Information to Users

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Information to Users INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, begiiming at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Informaticn Company 300 North Zed) Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 THE IMPACTS OF CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT OF PESTS, DISEASES AND WEEDS ON INVERTEBRATES IN TOMATO AGROECOSYSTEMS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Erdal N. Yardim, B.S., MS. ***** The Ohio State University 1996 Dissertation Committee; Approved by Clive A. Edwards, Adviser Celeste Welty V\A>€ . Adviser Richard M. Riedel Environmental Science Graduate Program UMI Number: 9710688 Copyright 1996 by Yardim, Erdal Necip All rights reserved. UMI Microform 9710688 Copyright 1997, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Copyright by Erdal Necip Yardim 1996 ABSTRACT The overall effects of pesticide use in agroecosystems have received a great deal of attention in recent decades because of the potential undesirable non-target effects of pesticides. By designing and implementing a field experiment comparing the recommended chemical management of pests, diseases and weeds in tomato agroecosystems, I was able to evaluate the effects of a comprehensive pesticide treatment program, individual components and lower chemical inputs on the incidence of pests, predators and nematodes over two seasons. The pesticide treatments used included; i) full spectrum pesticide use; based on a comprehensive pesticide application schedule including insecticides (carbaryl, endosulfan, and esfenvalerate), a fungicide (chlorothalonil) and herbicides (trifluralin and paraquat); ii) insecticide only use treatment; based on applications of the same insecticides and doses as in the full spectrum pesticide use treatment; iii) fungicides and herbicides only treatments; based on applications of the same doses fungicide and herbicides as in the full spectrum pesticide use treatment; iv) control plots received no pesticide applications. The pest populations studied included: aphids (potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae and green peach aphids, Myzus persicae), flea beetles (Epitrix spp.), and thrips (Thrips spp.). The predatory arthropods investgated included ground beetles (Carabidae), rove beetles (Staphylinidae), tiger beetles (Cicindellidae), lady beetles (Coccinellidae), spiders (Araneae), ants ( Formicidae), and anthocorids (Anhocoridae: Hemiptera). Insecticide applications provided efiScient control of aphids and flea beetles, but they led to reductions in numbers of various groups of predators. In general, foliage-dwelling predators were more sensitive to pesticide applications than ground-dwelling predators. Fungicide and herbicide applications caused decreased populations of anthocorids and foliage-dwelling spiders and consequent increases in the numbers of aphids and flea beetles. Free-living nematode populations were sensitive to pesticide applications in general; in particular insecticide applications consistently led to increase in plant parasitic nematode numbers. Early blight caused by Altemaria solani was a serious disease limiting the yields. An economic comparison of pesticide applications on processing tomatoes showed that fungicide applications were critical to maintain yields and profitability of tomato production in the presence of early blight disease. m To Hatice, Sehaded and Sehid IV ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my deepest gratitude to my advisor. Dr. Clive Edwards for his guidance, patience and strong support throughout my graduate training. I am also grateful to the other members of my committee. Dr. Celeste Welty and Dr. R.M. Riedel for their technical advice and comments in my field work and dissertation. I thank Bill Shuster and Mike Anderson for their assistance during my field work and for their sincere fiiendship. I also wish to thank my wife, Hatice, for her patience and faith, my daughter, Sehaded, and my son, Sehid, for the joy they brought to my life during this endeavor. VITA March 25, 1966 ........................................................ Bom - Batman, Turkey 1990 ...................................................................... M.S. Entomology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey 1990-199 1................................................................ Research Assistant, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey 1991- present............................................................Graduate Teaching and Research Associate, The Ohio State University FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field; Environmental Science (Entomology, Agroecosystem Ecology and Integrated Pest Management) VI TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Dedication........................................................................................................................ iv Acknowledgments..............................................................................................................v Vita...................................................................................................................................vi List of Tables..................................................................................................................... ix List of Figures.................................................................................................................... x Chapters: 1. Introduction............................................................................................................... 1 2. The effects of chemical management of pests, diseases and weeds on arthropod pests and fungal pathogens in processing tomatoes........................................................... 18 Introduction........................................................................................................... 18 Materials and method ............................................................................................ 26 Results .............................................................................................................. 29 Discussion........................................................................................................... 33 3. The effects of chemical management of pests, diseases and weeds on surface- dwelling predators in tomatoes.................................................................................59 Introduction...........................................................................................................59 Materials and method ........................................................................................... 64 Results .................................................................................................................. 65 Discussion.............................................................................................................68 4. The effects of chemical management of pests, diseases and weeds on foliage- dwelling predators, commonly found on tomatoes...................................................86 Introduction...........................................................................................................86 Materials and M ethod ........................................................................................... 87 vii Results .................................................................................................................. 88 Discussion............................................................................................................ 90 5. The effects of chemical management of pests, diseases and weeds on the trophic structure of nematode populations in tomato agroecosystems.................................101 Introduction.........................................................................................................101 Materials and method ...................................................................................... 104 Results .............................................................................................................. 105 Discussion............................................................................................................106 6. An
Recommended publications
  • Restricted Use Product Summary Report
    Page 1 of 17 Restricted Use Product Summary Report (January 19, 2016) Percent Active Registration # Name Company # Company Name Active Ingredient(s) Ingredient 4‐152 BONIDE ORCHARD MOUSE BAIT 4 BONIDE PRODUCTS, INC. 2 Zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) 70‐223 RIGO EXOTHERM TERMIL 70 VALUE GARDENS SUPPLY, LLC 20 Chlorothalonil 100‐497 AATREX 4L HERBICIDE 100 SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION, LLC 42.6 Atrazine 100‐585 AATREX NINE‐O HERBICIDE 100 SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION, LLC 88.2 Atrazine 100‐669 CURACRON 8E INSECTICIDE‐MITICIDE 100 SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION, LLC 73 Profenofos 100‐817 BICEP II MAGNUM HERBICIDE 100 SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION, LLC 33; 26.1 Atrazine; S‐Metolachlor 100‐827 BICEP LITE II MAGNUM HERBICIDE 100 SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION, LLC 28.1; 35.8 Atrazine; S‐Metolachlor 100‐886 BICEP MAGNUM 100 SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION, LLC 33.7; 26.1 Atrazine; S‐Metolachlor 100‐898 AGRI‐MEK 0.15 EC MITICIDE/INSECTICIDE 100 SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION, LLC 2 Abamectin 100‐903 DENIM INSECTICIDE 100 SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION, LLC 2.15 Emamectin benzoate 100‐904 PROCLAIM INSECTICIDE 100 SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION, LLC 5 Emamectin benzoate 100‐998 KARATE 1EC 100 SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION, LLC 13.1 lambda‐Cyhalothrin 100‐1075 FORCE 3G INSECTICIDE 100 SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION, LLC 3 Tefluthrin Acetochlor; Carbamothioic acid, dipropyl‐ 100‐1083 DOUBLEPLAY SELECTIVE HERBICIDE 100 SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION, LLC 16.9; 67.8 , S‐ethyl ester 100‐1086 KARATE EC‐W INSECTICIDE 100 SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION, LLC 13.1 lambda‐Cyhalothrin 100‐1088 SCIMITAR GC INSECTICIDE 100 SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION,
    [Show full text]
  • Carpenter Ants and Control in Homes Page 1 of 6
    Carpenter Ants and Control in Homes Page 1 of 6 Carpenter Ants and Control in Homes Fact Sheet No. 31 Revised May 2000 Dr. Jay B Karren, Extension Entomologist Alan H. Roe, Insect Diagnostician Introduction Carpenter ants are members of the insect order Hymenoptera, which includes bees, wasps, sawflies, and other ants. Carpenter ants can be occasional pests in the home and are noted particularly for the damage they can cause when nesting in wood. In Utah they are more of a nuisance rather than a major structural pest. Carpenter ants, along with a number of other ant species, utilize cavities in wood, particularly stumps and logs in decayed condition, as nesting sites. They are most abundant in forests and can be easily found under loose bark of dead trees, stumps, or fallen logs. Homeowners may bring them into their homes when they transport infested logs from forests to use as firewood. Description Carpenter ants include species that are among the largest ants found in the United States. They are social insects with a complex and well-defined caste system. The worker ants are sterile females and may occur in different sizes (majors and minors). Members of the reproductive caste (fertile males and females) are usually winged prior to mating. All ants develop from eggs deposited by a fertilized female (queen). The eggs hatch into grub-like larvae (immatures) which are fed and cared for by the workers. When fully grown, the larvae spin a cocoon and enter the pupal stage. The pupal stage is a period of transformation from the larva to adult.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Perspectives on Apple Production: Fruit Tree Pest Management, Regulation and New Insecticidal Chemistries
    Historical Perspectives on Apple Production: Fruit Tree Pest Management, Regulation and New Insecticidal Chemistries. Peter Jentsch Extension Associate Department of Entomology Cornell University's Hudson Valley Lab 3357 Rt. 9W; PO box 727 Highland, NY 12528 email: pjj5@cornell.edu Phone 845-691-7151 Mobile: 845-417-7465 http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/faculty/jentsch/ 2 Historical Perspectives on Fruit Production: Fruit Tree Pest Management, Regulation and New Chemistries. by Peter Jentsch I. Historical Use of Pesticides in Apple Production Overview of Apple Production and Pest Management Prior to 1940 Synthetic Pesticide Development and Use II. Influences Changing the Pest Management Profile in Apple Production Chemical Residues in Early Insect Management Historical Chemical Regulation Recent Regulation Developments Changing Pest Management Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 The Science Behind The Methodology Pesticide Revisions – Requirements For New Registrations III. Resistance of Insect Pests to Insecticides Resistance Pest Management Strategies IV. Reduced Risk Chemistries: New Modes of Action and the Insecticide Treadmill Fermentation Microbial Products Bt’s, Abamectins, Spinosads Juvenile Hormone Analogs Formamidines, Juvenile Hormone Analogs And Mimics Insect Growth Regulators Azadirachtin, Thiadiazine Neonicotinyls Major Reduced Risk Materials: Carboxamides, Carboxylic Acid Esters, Granulosis Viruses, Diphenyloxazolines, Insecticidal Soaps, Benzoyl Urea Growth Regulators, Tetronic Acids, Oxadiazenes , Particle Films, Phenoxypyrazoles, Pyridazinones, Spinosads, Tetrazines , Organotins, Quinolines. 3 I Historical Use of Pesticides in Apple Production Overview of Apple Production and Pest Management Prior to 1940 The apple has a rather ominous origin. Its inception is framed in the biblical text regarding the genesis of mankind. The backdrop appears to be the turbulent setting of what many scholars believe to be present day Iraq.
