Gravity As a Fluid Dynamic Phenomenon in a Superfluid Quantum Space
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Physical Vacuum Is a Special Superfluid Medium
Physical vacuum is a special superfluid medium Valeriy I. Sbitnev∗ St. Petersburg B. P. Konstantinov Nuclear Physics Institute, NRC Kurchatov Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad district, 188350, Russia; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA (Dated: August 9, 2016) The Navier-Stokes equation contains two terms which have been subjected to slight modification: (a) the viscosity term depends of time (the viscosity in average on time is zero, but its variance is non-zero); (b) the pressure gradient contains an added term describing the quantum entropy gradient multiplied by the pressure. Owing to these modifications, the Navier-Stokes equation can be reduced to the Schr¨odingerequation describing behavior of a particle into the vacuum being as a superfluid medium. Vortex structures arising in this medium show infinitely long life owing to zeroth average viscosity. The non-zero variance describes exchange of the vortex energy with zero-point energy of the vacuum. Radius of the vortex trembles around some average value. This observation sheds the light to the Zitterbewegung phenomenon. The long-lived vortex has a non-zero core where the vortex velocity vanishes. Keywords: Navier-Stokes; Schr¨odinger; zero-point fluctuations; superfluid vacuum; vortex; Bohmian trajectory; interference I. INTRODUCTION registered. Instead, the wave function represents it existence within an experimental scene [13]. A dramatic situation in physical understand- Another interpretation was proposed by Louis ing of the nature emerged in the late of 19th cen- de Broglie [18], which permits to explain such an tury. Observed phenomena on micro scales came experiment. In de Broglie's wave mechanics and into contradiction with the general positions of the double solution theory there are two waves. -
Engineering the Quantum Foam
Engineering the Quantum Foam Reginald T. Cahill School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, Australia [email protected] _____________________________________________________ ABSTRACT In 1990 Alcubierre, within the General Relativity model for space-time, proposed a scenario for ‘warp drive’ faster than light travel, in which objects would achieve such speeds by actually being stationary within a bubble of space which itself was moving through space, the idea being that the speed of the bubble was not itself limited by the speed of light. However that scenario required exotic matter to stabilise the boundary of the bubble. Here that proposal is re-examined within the context of the new modelling of space in which space is a quantum system, viz a quantum foam, with on-going classicalisation. This model has lead to the resolution of a number of longstanding problems, including a dynamical explanation for the so-called `dark matter’ effect. It has also given the first evidence of quantum gravity effects, as experimental data has shown that a new dimensionless constant characterising the self-interaction of space is the fine structure constant. The studies here begin the task of examining to what extent the new spatial self-interaction dynamics can play a role in stabilising the boundary without exotic matter, and whether the boundary stabilisation dynamics can be engineered; this would amount to quantum gravity engineering. 1 Introduction The modelling of space within physics has been an enormously challenging task dating back in the modern era to Galileo, mainly because it has proven very difficult, both conceptually and experimentally, to get a ‘handle’ on the phenomenon of space. -
Conformal Field Theory out of Equilibrium: a Review Denis Bernard
Conformal field theory out of equilibrium: a review Denis Bernard| and Benjamin Doyon♠ | Laboratoire de Physique Th´eoriquede l'Ecole Normale Sup´erieurede Paris, CNRS, ENS & PSL Research University, UMPC & Sorbonne Universit´es,France. ♠ Department of Mathematics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. We provide a pedagogical review of the main ideas and results in non-equilibrium conformal field theory and connected subjects. These concern the understanding of quantum transport and its statistics at and near critical points. Starting with phenomenological considerations, we explain the general framework, illustrated by the example of the Heisenberg quantum chain. We then introduce the main concepts underlying conformal field theory (CFT), the emergence of critical ballistic transport, and the CFT scattering construction of non-equilibrium steady states. Using this we review the theory for energy transport in homogeneous one-dimensional critical systems, including the complete description of its large deviations and the resulting (extended) fluctuation relations. We generalize some of these ideas to one-dimensional critical charge transport and to the presence of defects, as well as beyond one-dimensional criticality. We describe non-equilibrium transport in free-particle models, where connections are made with generalized Gibbs ensembles, and in higher-dimensional and non-integrable quantum field theories, where the use of the powerful hydrodynamic ideas for non-equilibrium steady states is explained. We finish with a list of open questions. The review does not assume any advanced prior knowledge of conformal field theory, large-deviation theory or hydrodynamics. March 24, 2016 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Mesoscopic electronic transport: basics 3 2.1 Elementary phenomenology . -
Stochastic Hydrodynamic Analogy of Quantum Mechanics
The mass lowest limit of a black hole: the hydrodynamic approach to quantum gravity Piero Chiarelli National Council of Research of Italy, Area of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Moruzzi 1, Italy Interdepartmental Center “E.Piaggio” University of Pisa Phone: +39-050-315-2359 Fax: +39-050-315-2166 Email: [email protected]. Abstract: In this work the quantum gravitational equations are derived by using the quantum hydrodynamic description. The outputs of the work show that the quantum dynamics of the mass distribution inside a black hole can hinder its formation if the mass is smaller than the Planck's one. The quantum-gravitational equations of motion show that the quantum potential generates a repulsive force that opposes itself to the gravitational collapse. The eigenstates in a central symmetric black hole realize themselves when the repulsive force of the quantum potential becomes equal to the gravitational one. The work shows that, in the case of maximum collapse, the mass of the black hole is concentrated inside a sphere whose radius is two times the Compton length of the black hole. The mass minimum is determined requiring that the gravitational radius is bigger than or at least equal to the radius of the state of maximum collapse. PACS: 04.60.-m Keywords: quantum gravity, minimum black hole mass, Planck's mass, quantum Kaluza Klein model 1. Introduction One of the unsolved problems of the theoretical physics is that of unifying the general relativity with the quantum mechanics. The former theory concerns the gravitation dynamics on large cosmological scale in a fully classical ambit, the latter one concerns, mainly, the atomic or sub-atomic quantum phenomena and the fundamental interactions [1-9]. -
Does LIGO Prove General Relativity?
