Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, and Siricidae Collected in Baited Funnel Traps on Drummond Island, Chippewa County, Michigan

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Volume 53 Numbers 1 & 2 - Spring/Summer 2020 Numbers Article 12 1 & 2 - Spring/Summer 2020

September 2020

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Recommended Citation Haack, Robert 2020. "Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, and Siricidae Collected in Baited Funnel Traps on Drummond Island, Chippewa County, Michigan," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 53 (1) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol53/iss1/12

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Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, and Siricidae Collected in Baited Funnel Traps on Drummond Island, Chippewa County, Michigan Robert A. Haack USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 3101 Technology Blvd., Suite F, Lansing, MI 48910 (e-mail: [email protected] (emeritus))

Abstract Trapping of bark- and wood-infesting insects in 2015 and 2016 at multiple locations on Drummond Island in northern Lake Huron, using baited multi-funnel traps, yielded 4 species of Buprestidae, 24 Cerambycidae, and 4 Siricidae. In 2015, all funnel traps were baited with the plant volatiles α-pinene, ethanol, and cis-3-hexenol, and were either black or green in color, and placed either at heights similar to the lower canopy of nearby trees (4-5 m) or at 1-2 m above groundline. In 2016, all traps were green, hung at 1-2 m above groundline, and baited with the cerambycid pheromones fuscumol acetate, monochamol, and syn-(2,3)-hexanediol. In 2015, 29 species of Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, and Siricidae were captured, compared with 9 cerambycids in 2016. The original target insect, emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), an invasive pest from Asia, was not trapped in either year. Keywords: Borers, Agrilus planipennis, funnel trap, lures, trap height, trap color

Drummond Island is Michigan’s ican beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), white second largest island, covering about 130 ash (Fraxinus americana L.), black ash (F. square miles (≈ 83,131 ac or 33,642 ha) with nigra Marshall). green ash (F. pennsylvanica 58% being state-owned and managed by the Marshall), American hophornbeam [Ostrya Michigan Department of Natural Resources virginiana (Mill.) K.Koch], balsam poplar as part of the Lake Superior State Forest (Populus balsamifera L.), bigtooth aspen (P. (Karen Rodock, Michigan DNR, personal grandidentata Michaux), trembling aspen communication). Drummond Island lies (P. tremuloides Michx.), northern red oak near the northwestern end of Lake Huron (Quercus rubra L.), and American basswood and is the easternmost point of Michigan’s (Tilia americana L.) (Scharf and Chamber- Upper Peninsula (Fig. 1a). The bedrock on lin 1978, Weatherbee 2014, MDNR 2015, Drummond Island is largely limestone and Reznicek et al. 2016, Lincoln 2018). dolomite (a magnesium rich limestone), and In 2015, at the time this study began, in many areas is exposed at the surface, the Asian buprestid known as the emerald forming broad, flat expanses known as alvars ash borer (EAB, Agrilus planipennis Fair- that are covered with little or no soil and maire) had not yet been found on Drummond usually dominated by grasses and sedges Island, but populations were nearby in both (Lincoln 2018). parts of Michigan and Ontario, Canada. Several tree species occur on Drum- EAB was first detected in North America in mond Island and other nearby islands. The 2002 near Detroit, Michigan and Windsor, most common conifers include balsam fir Ontario (Haack et al. 2002, 2015), and has [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.], tamarack [Larix now spread to 35 US states and 5 Canadian laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch], white spruce provinces as of June 2020 (EAB Info 2020). [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss], black spruce EAB was first detected in Michigan’s Upper [Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns & Peninsula in 2005 on the shores of Lake Poggenburg], red pine (Pinus resinosa Sol. ex Superior in Brimley State Park, Chippewa Aiton), white pine (Pinus strobus L.), north- County (Storer et al. 2009; Fig. 1a). In 2008, ern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.), and EAB was detected in Sault Ste. Marie, On- eastern hemlock [Tsuga canadensis (L.) Car- tario, located near the northern end of the St. rière]. Similarly, the most common hardwood Marys River, which connects Lake Superior tree species include red maple (Acer rubrum to Lake Huron (Fig. 1a). In 2009, EAB was L.), sugar maple (A. saccharum Marshall), detected across the St. Marys River in Sault yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton), Ste. Marie, MI. In nearby areas, EAB was paper birch (B. papyrifera Marshall), Amer- next reported on Sugar Island (Michigan) in

