DOCSLIB.ORG

Exhibition, Document, Bodies: the (Re)Presentation of the Minamata Disease by Miyo Inoue a Dissertation Submitted in Partial

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Exhibition, Document, Bodies: the (Re)Presentation of the Minamata Disease by Miyo Inoue a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Exhibition, Document, Bodies: The (Re)presentation of the Minamata Disease by Miyo Inoue A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Japanese Language and the Designated Emphasis in Film Studies in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Daniel O’Neill, Chair Professor Alan Tansman Professor Michael Raine Professor Mark Sandberg Spring 2018 Abstract Exhibition, Document, Bodies: The (Re)presentation of the Minamata Disease by Miyo Inoue Doctor of Philosophy in Japanese Language Designated Emphasis in Film Studies University of California, Berkeley Professor Daniel O’Neill, Chair This dissertation explores the artistic representations of Minamata disease and their spatial presentation from the critical framework of tenji (exhibition). The examination of Minamata disease’s complicated history through the tenji framework discloses the relations between this disease as an ongoing incident and the change brought on to Minamata as an actual city, and also as a symbolic image of pollution and corruption. Moreover, the manner and contents of tenji can be construed as a keen reflection of the larger social and national conditions. With the expanded interpretation of the term “exhibition” beyond mere spatial presentation and instead as an act of arranging exhibits under curators/exhibitors’ specific intentions, I widen my observation to what are often categorized under production, such as artworks. Therefore, my analyses include not only the works being exhibited themselves, but also how these works, and the artists themselves, are being exhibited in various spaces and contexts. While the works themselves remain unchanged, what does change are the contexts and conditions in which they are used or exhibited, or even the very presence of the works themselves in the space of exhibition. The dissertation is comprised of three chapters. Chapter 1 examines how the issue of visual ethics plays out in various forms of exhibition through the close analyses of the ways in which two young female patients are being (re)presented. They both played symbolic roles in the history of Minamata disease, and the resulting works compel artists to face the difficulty of reflecting these patients’ voices onto representations. Chapter 2 focuses on iei (funeral photograph) in order to observe the relationship among death, photograph and this disease. The exploration of the portrayals of two Minamata disease patients both as the dead and undead and also the iei mural created by Tsuchimoto Noriaki reveals how the meaning of each iei, thus each death, is created through its social relationships. Chapter 3 compares two physical spaces of exhibition for Minamata disease and their environmental and historical contexts. This observation foregrounds various Minamata disease narratives being created through the act of (re)presenting this disease, and re-confirms that no one attempt to exhibit it will be meaningful without the recognition of this essential complexity. And the conclusion suggests Minamata’s role as part of larger struggle against discrimination and the authority, rather than as a singular historical event. 1 Table of Contents Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................... iii Introduction Minamata disease as exhibition, Minamata disease in exhibition ........................................... 1 Once upon a time… .................................................................................................................... 1 What is Minamata disease? ......................................................................................................... 2 The tenji framework—how Minamata disease has been (re)presented ......................................... 5 Summary of the discussions for each chapter .............................................................................. 8 Chapter 1 The documentation of the body as a record of “life as patients” .......................................... 10 Introduction: W. Eugene Smith and Tomoko ............................................................................ 10 Bodies as the documentation of the disease ............................................................................... 11 a. Bodily manifestation of the disease .................................................................................... 12 b. Leakage and violated bodies .............................................................................................. 12 c. Devoid of voices and self-expression ................................................................................. 14 The ethics of representation: the cases of Matsunaga Kumiko and Kamimura Tomoko ............. 17 a. Matsunaga Kumiko and Kuwabara Shisei .......................................................................... 17 b. Matsunaga Kumiko and Tsuchimoto Noriaki ..................................................................... 25 c. Kamimura Tomoko and W. Eugene Smith ......................................................................... 33 d. Kamimura Tomoko, Kuwabara Shisei and Tsuchimoto Noriaki ......................................... 44 In place of conclusion: the afterlife of “Tomoko and Mother in the Bath” ................................. 50 Chapter 2 Commemoration and mobilization: the reproduction of and representation in iei .............. 55 Introduction: the iei of Sakamoto Kiyoko .................................................................................. 