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First International Four Seas Conference
CERN 97-06 31 July 1997 XC98FK266 ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE POUR LA RECHERCHE NUCLEAIRE CERN EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH FIRST INTERNATIONAL FOUR SEAS CONFERENCE Trieste, Italy 26 June-1 July 1995 PROCEEDINGS Editors: A.K. Gougas, Y. Lemoigne, M. Pepe-Altarelli, P. Petroff, C.E. Wulz GENEVA 1997 CERN-Service d'information scientifique-RD/975-200O-juiUet 1997 d) Copyright CKRN, Genève. IW7 Propriété littéraire et si'icnlirii|iic réservée Literary and scientific copyrights reserved in all pour tous les pays du monde. Ce document ne countries of the world. This report, or any part peut être reproduit ou traduit en tout ou en of it, may not be reprinted or translated partie sans l'autorisation écrite du Directeur without written permission of the copyright général du CHRN. titulaire du droit d'auteur. holder, the l)irector-(ieneral of CHRN. Dans les cas appropriés, et s'il s'agit d'utiliser However, permission will he freely granted for le document à des lins non commerciales, cette appropriate noncommercial use. autorisation sera volontiers accordée. II any patentable invention or registrable design l.c CHRN ne revendique pas la propriété des is described in the report, (T!RN makes no inventions hrevclablcs et dessins ou modèles claim to properly rights in it but offers it for the susceptibles de dépôt qui pourraient être free use of research institutions, manu- décrits dans le présent document; ceux-ci peu- facturers and others. CHRN, however, may vent être librement utilisés par les instituts de oppose any attempt by a user to claim any recherche, les industriels et autres intéressés. -
The WISP Paradigm
The WISP Paradigm Javier Redondo Max Planck Institut (Werner Heisenberg Institut) Munich MPI 14/12/2009 Hidden Sectors in PBSM Extensions of SM often include Hidden Sectors Fields coupled to SM only through gravity or high energy “messenger” fields... This is the case in string theory (compactifications produce many particles, new gauge symmetries, and KKs) Desirable for SUSY Also in GUT theories... Massive Messengers Standard Model Hidden Sector e−, ν, q, γ, W ±, Z, g...H a, γ, ψMCP... Hidden Sectors can be quite complicated we certainly don’t know! Hidden Sector BIG guys Light guys (live in the mountains) (mass is protected by a symmetry) Goldstone Chiral Bosons fermions Gauge and more... Bosons hard to detect; not only as hidden they have suppressed interactions but as hidden, also heavy! light they have no thresholds and they can have maybe at LHC or ILC... coherent forces Let symmetry be our guide ! Hidden Sectors can be quite complicated we certainly don’t know! Hidden Sector BIG guys Light guys (live in the mountains) (mass is protected by a symmetry) Goldstone Chiral Bosons WISPsfermions (very) weakly interacting sub-eV Particles Gauge and more... Bosons hard to detect; not only as hidden they have suppressed interactions but as hidden, also heavy! light they have no thresholds and they can have maybe at LHC or ILC... coherent forces Let symmetry be our guide ! Axion-like-Particles and Axions 1 µν Axions are GB of a color anomalous U(1) Tr Gµν G a 4fa { } The color anomalous term creates a potential with CP conserving minimum Solution to Strong CP which gives the axion a mass m f 10 10GeV 1 m π π 0.6 meV − − . -
Detection of Geoneutrinos: Can We Make the Gnus Work For
Detection of Geoneutrinos: Can We Make the Gnus Work for Us? John G. Learned Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2505 Correa Road, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA The detection of electron anti-neutrinos from natural radioactivity in the earth has been a goal of neutrino researchers for about half a century[21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26]. It was accomplished by the KamLAND Collaboration in 2005[27], and opens the way towards studies of the Earth’s radioactive content, with very important implications for geology. New detectors are operating (KamLAND[3] and Borexino[2]), building (SNO+[4]) and being proposed (Hanohano, LENA, Earth and others) that will go beyond the initial observation