Eyre Peninsula Groundwater Dependent Ecosystem Scoping Study

5.6. Extent of phreatophytes

Phreatophytes occur within all three study areas (Figure 5.13, Figure 5.14 and Figure 5.15), although they are most widespread in the vicinity of Robinson lens and the Southern Basins PWA. In the Southern Basins area, mapped areas inferred to be obligate phreatophytes are present in small pockets in the north and east of the region, overlying the northern edges of Uley Wanilla and Uley East, surrounding Big , as well as to the east near Lincoln-D and Tulka lenses. These obligate phreatophytes mainly occur outside the study area, beyond the northern boundary of the PWA. Facultative phreatophytes over deep water tables are common in the Southern Basins, with several relatively large expanses of mapped vegetation across the area. A significant portion of the mapped potentially phreatophytic vegetation in the area lies above unknown water tables and hence could potentially be groundwater dependent.

In the Musgrave area, obligate phreatophytes are the most common of those classified, mostly occurring as small pockets in the vicinity of Kappawanta and Sheringa lenses. Facultative phreatophytes are also present in this area; small pockets occurring over the shallow water tables that exist close to Polda, Bramfield and Talia lenses. A significant portion of the phreatophytes identified in the Musgrave area have insufficient data to make conclusions about their dependence on groundwater and hence are potentially groundwater dependent.

In the vicinity of Robinson lens, facultative phreatophytes over shallow water tables are the most common, covering a significant portion of the lens itself. A small pocket of phreatophytes overlying deep water tables also lies just outside the lens, but the majority of the mapped area of potentially phreatopytic vegetation surrounding Robinson lens overlies unknown water tables and hence could be groundwater dependent.

NDVI was calibrated so that areas of relatively high photosynthesis (inferred low water stress) coincided with areas considered to contain obligate phreatophytes and facultative phreatophytes over shallow water tables, and so that areas indicative of relatively low photosynthesis (inferred higher water stress) coincided with potentially facultative phreatophytes over deep water tables (Figure 5.16, Figure 5.17 and Figure 5.18). The resulting NDVI for phreatophytes shows a relatively good match to groundwater conditions in the Musgrave PWA and Robinson Basin, but a poor match to groundwater conditions in the Southern Basins PWA.

The poor match between NDVI and groundwater conditions beneath phreatophytes in the Southern Basins can be explained by a number of factors, including:

• Where there is high NDVI in areas of deep water tables (e.g. Lincoln-C lens), phreatophytes may be tapping into a perched groundwater source disconnected from the regional Quaternary Bridgewater Formation aquifer by a confining layer (there is little data available to confirm the presence or absence of such a confining layer);

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• Where there is low NDVI in areas of shallow water tables (e.g. Uley South lens), phreatophytes may tap into the capillary fringe, but if the area is sparsely vegetated, the area as a whole will exhibit a lower inferred water use (i.e. lower photosynthesis as per NDVI). There is no information available to compare forest or woodland density throughout the study area; and • Where there is low NDVI in areas of shallow water tables (e.g. Uley South lens), phreatophytes may be under stress regardless of the shallow water tables. It may be that phreatophytes in this area relied on a perched groundwater source that has become depleted due to lower than average annual rainfall (and therefore recharge conditions over the last 10 to 15 years. There is no way of discerning which of these potential factors apply in different areas of the Southern Basin PWA without further investigations. The current NDVI analysis shows potential, but is not yet fit for widespread use to infer the presence or absence of groundwater dependent vegetation to inform the groundwater management process.

