I-95/I-395 Transit/TDM Study Executive Summary

prepared for Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation prepared by KFH Group, Inc. and Cambridge Systematics, Inc. with LDA Consulting MCV Associates, Inc. PRR, Inc.

August 2017

I-95/I-395 Transit/TDM Study Executive Summary Study Overview

The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) plans to expand and convert the two existing reversible High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes in the I-395 corridor to three managed High Occupancy Toll (HOT), or Express lanes for approximately eight miles from just north of Edsall Road to just north of Eads Street near the Pentagon. Tolling of the new I-395 Express lanes will begin in 2019.

The purpose of the I-95/I-395 Transit/TDM Study is to identify a comprehensive, fiscally unconstrained, set of transit and Transportation Demand Management (TDM) investments on which future toll revenues from the I-395 Express lanes may be invested.

Potential investments include new and expanded bus and rail transit services, transit capital projects, commuter parking facilities, TDM program enhancements, and technology improvements that support transit and TDM – all with the intent of maximizing person throughput to support economic development and quality of life for communities along the corridor.

The study included three key phases:

 Project Background and Needs Assessment – This phase of the study laid the groundwork for developing strategies, conducting analysis, conversing with stakeholders and the public, and reaching consensus on recommendations;

 Planning and Analysis – This was an interactive phase, with multiple rounds of feedback between analysis and stakeholder review and comment; and

 Plan Development and Delivery – This phase developed the recommendations from the prior phase into real solutions that State, regional, and local partners can proceed with towards implementation.

The Project Team, working with the Key Stakeholder Group (KSG), defined a primary study area that extends from the southern terminus of the current I-95 Express Lanes in Stafford County (Garrisonville Road) north along I-395 terminating just north of Eads Street near the Pentagon at the Potomac River. The corridor is approximately five miles wide on either side, with the Potomac River forming the eastern boundary. The Study Area Map (Figure 1) is shown below.

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Figure 1 Study Area Map

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Existing Transit and TDM Services in Study Area

Table 1 below summarizes the existing transit services in the service area that are operated by seven transit systems and one private company. Six operators provide service that may use the I-95 or I-395 Express Lanes and serve work destinations within the study area inside the Beltway. Several of the transit systems also operate local bus routes that connect to Metrorail and VRE stations and/or to transit hubs, where commuters can transfer to services that directly use I-95 or I-395 thereby increasing person throughput in the corridor.

Table 1 Study Markets that Transit Operators Serve

Directly Utilizes I-95/I-395 Express Provides Travel Choices Lanes and Serves Work and Increases Person Provides Direct Access to Transit Operator Destinations Inside Beltway Throughput Services in Corridor ART    DASH    Fairfax Connector    FRED  

PRTC    VRE 

WMATA    Martz  

Source: Transit operator service maps as of June 2016.

The following is a description of Transportation Demand Management (TDM) programs in the study area. These programs comprise the existing TDM conditions for the I-95/I-395 Transit/TDM study area. TDM programs are detailed by the area in which the services are offered within the study corridor:

 Regional TDM Programs:  Fairfax County – Transportation Services − Commuter Connections; Group; − Guaranteed Ride Home; − Telework!VA;  Fredericksburg/Stafford – GWRideConnect; − Vanpool Alliance; and − AdVANtage Vanpool Insurance Pool; and  Prince William County – PRTC OmniMatch. − Capital Bikeshare;

 City of Alexandria – GO Alex;

 Arlington County – Arlington County Commuter Services;

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Process Objectives and Guiding Principles

The Project Team, working with the Key Stakeholder Group (KSG), developed a set of goals and guiding principles for identifying potential transit and TDM improvements. The overall goals for the transit and TDM improvements in the corridor were developed to be consistent with the overall goals of the I-395 Express Lanes project, with a particular focus on how transit and TDM improvements can improve travel in the corridor. The goals include:

1. Maximize person throughput, not vehicle throughput, in the project corridor; and

2. Implement multimodal improvements to:

− Improve mobility along the corridor;

− Support new, diverse travel choices; and

− Enhance transportation safety and travel reliability.