and allow interesting geophysical and geochemical re- search, in a means not otherwise possible. Herein we describe the approaches being taken (large liquid scintillation instruments), the experimental and technical challenges (optical detectors, direc- tionality), and prospects for growth of this field. There is related spinoff in particle physics (neutrino oscillations and hierarchy determination), astrophysics (solar neutrinos, supernovae, exotica), and in the practical matter of remote monitoring of nuclear reactors. PACS numbers: I. INTRODUCTION: GEONEUTRINO STUDIES tivity required demands employment of expensive liquid STARTED scintillators in order to produce significant light (yielding 30-50 times that from a Cherenkov detector) and further, The preceding paper, “Why Geoneutrinos are almost all neutrino directionality is lost. Further, delicate Interesting”[1], really sets the stage for this contribu- care must be taken for radiopurity, now well understood tion to NU2008. McDonough explains that the flux of but not easy. geoneutrinos coming mainly from the natural radioactive The process employed for detection of the anti- decay chains of Uranium and Thorium from throughout neutrinos is the inverse beta decay, used by researchers the earth, serves as a tag for the abundance and loca- since the initial observations of these neutrinos by Cowan tion of these rare isotopes. -
Axions & Wisps
FACULTY OF SCIENCE AXIONS & WISPS STEPHEN PARKER 2nd Joint CoEPP-CAASTRO Workshop September 28 – 30, 2014 Great Western, Victoria 2 Talk Outline • Frequency & Quantum Metrology Group at UWA • Basic background / theory for axions and hidden sector photons • Photon-based experimental searches + bounds • Focus on resonant cavity “Haloscope” experiments for CDM axions • Work at UWA: Past, Present, Future A Few Useful Review Articles: J.E. Kim & G. Carosi, Axions and the strong CP problem, Rev. Mod. Phys., 82(1), 557 – 601, 2010. M. Kuster et al. (Eds.), Axions: Theory, Cosmology, and Experimental Searches, Lect. Notes Phys. 741 (Springer), 2008. P. Arias et al., WISPy Cold Dark Matter, arXiv:1201.5902, 2012. [email protected] The University of Western Australia 3 Frequency & Quantum Metrology Research Group ~ 3 staff, 6 postdocs, 8 students Hosts node of ARC CoE EQuS Many areas of research from fundamental to applied: Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillator Tests of Lorentz Symmetry & fundamental constants Ytterbium Lattice Clock for ACES mission Material characterization Frequency sources, synthesis, measurement Low noise microwaves + millimetrewaves …and lab based searches for WISPs! Core WISP team: Stephen Parker, Ben McAllister, Eugene Ivanov, Mike Tobar [email protected] The University of Western Australia 4 Axions, ALPs and WISPs Weakly Interacting Slim Particles Axion Like Particles Slim = sub-eV Origins in particle physics (see: strong CP problem, extensions to Standard Model) but become pretty handy elsewhere WISPs Can be formulated as: Dark Matter (i.e. Axions, hidden photons) ALPs Dark Energy (i.e. Chameleons) Low energy scale dictates experimental approach Axions WISP searches are complementary to WIMP searches [email protected] The University of Western Australia 5 The Axion – Origins in Particle Physics CP violating term in QCD Lagrangian implies neutron electric dipole moment: But measurements place constraint: Why is the neutron electric dipole moment (and thus θ) so small? This is the Strong CP Problem. -
Rare Event Physics WG1
Rare event physics WG1 Our ambitious mission : ● Show the state of the art of the physics of rare events ● Cover for both experimental and theoretical aspects ● Provide hints for the exploration of next generation experiments (link with WG5) ● Provide a guideline for experimental and technological efforts, like constraints for low cosmo- and radio-purity techniques(WG2), for detection methods (WG3) and analysis tools (WG4) ● Being inclusive to any other scientific field that would profit of deep underground sites Christine Marquet, CENBG Mariangela Settimo, Subatech May 31, 2021 - visioconference Luca Scotto Lavina, LPNHE Two major axes 1. Dark Matter WG1 We will keep a particular eye on direct search of dark matter : ● Scoping