55 Iei: death and after-death ........................................................................................................... 57 Photography, death and time ..................................................................................................... 62 Minamata disease and iei: commemoration and beyond ............................................................ 65 a. Kama Tsurumatsu and Tsuchimoto Noriaki ....................................................................... 66 b. Kama Tsurumatsu and Kuwabara Shisei ............................................................................ 69 c. Kama Tsurumatsu and Ishimure Michiko .......................................................................... 72 d. Sakamoto Kiyoko and Tsuchimoto Noriaki ....................................................................... 76 e. Sakamoto Kiyoko and Ishimure Michiko ........................................................................... 77 f. Minamata disease seen through iei ..................................................................................... 79 The Iei mural “Kioku to inori” .................................................................................................. 82 In place of conclusion: embedded-ness ...................................................................................... 87 i Chapter 3 Displaying Minamata: how new aesthetics and political meanings get generated ............... 89 Introduction: two physical spaces of exhibition ......................................................................... 89 Museums, exhibitions, and exhibiting the memory of a disaster ................................................ 90 Comparison #1: the premises—Minamata Disease Museum and Minamata Disease Municipal Museum .................................................................................................................................... 93 a. Minamata Disease Museum/Minamatabyō rekishi kōshōkan ............................................. 94 b. Minamata Disease Municipal Museum/Minamatashiritsu Minamatabyō shiryōkan .......... 102 Comparison #2: the environment ............................................................................................. 109 a. Eco Park Minamata and the landfill ................................................................................. 110 b. Fukuro, the “ground zero” of Minamata disease .............................................................. 116 Wrapping up the comparison ................................................................................................... 118 In place of conclusion: Minamata Exhibition and the Circulating Exhibition ........................... 119 Conclusion Minamata and beyond: voices against discrimination woven together .............................. 122 The original Japanese texts ................................................................................................... 125 Bibliography .......................................................................................................................... 136 ii Acknowledgements Higher education was novelty in our family, and against all odds, I became not only the first (and so far, the only) college graduate, but also the only one with a graduate degree. I would not have been where I am today without the continuing support of and encouragement from the people around me. Professor Daniel O’Neill was courageous enough to welcome me into the department despite my lack of training in the field of literature, and kept pushing me to try harder in his own gentle manner. Professors Alan Tansman, Michael Raine and Mark Sandberg offered their time, attention and feedback, and I am sincerely grateful for their generosity. I would also like to extend my gratitude to my colleagues and friends—Soo Mi Lee, Marianne Tarcov, Aaron Kerner, Aki Sugaya—who never
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fiduciary Law and Japanese Nonprofits: a Historical and Comparative Synthesis
    The University of Tokyo Business Law Working Paper Series No. 2021-E-01 Fiduciary Law and Japanese Nonprofits: A Historical and Comparative Synthesis Masayuki Tamaruya The University of Tokyo, Graduate Schools for Law and Politics May 2021 Forthcoming in Laby & Russell, eds., Fiduciary Obligations in Business (Cambridge University Press) The University of Tokyo Graduate Schools for Law and Politics World-leading Innovative Graduate Study: Advanced Business Law Program Institute of Business Law and Comparative Law & Politics This working paper can be downloaded without charge at http://www.j.u-tokyo.ac.jp/en/research/blwps/. All rights reserved. For the Advanced Business Law Program (WINGS-ABLP) and the Institute of Business Law and Comparative Law & Politics, please visit http://www.j.u-tokyo.ac.jp/admission/graduate/advancedblp/ and http://www.ibc.j.u-tokyo.ac.jp/en/index.html. Fiduciary Law and Japanese Nonprofits: A Historical and Comparative Synthesis Masayuki Tamaruya (The University of Tokyo, Japan) <Abstract> In 2006, the Japanese law of nonprofits underwent a major reform. Notably, the reform involved a shift in the governance mechanism from external governmental oversight to a structure that emphasizes internal fiduciary governance. As the Japanese law in this area has historically been marked by various strands of fiduciary rules derived from different sources, the event presents a valuable case study on how the shift to fiduciary governance approach can impact the operation of those entities that are subject to the reform. This chapter will begin with a historical account of the evolution of Japanese nonprofit law that involves complex interactions among the indigenous nonprofit tradition, the civil law influence, American fiduciary principles, and the English-style charity commission.