    [Show full text]
  • US EPA, Pesticide Product Label, EVERCIDE ESFENVALERATE 6.4
    II UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION DEC 1 6 2011 Mr. Thomas A. Lennan McLaughlin Gormley King Company 8810 Tenth Avenue North Minneapolis, MN 55427-4319 Subject: Notification per PRN 98-10 EPA Registration No.: 1021 -1815 Evercide® Esfenvalerate 6.4% CS Date of Submission: November 14, 2011 Dear Mr. Lennan: The Agency is in receipt of your Application for Pesticide Notification under Pesticide Registration Notice (PRN) 98-10 for the abovementioned product. The Registration Division (RD) has conducted a review of this request and finds that the action(s) requested fall within the scope of PRN 98-10. The label submitted with the application has been stamped "Notification" and will be placed in our records. If you have any questions regarding this action, please contact Olga Odiott at (703)308-9369. Sincerely, Mark Stfarez Product Manager 13 Insecticide Branch Registration Division (7505P) f Please read instructions before completing form Form /ed. OMB No. 2070-0060. Approval expires 05-31-98 United States Reregistration OPP Identifier Number Environmental Protection Agency Amendment Washington, DC 20460 Other Application for Pesticide Reregistration - Section I 1. Company/Product Number 2. EPA Product Manager 3. Proposed Classification 1021-1815 Richard Gebken 4. Company/Product (Name) PM# I None D Restricted EVERCIDE® Esfenvalerate 6.4% CS 10 5. Name and Address of Applicant (Include Zip Code) 6. Expedited Review. In accordance with FIFRA Section 3(c)(3)(b)(i), my MCLAUGHLIN GORMLEY KING COMPANY product is similar or identical in composition and labeling to: 8810 TENTH AVENUE NORTH MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55427 EPA Reg.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide No. 1 – October 2020 2/12 the CONCEPT and IMPLEMENTATION of CPA GUIDANCE RESIDUE LEVELS
    Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco CORESTA GUIDE N° 1 The Concept and Implementation of CPA Guidance Residue Levels October 2020 Agro-Chemical Advisory Committee CORESTA TECHNICAL GUIDE N° 1 Title: The Concept and Implementation of CPA Guidance Residue Levels Status: Valid Note: This document will be periodically reviewed by CORESTA Document history: Date of review Information July 2003 Version 1 GRL for Pyrethrins () and Terbufos corrected. December 2003 CPA terminology corrected. June 2008 Version 2 – GRLs revised and residue definitions added Provisional GRL of 2.00 ppm for Cyfluthrin to replace previous June 2010 GRL of 0.50 ppm July 2013 Version 3 – GRLs revised October 2013 Note for Maleic Hydrazide revised Version 4 – GRLs revised + clarification that scope of GRLs July 2016 applies predominantly to the production of traditional cigarette tobaccos and GAP associated with their cultivation. June 2018 Fluopyram GRL of 5 ppm added to GRL list Version 5 – Nine new CPAs with GRL added to list. November 2019 Revision of GRLs for Chlorantraniliprole and Indoxacarb. Updated web links. October 2020 Version 6 – Flupyradifurone GRL of 21 ppm added to GRL list. CORESTA Guide No. 1 – October 2020 2/12 THE CONCEPT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CPA GUIDANCE RESIDUE LEVELS Executive Summary • Guidance Residue Levels (GRLs) are in the remit of the Agro-Chemical Advisory Committee (ACAC) of CORESTA. Their development is a joint activity of all ACAC members, who represent the leaf production, processing and manufacturing sectors of the Tobacco Industry. The concept of GRLs and their implementation are described in this guide. • GRLs provide guidance to tobacco growers and assist with interpretation and evaluation of results from analyses of residues of Crop Protection Agents (CPAs*).
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Chemistry Method for Pyrethroids in Sediment 47053001