Another important early step in the alternatives definition process consisted of establishing a set of guidelines to serve as a framework for identifying and classifying improvements. The Project Team, working with the Key Stakeholder Group (KSG), developed the following guidelines:

1. Corridor/Study Area Definition;

2. Timeframe;

3. Types of Improvements; and

4. Potential Transit and TDM Recommendations.

Future Transit and TDM Improvements

Based on the goals and guidelines described in the previous section, the Project Team developed a summary list of transit projects recommended for inclusion in the evaluation phase (shown in Table 2 below). The table is organized by project location from north to south along the project study area (inside the beltway, outside the beltway to study area boundary, study boundary to Fredericksburg/ Spotsylvania, and corridor-wide).

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Table 2 Summary List of Transit Improvement Projects

Transit Originating Recommendation Area Type Project Overview Improve Frequency on Existing DASH Routes Increase Span and Improve Frequency on Existing ART Routes Improve Existing Increase Span and Extend Existing ART Route to Additional Destination Transit Services Improve Frequency on Existing WMATA Routes Extend Existing WMATA Routes to Additional Destinations Create New New WMATA Routes Connecting Activity Centers Commuter/Express Bus Routes New ART Route Connecting Activity Centers Inside Beltway Create New Feeder New DASH Circulators Services Convert Existing ART Service into Neighborhood Circulators New High Capacity New City of Alexandria BRT Transit WMATA Blue/Yellow Line Facility Improvements New Potomac Yard Metrorail Station Fixed Facility New/Expanded Bus Transit Centers (ART/WMATA, DASH) New/Expanded Bus Garages (DASH, WMATA) Improve Frequency on Existing Fairfax Connector Routes

Improve Existing Increase Span on Existing Fairfax Connector Route Transit Services Improve Frequency on Existing PRTC Routes Extend Existing PRTC Route to Additional Destination

Create New New Commuter Routes from Fairfax County to Pentagon Commuter/Express (Fairfax Connector or WMATA) Bus Routes New PRTC OmniRide Routes Outside Beltway Create New Feeder New Fairfax Connector Routes to Study Area Services Boundary New PRTC OmniLink Route High Capacity Transit Extension of Blue and Yellow Lines/ New High Capacity Richmond Highway Corridor Transit Route 7 BRT New Fairfax Connector Transit Center (Springfield) Improvements to Franconia-Springfield Metrorail Station Fixed Facility New PRTC Maintenance and Storage Facility Prince William County Additional Commuter Parking

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Transit Originating Recommendation Area Type Project Overview Create New New Express Routes from Fredericksburg/Massaponax to DC/Pentagon/ Commuter/Express Crystal City Bus Routes Study Boundary Create New Feeder New FRED Routes to VRE Stations to Services Fredericksburg/ New FRED Routes to Commuter Lots Spotsylvania Stafford County Additional Commuter Parking Fixed Facility Spotsylvania County Additional Commuter Parking New Multimodal Transit/TDM Hub in Spotsylvania Improve Capacity and Frequency on Existing VRE Routes Additional VRE Capacity and New VRE Service Serving Different Markets VRE Additional Storage Capacity Commuter Rail VRE Additional Commuter Parking Corridor-wide VRE Station Facility Improvements VRE Rail Infrastructure Improvements WMATA Metrorail 8-Car Trains Fixed Facility Commuter Bus Layover ITS Projects

Regarding TDM strategies recommended for the I-95/I-395 corridor for the near term (2019-2025), the Project Team recommends that jurisdictions continue activities and services in place in 2016, but with a growing emphasis on enhanced local access to public transit and vanpooling, and availability of real- time information regarding mode options. Over the longer term (2040), TDM strategies will expand further to support and encourage use of new transit options, expand vanpool/carpool options in the corridor, and develop additional information-based strategies. Implementation of many of these strategies involves coordination among commuter service organizations and/or involvement of private vendors to develop market-based transportation options. The recommended TDM strategies are:

 Marketing/outreach:  Flexible mode options: − Multifamily building outreach; − Flexible overlapping vanpool routes; − Targeted advertising (residential); and − Demand-response vanpool; and − Individual trip audits/traveler feedback. − Dynamic rideshare.