    [Show full text]
  • Andy Arleo Université De Nantes (CRINI)
    LAURA NYRO’S ELI AND THE THIRTEENTH CONFESSION: TRANSCENDING THE DICHOTOMIES OF THE WOODSTOCK YEARS Andy Arleo Université de Nantes (CRINI) As Wavy Gravy says, if you can remember the sixties, you weren't really there (Van Ronk 141) Introduction1 As a member of the so-called Woodstock Generation, I am aware of the potential pitfalls of writing about this period. As Dave Van Ronk points out in his quote from Merry Prankster Wavy Gravy (Hugh Romney), memories of those times tend to be hazy. On the other hand, research on memory has shown that there is a “reminiscence bump,” that is “people tend to remember disproportionately more events from the period between their adolescence and early adulthood” (Foster 64). In any case, it is clear that memory, whether it is individual and collective, reconstructs past experience, and that my own experience of the era has inevitably flavored the content of this article, making it impossible to aspire completely to the traditional ideals of scholarly distance and detachment. Future generations of cultural analysts will no doubt reassess the Woodstock Years through different lenses. The name “Laura Nyro” may not ring a bell for many readers, as it did not for many of my students, colleagues and friends whom I have informally surveyed. This is understandable since, unlike other singer-songwriter icons of the period (e.g., Bob Dylan, Joni Mitchell, James Taylor), Nyro was never really in the mainstream, although her songs have often been covered by a broad spectrum of singers and bands in a remarkable variety of musical styles, sometimes achieving a fair amount of commercial success.
    [Show full text]
  • The 54Th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Child Neurology
    Brain & Development 34 (2012) 410–458 The 54th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Child Neurology May 17–19, 2012 Royton Sapporo, Japan PROGRAM http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.braindev.2012.03.002 The 54th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Child Neurology / Brain & Development 34 (2012) 410–458 411 Presidential Lecture Novel therapies for pediatric neurological diseases: overview of the 54th Anual Meeting of Japanese Society of Child Neurology Tadashi Ariga* (Japan) *Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan Special Lecture Receiving the Nobel Prize in Chemistry Akira Suzuki* (Japan) *Professor Emeritus, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan Invited Lecture AAV-mediated gene therapy for lysosomal storage diseases with neurological features Miguel Sena-Esteves (USA) *Department of Neurology and Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA [ Theme 1 ] Road to the future of regenerative medicine in child neurology Keynote Lecture Modelling the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative and neuro-developmental diseases using iPS cell thechnology Hideyuki Okano* (Japan) *Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Symposium : Regenerative medicine using iPS cells; is it a future therapy for pediatric neurological disorders? Chairs : Yukitoshi Takahashi1, Shinji Saitoh2 (Japan) 1National Epilepsy Center, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, Shizuoka, Japan 2Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology,
    [Show full text]