    • 1. Introduction and Summary 1.1 Scope The analytical procedure described is suitable for the detennination of residues of bifenthrin, cypennethrin, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, fenpropathrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and permethrin (Figures 1-8) in sediment using an external standardisation procedure. The Iimit ofquantitation of the method is 0.1 µg kg·• for bifenthrin, cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, fenpropathrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and 1.0 µg kg" 1 for pennethrin. Figura 1 Compound Bifenthrin IUPAC Name 2-methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl (Z)-( 1RS,3RS)-3-(2-chloro-3- 3-3-trifluoroprop-l -enyl)-2,2- dimethy lcyclopropanecarboxy late CAS Number 82657-04-3 CAS Name (2-methyl[ I,I '-biphenyl]-3-(2-chloro-3-3-3-trifluoroprop- l­ enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate • Cl Figure 2 Compound Cypermethrin IUPACName (RS)-a-cyano-3-phenoxy benxy I ( 1RS,3RS; IRS,3SR)-3-(2,2- dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxy late CASNumber 52315-07-8 CAS Name Cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)- 2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate N 11 Cl 0 Cl • Page 7 of185 • Figure 3 Compound Cyfluthrin IUPAC Name RS)-a-cyano-4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzyl ( 1RS,3RS; 1RS,JSR}-3-(2,2-dichloroviny 1)-2,2- dimethy lcyclopropanecarboxylate CASNumber 68359-37-5 CASName Cyano(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-(2,2- dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethy lcyclopropanecarboxylate N 11 Cl 0 o'() F ~' Figure 4 Compound Deltamethrin IUPAC Name (S)-a-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl ( IR,JR)-3-(2,2- dibromoviny 1)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate CAS Number
    [Show full text]
  • Compound Class Type Analysed in 3,4-Dichloroaniline Anilines
    U.S. Geological Survey ‐ California Water Science Center Pesticide Fate Research (Table of Analytes) Compound Class Type Analysed In 3,4‐Dichloroaniline Anilines degradate water & sediment AlAlac hlorChl Chloroacetani t ilidlides hbiidherbicide watert & sedidiment t Aldrin Organochlorines insecticide sediment Allethrin Pyrethroids insecticide water & sediment alpha‐Chlordane Organochlorines insecticide sediment alpha‐HCH Organochlorines insecticide sediment Atrazine Triazines/Triazones herbicide water & sediment AzoxystrobinAzoxystrobin Strobilurins funfungicidegicide water & sediment beta‐HCH Organochlorines insecticide sediment Bifenthrin Pyrethroids insecticide water & sediment Butylate Thiocarbamates herbicide water & sediment Carbaryl Carbamates insecticide water & sediment Carbofuran Carbamates insecticide water & sediment Chlorothalonil Miscellaneous fungicide water & sediment ChlChlorpyrifos if OrganophosphatesOhh insecticideiiid water & sedimentdi cis‐Nonachlor Organochlorines insecticide sediment Cycloate Thiocarbamates herbicide water & sediment Cyfluthrin Pyrethroids insecticide water & sediment Cyhalothrin Pyrethroids insecticide water & sediment Cypermethrin Pyrethroids insecticide water & sediment Cyproconazole Conazoles fungicide water & sediment Dacthal (DCPA) Miscellaneous herbicide water & sediment delta‐HCH Organochlorines insecticide sediment Deltamethrin Pyrethroids insecticide water & sediment Diazinon Organophosphates insecticide water & sediment Dieldrin Organochlorines insecticide sediment Disulfoton Organophosphates
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Minnesota Chemicals of High Concern List
    Minnesota Department of Health, Chemicals of High Concern List, 2019 Persistent, Bioaccumulative, Toxic (PBT) or very Persistent, very High Production CAS Bioaccumulative Use Example(s) and/or Volume (HPV) Number Chemical Name Health Endpoint(s) (vPvB) Source(s) Chemical Class Chemical1 Maine (CA Prop 65; IARC; IRIS; NTP Wood and textiles finishes, Cancer, Respiratory 11th ROC); WA Appen1; WA CHCC; disinfection, tissue 50-00-0 Formaldehyde x system, Eye irritant Minnesota HRV; Minnesota RAA preservative Gastrointestinal Minnesota HRL Contaminant 50-00-0 Formaldehyde (in water) system EU Category 1 Endocrine disruptor pesticide 50-29-3 DDT, technical, p,p'DDT Endocrine system Maine (CA Prop 65; IARC; IRIS; NTP PAH (chem-class) 11th ROC; OSPAR Chemicals of Concern; EuC Endocrine Disruptor Cancer, Endocrine Priority List; EPA Final PBT Rule for 50-32-8 Benzo(a)pyrene x x system TRI; EPA Priority PBT); Oregon P3 List; WA Appen1; Minnesota HRV WA Appen1; Minnesota HRL Dyes and diaminophenol mfg, wood preservation, 51-28-5 2,4-Dinitrophenol Eyes pesticide, pharmaceutical Maine (CA Prop 65; IARC; NTP 11th Preparation of amino resins, 51-79-6 Urethane (Ethyl carbamate) Cancer, Development ROC); WA Appen1 solubilizer, chemical intermediate Maine (CA Prop 65; IARC; IRIS; NTP Research; PAH (chem-class) 11th ROC; EPA Final PBT Rule for 53-70-3 Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene Cancer x TRI; WA PBT List; OSPAR Chemicals of Concern); WA Appen1; Oregon P3 List Maine (CA Prop 65; NTP 11th ROC); Research 53-96-3 2-Acetylaminofluorene Cancer WA Appen1 Maine (CA Prop 65; IARC; IRIS; NTP Lubricant, antioxidant, 55-18-5 N-Nitrosodiethylamine Cancer 11th ROC); WA Appen1 plastics stabilizer Maine (CA Prop 65; IRIS; NTP 11th Pesticide (EPA reg.