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Figure 1. A. Outline map of Drummond Island (DI), surrounding islands and mainland of Michigan and Ontario, Canada. See text for historical spread of emerald ash borer in this area. Codes are: BSP = Brimley State Park; CI = Cockburn Island; NI = Neebish Island; SI = Sugar Island; SJI = St Joseph Island; SMR = St. Marys River; S-M = Sault Ste. Marie, MI; and S-O = Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. B. Outline map of Drummond Island and surrounding islands that comprise Drummond Island Township, Michigan, indicating the 2015 and 2016 trapping locations, which were from north to south, Bruce Point (B), GEMS (Grouse Enhanced Management Systems; G), boat launch site to First Lake (1st), Wa-Wen Resort (W), Arrow Island (AI), Dix Point (D), Township Park (P), Anderson Point (A), and Helen Lake (H). Drummond Island is to the left of the red asterisk in the inset map of Michigan.

2012 and then on St Joseph Island (Ontario) land. The last trapping site was located on in 2014 (Fig. 1a). the southwestern side of Drummond Island The initial objective of the present along the shoreline forest edge of Anderson study in 2015 was to monitor for presence Point (A; N 45.9576°, W 83.8431°) near Fair- of EAB on Drummond Island by setting view Cove, where the author has a cabin. Ash out baited funnel traps at various locations trees were common at four of the trapping around the island. In 2016 another survey sites (AI, B, 1st, and W) but rare at the other took place, but smaller in scale, using funnel two sites (A and D; Fig. 1b). traps with different baits. In this paper a list Traps were deployed during 4–6 June is presented of the bark- and wood-boring 2015 and taken down on 3 October 2015 Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, and Siricidae (≈ 120 trapping days). The traps were that were collected during the 2-year study. checked irregularly, usually every 3–4 Methods: 2015 Study. Six trapping weeks. A kayak was used to reach the traps sites were selected in 2015, five on Drum- on Arrow Island. At each site, four 12-unit mond Island itself and one on Arrow Island funnel traps (Contech Enterprises Inc., (AI; N 46.0236° Lat, W 83.8239° Long), a Victoria, British Columbia, Canada) were small (2.5 ac, 1 ha), state-owned island near deployed. Two of the traps had black fun- (0.4 km) the west side of Drummond Island nels and two had green funnels like those (Fig. 1b). The other sites were generally pictured in Petrice and Haack (2015). The located on the eastern side of Drummond Is- funnels of all traps were coated with Fluon land, anticipating that if EAB were to fly over (Northern Products Inc., Woonsocket, RI), a water to Drummond Island they would come slippery substance that improves trapping from infestations to the west in Michigan’s efficiency (Graham et al. 2010). Two traps, Upper Peninsula or from the north on St. one of each color, were suspended from Joseph Island (Fig. 1a). The northernmost branches in the lower canopy of dominant trapping site was located on Bruce Point (B; trees so that the bottom of the collection cup N 46.0908°, W 83.7194°) on state land with was about 4-5 m above groundline. The other traps placed in trees near the shoreline (Fig. two traps, one of each color, were suspended 1b). Moving southward, traps were placed in the understory, using lower branches of along the forest edge at Wa-Wen Resort (W; trees so that the collection cup was about 1 N 46.0332°, W 83.6756°) near the shoreline of m above groundline. Typically, the two traps Potagannissing Bay. More inland, traps were of the same color were suspended from the placed along the forest edge of the Potagan- same tree or two trees within 5 m of each nissing River on state land near the parking other. The two other traps were suspended lot where boats are launched to enter First from one or two trees that were at least 10 Lake (1st; N 46.0416°, W 83.6544°). The next m away from the first pair. Traps were sus- trapping site was along the forest edge at Dix pended from ash trees at four sites (1st, AI, Point (D; N 46.0251°, W 83.8419°) on state B, and W), but not the other two sites (A and