  • Proxy Voting Record Reporting Period: July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020
    CI WisdomTree Japan Equity Index ETF Annual Report of Proxy Voting Record Reporting Period: July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020 Satori Electric Co., Ltd. Meeting Date: 08/22/2019 Country: Japan Primary Security ID: J69736106 Record Date: 05/31/2019 Meeting Type: Annual Ticker: 7420 Shares Voted: 800 Vote Proposal Text Proponent Mgmt Rec Instruction Elect Director Satori, Hiroyuki Mgmt For For Elect Director Ueda, Kazutoshi Mgmt For For Elect Director Obara, Naoki Mgmt For For Elect Director Aoki, Yasushi Mgmt For For Elect Director Sato, Akihiko Mgmt For For Elect Director Fukuda, Shuichi Mgmt For For Elect Director Shimomura, Sadahiro Mgmt For For Elect Director Tawada, Hidetoshi Mgmt For For Elect Director Iwanami, Toshimitsu Mgmt For For Appoint Statutory Auditor Mogi, Masaki Mgmt For For Appoint Statutory Auditor Sato, Shinichi Mgmt For Against Appoint Alternate Statutory Auditor Suzuki, Mgmt For For Takahiro Appoint Alternate Statutory Auditor Yoshimasu, Mgmt For For Yuji Ai Holdings Corp. Meeting Date: 09/26/2019 Country: Japan Primary Security ID: J0060P101 Record Date: 06/30/2019 Meeting Type: Annual Ticker: 3076 Shares Voted: 100 Vote Proposal Text Proponent Mgmt Rec Instruction Approve Allocation of Income, with a Final Mgmt For For Dividend of JPY 20 CI WisdomTree Japan Equity Index ETF Proxy Voting Record | July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020 Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. Meeting Date: 09/26/2019 Country: Japan Primary Security ID: J34770107 Record Date: 06/30/2019 Meeting Type: Annual Ticker: 1954 Shares Voted: 100 Vote Proposal Text Proponent
    [Show full text]
  • Nihontō Compendium
    Markus Sesko NIHONTŌ COMPENDIUM © 2015 Markus Sesko – 1 – Contents Characters used in sword signatures 3 The nengō Eras 39 The Chinese Sexagenary cycle and the corresponding years 45 The old Lunar Months 51 Other terms that can be found in datings 55 The Provinces along the Main Roads 57 Map of the old provinces of Japan 59 Sayagaki, hakogaki, and origami signatures 60 List of wazamono 70 List of honorary title bearing swordsmiths 75 – 2 – CHARACTERS USED IN SWORD SIGNATURES The following is a list of many characters you will find on a Japanese sword. The list does not contain every Japanese (on-yomi, 音読み) or Sino-Japanese (kun-yomi, 訓読み) reading of a character as its main focus is, as indicated, on sword context. Sorting takes place by the number of strokes and four different grades of cursive writing are presented. Voiced readings are pointed out in brackets. Uncommon readings that were chosen by a smith for a certain character are quoted in italics. 1 Stroke 一 一 一 一 Ichi, (voiced) Itt, Iss, Ipp, Kazu 乙 乙 乙 乙 Oto 2 Strokes 人 人 人 人 Hito 入 入 入 入 Iri, Nyū 卜 卜 卜 卜 Boku 力 力 力 力 Chika 十 十 十 十 Jū, Michi, Mitsu 刀 刀 刀 刀 Tō 又 又 又 又 Mata 八 八 八 八 Hachi – 3 – 3 Strokes 三 三 三 三 Mitsu, San 工 工 工 工 Kō 口 口 口 口 Aki 久 久 久 久 Hisa, Kyū, Ku 山 山 山 山 Yama, Taka 氏 氏 氏 氏 Uji 円 円 円 円 Maru, En, Kazu (unsimplified 圓 13 str.) 也 也 也 也 Nari 之 之 之 之 Yuki, Kore 大 大 大 大 Ō, Dai, Hiro 小 小 小 小 Ko 上 上 上 上 Kami, Taka, Jō 下 下 下 下 Shimo, Shita, Moto 丸 丸 丸 丸 Maru 女 女 女 女 Yoshi, Taka 及 及 及 及 Chika 子 子 子 子 Shi 千 千 千 千 Sen, Kazu, Chi 才 才 才 才 Toshi 与 与 与 与 Yo (unsimplified 與 13
    [Show full text]
  • Over 85 New Items!