Does LIGO Prove General Relativity? by Clark M. Thomas © May 12, 2016; modified Sept. 11, 2016 ABSTRACT LIGO-detected "gravitational waves" are very real. This successful experiment in early 2016 did open up a new form of astronomy. Despite the hype, the initial explanation for what was discovered neither confirms nor denies Einstein's full theory of General Relativity, including the concept of gravity membranes (branes). The LIGO discovery can be explained by a model somewhat similar to de Broglie-Bohm quantum pilot waves. LIGO-detected "gravitational waves" are real. The successful experiment in early 2016 did open up a new form of astronomy. However, despite the hype, the initial explanation for what was discovered neither confirms nor denies Einstein's full theory of Page !1 of !11 General Relativity, including the concept of gravity membranes (branes). It merely confirms his 2016 guess that gravity waves should be generated, and that they potentially could be detected and measured. That’s a long way from the core of his GR thesis.1 “Spacetime” is a cool idea, but it merely records the timely effects of motion within a 3D Universe, making up frame-specific 4D spacetimes – with seemingly infinite discrete inertial frames of reference.2 Einstein's idea of "c" being the somewhat mystical absolute limit of measured speed in any direction simply acknowledges the initial acceleration of electromagnetic particle strings from their graviton base within a frame of reference. Speed of light within a vacuum is only the initial burst of acceleration for each yin/yang photon string as it leaves its graviton “mother ship.”3 A better explanation for the waves detected by LIGO is a 21st century paradigm of push/shadow gravity – within a 3D set sea of “quantum foam” (primarily Yin/Yang particles, Y/Y strings, Y/Y graviton rings, and some larger particles). -
Quantum Geometrodynamics with Intrinsic Time Development
2nd LeCosPA International Symposium, Nat.Taiwan U. (December 17th 2015) Quantum geometrodynamics with intrinsic time development 許 Chopin Soo 祖 斌 Department of Physics, Nat. Cheng Kung U, Taiwan Everything? What about (let’s not forget) the `problem of time’ ? A very wise man once said “What then is time? If no one asks me, I know what it is. If I wish to explain it to him who asks, I do not know”, pondering the mystery of what time really is, Saint Augustine (of Hippo) (354-430 A.D.) wrote in his Confessions《懺悔錄》, “Si nemo ex me quaerat scio; Si quaerente explicare velim, nescio ’’ Time: We all have some intuitive understanding of time. But what is time? Where does it comes from? Physical theory of space and time Einstein’s GR: Classical space-time <-> (pseudo-Riemannian)Geometry Quantum Gravity: “`Spacetime’ - a concept of limited applicability” ---J. A. Wheeler What, if anything at all, plays the role of “time” in Quantum Gravity? Importance of time: 1)Quantum probabilities are normalized at fixed instances of time 2)Time <-> Hamiltonian as generator of time translation/evolution Hamiltonian <-> Energy Time: Is it 1) fundamental (present even in Quantum Gravity)? 2) emergent (present in the (semi)-classical context only)? 3) an illusion (!)? … Nemeti, Istvan et al. arXiv:0811.2910 [gr-qc] Getting to know Einstein’s theory Spacetime tells matter how to move; matter tells spacetime how to curve John Wheeler, in Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam p.235 This saying has seeped into popular culture and public discourse; but with all due respect to Wheeler, it is the Hamiltonian which tells everything (including the metric) how to move! from The Early Universe (E. -
Quantum Information Hidden in Quantum Fields
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 21 July 2020 Peer-reviewed version available at Quantum Reports 2020, 2, 33; doi:10.3390/quantum2030033 Article Quantum Information Hidden in Quantum Fields Paola Zizzi Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Piazza Botta, 11, 27100 Pavia, Italy; [email protected]; Phone: +39 3475300467 Abstract: We investigate a possible reduction mechanism from (bosonic) Quantum Field Theory (QFT) to Quantum Mechanics (QM), in a way that could explain the apparent loss of degrees of freedom of the original theory in terms of quantum information in the reduced one. This reduction mechanism consists mainly in performing an ansatz on the boson field operator, which takes into account quantum foam and non-commutative geometry. Through the reduction mechanism, QFT reveals its hidden internal structure, which is a quantum network of maximally entangled multipartite states. In the end, a new approach to the quantum simulation of QFT is proposed through the use of QFT's internal quantum network Keywords: Quantum field theory; Quantum information; Quantum foam; Non-commutative geometry; Quantum simulation 1. Introduction Until the 1950s, the common opinion was that quantum field theory (QFT) was just quantum mechanics (QM) plus special relativity. But that is not the whole story, as well described in [1] [2]. There, the authors mainly say that the fact that QFT was "discovered" in an attempt to extend QM to the relativistic regime is only historically accidental. Indeed, QFT is necessary and applied also in the study of condensed matter, e.g. in the case of superconductivity, superfluidity, ferromagnetism, etc. -