the whole zoology of models (WIMP, WISP, axions, …), nucleo- or lepto-philic ● Exploring a wide (and experimentally accessible) range of masses/energies ( >GeV, sub-GeV, down to μeV) ● Looking for any trace of daily and seasonal modulation ● Using a plethora of targets and combinations of energy losses ● Complementarity with colliders (new particles) and indirect evidences (annihilation) Christine Marquet, CENBG Mariangela Settimo, Subatech May 31, 2021 - visioconference Luca Scotto Lavina, LPNHE Two major axes 2. Neutrinoless double beta decay WG1 We will keep an eye on the search for the intimate nature of neutrinos : ● Nature of neutrino (Majorana/Dirac) ● Fixing the neutrino mass scale and possible mass scenarii ● Proof of a lepton number violation ● Neutrino hierarchy ● Impact on baryon asymmetry of the Universe -
The International Axion Observatory IAXO
Letter of Intent to the CERN SPSC The International Axion Observatory IAXO IAXO Collaboration August 7, 2013 CERN-SPSC-2013-022 / SPSC-I-242 08/08/2013 Version: 1.0 IAXO The International Axion Observatory Letter of Intent Date: August 7, 2013 Page 3 of 80 Letter of Intent to the CERN SPSC The International Axion Observatory IAXO E. Armengaud1, F. T. Avignone2, M. Betz3, P. Brax4, P. Brun1, G. Cantatore5, J. M. Carmona6, G. P. Carosi7, F. Caspers3, S. Caspi8, S. A. Cetin9, D. Chelouche10, F. E. Christensen11, A. Dael1, T. Dafni6, M. Davenport3, A.V. Derbin12, K. Desch13, A. Diago6, B. Dobrich¨ 14, I. Dratchnev12, A. Dudarev3, C. Eleftheriadis15, G. Fanourakis16, E. Ferrer-Ribas1, J. Galan´ 1, J. A. Garc´ıa6, J. G. Garza6, T. Geralis16, B. Gimeno17, I. Giomataris1, S. Gninenko18, H. Gomez´ 6, D. Gonzalez-D´ ´ıaz6, E. Guendelman19, C. J. Hailey20, T. Hiramatsu21, D. H. H. Hoffmann22, D. Horns23, F. J. Iguaz6, I. G. Irastorza6;∗, J. Isern24, K. Imai25, A. C. Jakobsen11, J. Jaeckel26, K. Jakovciˇ c´27, J. Kaminski13, M. Kawasaki28, M. Karuza29, M. Krcmarˇ 27, K. Kousouris3, C. Krieger13, B. Lakic´27, O. Limousin1, A. Lindner14, A. Liolios15, G. Luzon´ 6, S. Matsuki30, V. N. Muratova12, C. Nones1, I. Ortega6, T. Papaevangelou1, M. J. Pivovaroff7, G. Raffelt31, J. Redondo31, A. Ringwald14, S. Russenschuck3, J. Ruz7, K. Saikawa32, I. Savvidis15, T. Sekiguchi28, Y. K. Semertzidis33, I. Shilon3, P. Sikivie34, H. Silva3, H. ten Kate3, A. Tomas6, S. Troitsky18, T. Vafeiadis3, K. van Bibber35, P. Vedrine1, J. A. Villar6, J. K. Vogel7, L. Walckiers3, A. -
WISP Dark Matter Theory
WISP Dark Matter Theory. Andreas Ringwald (DESY) Latest Results in Dark Matter Searches Stockholm, Sweden 12-14 May 2014 Introduction > Plenty of dark matter (DM) candi- dates spanning huge parameter range in masses and couplings > Two classes stand out because of their convincing physics case and the variety of experimental and observational probes: § Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), such as neutralinos § Very Weakly Interacting Slim (=ultra- light) Particles (WISPs), such as axions, axion-like particles and hidden photons [Kim,Carosi `10] Andreas Ringwald | WISP Dark Matter Theory, Latest Results in Dark Matter Searches, Stockholm, 12-14 May 2014 | Page 2 Theoretically favored WISP candidates > Pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons: § “Axion-Like Particles” (ALPs) arising from breaking of global U(1) symmetries at high energy scale f a ; angular part of complex SM singlet Higgs-like field • Low energy effective field theory has shift symmetry a ( x ) a ( x ) + const . , forbidding 2 2 explicit mass terms, m a a ( x ) , in the Lagrangian ! • Effective couplings to/ SM particles suppressed by powers of high energy scale f a , e.g. coupling to photons, ↵ a C F F˜µ⌫ aγ µ⌫ L ⊃−8⇡ fa • Examples: • Axion from breaking of global chiral symmetry; axion field acts as dynamical theta parameter, [Peccei,Quinn 77; Weinberg 78; Wilczek 78] spontaneously relaxing to zero, (thus CP conserved in strong interactions) • mass due to chiral symmetry breaking, • Majoron from breaking of global lepton number symmetry [Chikashige et al. 78] • high scale -
The Many Faces of the Inflaton Field