    PRSRT STD U.S. Postage P.O. Box 15388 Seattle, WA 98115 PAID www.gaelsong.com GaelSong customer number key code OVER 85 NEW ITEMS! NEW! Secret Knowledge u In the alchemist’s study, a skull sits atop a stack of books. What arcane knowledge do they hold? Lift the top Zipper Detail volume to reveal a hidden space for your secret treasure! Bronze-finished resin with handpainted touches of subtle color. 4½" tall x 4¾" wide, storage space is 2 x 3¼ x 1½". D24009 Skull and Books $40 Trinket Box Printed in USA on recycled paper (minimum post-consumer 10% waste). NEW! EssentiAl philoSophy u The Tree of Life illustrates the interconnectedness of all things—above and below, plants, animals and all beings. Welsh artist Jen Delyth’s depiction of this essential philosophy will inspire your thoughts in this Ivory Charcoal Marled Blue journal. Intricately-tooled green leather cover depicts the Tree of Life surrounded A little Zip to your life by branching knotwork. The classic texture of Irish knitting has fun in this zip-front Hand-laced leather binding hoodie cardigan. Warm and comfortable as a sweatshirt, but holds handmade paper pages. far more stylish, it sports a trinity-knot zipper pull for a final 300 pages; 5" x 7". Irish touch. In Green, Ivory, Charcoal or Marled Blue. Soft C14007 Tree of Life Leather Journal $50 100% merino wool, hand wash. Sizes S-XL. Made in Ireland. Celebrating the Celtic Imagination $ A20025 Women's Hoodie Zip Sweater 160 early autumn 2012 t age oF romance Magically transport yourself to a time of adventures and castles, sorcery and spell- casting, romance and chivalry.
    [Show full text]
  • The Christian Year in Review Significant Events of 1994
    The Christian Year in Review Significant Events of 1994 Brendan Kelleher, SVD JANUARY 1 Pope John Paul II issues an Apostolic Letter Sociarium Scientarium formally estab­ lishing the Papal Academy for the Social Sciences. Among the social scientists from around the world appointed to the Academy are two Japanese, Murakami Yoichiro (Tokyo University) and Nojiri Taketoshi (Osaka Gakuin University.) 5 The Tokyo District of the Salvation Army announces the results of its Community Chest collection which was held over the holiday season. Down a further uS$30,000 from the previous year, the total collected came to $287,000. (Note: While the rel­ ative strength of the yen over against the dollar sees only a drop of $3,000 compared to last year's figures, when converted to dollars, the real value of the drop is near­ er to the figure given.) 11-21 As a follow-up to NICE I and NICE II, the Structural Reorganization Team of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Japan, under the leadership of Bishop Mori Kazuhiro (Auxiliary Bishop of Tokyo), visited France and Germany to study meth­ ods and programs for the ongoing formation of the laity. 15 A NICE Young People's Network is formed as a follow-up to NICE II which had been criticized by many young people attending as delegates. Delegates from across the country gathered at the meeting at which the Network was formally launched. 13-16 Some 130,000 people gathered at Tokyo Dome during the four nights of the Billy Graham Tokyo International Revival. Some 1,120 Christian churches from across the country cooperated in the preparations for the revival at which some 12,000 signed pledge cards committing themselves to Jesus Christ.