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News 6/2013 Physics H. Friedrich, TU München, Germany R. Gendler, Rob Gendler Astropics, Avon, CT, USA G. Ghisellini, The Astronomical Observatory of Brera, Scattering Theory (Ed) Merate, Italy Lessons from the Masters Radiative Processes in High This book presents a concise and modern coverage of scattering theory. It is motivated by the fact that Current Concepts in Astronomical Image Energy Astrophysics experimental advances have shifted and broad- Processing This book grew out of the author’s notes from his ened the scope of applications where concepts course on Radiative Processes in High Energy from scattering theory are used, e.g. to the field of There are currently thousands of amateur astrono- Astrophysics. The course provides fundamental ultracold atoms and molecules, which has been mers around the world engaged in astrophotogra- definitions of radiative processes and serves as a experiencing enormous growth in recent years, phy at a sophisticated level. brief introduction to Bremsstrahlung and black largely triggered by the successful realization of Features body emission, relativistic beaming, synchrotron Bose-Einstein condensates of dilute atomic gases 7 Written by a brilliant body of recognized emission and absorption, Compton scattering, in 1995. In the present treatment, special atten- leaders 7 Contains the most current, sophisti- synchrotron self-compton emission, pair creation tion is given to the role played by the long-range cated and useful information on astrophotogra- and emission. The final chapter discusses the ob- behaviour of the projectile-target interaction, phy 7 Covers all types of astronomical image served features of Active Galactic Nuclei and their and a theory is developed, which is well suited processing, including processing of events such interpretation based on the radiative processes to describe near-threshold bound and continuum as eclipses, using DSLRs, and deep sky, planetary, presented in the book. -
Arxiv:2105.05054V2 [Cond-Mat.Stat-Mech] 1 Sep 2021 2
Exact entanglement growth of a one-dimensional hard-core quantum gas during a free expansion Stefano Scopa1, Alexandre Krajenbrink1, Pasquale Calabrese1;2 and Jer´ omeˆ Dubail3 1 SISSA and INFN, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy 2 International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), I-34151, Trieste, Italy 3 Universite´ de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France Abstract. We consider the non-equilibrium dynamics of the entanglement entropy of a one- dimensional quantum gas of hard-core particles, initially confined in a box potential at zero temperature. At t = 0 the right edge of the box is suddenly released and the system is let free to expand. During this expansion, the initially correlated region propagates with a non-homogeneous profile, leading to the growth of entanglement entropy. This setting is investigated in the hydrodynamic regime, with tools stemming from semi-classical Wigner function approach and with recent developments of quantum fluctuating hydrodynamics. Within this framework, the entanglement entropy can be associated to a correlation function of chiral twist-fields of the conformal field theory that lives along the Fermi contour and it can be exactly determined. Our predictions for the entanglement evolution are found in agreement with and generalize previous results in literature based on numerical calculations and heuristic arguments. arXiv:2105.05054v2 [cond-mat.stat-mech] 1 Sep 2021 2 Contents 1 Introduction3 2 Setup and main result5 2.1 The model: free expansion of a lattice hard-core gas . .5 2.2 Previous results in the literature . .6 2.3 Main result of this paper . .7 3 Classical and quantum fluctuating hydrodynamic description8 3.1 Continuum limit and regularization of the problem . -
Emergent Hydrodynamics in a 1D Bose-Fermi Mixture