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D) where no ash trees were nearby. Most of suspended from lower tree branches so the selected ash trees had some branch die- that the collection cup was about 1 m above back, but none had signs of EAB infestation groundline. The collection cups were pre- (e.g., EAB adult exit holes or EAB larval gal- pared as in 2015. The lures used on each leries; Haack et al. 2015). In all cases, traps trap included one fuscumol acetate bubble were suspended so that they were clearly cap with a release rate of 2 mg/day at visible, and any interfering branches were 20 °C (Synergy Semiochemicals Corporation, pruned. The base of the collection cups had Delta, BC), one monochamol bubble cap with a small screen funnel to allow rainwater to a release rate of ~750 ug/day at 20 °C (Syner- drain. A circular piece of window screening gy), and one syn-(2,3)-hexanediol (a racemic was fitted snugly near the bottom of each mix of six-carbon diols) bubble cap with an cup to suspend captured insects above any undetermined release rate (Synergy). These moisture that accumulated. Pieces of No- compounds are known pheromones or attrac- Pest Strip (Spectrum Group, St. Louis, MO) tants for several cerambycid species in mul- were placed inside each collection cup to tiple cerambycid subfamilies that infest both quickly kill trapped insects. Dichlorvos, an conifers and hardwoods (Millar and Hanks organophosphate insecticide, is the active 2017), and they can be suspended from the ingredient in No-Pest Strips. same traps with no apparent antagonistic effects on attraction to cerambycids (Fan et Three different attractant lures were al. 2019). In addition, at the Anderson Point attached to the inside of each funnel trap (A) site, a single unbaited green funnel trap and changed every 6–7 weeks. The lures was deployed in the lower canopy near the included one α-pinene UHR (ultra-high other trap as a blank control. release) pouch with a release rate of 2.3 g per day at 26 °C (Alpha Scents, Inc., West Insect sorting and identification. Linn, OR), one ethanol UHR pouch with In both years, all insects in the collection a release rate of about 300 mg per day at cups were emptied into labeled plastic 20 °C (Contech Enterprises Inc., Delta, BC), zip-lock bags and kept frozen until sorted. and two cis-3-hexenol bubble caps with a Insects were later removed from one bag at combined release rate of 7.4 mg per day at a time and placed in a Petri dish and viewed 20 °C (Contech Enterprises Inc). The under a dissecting microscope. All specimens α-pinene and ethanol lures are common of Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, and Siricidae attractants for a wide range of bark- and were removed and placed in labelled vials wood-infesting insects (Millar and Hanks or pinned. These insects were identified 2017, Rabaglia et al. 2019). The volatile leaf using various reference books and keys, alcohol cis-3-hexenol serves as a host attrac- including Wellso et al. (1976) and Paiero et tant for EAB adults (Poland et al. 2019). In al. (2012) for Buprestidae; Yanega (1996) addition, at Anderson Point (A), a single and Lingafelter (2007) for Cerambycidae, unbaited black funnel trap was deployed in and Schiff et al. (2006, 2012) for Siricidae. the lower canopy near the other traps as a Identifications were later confirmed by com- blank control. paring specimens with previously identified insects in the Michigan State University 2016 Study. Six trapping sites were (MSU), Department of Entomology, Albert J. used in 2016, including three of the original Cook Arthropod Research Collection in East sites (A, D, and W; Fig. 1b). The three new Lansing, MI. Currently, the borers identified sites, from north to south, were along the in this paper reside in the author’s personal forest edge at the GEMS (Grouse Enhanced collection but later will be placed in the MSU Management Systems) site on state land collection. (G; N 46.0580°, W 83.6622°), a forested area of the Drummond Island Township Park Results: 2015 Study. Overall, 129 that had recently been selectively logged borers (4.5 borers per 100 trap-days) were (P; N 45.9884°, W 83.7850°), and in a forest collected in the 24 baited traps in 2015, in- opening near Helen Lake on state land (H; cluding 7 buprestids (4 species, but no EAB), N 45.9547°, W 83.7514°; Fig. 1b). A single 115 cerambycids (21 species), and 7 siricids (4 species) (Table 1). No borers were collected Fluon-coated, green, 12-unit funnel trap was in the single unbaited control trap. Of the deployed at each site. The 2016 study was 21 cerambycid species, five were members not focused on EAB and therefore sites with of the subfamily Cerambycinae, six were a different tree mixture were used: Abies and Lamiinae, eight were Lepturinae, and two Populus dominated the GEMS site, Acer and were Spondylidinae (Table 1). Nine of the 21 Fagus the Township Park, and Pinus the cerambycid species develop primarily in co- Helen Lake site. nifers (softwoods), 11 mostly in broadleafed Traps were deployed on 23 May 2016 trees (hardwoods), and the larval hosts of and taken down on 20 October 2016 (148 one cerambycid species are still unknown: trapping days). The traps were checked Idiopidonia pedalis (LeConte) (Table 1). irregularly, every 3–6 weeks. Traps were Similarly, one of the buprestid species de-