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I:\VESA\Projects\VE23226\Deliverables\Reporting\VE23226_final.docx PAGE 56 DD D DDDDDDD DDDDD DDDDDDDDDD D D DDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDD D D D 540000 560000 580000

Coffin Bay-C Tod River A! -B D A! Wanilla D D Monitoring Well D A!D A!DD Coffin Bay A!D Southern Basins D A! D A! D ! D D D A Production Wells D DD!D AA!!D ! Big Swamp D A ! Quaternary Aquifer Coffin Bay Coastal A!D DA D D D D Low salinity groundwater lens DCoffin Bay-A System A!D D D 0 - 1000 mg/L Uley Wanilla DDD D D D D Water table in limestone D D Southern Basins D Little Swamp Prescribed Wells Area D Lincoln-D-West D D Vegetation Types D D 6160000 Type 1: Obligate phreatophyte D D Uley East D D D Duck Lincoln-D D Type 2: Facultative phreatophyte Uley South DD D D over unknown water tables A!D D D D Type 2: Facultative phreatophyte A!D D D D over deep water tables ! !D D A! A!DDA D AD !DA!D Type 2: Facultative phreatophyte A!D D !D ULED 99DDD AA! A Lincoln-A over shallow water tables D A!D D D Tulka D ! D Pantania D D A D A!D D D D Seasonal/Episodic/Tidal D A! A! !D ! D A!DD A AD D D A! DA! A! D Permanent A!D ! A!D D!A A!A! Pillie Lake D Sleaford A D D D Lincoln-C Lincoln-B !D Mikkira AD! AD!A ° A! D A! 0 10 Little Sleaford Mere A4 1:275,000 Kilometres

Sleaford 6140000 D Wanna Soak

ADELAIDE

Southern Basins PWA GDA 1994 MGA Zone 53

September 2009 Figure 5.13: Potentially Phreatophytic Vegetation I:\VESA\Projects\VE23226\Technical\GIS\Spatial_Data\ArcGIS\VE23226_Phreatophytes - Southern 480000 500000 520000 540000 560000

D D Monitoring Well Lake Newland D D D D D D D D D A! Bramfield PB D D D D D D D D ! D Talia D A Polda Bore 7 TaliaD D D D D ! DD D D A Polda Trench D D D D D D D D DD D D D D Quaternary Aquifer TAA 25 D D D D D D D D D D 6300000 D Low salinity groundwater lens D D D DD D D D D D D D D D D D D DD 0 - 1000 mg/L D D D D D D D DD D D D DD D D D D Water table in limestone D D D DDD D D D D D DDDD D DDD D D D D D D D D DD DD D Vegetation Types D D D D D D D D D D DDDD! D D D D D D D D D D DDAD Polda DDD D D D D DD D D D D D D D SQRD 10DDD SQR 28D D D D D Type 1: Obligate phreatophyte TAA 56 D D D D D D D D D D DD D D DD D D D D D DD D D!DDDD D D D D D D A DD D D D D D D D D D D D D Type 2: Facultative phreatophyte DDD D D Middle Lake D D D D D DD D D D over unknown water tables D D D D D D D D D D D D D Tinline D D D Type 2: Facultative phreatophyte DD D D D D D D D D D D DD D D DDDD D D DDD D D DD D D D D D D D over deep water tables BramfieldD D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D DD D D Type 2: Facultative phreatophyte Elliston Myrtle SwampD D D D D D D D DD D D D D D D D D D KappawantaD D over shallow water tables D D D D D 6280000 Elliston CemeteryD SwampD D D D D D DD D D D D D D D D D D !A! D D D County Musgrave A D D D D D DD D D D D D D D D DD D D D D Prescribed Wells Area Elliston D D D D D D DDDD D D D D D D D D D DD D D D DDDDDDD D D D D D D D D Wetlands D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D Seasonal/Episodic/Tidal D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D Permanent D D D D D D D D D D D D Sheringa-AD D D D D D D D DD SheringaD ° D LakeD TungkettaDDD DDDDD D D D 0 10 D D D D D D D D D D Sheringa D D A4 1:440,000 Kilometres D D South LakeD D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 6260000 D D D Sheringa D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D DD D D SheringaD LagoonD D D D D D D D DDD D D D D Sheringa Sheringa-B D D DDD D D D D D D Round Lake ADELAIDE

TILLER LAKE Musgrave PWA LAKE HAMILTON TEATREE SWAMP GDA 1994 MGA Zone 53

September 2009 Figure 5.14: Potentially Phreatophytic Vegetation I:\VESA\Projects\VE23226\Technical\GIS\Spatial_Data\ArcGIS\VE23226_Phreatophytes - Musgrave.mxd