 Real-time information access:  Increased employer support: − Mode availability, travel time, P&R − Telework/alt work hours support; availability. − Ongoing corridor-specific financial incentives;  Enhanced access to existing modes: − Worksite parking fees; and − Corridor ridematching; and − Employer vanpool support. − Bikeshare at transit stations.

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 Priority HOV access to transportation  Shift balance of SOV/HOV cost and time: facilities: − “Try it”/ongoing HOV incentives; and − HOV parking garage/lot reservations; and − Corridor-specific vanpool assistance. − Casual carpool (slug) lot expansion. Evaluation Process and Criteria

For transit projects, two levels of evaluation were conducted: 1) a scenario-level evaluation; and 2) individual project-level evaluation that compared the relative performance of the transit and TDM improvements. The evaluation criteria for the scenario-level evaluation criteria include, Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) by Level of Congestion, Transit Person Miles Traveled, Mode Shares, and Transit Trips. The evaluation criteria for the project-level evaluation criteria include Ridership Potential, Transit Person Miles Traveled, Regional Accessibility, Equity, and Cost Effectiveness.

TDM strategies were evaluated and reductions in vehicle trips and vehicle miles traveled (VMT) were estimated for each individual strategy and each group of strategies using a variety of spreadsheet and off-model calculations. Impacts were estimated by projecting per commuter travel mode changes and applying these changes to the targeted population, such as all residents/workers in the corridor, or a subset of the population, such as residents who lived outside the Capital Beltway.

Project Evaluation Results

TRANSIT PROJECT EVALUATION RESULTS

Individual transit projects were given a rank for level for the following criteria: ridership potential, person miles traveled, accessibility, equity, and cost effectiveness. The Project Team also includes the capital and annual operating costs for individual transit projects. Table 3 below details the evaluation results for individual transit projects and provides an indication of the relative performance of individual projects.

Ranking Level (lowest to highest) Symbol Representation

0 Points

1 Point

2 Points

3 Points

4 Points The following symbols are used to visually show the impact a project has on: Ridership Potential, Person Miles Traveled, Accessibility, Equity, and Cost Effectiveness.

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Table 3 Individual Project Evaluation Results

Annual Capital Operating Person Cost Costs Ridership Miles Cost (Millions, (Millions, Project Potential Traveled Accessibility Equity Effectiveness 2016$) 2016$) Improve Frequency on Existing DASH Routes AT 1 Frequency $7.8 $0.7

Improvement AT 2 Frequency $7.8 $0.9

Improvement AT 3 Frequency $2.6 $0.1

Improvement AT 4 Frequency $2.6 $0.1

Improvement AT 5 Frequency $11.7 $1.8 Improvement AT 8 Frequency $6.5 $1.0 Improvement AT 9 Frequency $9.1 $1.7 Improvement Increase Span and Improve Frequency on Existing ART Routes ART 41 Service $2.6 $0.2 Improvement ART 42 Service $1.3 $0.1 Improvement ART 43 Service $0.0 $0.3 Improvement ART 45 Service $3.9 $0.4 Improvement ART 75 Service $1.3 $0.5 Improvement ART 87 Service $1.3 $0.5 Improvement Increase Span and Extend Existing ART Route to Additional Destination ART 77 Service $2.6 $0.5 Improvement Improve Frequency on Existing WMATA Routes WMATA 10B Frequency $6.5 $0.8

Improvement

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Annual Capital Operating Person Cost Costs Ridership Miles Cost (Millions, (Millions, Project Potential Traveled Accessibility Equity Effectiveness 2016$) 2016$) WMATA 16X Service $3.9 $4.5 Improvement WMATA 17F Frequency $2.6 $0.2 Improvement WMATA 7C Service $2.6 $0.2 Improvement WMATA 7Y Service $7.8 $0.6 Improvement Extend Existing WMATA Routes to Additional Destinations WMATA 10A Service $1.3 $0