    [Show full text]
  • Zen War Stories
    ZEN WAR STORIES Following the critically acclaimed Zen at War (1997), Brian Daizen Victoria here explores the intimate relationship between Japanese institutional Buddhism and militarism during the Second World War. Victoria reveals for the first time, through examination of the wartime writings of the Japanese military itself, that the Zen school’s view of life and death was deliberately incorporated into the military’s programme of ‘spiritual education’ in order to develop a fanatical military spirit in both soldiers and civilians. Furthermore, it is shown that D. T. Suzuki, the most famous exponent of Zen in the West, was a wartime proponent of this Zen-inspired viewpoint which enabled Japanese soldiers to leave for the battlefield already resigned to death. Victoria takes us on to the naval battlefield in the company of warrior-monk and Rinzai Zen Master Nakajima Genjō. We view the war in China through the eyes of a Buddhist military chaplain. The book also examines the relationship to Buddhism of Japan’s seven class-A war criminals, hung by the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal in 1948. A highly controversial study, this book will be of interest not only to those studying the history of the period, but also to anyone concerned with the perennial question of the ‘proper’ relationship between religion and state. Brian Daizen Victoria is a Senior Lecturer at the Centre for Asian Studies, the University of Adelaide. THE ROUTLEDGECURZON CRITICAL STUDIES IN BUDDHISM SERIES General Editors: Charles S. Prebish and Damien Keown The RoutledgeCurzon Critical Studies in Buddhism Series is a comprehensive study of the Buddhist tradition.
    [Show full text]
  • Aa 2010/2011
    Dottorato di ricerca in Lingue, Culture e Società Scuola di Dottorato in Lingue, Culture e Società XXVI Ciclo (A.A. 2010/2011―A.A. 2012/2013) The termination of the Ryukyuan embassies to Edo: an investigation of the bakumatsu period through the lens of a tripartite power relationship and its world SETTORE SCIENTIFICO DISCIPLINARE DI AFFERENZA:[L-OR/23] Tesi di Dottorato di Tinello Marco, 955866 Coordinatore del Dottorato Tutore del Dottorando Prof. SQUARCINI Federico Prof. CAROLI Rosa Co-tutore del Dottorando Prof. SMITS Gregory 1 Table of Contents Acknowledgements 6 Introduction Chapter 1-The Ryukyuan embassies to Edo: history of a three partners’ power relation in the context of the taikun diplomacy 31 1.1. Foundation of the taikun diplomacy and the beginning of the Ryukyuan embassies 34 1.2. The Ryukyuan embassies of the Hōei and Shōtoku eras 63 1.3. Ryukyuan embassies in the nineteenth century 90 Chapter 2-Changes in East Asia and Ryukyu in the first half of the nineteenth century: counter-measures of Shuri, Kagoshima and Edo to the pressures on Ryukyu by the Western powers 117 2.1. Western powers in Ryukyu after the Opium War and the Treaty of Nanjing 119 2.2. Countermeasures of the Shuri government to the Gaikantorai jiken 137 2.3. Countermeasures of Kagoshima and Edo after the arrival of Westerners in Ryukyu 152 Chapter 3-Responses of Edo, Kagoshima and Shuri to the conclusion of international treaties: were Ryukyuan embassies compatible with the stipulations of the treaties? 177 3.1. Responses of Edo and Kagoshima to the Ansei Treaties 179 3.2.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSAL MUSIC • Paul Mccartney – New • Mary J Blige – a Mary
    Paul McCartney – New Mary J Blige – A Mary Christmas Luciano Pavarotti – The 50 Greatest Tracks New Releases From Classics And Jazz Inside!!! And more… UNI13-42 “Our assets on-line” UNIVERSAL MUSIC 2450 Victoria Park Ave., Suite 1, Willowdale, Ontario M2J 5H3 Phone: (416) 718.4000 Artwork shown may not be final UNIVERSAL MUSIC CANADA NEW RELEASE Artist/Title: KATY PERRY / PRISM Bar Code: Cat. #: B001921602 Price Code: SPS Order Due: Release Date: October 22, 2013 File: POP Genre Code: 33 Box Lot: 6 02537 53232 2 Key Tracks: ROAR ROAR Artist/Title: KATY PERRY / PRISM (DELUXE) Bar Code: Cat. #: B001921502 Price Code: AV Order Due: October 22, 2013 Release Date: October 22, 2013 6 02537 53233 9 File: POP Genre Code: 33 Box Lot: Key Tracks: ROAR Artist/Title: KATY PERRY / PRISM (VINYL) Bar Code: Cat. #: B001921401 Price Code: FB Order Due: October 22, 2013 Release Date: October 22, 2013 6 02537 53234 6 File: POP Genre Code: 33 Box Lot: Key Tracks: Vinyl is one way sale ROAR Project Overview: With global sales of over 10 million albums and 71 million digital singles, Katy Perry returns with her third studio album for Capitol Records: PRISM. Katy’s previous release garnered 8 #1 singles from one album (TEENAGE DREAM). She also holds the title for the longest stay in the Top Ten of Billboard’s Hot 100 – 66 weeks – shattering a 20‐year record. Katy Perry is the most‐followed female artist on Twitter, and has the second‐largest Twitter account in the world, with over 41 million followers.