    [Show full text]
  • Household Insects – Homeowners ` CAUTION: All Insecticides Are Toxic to Some Degree; Therefore, Care Should Be Exercised in Their Use
    Household Insects – Homeowners ` CAUTION: All insecticides are toxic to some degree; therefore, care should be exercised in their use. The manufacturer’s directions on the label in the use of the material must be followed explicitly. Insect Threats Insecticides and Treatment* Remarks Ants Feed on foods and Baits (active ingredient and Remove food and clean up the area. Place (several may damage product): bait where ants occur or congregate. May species) clothing; may also sodium tetraborate decahydrate use several different baits at the same time sting, causing severe (Amdro Kills Ants Liquid Bait, Terro to discover one that ants will consume. reaction to some Liquid Ant Baits); Care should be taken not to contaminate people. hydramethylnon (Amdro Kills Ants foodstuffs. Also treat nests in yard. Follow Bait Stations and Stakes); label. orthoboric acid (Terro Perimeter Ant Bait); fipronil (Combat Max Ant Killing Bait Stations and Gel); abamectin (Raid Max Double Control Ant Baits, Raid Ant Baits III); dinotefuran (Hot Shot Ultra Clear Roach & Ant Gel Bait, Hot Shot Ultra Liquid Ant Bait); spinosad (Ortho Home Defense Liquid Ant Bait); thiamethoxam (Raid Precision Placement Ant Bait Gel) Crack and crevices: Follow label. prallethrin, esfenvalerate, pyrethrins, pyrethrum, permethrin, tetra- methrin, phenothrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyfluthrin Indoor space: prallethrin, esfenvalerate, pyrethrins, pyrethrum, permethrin, tetramethrin, phenothrin, cyfluthrin, bifenthrin Outdoor barrier: prallethrin, esfenvalerate, permethrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, malathion, carbaryl Outdoor broadcast: hydramethylnon, pyriproxyfen, beta-cyfluthrin, esfenvalerate, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, malathion, carbaryl *Labels on insecticides should state “material may be used in the household” and should be registered by the EPA for that purpose. Household Insects – Homeowners ` CAUTION: All insecticides are toxic to some degree; therefore, care should be exercised in their use.
    [Show full text]
  • Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification 2019 Theinternational Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) Was Established in 1980
    The WHO Recommended Classi cation of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classi cation 2019 cation Hazard of Pesticides by and Guidelines to Classi The WHO Recommended Classi The WHO Recommended Classi cation of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classi cation 2019 The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification 2019 TheInternational Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) was established in 1980. The overall objectives of the IPCS are to establish the scientific basis for assessment of the risk to human health and the environment from exposure to chemicals, through international peer review processes, as a prerequisite for the promotion of chemical safety, and to provide technical assistance in strengthening national capacities for the sound management of chemicals. This publication was developed in the IOMC context. The contents do not necessarily reflect the views or stated policies of individual IOMC Participating Organizations. The Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC) was established in 1995 following recommendations made by the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development to strengthen cooperation and increase international coordination in the field of chemical safety. The Participating Organizations are: FAO, ILO, UNDP, UNEP, UNIDO, UNITAR, WHO, World Bank and OECD. The purpose of the IOMC is to promote coordination of the policies and activities pursued by the Participating Organizations, jointly or separately, to achieve the sound management of chemicals in relation to human health and the environment. WHO recommended classification of pesticides by hazard and guidelines to classification, 2019 edition ISBN 978-92-4-000566-2 (electronic version) ISBN 978-92-4-000567-9 (print version) ISSN 1684-1042 © World Health Organization 2020 Some rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • IMDG Code (Amendment 37-14) Index Korean Register of Shipping