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76 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 53, Nos. 1–2 5 Hardwoods Hardwoods Hardwoods Conifers Hardwoods Hardwoods Conifers Unknown Common larval hosts Hardwoods Hardwoods Hardwoods Conifers Conifers Conifers Conifers Hardwoods Conifers Hardwoods Conifers Hardwoods Hardwoods Hardwoods

2015–16 VII-VIII VII-VIII VI VIII-IX VI-VII VI-VIII VI-VII VI-VII Primary months collected in VI VII-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-IX VII-VIII VI-VIII V-VI IX VI-VIII VII-VIII VI-VII VI-VIII

1st W AI D W A H W H W W W Sites where collected in W P 1st D W 1st A W 1st D P 1st A G H P W A G 2015–16 D G W A B 1st A AI D W 1st W B W 1st AI B W

0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 6 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 53 39 for 2016 Total

2 1 3 3 0 1 1 1 2 0 4 3 4 2 6 0 1 3 2 59 24 20 for 115 2015 Total

- - - 0 / 2 1 / 0 1 / 2 2 / 0 0 / 1 0 / 1 1 / 0 1 / 4 / 0 2 / 1 2 / 0 / 1 2 / 1 / 0 2 / 1 0 / 2 2015 9 / 15 12 / 8 U / C 58 / 57 10 /

- - - Number of adults collected 2 / 0 1 / 0 1 / 2 2 / 0 1 / 0 1 / 0 1 / 0 0 / 2 1 / 3 2 / 1 2 / 0 / 1 2 / 1 / 0 0 / 3 1 / 2015 20 / 0 B / G 67 / 48 10 / 12 /

2015 2015 2015 2016 2015 2015 2015 2016 2015 2015 2016 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 when 2015-16 2015-16 2015-16 2015-16 2015-16 2015-16 Year(s) collected

(Kirby) (Casey)

Kirby

(Say)

(Olivier) (Gyllenhal)

(Say) (DeGeer) Kirby (Fab.) (Newman) (Drury) (Haldeman) (Say) (Randall) (L.) (LeConte)

(Say) (Haldeman) (Kirby) (Say) (Olivier)

Table 1. Details on the bark- and wood-infesting Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Siricidae collected in baited funnel traps Drummond Island in 2015 and 2016. Family, Subfamily, Species CERAMBYCIDAE Cerambycinae Clytus ruricola Cyrtophorus verrucosus Microclytus gazellula Neoclytus acuminatus Pronocera collaris Xylotrechus undulatus Lamiinae Acanthocinus pusillus Aegomorphus modestus Astylopsis collaris Graphisurus fasciatus Monochamus marmorator Monochamus notatus Monochamus scutellatus Lepturinae Bellamira scalaris Evodinus monticola Grammoptera subargentata Hyperplatys aspersa Idiopidonia pedalis Pidonia ruficollis Rhagium inquisitor Trachysida mutabilis Trigonarthris minnesotana

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2020 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 77 5 Common larval hosts Betula Populus Populus Conifers Conifers Conifers Conifers Conifers Conifers Conifers