    [Show full text]
  • Creating Heresy: (Mis)Representation, Fabrication, and the Tachikawa-Ryū
    Creating Heresy: (Mis)representation, Fabrication, and the Tachikawa-ryū Takuya Hino Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2012 © 2012 Takuya Hino All rights reserved ABSTRACT Creating Heresy: (Mis)representation, Fabrication, and the Tachikawa-ryū Takuya Hino In this dissertation I provide a detailed analysis of the role played by the Tachikawa-ryū in the development of Japanese esoteric Buddhist doctrine during the medieval period (900-1200). In doing so, I seek to challenge currently held, inaccurate views of the role played by this tradition in the history of Japanese esoteric Buddhism and Japanese religion more generally. The Tachikawa-ryū, which has yet to receive sustained attention in English-language scholarship, began in the twelfth century and later came to be denounced as heretical by mainstream Buddhist institutions. The project will be divided into four sections: three of these will each focus on a different chronological stage in the development of the Tachikawa-ryū, while the introduction will address the portrayal of this tradition in twentieth-century scholarship. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Abbreviations……………………………………………………………………………...ii Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………………iii Dedication……………………………………………………………………………….………..vi Preface…………………………………………………………………………………………...vii Introduction………………………………………………………………………….…………….1 Chapter 1: Genealogy of a Divination Transmission……………………………………….……40 Chapter
    [Show full text]
  • Shugendo Art1
    Japanese Journal o f Religious Studies 1989 16/2-3 Shugendo Art1 S a w a Ryuken 佐和隆研 Introduction The Japanese cult of sacred mountains began in prehistory, con­ tinued on into historical times, then mingled with other religions, especially Buddhism. Such interactions produced distinct cultic forms, some of which survive even today. Important examples of such dis­ tinctive cults include Omine, Haguro, Haku-san，and Kumano, all of which were religiously significant throughout Japan. Other, related cults, of more local interest，existed in every region of the country, and each likewise had its own identity. For example，most temples on the “Thirty-Three Kannons of the Kansai” pilgrimage circuit developed from sacred mountain cults. The survival of such cults, thanks to popular support，suggests that the cultural complex which nurtured them was no simple one. Tms complex encouraged the emergence not only of art connected with religious rites, but of various performing arts which deeply penetrated the lives of country people. Among the rituals and per­ forming arts which live on here and there in Japan, many are clearly related to the old mountain cults. In fact, no treatment of regional culture can afford to ignore the role played by local yamabushi. Let us review in this light the art which developed from the cults of sacred mountains. 1 Translated and edited from the Japanese. See Sa w a 1975. 196 Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 16/2-3 Images of Zao Gongen 蔵王権現 and En no Gydja 役行者 The founder of Japanese mountain religion is always said to be En no Gyoja, who was active above all in the Omine 大峯 mountains.
    [Show full text]