LAKE BRIMPTON D

D

428500 430000 431500 433000 434500 436000

D

D Monitoring Well A! Robinson PB D D A! Robinson PB 2 A! Robinson Well Points D

6367000 Quaternary Aquifer Low salinity groundwater lens 0 - 1000 mg/L Water table in limestone D D Vegetation Types D Type 1: Obligate phreatophyte D over unknown water tables

D Type 2: Facultative phreatophyte D A! 6365500 over unknown water tables D D D D D D Type 2: Facultative phreatophyte D D D A! A! over deep water tables D A! D ! D ! A A D Type 2: Facultative phreatophyte A!D D A! D D over shallow water tables A! DA!D D Robinson D Wetlands A!D Seasonal/Episodic/Tidal D D D Permanent

6364000 D !D AD D D D A! A!A!DA!A! D

D ° D

0 1,500

A4 1:45,000 Metres

D 6362500

D D D

D

D D ADELAIDE 6361000 D D

Robinson Basin GDA 1994 MGA Zone 53

September 2009 Figure 5.15: Potentially Phreatophytic Vegetation I:\VESA\Projects\VE23226\Technical\GIS\Spatial_Data\ArcGIS\VE23226_Phreatophytes - Robinson.mxd DD D DDDDDDD DDDDD DDDDDDDDDD D D DDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDD D D D 540000 560000 580000

Coffin Bay-C Tod River ! Coffin Bay-B D AA! Wanilla D D A!D DD A! D Monitoring Well Coffin Bay A!D D A! D D ! D D D A Southern Basins D DD!D A! AA!!D ! Big Swamp Production Wells D A ! Coffin Bay Coastal A!D DA D D D D NDVI DCoffin Bay-A Wetland System A!D D D Uley Wanilla DDD <0.07 Low water use D D D D 0.07 - 0.15 D D D Little Swamp 0.15 - 0.2 D Lincoln-D-West D D 0.2 - 0.3 D D 6160000 >0.3 High water use D D Uley East D D D Duck Ponds Lincoln-D D Port Lincoln Quaternary Aquifer Uley South DD D D Low salinity groundwater lens A!D 0 - 1000 mg/L D D D A!D D D D Water table in limestone ! !D D A! A!DDA D AD !DA!D Southern Basins A!D D !D ULED 99DDD AA! A Lincoln-A Prescribed Wells Area D A!D D D Tulka D ! D Pantania D D A D A!D Wetlands D D D Seasonal/Episodic/Tidal D A! A! !D ! D A!DD A!AD D D A! DA! A D Permanent A!D ! A!D D!A A!A! Pillie Lake D Sleaford Mere A D D D Lincoln-C Lincoln-B !D Mikkira AD! AD!A ° A! D A! 0 10 Little Sleaford Mere A4 1:275,000 Kilometres