2015–16 Primary months collected in VI-VII VIII VI-VII VII-IX VI-VII IX VII-VIII VIII-IX VII-VIII VIII

Sites where collected in W 1st D, W B D W A 1st D 2015–16 W W 1st

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 for 2016 Total

7 7 3 1 2 2 1 3 2 1 1 14 for 2015 Total

ber. 3 / 4 4 / 3 0 / 3 0 / 1 7 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 0 2 / 1 1 / 1 / 0 1 / 0 2015 U / C

Number of adults collected 4 / 3 7 / 0 2 / 1 1 / 0 6 / 8 2 / 0 1 / 1 / 0 3 / 0 1 / 0 / 1 1 / 0 2015 B / G

2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 when Year(s) collected

Kirby

Say

(Say)

(Westwood) (Fabricius) (L.) Norton (Kirby) Fabricius

Gory

Trap color: B = black, G green. Trap location: U = understory, C canopy. Trapping site codes given in Fig. 1b. Months: V = May, VI June, VII July, VIII August, IX Septem Common hosts are based on Gosling 1973, 1983, 1984, 1986; a nd 1977; Heffern et al. 2015; Lingafelter 2007; Paiero 2012; Schiff 2006, 2012; Wellso et al. 1976; Yanega 1996. Table 1. Continued. Family, Subfamily, Species Spondylidinae Asemum striatum Tetropium cinnamopterum BUPRESTIDAE Agrilus anxius Buprestis maculativentris Dicerca tenebrica Poecilonota cyanipes SIRICIDAE Sirex nigricornis Urocerus albicornis Urocerus cressoni Xeris melancholicus 1 2 3 4 5

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veloped in conifers and three in hardwoods last sampling period that occurred mostly (Table 1). All four siricid species developed in September and ended in early October in conifers (Table 1). (Table 1). Ten of the 29 borer species were each 2016 Study. Overall, 53 borers (6.0 represented by only a single individual, borers per 100 trap-days), representing 9 and six others by only two individuals each cerambycid species, were collected in the (Table 1). By contrast, only four of the 29 six baited traps used in 2016 (Table 1). No borer species were collected in numbers of buprestids or siricids were trapped in 2016, 10 individuals or greater, all of which were and no borers were collected in the single cerambycids, including Asemum striatum unbaited control trap. Moreover, of the nine (L.) (14 individuals), Monochamus scutella- cerambycid species, one was a member of tus (Say) (20), Trigonarthris minnesotana the subfamily Cerambycinae, seven were (Casey) (20), and Xylotrechus undulatus Lamiinae, and one was a Lepturinae (Table (Say) (24; Table 1). Of the six trapping sites, 1). Six of the nine cerambycid species collect- Arrow Island had the fewest with only 3 ed in 2016 had been captured in 2015 and borer species collected (all cerambycids), three were new (Table 1). Four of the nine whereas Wa-Wen Resort had the most, with 2016 cerambycid species developed primarily 19 species collected (3 buprestids and 16 in hardwoods and five in conifers (Table 1). cerambycids). Six of the nine 2016 cerambycid species There were no striking differences were represented by only a single individual, between the diversity of borers collected one was collected twice, another six times, in traps placed in the understory (catching and one (M. scutellatus) 39 times. No borers 22 of the 29 species) compared with those were collected at Dix Point (D) in 2016. At placed in the lower canopy (catching 21 of the other five 