    IMDG Code (Amendment 37-14) Index Substance, material or article MP Class UN No. ACETAL - 3 1088 ACETALDEHYDE - 3 1089 ACETALDEHYDE AMMONIA - 9 1841 Acetaldehyde diethyl acetal, see - 3 1088 ACETALDEHYDE OXIME - 3 2332 Acetaldol, see - 6.1 2839 beta-Acetaldoxime, see - 3 2332 ACETIC ACID, GLACIAL - 8 2789 ACETIC ACID SOLUTION more than 10% and less than 50% acid, - 8 2790 by mass ACETIC ACID SOLUTION not less than 50% but no more than 80% - 8 2790 acid, by mass ACETIC ACID SOLUTION more than 80% acid, by mass - 8 2789 Acetic aldehyde, see - 3 1089 ACETIC ANHYDRIDE - 8 1715 Acetic oxide, see - 8 1715 Acetoin, see - 3 2621 ACETONE - 3 1090 ACETONE CYANOHYDRIN, STABILIZED P 6.1 1541 Acetone hexafluoride, see - 2.3 2420 ACETONE OILS - 3 1091 Acetone-pyrogallol copolymer 2-diazo-1-naphthol-5-sulphonate - 4.1 3228 ACETONITRILE - 3 1648 3-Acetoxypropene, see - 3 2333 Acetylacetone, see - 3 2310 Acetyl acetone peroxide (concentration ≤32%, as a paste), see - 5.2 3106 Acetyl acetone peroxide (concentration ≤42%, with diluent Type A, and - 5.2 3105 water, available oxygen ≤4.7%), see ACETYL BROMIDE - 8 1716 ACETYL CHLORIDE - 3 1717 Acetyl cyclohexanesulphonyl peroxide - 5.2 3115 (concentration ≤32%, with diluent Type B), see Acetyl cyclohexanesulphonyl peroxide - 5.2 3112 (concentration ≤82%, with water), see Acetylene dichloride, see - 3 1150 ACETYLENE, DISSOLVED - 2.1 1001 Acetylene, ethylene and propylene mixtures, refrigerated liquid, see - 2.1 3138 ACETYLENE, SOLVENT FREE - 2.1 3374 Acetylene tetrabromide, see P 6.1 2504 Acetylene tetrachloride, see P 6.1 1702 ACETYL IODIDE - 8 1898 Acetyl ketene, stabilized, see - 6.1 2521 ACETYL METHYL CARBINOL - 3 2621 Acid butyl phosphate, see - 8 1718 Acid mixture, hydrofluoric and sulphuric, see - 8 1786 Acid mixture, nitrating acid, see - 8 1796 Korean Register of Shipping IMDG Code (Amendment 37-14) Index Substance, material or article MP Class UN No.
    [Show full text]
  • Managing Pesticide Poisoning Risk and Understanding the Signs and Symptoms Clyde L
    EC2505 Revised June 2018 Managing Pesticide Poisoning Risk and Understanding the Signs and Symptoms Clyde L. Ogg, Extension Educator Jan R. Hygnstrom, Project Manager Cheryl A. Alberts, Project Coordinator Erin C. Bauer, Entomology Lecturer The potential for accidents with pesticides is real. Ac- cidental exposure or overexposure to pesticides can have seri- ous consequences. While most pesticides can be used with relatively little risk when label directions are followed, some are extremely toxic and require special precautions. The Poison Control Centers receive about 90,000 calls each year related to pesticide exposures. Pesticides are re- sponsible for about 3 percent of all accidental exposures to children 5 years and younger and about 4 percent for adults. In addition, pesticides are the cause of about 3 percent of children’s deaths reported to the Poison Control Centers. Routes of Exposure Pesticides can enter the human body three ways: 1) der- mal exposure, by absorption through the skin or eyes; 2) oral exposure, through the mouth; and 3) through inhalation or respiratory exposure, by inhaling into the lungs. Some classify exposure through the eyes as ocular exposure. Dermal exposure results in absorption immediately after Figure 1. Absorption rates of different a pesticide contacts the skin or eyes. Absorption will contin- parts of the body based on the absorption ue as long as the pesticide remains in contact with the skin or of parathion into the forearm over 24 eyes. The rate at which dermal absorption occurs is different hours. for each part of the body (Figure 1). Maiback and Feldman (1974) measured the amount of the pesticide parathion absorbed by different parts of the human body over 24 hours.
    [Show full text]