Sleaford 6140000 D Wanna Soak

ADELAIDE

Southern Basins PWA GDA 1994 MGA Zone 53

September 2009 Figure 5.16: NDVI - Potentially Phreatophytic Vegetation I:\VESA\Projects\VE23226\Technical\GIS\Spatial_Data\ArcGIS\VE23226_Phreatophytes - Southern 480000 500000 520000 540000 560000 D Monitoring Well A! Bramfield PB D ! Lake Newland D D A Polda Bore 7 D D D D D D D ! D D D A Polda Trench D D D TaliaD D D D NDVI D TaliaD D D D DD D D Low water use D D D < 0 D D D D D DD D D D D 0 - 0.05 TAA 25 D D D D D D D D D D 6300000 D D D D DD D D D D D D D D D D D D DD 0.05 - 0.1 D D D D D D D DD D D D DD D D D D 0.1 - 0.15 D D D DDD D D D D D DDDD D DDD D D D D D D D D DD DD D > 0.15 High water use D D D D D D D D D D DDDD! D D D D D D D D D D DDAD Polda DDD D D D D DD D D D D D D D SQRD 10DDD SQR 28D D D D D Quaternary Aquifer TAA 56 D D D D D D D D D D DD D D DD D D D D D DD D D!DDDD D D Low salinity groundwater lens D D D D A DD D D D D D D D D D D D D DDD D D 0 - 1000 mg/L Middle Lake D D D D D DD D D D D D D D D D D D D D D Water table in limestone D D Tinline D D D DD D D D D D D D D D D DD D D DDDD D D DDD D D DD D D D D D D D Vegetation Types BramfieldD D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D DD D D Type 1: Obligate phreatophyte Elliston Myrtle SwampD D D D D D D D DD D D D D D D D D D KappawantaD D over unknown water tables D D D D D 6280000 Elliston CemeteryD SwampD D D D D D DD D D D D D D D D D D !A! D D D County Musgrave A D D D D D DD D D D D D D D D DD D D D D Prescribed Wells Area Elliston D D D D D D DDDD D D D D D D D D D DD D D D DDDDDDD D D D D D D D D Wetlands D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D Seasonal/Episodic/Tidal D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D Permanent D D D D D D D D D D D D Sheringa-AD D D D D D D D DD SheringaD ° D LakeD TungkettaDDD DDDDD D D D 0 10 D D D D D D D D D D Sheringa D D A4 1:440,000 Kilometres D D South LakeD D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 6260000 D D D Sheringa D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D DD D D SheringaD LagoonD D D D D D D D DDD D D D D Sheringa Sheringa-B D D DDD D D D D D D Round Lake ADELAIDE

TILLER LAKE Musgrave PWA LAKE HAMILTON TEATREE SWAMP GDA 1994 MGA Zone 53

September 2009 Figure 5.17: Potentially Phreatophytic Vegetation I:\VESA\Projects\VE23226\Technical\GIS\Spatial_Data\ArcGIS\VE23226_Phreatophytes - Musgrave.mxd

LAKE BRIMPTON D

D

428500 430000 431500 433000 434500 436000

D

D Monitoring Well D D A! Robinson PB ! D A Robinson PB 2

6367000 A! Robinson Well Points Quaternary Aquifer Low salinity groundwater lens 0 - 1000 mg/L D D NDVI D <0.02 Low water use D 0.02 to 0.04 D D A! 6365500 D D D 0.04 to 0.06 D D D D D 0.06 to 0.08 A!D A! D A! D ! D ! A >0.08 High water use A D A!D D A! D D Water table in limestone A! DA!D D Robinson D Wetlands A!D Seasonal/Episodic/Tidal D D D Permanent

6364000 D !D AD D D D A! A!A!DA!A! D

D ° D

0 1,500

A4 1:45,000 Metres

D 6362500

D D D

D

D D ADELAIDE 6361000 D D

Robinson Basin GDA 1994 MGA Zone 53

September 2009 Figure 5.18: NDVI - Potentially Phreatophytic Vegetation I:\VESA\Projects\VE23226\Technical\GIS\Spatial_Data\ArcGIS\VE23226_Phreatophytes - Robinson.mxd Eyre Peninsula Groundwater Dependent Ecosystem Scoping Study

5.7. Extent of freshwater lakes

Freshwater lakes only occur within the Southern Basins and Musgrave PWA study areas (Figure 5.19 and Figure 5.20). In the Southern Basins, the largest seasonal/intermittent freshwater lake connected to the Quaternary aquifer overlies Uley South lens. Other smaller lakes are also present to the north of the area, near to Coffin Basin, and those with Sleaford Mere to the east of the area. In Musgrave PWA, seasonal/intermittent freshwater lakes mostly occur in the south of the area, in the vicinity of the Sheringa lenses, with one being associated with Lake Hamilton. A small pocket associated with Middle Lake also exists in the mid-coastal area. There is only one seasonal/intermittent freshwater lake disconnected from the Quaternary aquifer in the study areas. This is Big Swamp, which is located to the north of Southern Basins PWA, partially overlying the Uley East lens.