Improvement* WMATA 10E Service $3.9 $0 Improvement* New WMATA Routes Connecting Activity Centers WMATA New $16.9 $6.7 Route 16M WMATA New $5.2 $2.5 Route 16Z New ART Routes Connecting Activity Centers ART New $5.2 $0.2 Route 88 ART New $3.9 $0.54 Route 93 New DASH Circulators Old Town N/A $0 $0 Circulator

Eisenhower $3.9 $0.4 Circulator

Van Dorn $6.6 $1.8 Circulator Convert Existing ART Service into Neighborhood Circulators ART 74 Service $2.6 $0.05 Improvement

ART 84 Service N/A $0 $0 Improvement

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Annual Capital Operating Person Cost Costs Ridership Miles Cost (Millions, (Millions, Project Potential Traveled Accessibility Equity Effectiveness 2016$) 2016$) New City of Alexandria BRT Corridor C – West End $137.6 $1.8

Transitway Corridor B – Duke Street $150.0 $1.9

Transitway WMATA Blue/Yellow Line Facility Improvements King Street- Old Town $11.7 $0 Metro Station Improvements Van Dorn Street Metro $2.3 $0 Station Improvements Crystal City Metro Station $64.6 $0 Second Entrance Pentagon City Metro Station $4.9 $0 Second Elevator King Street Metro $8.4 $0 Pedestrian Tunnel Station Improvements at Pentagon $5.7 $0

Metrorail Station Improvements to Crystal City $0.5 $0

Metro Station New Potomac Yard Metrorail Station Potomac Yard Metrorail $285.9 $1.4

Station New/Expanded Bus Transit Centers (ART/WMATA, DASH) Army-Navy $5.7 $0 Transit Center

Landmark $6.0 $0.05 Transit Center Mark Center Bus Bay $15.0 $0

Expansion

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Annual Capital Operating Person Cost Costs Ridership Miles Cost (Millions, (Millions, Project Potential Traveled Accessibility Equity Effectiveness 2016$) 2016$) New/Expanded Bus Garages (DASH/WMATA) DASH Bus Storage $11.1 $0.0

Expansion New Metrobus Garage in $65.0 $0.0 Northern Virginia Improve Frequency on Existing Fairfax Connector Routes FFX 161 Frequency $1.3 $0.2

Improvement FFX 162 Frequency $1.3 $0.2

Improvement FFX 321/322 Frequency $3.9 $0

Improvementa Increase Span on Existing Fairfax Connector Route FFX 335 Service $0 $0.5

Improvement Improve Frequency on Existing PRTC Routes OmniRide Dale City – Washington $19.5 $1.3

Frequency Improvement OmniRide Montclair- Washington $18.2 $1.1

Frequency Improvement OmniRide Dale City-Rosslyn/ Ballston $2.6 $0.2

Frequency Improvement OmniRide Lake Ridge- Washington $10.4 $0.7

Frequency Improvement OmniRide Lake Ridge- Pentagon $7.8 $0.3

Frequency Improvement

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Annual Capital Operating Person Cost Costs Ridership Miles Cost (Millions, (Millions, Project Potential Traveled Accessibility Equity Effectiveness 2016$) 2016$) OmniRide Dale City-Pentagon $6.5 $0.4 Frequency Improvement OmniRide Dale City-Navy Yard $1.3 $0.1

Frequency Improvement PRTC Prince William Metro $1.3 $0.1 Direct Service Improvement PRTC Cross County Connector $1.3 $0.2

Frequency Improvement OmniLink Dale City Link $2.0 $0.5 Frequency Improvement OmniLink Dumfries Link $2.0 $0.5 Frequency Improvement OmniLink Woodbridge $4.0 $0.9 Link Frequency Improvement Extend Existing PRTC Route to Additional Destination OmniLink Route 1 Link $1.0 $0.5 Service Improvement New Commuter Routes from Fairfax County to Pentagon Lorton/Laurel – $7.8 $0.6 EPG- Pentagon Kingstowne- Shirlington- $6.5 $2.3