2016 sites, usually only two the 29 species). For the four cerambycid or three cerambycid species were captured species that were captured most frequently, throughout the entire trapping season, and they were captured at equal or nearly equal only M. scutellatus was collected at all five numbers in traps placed at the two height sites (Table 1). positions: 7 of 14 A. striatum were captured From 6 to 19 borers were captured at the lower position (χ2 test, P = 1), and during each of the first five trapping peri- similarly, 10 of 20 M. scutellatus (P = 1), 11 ods, but none were collected during the last of 20 T. minnesotana (P = 0.655), and 13 of period (12 September to 20 October 2016). 24 X. undulatus (P = 0.683). Overall, 6 individual borers (2 species) were Considering trap color, the buprestids collected during the first collecting period and cerambycids were captured in both black that ended on 4 June 2016, 10 (3 species) on and green traps, whereas all siricids were 4 July, 7 (4 species) on 20 July, 19 (4 spe- captured in black traps. Overall, three of cies) on 21 August, and 11 (2 species) on 12 the four buprestid species and 18 of the 21 September. Besides M. scutellatus, the only cerambycid species were captured in black other cerambycid collected during the first traps, compared with three buprestid and collection period that ended on 4 June was 13 cerambycid species being collected in Evodinus monticola (Randall), and similarly green traps. Of the four most frequently Monochamus notatus (Drury) was the only collected cerambycids, only T. minnesotana other borer trapped during 21 August to 12 showed a strong color preference with all 20 September (Table 1). individuals collected in black traps (χ2 test, Discussion. The original impetus P < 0.0001). By contrast, the others were for this study was to sample for EAB on captured at equal or nearly equal numbers Drummond Island. However, no EAB adults in black and green traps: A. striatum (P = were collected in either 2015 or 2016. More- 0.593), M. scutellatus (P = 1), and X. undu- over, as of June 2020, EAB has still not latus (P = 1). been reported on Drummond Island, nor Borers were captured during each of on nearby Neebish Island (Michigan) to the the five trapping periods. Overall, 25 individ- northwest or Cockburn Island (Ontario) to ual borers (9 species) were collected during the southeast (Fig. 1a). Nevertheless, EAB the first collecting period that ended on 23 is becoming more common on the mainland June 2015, 41 (16 species) on 12 July, 45 (13 of Michigan’s eastern Upper Peninsula, as species) on 15 August, 14 (7 species) on 1 well as on the mainland of Ontario between September, and 4 (4 species) on 3 October. Of Sault Ste. Marie and Manitoulin Island, the 29 borer species collected, the cerambycid which is directly east of Cockburn Island. Microclytus gazellula (Haldeman) was only EAB was first detected on Manitoulin Island captured during the first sampling period in in 2011. Given that EAB-infested areas June, whereas the cerambycid Grammoptera generally surround Drummond Island, EAB subargentata (Kirby) and siricid Sirex nigri- will likely arrive someday, either by active cornis Fabricius were only captured in the flight or being assisted by humans, such as

