behaviour of the projectile-target interaction, phy 7 Covers all types of astronomical image served features of Active Galactic Nuclei and their and a theory is developed, which is well suited processing, including processing of events such interpretation based on the radiative processes to describe near-threshold bound and continuum as eclipses, using DSLRs, and deep sky, planetary, presented in the book.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:2105.05054V2 [Cond-Mat.Stat-Mech] 1 Sep 2021 2
    Exact entanglement growth of a one-dimensional hard-core quantum gas during a free expansion Stefano Scopa1, Alexandre Krajenbrink1, Pasquale Calabrese1;2 and Jer´ omeˆ Dubail3 1 SISSA and INFN, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy 2 International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), I-34151, Trieste, Italy 3 Universite´ de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France Abstract. We consider the non-equilibrium dynamics of the entanglement entropy of a one- dimensional quantum gas of hard-core particles, initially confined in a box potential at zero temperature. At t = 0 the right edge of the box is suddenly released and the system is let free to expand. During this expansion, the initially correlated region propagates with a non-homogeneous profile, leading to the growth of entanglement entropy. This setting is investigated in the hydrodynamic regime, with tools stemming from semi-classical Wigner function approach and with recent developments of quantum fluctuating hydrodynamics. Within this framework, the entanglement entropy can be associated to a correlation function of chiral twist-fields of the conformal field theory that lives along the Fermi contour and it can be exactly determined. Our predictions for the entanglement evolution are found in agreement with and generalize previous results in literature based on numerical calculations and heuristic arguments. arXiv:2105.05054v2 [cond-mat.stat-mech] 1 Sep 2021 2 Contents 1 Introduction3 2 Setup and main result5 2.1 The model: free expansion of a lattice hard-core gas . .5 2.2 Previous results in the literature . .6 2.3 Main result of this paper . .7 3 Classical and quantum fluctuating hydrodynamic description8 3.1 Continuum limit and regularization of the problem .
    [Show full text]
  • Emergent Hydrodynamics in a 1D Bose-Fermi Mixture
    Emergent Hydrodynamics in a 1D Bose-Fermi Mixture PACS numbers: INTRODUCTION OF MY LECTURE scale, all the densities and currents of local observables are the functions of ξ = x=t. Here the evolution can be Nonequilibrium dynamics of one dimensional (1D) intuitively understood by the transport of the quasipar- integrable systems is very insightful in understanding ticles in integrable systems. Within the light core the transport of many-body systems. Significantly differ- quasiparticles can arrive and leave that totally depends ent behaviours are observed from that of the higher di- on their local velocities. Moreover, the GH method has mensional systems since the existence of many conserved been adapted to study the evolution of 1D systems con- quantities in 1D. For example, 1D integrable systems do fined by the external field [8,9], also see experiment [10]. not thermalize to a usual state of thermodynamic equi- Beyond the Euler type of hydrodynamics, diffusion has librium [1], where after a long time evolution there is a also been studied by the GH [11, 12]. maximal entropy state constrained by all the conserved On the other hand, at low temperatures, universal phe- quantities[2]. When we consider such a process of time nomena emerge in quantum many-body systems. In high evolution, it is extremely hard to solve the Schrodinger dimensions, the low energy physics can be described by equation of the system with large number particles. Landau's Fermi liquids theory. However, for 1D sys- tems, the elementary excitations form collective motions of bosons. Thus the low energy physics of 1D systems is elegantly descried by the theory of Luttinger liquids [13{ 15].
