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Thematic Strategy on Sustainable Use of Plant Protection Products --- Prospects and Requirements for Transferring Proposals for Plant Protection Products to Biocides

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Thematic Strategy on Sustainable Use of Plant Protection Products --- Prospects and Requirements for Transferring Proposals for Plant Protection Products to Biocides | TEXTE | 06/2012 Thematic Strategy on Sustainable Use of Plant Protection Products --- Prospects and Requirements for Transferring Proposals for Plant Protection Products to Biocides | TEXTE | 06 /20 12 ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE FEDERAL MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, NATURE CONSERVATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY Project No. (FKZ) 3708 63 400 Report No. ( UBA -FB ) 00 1587 Thematic Strategy on Sustainable Use of Plant Protection Products --- Prospects and Requirements for Transferring Proposals for Plant Protection Products to Biocides by Stefan Gartiser Hydrotox GmbH, Freiburg Heike Lüskow Ökopol GmbH, Hamburg Rita Groß Öko-Institut e.V., Freiburg On behalf of the Federal Environment Agency (Germany) UMWELTBUNDESAMT This publication is only available online. It can be downloaded from http://www.uba.de/uba-info-medien-e/4261.html . The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official opinions. ISSN 1862-4804 Study performed by: Hydrotox Labor für Ökotoxikologie Ökopol GmbH und Gewässerschutz GmbH Institut für Ökologie und Politik Bötzinger Str. 29 Nernstweg 32-34 79111 Freiburg 22765 Hamburg Öko-Institut e. V. Merzhauser Str. 173 79100 Freiburg Study completed in: August 2011 Publisher: Federal Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt) Wörlitzer Platz 1 06844 Dessau-Roßlau Germany Phone: +49-340-2103-0 Fax: +49-340-2103 2285 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de http://fuer-mensch-und-umwelt.de/ Edited by: Section IV 1.2 Biocides Dr. Barbara Jahn Dessau-Roßlau, March 2012 Foreword Biocides are highly active substances used in a broad pattern as it is reflected by the 23 different product types (PT). Biocides are able to kill, to destroy or to deter living organisms. Due to these inherent hazardous properties biocides pose potential risks to human health and the environment. If such products are applied near to humans or introduced into the environment, there is a high probability that they cause damage to people and/or wildlife. Biocides share this capability with pesticides used as plant protection products. With regard to plant protection products a dual approach has been established: - an authorisation procedure as given in the Regulation 1107/2009/EC concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market as a prerequisite for the marketing of individual substances and products - and in parallel - an approach which does not address individuell products but aspects of the overall use of plant protection products in general as given in the Directive 2009/128/EC establishing a framework for Community action to achieve the sustainable use of pesticides. It seems to be sensible that such an approach is appropriate for biocides as well, as authorised biocides are still biocides - which means that they keep their ability in killing living organisms. The lesser the amount to which biocides are used, the lesser should be the possible damage to humans and the environments. Therefore also for biocides an approach which aims at reducing their use seems to be reasonable. Concerning the emission of biocides to the environment only limited reliable information is available to date and biocides are rarely considered in monitoring programs. Notwithstanding, several studies from research projects clearly demonstrate that biocides are regularly found in environmental samples. The first experiences in biocidal product authorization raised many important aspects about the use of biocides like - the use of biocides (e.g. insecticides, repellents or antifoulings) in sensible areas (e.g. in protected areas as described in Art. 12 of Directive 2009/128/EC establishing a framework for Community action to achieve the sustainable use of pesticides or water supply areas), - the obligation to minimize the use of biocides, for instance by taking into account of preventive and/or non-biocidal measures, - so called good practice of biocide application, - so called integrated pest management, - resistance management , - the need for education and training - expert knowledge with regard to high risk product types (e.g. rodenticides), - handling, storage, disposal, - public awareness raising. These aspects are very similar to those regulated for the use of plant protection products. The Thematic Strategy on sustainable use of pesticides has been implemented in the Framework Directive 2009/128/EC on sustainable use of pesticides only for plant protection products so far. Until now there exists no harmonised approach to minimise hazards and risks of biocides to human health