5.8. Extent of damp coastal and sub-coastal heath

Damp coastal and sub-coastal heath occurs in Musgrave and Southern Basins PWAs (Figure 5.21 and Figure 5.22). Damp coastal and sub-coastal heath over shallow water tables occurs within two distinct areas: on the southwestern coast of the Musgrave PWA and a small pocket to the north of Sleaford Mere, overlying Lincoln-A lens in the Southern Basins PWA. Damp coastal and sub- coastal heath over deep water tables is more common in the southern basins with relatively large expanses that overlie Uley South and Uley Wanilla lenses. However, there is not sufficient data for the majority of damp coastal and sub-coastal heath to classify. These areas have been mapped as having unknown water tables and hence are potentially groundwater dependent.

NDVI was calibrated so that areas of relatively high photosynthesis (interpreted low water stress) coincided with areas of damp coastal and sub-coastal heath over shallow water tables, and so that areas of relatively low photosynthesis (interpreted high water stress) coincided with damp coastal and sub-coastal heath over deep water tables. The resulting NDVI for damp coastal and sub-coastal heath shows relatively good calibration to these areas (Figure 5.23 and Figure 5.24) and provides confidence in identifying areas where damp coastal and sub-coastal heath that occur over unknown depths to water may have access to groundwater. NDVI suggests that there are areas of damp coastal and sub-coastal heath near extraction wells in Coffin Bay A, and Uley Wanilla that potentially access groundwater and that there is no damp coastal and sub-coastal heath that potentially accesses groundwater near groundwater extraction points in Musgrave PWA.

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Coffin Bay-C Tod River

A! Wanilla CoffinD Bay Coastal A! D D Wetland SystemD A!D !D Coffin Bay Coffin Bay-B ! A AD D D A! D Monitoring Well D ! D D D A D DD!D AA!!D ! Southern Basins D A ! A! Coffin Bay-A A!D DA D Production Wells D D D Big Swamp D A!D D D Southern Basins Uley Wanilla DDD D D Prescribed Wells Area D D D Quaternary Aquifer D Low salinity groundwater lens D D Little Swamp 0 - 1000 mg/L D D D D Water table in limestone 6160000 Lincoln-D-West D D Uley East D Duck Ponds Freshwater Lakes D D Lincoln-D D Port Lincoln DD Type 1: Seasonal / intermittent D D freshwater lakes connected A!D Uley South D D D to Quaternary aquifer A!D D D D ! !D Type 2: Seasonal / intermittent D A! A!DDA D AD !DA!D freshwater lakes disconnected A!D D !D D D AA! A Lincoln-A from the Quaternary aquifer D A!D D D Tulka D ! D Pantania D DDD A D A!D Other Wetlands ULE 101D D D Seasonal/Episodic/Tidal D A! A! !D ! D A!DD A AD D Pillie Lake D A! DA! A! D Permanent A!D ! A!D Mikkira D!A Lincoln-C A!A! D A D D D Sleaford Mere !D AD! AD!A ° Lincoln-B A! D ! 0 10 Little Sleaford Mere A A4 1:275,000 Kilometres

Sleaford

6140000 Wanna Soak D

ADELAIDE

Southern Basins PWA GDA 1994 MGA Zone 53

September 2009 Figure 5.19: Permanent / Seasonal Freshwater Lakes I:\VESA\Projects\VE23226\Technical\GIS\Spatial_Data\ArcGIS\VE23226_Freshwater Lakes - Southern 480000 500000 520000 540000 560000