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by transporting infested firewood (Haack et vs. purple) significantly affected diversity al. 2010). In 2018, Michigan’s internal EAB and abundance at the cerambycid subfamily quarantine was repealed given that EAB was level and for certain individual cerambycid known to occur in all but four of Michigan’s species. This was true in present study 83 counties at that time (MDARD 2018). As as well, with black traps preferred by the a result, movement of ash trees, ash logs, lepturine cerambycid T. minnesotana, and and ash firewood was no longer regulated similarly by the cerambycine Xylotrechus within Michigan, although the public was colonus (Fabricius) (Skvarla and Dowling still encouraged not to move firewood long 2017). In other studies, black traps were distances. Therefore, inadvertent movement shown to be superior to clear traps or white of EAB-infested ash trees, logs, or firewood traps in catching various buprestids, ceram- could easily bring EAB to Drummond Island bycids, and siricids (de Groot and Nott 2001, as well as other nearby islands. Hurley et al. 2015, Allison and Redak 2017). All 32 species of borers collected in In a study in South Africa, where six traps this study (4 buprestids, 24 cerambycids, of each color were used, more Sirex noctilio and 4 siricids) were already reported to F. adults were captured in black intercept occur in Michigan (Gosling 1973, Wellso et panel traps (33 individuals; Alpha Scents, al. 1976, Gosling and Gosling 1977, Schiff et West Linn, OR) and black 12-unit funnel al. 2012). Of these borers, county occurrence traps (28), compared with either light blue data in Michigan have only been published (6) or dark blue (2) funnel traps (Brett P. for the cerambycids (Gosling 1973, 1983, Hurley, University of Pretoria, South Africa, 1984; Gosling and Gosling 1977). In these unpublished data). four papers, county-level data are presented The lures used in the present study for 228 cerambycid species, of which 104 were dramatically different between years, species were recorded in Michigan’s Upper with plant volatiles (α-pinene, ethanol, and Peninsula. Using the above four papers as cis-3-hexenol) used in 2015 and cerambycid the baseline, seven of the 24 cerambycid pheromones (fuscumol acetate, monochamol, species reported in this paper [Aegomorphus and syn-(2,3)-hexanediol) used in 2016. modestus (Gyllenhal), Astylopsis collaris Many borers use plant volatiles to locate (Haldeman), Grammoptera subargentata their host plants, especially those that in- (Kirby), Hyperplatys aspersa (Say), Micro- fest trees stressed by environmental factors clytus gazellula (Haldeman), Monochamus such as drought (Mattson and Haack 1987, marmorator Kirby, and Pidonia ruficollis Haack and Petrice 2019). Environmental (Say)] are new county records for Chippewa stress often increases ethanol production County, MI, and two of these species are in plant tissues in both hardwoods and recorded for the first time in Michigan’s Up- conifers, and similarly the production of per Peninsula (A. collaris and M. gazellula). the resin monoterpene α-pinene in stressed Undoubtedly many more borer species occur conifers (Kimmerer and Kozlowski 1982, on Drummond Island than were collected in Mattson and Haack 1987, Turtola et al. this study, considering that Michigan has at 2003). Ethanol and α-pinene, especially least 120 species of buprestids (Wellso et al. when combined, are well known attractants 1976; Haack et al. 2002, 2009; Maier 2012; to many bark- and wood-infesting insects, MacRae and Basham 2013), 228 species including many cerambycids and siricids of cerambycids (Gosling 1973, 1983, 1984; (Miller 2006, Johnson et al. 2013, Millar and Gosling and Gosling 1977), and 10 species Hanks 2017, Hanks et al. 2018). The ethanol of siricids (Schiff et al. 2012). and α-pinene lures used in 2015 were likely Although no striking differences in responsible for attracting most of the wood borer diversity were found between under- borers collected that year. By contrast, the story and canopy traps in the present 2015 cis-3-hexenol lures were specifically used study, other researchers have found signifi- to attract EAB, given that this alcohol is cant differences relative to trapping height released from hardwood trees, including ash (Dodds 2014, Rassati et al. 2019, Ulyshen foliage, and is known to be attractive to EAB and Sheehan 2019). Similarly, there were adults (Poland et al. 2019). Nevertheless, no few striking differences in buprestid and EAB were collected in 2015, suggesting that cerambycid attraction to traps of different EAB had not yet invaded Drummond Island, colors in the present study (black vs. green), or if present, was not near any of the six 2015 although others have reported that trap color trapping sites. did affect borer diversity and abundance. Of the nine cerambycid species collect- For example, many adult buprestids show a ed in 2016, when cerambycid pheromones preference for green traps over black traps were used as lures, two species are known (Petrice and Haack 2015, Skvarla and Dow- to use fuscumol acetate as a pheromone ling 2017) as well as green over purple traps component [Aegomorphus modestus and (Rassati et al. 2019). For cerambycids, Ras- Graphisurus fasciatus (DeGeer)]; three use sati et al. (2019) found that trap color (green monochamol (Monochamus marmorator, M.