The many faces of the inflaton field Tommi Tenkanen in collaboration with T. Alanne, F. Sannino, K. Tuominen, and V. Vaskonen Queen Mary University of London Talk based on arXiv: 1606.06063, 1607.01379, 1611.04932 University of Helsinki 8/3/2017 E-mail: [email protected] Tommi Tenkanen The many faces of the inflaton field 8/3/2017 1 / 30 Open problems in cosmology Tommi Tenkanen The many faces of the inflaton field 8/3/2017 2 / 30 Evidence for Dark Matter Great deal of evidence for the existence of dark matter: rotational velocity curves of galaxies, Bullet Cluster1, acoustic peaks in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation spectrum... Still the nature of dark matter is unknown 1 Image: Chandra X-ray Observatory Tommi Tenkanen The many faces of the inflaton field 8/3/2017 3 / 30 What is Dark Matter? What is the correct explanation for the invisible matter content observed in the universe? Does the dark matter particle exist? Or are there many dark matter particles? Are they WIMP’s, FIMP’s, SIMP’s, GIMP’s, PIDM’s, WISP’s, ALP’s, Wimpzillas, or sterile neutrinos? Or should gravity be modified? How can we tell which model is the correct one (if any)? Tommi Tenkanen The many faces of the inflaton field 8/3/2017 4 / 30 Search for Dark Matter Many on-going experiments exist2 Yet no conclusive detection. 2 Original image: Max-Planck-Institut Für Kernphysik Tommi Tenkanen The many faces of the inflaton field 8/3/2017 5 / 30 Matter–antimatter asymmetry Why is there more matter than antimatter? How and at what point in the history of the universe was this asymmetry generated? Electroweak baryogenesis remains as a viable candidate for explaining the origin of this asymmetry. -
History of High-Energy Neutrino Astronomy
History of high-energy neutrino astronomy C. Spiering DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany This talk sketches the main milestones of the path towards cubic kilometer neutrino telescopes. It starts with the first conceptual ideas in the late 1950s and describes the emergence of concepts for detectors with a realistic discovery potential in the 1970s and 1980s. After the pioneering project DUMAND close to Hawaii was terminated in 1995, the further development was carried by NT200 in Lake Baikal, AMANDA at the South Pole and ANTARES in the Mediterranean Sea. In 2013, more than half a century after the first concepts, IceCube has discovered extraterrestrial high-energy neutrinos and opened a new observational window to the cosmos { marking a milestone along a journey which is far from being finished. 1 From first concepts to the detection of atmospheric neutrinos The initial idea of neutrino astronomy beyond the solar system rested on two arguments: The first was the expectation that a supernova stellar collapse in our galaxy would be accompanied by an enormous burst of neutrinos in the 5-10 MeV range. The second was the expectation that fast rotating pulsars must accelerate charged particles in their Tera-Gauss magnetic fields. Either in the source or on their way to Earth they must hit matter, generate pions and neutrinos as decay products of the pions. The first ideas to detect cosmic high energy neutrinos underground or underwater date back to the late fifties (see 1 for a detailed history of cosmic neutrino detectors). In the 1960 Annual Review of Nuclear Science, K. -
Wisp Unification Theory Particles of Nothingness
WISP UNIFICATION THEORY PARTICLES OF NOTHINGNESS KEVIN HARKESS Wisp Unification Theory Particles of Nothingness Kevin Harkess BSc (Hons) HR Harkess Research 95 Sibelius Close Basingstoke Hampshire RG22 4HX England. First published in 2003 by Harkess Research 95 Sibelius Close, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG22 4HX. Reprinted 2011 (with revisions). Copyright © Kevin Harkess 2002 Kevin Harkess has asserted his right under the Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988 to be identified as author of this work. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, (other than short extracts for the purpose of review) or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher and copyright holder. The material contained in this CD-ROM eBook is set out in good faith for the development of new scientific theories and no liability can be accepted for the loss or expense incurred as a result of relying in particular circumstances on statements made in it. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 0-9543694-0-8 (eBook CD-ROM) ISBN 0-9543694-1-6 (paperback) Design and origination by Kevin Harkess Illustrations by Kim Albinson and Kevin Harkess Front cover illustration by Paul Privitera Printed in Great Britain by Harkess Research Dedication To Dawn, Michael and Bethany CONTENTS Introduction . .xiii 1 Matter, Space and Time . .1 1.1 Basic understanding . .1 1.1.1 – Matter . .1 1.1.2 – Space . .1 1.1.3 – Time . .1 1.1.4 – Perception of reality . -