D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D Monitoring Well D Talia D Lake Newland D D TaliaD D D D A! Bramfield PB DD D D D D D A! D D D D D Polda Bore 7 DD D D D D D D D D D D D D D D ! 6300000 D D D DD D D D A Polda Trench D D D D D D D D D DD D D D D D D D DD County Musgrave D D D DD D D D D Prescribed Wells Area D D D DDD D D D D D DDDD D DDD D D D D D D D D D DD D D D D D D D D D D D DDDD! D D D D Quaternary Aquifer D D D D D D DDAD Polda DDD D D D D DD D D D D D D Low salinity groundwater lens D D DDD D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D DD D D DD D D D D D 0 - 1000 mg/L DD D D!DDDD D D D D D D A DD D D D D D D D D D D D D Middle Lake DDD D D Water table in limestone D D D D D DD D D D D D D D D D D D D D D Freshwater Lakes D D Tinline D D D DD D D D D D D D D D D DD D D DDDD D D DDD D D DD D D D D D D D Type 1: Seasonal / intermittent BramfieldD D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D freshwater lakes connected D D D DD D D D D D D D D D D Elliston Myrtle SwampDD D D D to Quaternary aquifer D D D D D D D D Lake Hamp D D D D D 6280000 D D D D D D D DD Elliston Cemetery SwampD D D D D D D D D D Other Wetlands !A! D D D A D D D D D DD D D D D D D D D DD D D D D Seasonal/Episodic/Tidal Elliston D D D D D D DDDD D D D D D D D D D DD KappawantaD D D DDDDDDD D D D D D D D D Permanent D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D SheringaD D D Sheringa-A D D D D D D D DD D D D D ° D D DDD DDDDD D D D Lake Tungketta 0 10 D D D D D D DSouth Lake D D D Sheringa D D A4 1:440,000 Kilometres D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 6260000 D D D Sheringa D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D DD D D SheringaD LagoonD D D D D Sheringa D D D DDD D D D D WAY 42 Sheringa-B D D DDD D D D D D D Round Lake ADELAIDE Lake Hamilton

Musgrave PWA GDA 1994 MGA Zone 53

September 2009 Figure 5.20: Permanent / Seasonal Freshwater Lakes I:\VESA\Projects\VE23226\Technical\GIS\Spatial_Data\ArcGIS\VE23226_Freshwater Lakes - Musgrave.mxd 540000 560000 580000

Coffin Bay-C Tod River D Monitoring Well ! D AA! Wanilla D Southern Basins Coffin Bay CoastalD A!D A!DD A! Coffin Bay Coffin Bay-B Wetland System A!D Production Wells D A! D D ! D D A D Southern Basins D D!D A!A!D A! Prescribed Wells Area D ! Big Swamp A!D DA D D D D Quaternary Aquifer DCoffin Bay-A A!D D D Low salinity groundwater lens Uley Wanilla DDD D D 0 - 1000 mg/L D D ULE 77 D Water table in limestone DDD D Vetegation Types D Little Swamp DDD D Damp coastal and LKW 12 D D Lincoln-D-West 6160000 Duck Ponds sub-coastal heath over D D unknown water tables Uley East D D D Lincoln-D Port Lincoln D DD Type 1: Damp coastal and D D sub-coastal heath over A!D Uley South D D D shallow water tables A!D D D D Type 2: Damp coastal and A! !DA!D D A!D A D D A!DA! sub-coastal heath over !D D !D D D AA! A Lincoln-A deep water tables D A!D D D Tulka D ! D Pantania D D A D A!D Wetlands D D D Seasonal/Episodic/Tidal D A! A! D ! D A!D A! AD DA! SLE 52DA! A! D Permanent D A!DDD A!D DA!D Mikkira Lincoln-B A! Lincoln-C A!A! D Sleaford Mere Pillie Lake D D D ! D!A!D AD A ° Little Sleaford Mere A! D A! 010 A4 1:275,000 Kilometres

Sleaford 6140000 WannaD Soak

ADELAIDE

Southern Basins PWA GDA 1994 MGA Zone 53 September 2009 Figure 5.21: Damp Coastal / Sub-coastal Heath I:\VESA\Projects\VE23226\Technical\GIS\Spatial_Data\ArcGIS\VE23226_Damp Coastal heath - Southern 480000 500000 520000 540000 560000