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:1904.12388V2 [Gr-Qc] 5 Oct 2019 [email protected] Orsodn Uhr .Gregori G
    Draft version October 8, 2019 Typeset using LATEX twocolumn style in AASTeX62 Modified Friedmann equations via conformal Bohm – De Broglie gravity G. Gregori,1 B. Reville,2 and B. Larder1 1Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK 2Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Kernphysik, Postfach 10 39 80, 69029 Heidelberg, Germany ABSTRACT We use an alternative interpretation of quantum mechanics, based on the Bohmian trajectory ap- proach, and show that the quantum effects can be included in the classical equation of motion via a conformal transformation on the background metric. We apply this method to the Robertson-Walker metric to derive a modified version of Friedmann’s equations for a Universe consisting of scalar, spin- zero, massive particles. These modified equations include additional terms that result from the non- local nature of matter and appear as an acceleration in the expansion of the Universe. We see that the same effect may also be present in the case of an inhomogeneous expansion. Keywords: cosmology: theory — cosmology: dark matter — cosmology: dark energy 1. INTRODUCTION de Broglie-Bohm trajectories can have a sound phys- The equations governing quantum mechanics have been ical interpretation if full non-locality is accounted for known for nearly 100 years, but yet the task of reconcil- (Mahler et al. 2016). Extensions to quantum fluids ing them with the equations of classical motions remains (Haas 2011; Cross et al. 2014), field theory (D¨urr et al. unsolved (see e.g., Ref. Hiley and Muft (1995)). The 2004; Carroll 2007) and curved space-time (D¨urr et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Bokulich- Forest for the Ψ-Preprint
    Forthcoming in S. French and J. Saatsi (eds.) Scientific Realism and the Quantum. Oxford: Oxford University Press Losing Sight of the Forest for the Ψ: Beyond the Wavefunction Hegemony Alisa Bokulich Philosophy Department Boston University [email protected] Abstract: Traditionally Ψ is used to stand in for both the mathematical wavefunction (the representation) and the quantum state (the thing in the world). This elision has been elevated to a metaphysical thesis by advocates of the view known as wavefunction realism. My aim in this paper is to challenge the hegemony of the wavefunction by calling attention to a little-known formulation of quantum theory that does not make use of the wavefunction in representing the quantum state. This approach, called Lagrangian quantum hydrodynamics (LQH), is not an approximation scheme, but rather a full alternative formulation of quantum theory. I argue that a careful consideration of alternative formalisms is an essential part of any realist project that attempts to read the ontology of a theory off of the mathematical formalism. In particular, I show that LQH undercuts the central presumption of wavefunction realism and falsifies the claim that one must represent the many-body quantum state as living in a 3n-dimensional configuration space. I conclude by briefly sketching three different realist approaches one could take toward LQH, and argue that both models of the quantum state should be admitted. When exploring quantum realism, regaining sight of the proverbial forest of quantum representations beyond the Ψ is just the first step. I. Introduction II. Quantum Realism a. Wavefunction Realism b. A Few Cautionary Tales III.
    [Show full text]
  • III. Superfluid Quantum Gravity Marco Fedi
    Hydrodynamics of the dark superfluid: III. Superfluid Quantum Gravity Marco Fedi To cite this version: Marco Fedi. Hydrodynamics of the dark superfluid: III. Superfluid Quantum Gravity. 2016. hal- 01423134v6 HAL Id: hal-01423134 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01423134v6 Preprint submitted on 19 Jul 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) Hydrodynamics of the dark superfluid: III. Superfluid Quantum Gravity. Marco Fedi Received: date / Accepted: date Abstract Having described in previous articles dark ener- dark matter as a dark superfluid (DS) whose quantum hydro- gy, dark matter and quantum vacuum as different aspects dynamics produces both what we call quantum vacuum (as of a dark superfluid which permeates the universe and hav- hydrodynamic fluctuations in the DS) and the massive parti- ing analyzed the fundamental massive particles as toroidal cles of the Standard Model, as torus-shaped superfluid quan- vortices in this superfluid, we reflect here on the Bernoulli tum vortices, where the ratio of the toroidal angular velocity pressure observed in quantum vortices, to propose it as the to the poloidal one may hydrodynamically describe the spin.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:1901.08132V4 [Cond-Mat.Stat-Mech] 26 Apr 2019