Characterizing the Diffuse Neutrino Flux with the Future Km3net/ARCA
Characterizing the diffuse neutrino flux with the future KM3NeT/ARCA detector Charakterisierung des diffusen Neutrinoflusses mit dem zukunftigen¨ KM3NeT/ARCA-Neutrinoteleskop Der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultat¨ der Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat¨ Erlangen-Nurnberg¨ zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades Dr. rer. nat. vorgelegt von Thomas Gerhard Georg Heid aus Roth Als Dissertation genehmigt von der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultat¨ der Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat¨ Erlangen-Nurnberg¨ Tag der mundlichen¨ Prufung:¨ 13.12.2018 Vorsitzender des Promotionsorgans: Prof. Dr. Georg Kreimer Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Gisela Anton Dr. Paschal Coyle Contents 1 Introduction 6 2 Neutrino physics8 2.1 Neutrino properties...................................8 2.2 Neutrino production...................................8 2.2.1 Neutrinos from astrophysical sources.....................9 2.2.2 Neutrinos produced in the Earth’s atmosphere................. 11 2.3 Neutrino Oscillation................................... 12 2.4 Neutrino interaction................................... 13 2.4.1 Interactions of neutrinos of all kinds of flavor in the neutral current..... 15 2.4.2 Interaction of νe in the charged current..................... 15 2.4.3 Interaction of νµ in the charged current..................... 15 2.4.4 Interactions of ντ in the charged current.................... 16 3 KM3NeT: A worker for neutrino astronomy 18 3.1 KM3NeT........................................ 18 3.2 Future prospects of neutrino astronomy........................ 20 4 Detector Simulation 21 5 Atmospheric -
Arxiv:1604.07677V2 [Astro-Ph.SR] 10 Jun 2016 Section of Astro-Geophysics, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece, [email protected]
Solar Physics DOI: 10.1007/•••••-•••-•••-••••-• Interplanetary Type IV Bursts A. Hillaris1, C. Bouratzis1, A. Nindos2 c Springer •••• Abstract We study the characteristics of moving type IV radio bursts which ex- tend to the hectometric wavelengths (interplanetary type IV or type IVIP bursts) and their relationship with energetic phenomena on the Sun. Our dataset com- prises 48 interplanetary type IV bursts observed with the Radio and Plasma Wave Investigation (WAVES) instrument onboard Wind in the 13.825 MHz–20 kHz frequency range. The dynamic spectra of the Radio Solar Telescope Net- work (RSTN), the Nançay Decametric Array (DAM), the Appareil de Routine pour le Traitement et l’ Enregistrement Magnetique de l’ Information Spectral (ARTEMIS-IV), the Culgoora, Hiraiso and Izmiran Radio Spectrographs were used to track the evolution of the events in the low corona. These were sup- plemented with soft X-ray (SXR) flux-measurements from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) and coronal mass ejections (CME) data from the Large Angle and Spectroscopic Coronagraph (LASCO) onboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). Positional information of the coronal bursts was obtained by the Nançay radioheliograph (NRH). We examined the relationship of the type IV events with coronal radio bursts, CMEs and SXR flares. The majority of the events (45) were characterized as compact; their duration was on average 106 minutes. This type of events was, mostly, associated with M- and X-class flares (40 out of 45) and fast CMEs; 32 of these events had CMEs faster than 1000 km s−1. Furthermore, in 43 compact events the CME was, possibly, subjected to reduced aerodynamic drag as it was propagating in the wake of a previous CME.