and the environment during the use phase. While the Biocide Product Directive 98/08/EC and the new Biocide Regulation focus on the procedure for including active substances in the Annexes of the Directive and the authorisation of biocidal products, there are no concrete requirements for the use phase of biocidal products. The new Regulation addresses the sustainable use of biocides under Art. 18 by obliging the Commission to present to the Council and the European Parliament a report on sustainable use of biocidal products. That report shall, inter alia, examine: (a) the promotion of best practices as a means of reducing the use of biocidal products to the minimum; (b) the most effective approaches for monitoring the use of biocidal products; (c) the development and application of integrated pest management principles with respect to the use of biocidal products; (d) the risks posed by the use of biocidal products in specific areas such as schools, workplaces, kindergartens, public spaces, geriatric care centres or in the vicinity of surface or groundwater and whether additional measures are needed to address them; (e) the role that the improved performance of the equipment used for the application of biocidal products could make to sustainable use. On basis of that report, the Commission shall, if appropriate, present a legislative proposal. The main objectives of sustainable use of biocides are the protection of the environment especially of water bodies and soil, the preservation of biodiversity, the minimisation of hazards to human health, and the avoidance of resistance development. The Federal Environment Agency of Germany (UBA) conducted from 2008 to 2011 a project with the title “Thematic Strategy on Sustainable Use of Plant Protection Products – Prospects and Requirements for Transferring Proposals for Plant Protection Products to Biocides” (UFOPLAN-Ref. No. FKZ 3708 63 400). Within the project the possibilities and requirements for adapting measures as prescribed in the Framework Directive 2009/128/EC on sustainable use of pesticides to the biocide area have been systematically analysed, with specific focus on wood preservatives, insecticides, and antifouling agents. This analysis of the instruments for improving sustainable use of pesticides described in Directive 2009/128/EC revealed that the structure of certain instruments can be transferred to the biocide area, but some biocide specific adaptations are required, not only for biocides in general, but also for the several PTs or specific applications. The UBA project analyses relevant aspects of the sustainable use of biocides specific for the product types wood preservatives, insecticides and antifouling agents and provides suggestions and recommendations which could be useful to stipulate the EU discussion on sustainable use of biocides. Federal Environment Agency, the 14.February 2012 Report Cover Sheet 1. Report No. 2. 3. IV 1.2 Biocides FB 001587 4. Report Title Thematic Strategy on Sustainable Use of Plant Protection Products – Prospects and Requirements for Transferring Proposals for Plant Protection Products to Biocides 5. Author(s), Family Name(s), First Name(s) 8. Report Date Dr. Stefan Gartiser (Projektleitung) 1) 30.08.2011 Heike Lüskow 2) Rita Groß 3) 9. Publication Date 6. Performing Organisation (Name, Address) 16.03.2012 1) Hydrotox GmbH, D-79111 Freiburg, Bötzinger Str. 29 10. UFOPLAN-Ref. No. 2) Ökopol GmbH, D-22765 Hamburg, Nernstweg 32 - 34 FKZ 3708 63 400 3) Öko-Institut e.V., D- 79100 Freiburg, Merzhauser Straße 173 11. No. of Pages 108 + 190 in 4 Annexes 7. Funding Agency (Name, Address) Umweltbundesamt (Federal Environmental Agency) 12. No. of Reference Postfach 14 06, 06813 Dessau-Roßlau 47 13. No. of Tables, Diagrams 5 14. No. of Figures 5 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract The sustainable use of pesticides pursues, independent of the authorisation of single products, the aim to minimise existing environmental risks of pesticide use and therefore contribute to the reduction of its impact on the environmental protection goals. The Thematic Strategy (TS) and the Framework Directive 2009/128/EC (FWD) on sustainable use of pesticides have so far only been implemented for plant protection products (PPP). For biocides there exists no harmonised approach. Within the project the possibilities and requirements for transferring measures of the FWD to the biocide area have been analysed, with specific focus on wood preservatives, insecticides, and antifouling products. Several biocidal active substances are found in the outlets of sewage treatment plants and in surface water, but an inventory of the present environmental impact as well as reliable data on biocide consumption and use patterns, which could be used to identify key action areas, are generally missing. These data are urgently needed for the development of suitable indicators and the definition of the objectives. Sustainable use of biocides addresses the three issues; social, environmental
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