Pentagon New PRTC OmniRide Routes PRTC New OmniRide Woodbridge/ $5.2 $0.3

Dale City- Alexandria

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Annual Capital Operating Person Cost Costs Ridership Miles Cost (Millions, (Millions, Project Potential Traveled Accessibility Equity Effectiveness 2016$) 2016$) PRTC New OmniRide Central Prince $6.5 $0.3 William County- Pentagon PRTC New OmniRide Central Prince William $5.2 $0.3

County- Downtown Alexandria New Fairfax Connector Routes FFX New $3.9 $0 Route 172 FFX New $5.2 $0 Route 308 FFX New $6.5 $0 Route 313 FFX New $6.5 $1.5 Route 315 FFX New $6.5 $1.0 Route 401L FFX New $0 $1.0 Route 402L FFX New $7.8 $0 Route 496 New PRTC OmniLink Route PRTC New OmniLink $5.2 $0.9

Montclair High Capacity Transit Extension of Blue and Yellow Lines/Richmond Highway Corridor Route 1/ Richmond $1,012.7 $10.2

Highway BRT Extend High Capacity Transit from $945.2 $8.5

Springfield to Potomac Mills Route 7 BRT High Capacity Transit on $250.0 $12.7

Route 7

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Annual Capital Operating Person Cost Costs Ridership Miles Cost (Millions, (Millions, Project Potential Traveled Accessibility Equity Effectiveness 2016$) 2016$) New Fairfax Connector Transit Center (Springfield) Springfield Multimodal $74.6 $0

Transit Hub Improvements to Franconia-Springfield Metrorail Station Frontier Drive from Franconia- $84.5 $0 Springfield Parkway to Loisdale Road New PRTC Maintenance and Storage Facility PRTC New $41.9 $0 Facility Prince William County Additional Commuter Parking Prince William County Additional $82.5 $0

Commuter Parking New Express Routes from Fredericksburg/Massaponax to DC/Pentagon/Crystal City

Stafford – DC $11.7 $0.4

Fredericksburg – $7.8 $0.4 DC Massaponax – $7.8 $0.4 DC Fredericksburg – Pentagon – $7.8 $0.4

Crystal City New FRED Routes to VRE Stations Feeder Service to Spotsylvania $3.0 $0.06

VRE Station Feeder Service to Brooke VRE $3.0 $0.06

Station Feeder Service to Leeland $3.0 $0.06 Road VRE Station New FRED Routes to Commuter Lots Feeder Service to Route 610 $3.0 $0.06 Commuter Lots

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Annual Capital Operating Person Cost Costs Ridership Miles Cost (Millions, (Millions, Project Potential Traveled Accessibility Equity Effectiveness 2016$) 2016$) Feeder Service to Route 1 Centreport $3.0 $0.04 Parkway Commuter Lots Stafford County Additional Commuter Parking Expand 610 Mine Road $31.3 $0 Park and Ride Lot New Route 1 Centreport $17.0 $0 Parkway Park and Ride Lot Expand Route 630 Courthouse $59.2 $0

Road Park and Ride Lot Spotsylvania County Additional Commuter Parking Expand Route 3 Salem $15.5 $0 Church Park and Ride Lot New Multimodal Transit/TDM Hub in Spotsylvania County Multimodal Transit/TDM Hub in $16.5 $0

Spotsylvania County Improve Capacity and Frequency on Existing VRE Routes VRE Service Improvements (Lengthen current trains $37.1 $3.1 and add additional trans) Additional VRE Capacity and New VRE Service Serving Different Markets Increase Service and $272.3 $48.8 Number of VRE Trains VRE Additional Storage Capacity Continued expansion of $89.7 $0

VRE midday

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Annual Capital Operating Person Cost Costs Ridership Miles Cost (Millions, (Millions, Project Potential Traveled Accessibility Equity Effectiveness 2016$) 2016$) equipment storage facilities Expansion of VRE’s Virginia Yards $31.7 $0 equipment storage/mainte nance capacity VRE Additional Commuter Parking VRE-Stations $69.3 $0 and Facilities Rolling Road VRE Parking N/A $0 $0