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notatus and M. scutellatus); and one uses Literature Cited syn-(2,3)-hexanediol [Neoclytus acuminatus (Fab)], (Millar and Hanks 2017, Hanks et Allison, J. D., and R. A. Redak. 2017. The al. 2018, Meier et al. 2020). No pheromone impact of trap type and design features on information was found for the three other survey and detection of bark and woodboring cerambycids collected in 2016 (Acanthoci- beetles and their associates: a review and nus pusillus Kirby, Astylopsis collaris, and meta-analysis. Annual Review of Entomology Evodinus monticola). 62: 127–146. There are likely many additional bor- de Groot, P., and R. Nott. 2001. Evaluation er species on Drummond Island than were of traps of six different designs to capture collected in this study, given that relatively pine sawyer beetles (Coleoptera: Ceramby- few lures and trapping techniques were em- cidae). Agricultural and Forest Entomology ployed as well as relatively few habitats were 3: 107–111. sampled. In addition to the genera of the tree Dodds, K. J. 2014. Effects of trap height on species listed in the introduction of this pa- captures of arboreal insects in pine stands per, many other trees and large shrubs occur of northeastern United States of America. on Drummond Island and nearby islands, Canadian Entomologist 146: 80–89. including native species of Alnus, Amelanch- ier, Celastrus, Corylus, Cornus, Crataegus, EAB Info. 2020. Emerald ash borer information Dirca, Ilex, Juniperus, Lonicera, Malus, network. Online at: http://www.emeraldash- Myrica, Prunus, Rhus, Rhamnus, Ribes, borer.info/ Rosa, Rubus, Salix, Sambucus, Shepherdia, Fan, J. T., O. Denux, C. Courtin, A. Bernard, Sorbus, Symphoricarpos, Taxus, and Ulmus M. Javal, J. G. Millar, L. M. Hanks, and A. (Scharf and Chamberlin 1978, Weatherbee Roques. 2019. Multi-component blends for 2014, Reznicek et al. 2016, Lincoln 2018). trapping native and exotic longhorn beetles Borers may also use some of the island’s at potential points-of-entry and in forests. smaller shrubs and woody vines as larval Journal of Pest Science 92: 281–297. hosts, such as species of Arctostaphylos, Dier- Gosling, D. C. L. 1973. An annotated list of the villa, Gaultheria, Hypericum, Rhododendron Cerambycidae of Michigan (Coleoptera) part (formerly Ledum), Spiraea, Vaccinium and I, introduction and the subfamilies Parandri- Vitis. For example, the Cerambycinae Cyr- nae, Prioninae, Spondylinae, Aseminae, and tophorus verrucosus (Olivier), two of which Cerambycinae. The Great Lakes Entomolo- were collected in this study (Table 1), are gist 6: 65–84. 7–11 mm long and have been reared from many species of hardwood trees (Yanega Gosling, D. C. L. 1983. New state records of Ce- 1996, Lingafelter 2007), and also woody rambycidae from Michigan (Coleoptera). The shrubs in the genera Cornus, Shepherdia, Great Lakes Entomologist 16: 187. and Vaccinium (Heffern et al. 2018), all of Gosling, D. C. L. 1984. Cerambycid host plants which grow on Drummond Island. in a southwestern Michigan woodland (Co- leoptera: Cerambycidae). The Great Lakes Acknowledgments Entomologist 17: 69–78. The author thanks Karen Rodock Gosling, D. C. L. 1986. Ecology of the Ceramby- (Michigan DNR) for permission to survey on cidae (Coleoptera) of the Huron Mountains State land on Arrow Island and Drummond in Northern Michigan. The Great Lakes Island, and for data on state land acreage Entomologist 19: 153–162. on Drummond Island; Erin Bullas-Appleton Gosling, D. C. L., and N. M. Gosling. 1977. An (Canadian Food Inspection Agency) for pro- annotated list of the Cerambycidae of Mich- viding EAB survey information for Ontario; igan (Coleoptera). Part II, the subfamilies Helen Enander (Michigan Natural Features Lepturinae and Lamiinae. The Great Lakes Inventory) for creating the base maps used Entomologist 10: 1–37. in this publication; Lawrence Hanks (Uni- versity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) Graham, E. E., R. F. Mitchell, P. F. Reagel, for providing background information on J. D. Barbour, J. G. Millar, and L. M cerambycid pheromones; Brett P. Hurley Hanks. 2010. Treating panel traps with a (University of Pretoria, South Africa) for pro- fluoropolymer enhances their efficiency in viding unpublished data, and Davide Rassati capturing cerambycid beetles. Journal of (University of Padua, Italy), Toby R. Petrice Economic Entomology 103: 641–647. (USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Haack, R. A., and T. R. Petrice. 2019. Historical Station), and two anonymous reviewers for population increases and related inciting comments on an earlier draft of this paper. factors of Agrilus anxius, Agrilus bilineatus, This research was supported in part by the and Agrilus granulatus liragus (Coleoptera: USDA Forest Service. Buprestidae) in the Lake States (Michigan,

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