Emergent Hydrodynamics in a 1D Bose-Fermi Mixture PACS numbers: INTRODUCTION OF MY LECTURE scale, all the densities and currents of local observables are the functions of ξ = x=t. Here the evolution can be Nonequilibrium dynamics of one dimensional (1D) intuitively understood by the transport of the quasipar- integrable systems is very insightful in understanding ticles in integrable systems. Within the light core the transport of many-body systems. Significantly differ- quasiparticles can arrive and leave that totally depends ent behaviours are observed from that of the higher di- on their local velocities. Moreover, the GH method has mensional systems since the existence of many conserved been adapted to study the evolution of 1D systems con- quantities in 1D. For example, 1D integrable systems do fined by the external field [8,9], also see experiment [10]. not thermalize to a usual state of thermodynamic equi- Beyond the Euler type of hydrodynamics, diffusion has librium [1], where after a long time evolution there is a also been studied by the GH [11, 12]. maximal entropy state constrained by all the conserved On the other hand, at low temperatures, universal phe- quantities[2]. When we consider such a process of time nomena emerge in quantum many-body systems. In high evolution, it is extremely hard to solve the Schrodinger dimensions, the low energy physics can be described by equation of the system with large number particles. Landau's Fermi liquids theory. However, for 1D sys- tems, the elementary excitations form collective motions of bosons. Thus the low energy physics of 1D systems is elegantly descried by the theory of Luttinger liquids [13{ 15]. -
Gravitons Explained
Gravitons Explained By Clark M. Thomas © August 16, 2021 Abstract There are two totally different gravity paradigms within physics and astrophysics. Separate models of gravitons support each paradigm. These gravity paradigms could be called Tractor-Beam Gravity, and Push/Shadow Gravity. This introductory essay examines each paradigm, with a surprising winner. Tractor-Beam Gravity (TBG) embraces the currently popular model of gravitons. They are at the foundation of geometric General Relativity and string theories. This model has been embraced because its supporting ideas can appear elegant with carefully manipulated math. Once the correlative math has been reverse engineered from sketchy data to fit the general model – ideas of graviton tractor beams can emerge that are impossible to exclusively verify within all dimensions, even though popular publications have claimed as much for a century. Push/Shadow Gravity (PSG) has an older pedigree, going back to Nicolas Fatio, a friend of Newton, in the 17th century. As PSG was originally developed, using the idea of swarms of very tiny impactors, some mass-blocked, it was flawed and easy to refute. Toward the late 19th century the antique PSG model was ignored. It was soon to be superseded by emerging ideas involving Maxwellian electromagnetic fields, culminating with geometric !1 of 11! General Relativity and the truly weird realm of string theory maths. Even quantum field theory has joined the gravity game. Experimental particle physics (within lower-case relativity) examines phenomena inside some intermediate logarithmic dimensions. Explored energy realms are limited by the limited power of particle accelerators. At reality’s particulate limits the ultimate building blocks are much smaller – and combine to create matter worlds much larger than we could dimensionally verify with our instruments. -
Gr-Qc/9211012V1 9 Nov 1992 AS Ubr:9.0D,04.90.+E 98.80.DR, R Numbers: PACS
INFLATING LORENTZIAN WORMHOLES Thomas A. Roman Physics and Earth Sciences Department Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, Connecticut 06050 Abstract It has been speculated that Lorentzian wormholes of the Morris-Thorne type might be allowed by the laws of physics at submicroscopic, e.g. Planck, scales and that a sufficiently advanced civilization might be able to enlarge them to classical size. The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibility that inflation might provide a natural mechanism for the enlargement of such wormholes to macroscopic size. A new classical metric is presented for a Lorentzian wormhole which is imbedded in a flat deSitter space. It is shown that the throat and the proper length of the wormhole inflate. The resulting properties and stress-energy tensor associated with this metric are discussed. PACS. numbers: 98.80.DR, 04.90.+E arXiv:gr-qc/9211012v1 9 Nov 1992 1 I. INTRODUCTION There has been much interest recently in the Lorentzian signature, traversable worm- holes conjectured by Morris and Thorne (MT) [1,2]. These wormholes have no horizons and thus allow two-way passage through them. As a result, violations of all known en- ergy conditions, including the weak (WEC) [3] and averaged weak (AWEC) [4] energy conditions, must unavoidably occur at the throat of the wormhole. Another disturbing (or intriguing, depending on one’s point of view) property of these wormholes is the possibility of transforming them into time machines for backward time travel [5,6] and thereby, per- haps, for causality violation. Whether such wormholes are actually allowed by the laws of physics is currently unknown.