Expansion New parking structure at $30.3 $0 Fredericksburg VRE station Expand city parking lot at $9.9 $0 Fredericksburg VRE station Parking at Leeland Road $30.3 $0

VRE station VRE Station Facility Improvements Continuation of platform extensions and second $87.3 $0 platforms at Fredericksburg line stations Expansion of Crystal City and L/Enfant $162.7 $0 platforms/ station capacity VRE Rail Infrastructure Improvements VRE Long Bridge $768.5 $0 Crossing Expansion VRE Triple $606.3 $0 Tracking

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Annual Capital Operating Person Cost Costs Ridership Miles Cost (Millions, (Millions, Project Potential Traveled Accessibility Equity Effectiveness 2016$) 2016$) Track access fees for use of $0 $2.7 railroad infrastructure WMATA Metrorail 8-Car Trains Metrorail Fleet Expansion (Eight Car $695.6 $0

Trains During Peak) Commuter Bus Layover Bus Layover for Commuter Buses in $25.4 $0

Northern Virginia Curbside Capacity and $0 $0.1

Bus Storage ITS Projects

ITS Projects N/A N/A $2.2 $0

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TDM PROJECT EVALUATION RESULTS

Seventeen TDM strategies, grouped into seven strategy group categories, were evaluated and reductions in vehicle trips and vehicle miles traveled (VMT). Impacts were estimated by projecting per commuter travel mode changes and applying these changes to the targeted population, such as all residents/workers in the corridor, or a subset of the population, such as residents who live outside the Capital Beltway.

Table 4 I-95/I-395 TDM Strategies – Summary of Impacts by Strategy

Daily Reductions % Change in

Vehicle Vehicle Miles Market Corridor Work Trips (VT) (VMT) VMT VMT A. Marketing and Outreach Programs Total for strategy group 988 19,596 0.41% 0.04% B. Real-time Information Access Total for strategy group 1,080 21,425 0.45% 0.05% C. Enhanced Access Existing Modes Total for strategy group 1,842 35,889 2.59% 0.08% D. New, Flexible Mode Options Total for strategy group 5,689 131,679 0.53% 0.26% E. Increased Employer Involvement Total for strategy group 8,125 171,778 2.06% 0.37% F. HOV Priority-Transp. Facilities Total for strategy group 1,010 20,030 0.31% 0.05% G. Shift SOV/HOV Cost Balance Total for strategy group 8,301 175,286 0.67% 0.38%

Potential Investment Approach

There are a combination of sources of available funding and potential new opportunities for funding transit and TDM projects in the I-95/I-395 corridor that were evaluated. An August 31, 2016 letter to local jurisdictions from the Virginia Secretary of Transportation, Aubrey Layne, stated that the Commonwealth will commit to provide at least $15 million annually for multimodal improvements in the corridor (referred to as the Annual Transit Payment). The first payment will start with the commencement of tolling on the new I-395 Express Lanes which is slated to begin in 2019.

However, it is anticipated that an objective prioritization process will be developed and used to select the best-performing projects identified in this study for funding with the Annual Transit Payment. Given the large gap between needs and revenues, there is a need to explore other options for increasing

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available transit and TDM funding in the corridor. Options to increase available transit and TDM funding include:

1. Opportunities to dedicate funding to these purposes:

− More from state resources (which would require shifting from other purposes in the State); and

− More from Federal resources (through discretionary grants or shifting of Federal formula programs).

2. Opportunities to increase and leverage available funding:

− Focus on predictable funding streams to establish long-term priorities to reduce lifecycle costs;

− Adopt approaches with high economic development returns;

− Adopt multimodal approaches that disperse demand and impacts;

− Approve additional P3s that potentially shift risk, encourage innovation, delay cash flow demands; and

− Consider practicality and flexibility when targeting Federal funds, recognizing inherent benefits and risks.

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