    SciPost Physics Submission Conformal field theory on top of a breathing one-dimensional gas of hard core bosons P. Ruggiero1*, Y. Brun2, J. Dubail2 1 International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) and INFN, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy 2 Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Th´eoriques, CNRS, Universit´ede Lorraine, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France * [email protected] April 29, 2019 Abstract The recent results of [J. Dubail, J.-M. St´ephan,J. Viti, P. Calabrese, Scipost Phys. 2, 002 (2017)], which aim at providing access to large scale correlation functions of inhomogeneous critical one-dimensional quantum systems |e.g. a gas of hard core bosons in a trapping potential| are extended to a dynami- cal situation: a breathing gas in a time-dependent harmonic trap. Hard core bosons in a time-dependent harmonic potential are well known to be exactly solvable, and can thus be used as a benchmark for the approach. An extensive discussion of the approach and of its relation with classical and quantum hydro- dynamics in one dimension is given, and new formulas for correlation functions, not easily obtainable by other methods, are derived. In particular, a remark- able formula for the large scale asymptotics of the bosonic n-particle function y y 0 0 0 0 Ψ (x1; t1) ::: Ψ (xn; tn)Ψ(x1; t1) ::: Ψ(xn; tn) is obtained. Numerical checks of the approach are carried out for the fermionic two-point function |easier to access numerically in the microscopic model than the bosonic one| with perfect agree- ment. Contents 1 Introduction 2 1.1 Context
    [Show full text]
  • Mesoscopic Electrodynamics at Metal Surfaces
    Nanophotonics 2021; 10(10): 2563–2616 Review N. Asger Mortensen* Mesoscopic electrodynamics at metal surfaces — From quantum-corrected hydrodynamics to microscopic surface-response formalism https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0156 understand physical phenomena and observables across Received April 12, 2021; accepted June 4, 2021; the border between the more familiar properties of the published online June 25, 2021 world of classical physics and the new intriguing world governed by quantum physics. This constitutes a long- Abstract: Plasmonic phenomena in metals are commonly lasting curiosity [1], and this review joins this curiosity explored within the framework of classical electrody- with a focus on explorations of light–matter interactions namics and semiclassical models for the interactions of at exactly this interface between the classical electrody- light with free-electron matter. The more detailed under- namics of electromagnetic fields and the quantum physics standing of mesoscopic electrodynamics at metal surfaces of condensed-matter systems. In particular, a mesoscopic is, however, becoming increasingly important for both electrodynamic formalism for plasmonics systems is being fundamental developments in quantum plasmonics and reviewed, including both semiclassical hydrodynamics potential applications in emerging light-based quantum and microscopicsurface-response formalism, all aiming to technologies. The review offers a colloquial introduction correct the classical electrodynamics for quantum effects to recent mesoscopic
    [Show full text]
  • Formation of the 255-Kev Annihilation Line Near the Magnetic Poles of Pulsars V
    JETP Letters, Vol. 79, No. 6, 2004, pp. 241–244. Translated from Pis’ma v Zhurnal Éksperimental’noÏ i TeoreticheskoÏ Fiziki, Vol. 79, No. 6, 2004, pp. 299–302. Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Kontorovich, Flanchik. Formation of the 255-keV Annihilation Line near the Magnetic Poles of Pulsars V. M. Kontorovich1, 2 and A. B. Flanchik2 1 Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkov, 61002 Ukraine 2 Kharkov State University, Kharkov, 61077 Ukraine Received December 22, 2003; in final form, February 17, 2004 The possibility of existance is discussed for pulsars emitting soft γ radiation near their magnetic poles upon the annihilation of ultrarelativistic positrons from the magnetosphere and electrons from the surface of a star. With an increase in the energy of incident positrons, the photon energy of this backward radiation tends to a constant 2 value mec /2 = 255 keV. This radiation is shown to be directed opposite to the positron flux direction. © 2004 MAIK “Nauka/Interperiodica”. PACS numbers: 97.60.Gb; 97.10.Ld; 98.70.Rz 1. A pulsar is a source of electromagnetic radiation and, with allowance for the general-relativity effects, over a wide range from radio waves to hard γ radiation the coefficient A is given by the formula [5, 6] 8 γ up to a photon energy of 10 MeV. As is known, rays 3ΩB ω can be emitted due to both ultrarelativistic electrons A = -------------0 4---- cosαε+ cosφ sinα . (2) 2 cR Ω 0 m and positrons moving in a strong magnetic field and various collision processes between charged particles.
    [Show full text]