A! Bramfield PB ! D A Polda Bore 7 D D D D D A! Polda Trench D D D D D D D D D D D TaliaD D Monitoring Well Lake Newland D D D TaliaD D D D County Musgrave D D D D D D D Prescribed Wells Area D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D Quaternary Aquifer D D 6300000 D D D D D D D D D D D Low salinity groundwater lens D D D D D DD D D D D 0 - 1000 mg/L D D D D D D D D DD D D D D D D D DDD D D D Water table in limestone D D DDDD D DDD D D D D D D D D D DD D D D D D D D D D D D DAD!DD D D D D Vetegation Types D D D D D D D DD Polda DDD D D D D DD D D D D D D D D DDD D D D D D D D D D D DD D D D DD D D DD D D D D D Coastal heath over DD D D!DDDD D D D D D D A DD D D D D D D D D D D D unknown water tables Middle Lake DDD D D D D D D D D DD D D D Type 1: Damp coastal D D D D D D D D D D D D D Tinline D D D and sub-coastal heath DD D D D D D D D D D D DD D DDDD D D D DD D D D DD D D D D over shallow water tables D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D Bramfield D D D D D DD D D Type 2: Damp coastal and D D D D D D D D Elliston Myrtle SwampDD D D D sub-coastal heath over D D D D D D D D Lake Hamp D D D D D 6280000 D D D D D D D D DD deep water tables Elliston Cemetery SwampD D D D D D D D D A!A! D D D D D D D D DD D D D D D D D D DD D D D D Wetlands Elliston D D D D D D D D DDD D D D D D D D D D D KappawantaD D D D D DD DDD D D D Seasonal/Episodic/Tidal D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D Permanent D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D SheringaD D D Sheringa-A D D D D D D D D D D D D D ° D D D DDDD DDD D D D Lake Tungketta 010 D D D D D D DSouth Lake D D D Sheringa D D A4 1:440,000 Kilometres D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D Sheringa

6260000 D D D D D WAYD 55 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D DD D D SheringaD LagoonD D D D D D D D DDD D D Sheringa D D Sheringa-B D D DDD D D D D D D Round Lake ADELAIDE Lake Hamilton

Musgrave PWA GDA 1994 MGA Zone 53 September 2009 Figure 5.22: Damp Coastal / Sub-coastal Heath I:\VESA\Projects\VE23226\Technical\GIS\Spatial_Data\ArcGIS\VE23226_Damp Coastal heath - Musgrave.mxd DDDDD DDDDDDDDDD D D DDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDD D D D 540000 560000 580000

Coffin Bay-C Tod River

! D AA! Wanilla D! D Coffin Bay CoastalD A A!D D Monitoring Well Coffin Bay Coffin Bay-B Wetland System A!D D A! D D ! D D D A Southern Basins D DD!D A! AA!!D ! Production Wells D A ! A!D DA D Big Swamp D D D NDVI DCoffin Bay-A A!D D D Low water use Uley Wanilla DDD <0.1 D D D D 0.1 to 0.15 ULE 77 D DDD D 0.15 to 0.2 D Little Swamp DDD D 0.2 to 0.25 LKW 12 D D 6160000 Lincoln-D-West Duck Ponds >0.25 High water use D D Uley East D D D Lincoln-D D Port Lincoln Southern Basins DD D D Prescribed Wells Area A!D Uley South D D D Quaternary Aquifer A!D D D D Low salinity groundwater lens ! !D D A! A!DDA D 0 - 1000 mg/L AD !DA!D A!D D !D D D AA! A Lincoln-A Water table in limestone D A!D D D Tulka D ! D Pantania D D A D A!D Wetlands D D D Seasonal/Episodic/Tidal D A! A! !D ! D A!DD A!AD D D A! SLE 52DA! A D Permanent A!DDD A! Mikkira DA!D Lincoln-B A!! Lincoln-C A!A D D Sleaford Mere Pillie Lake D D !D AD! AD!A ° Little Sleaford Mere A! D A! 0 10 A4 1:275,000 Kilometres

Sleaford 6140000 WannaD Soak

ADELAIDE

Southern Basins PWA GDA 1994 MGA Zone 53

September 2009 Figure 5.23: NDVI - Damp Coastal / Sub-coastal Heath I:\VESA\Projects\VE23226\Technical\GIS\Spatial_Data\ArcGIS\VE23226_Damp Coastal heath - Southern 480000 500000 520000 540000 560000

A! Bramfield PB

D A! D Polda Bore 7 D D D D ! D D D D A Polda Trench D D D D D D D D D Monitoring Well Lake Newland D Talia D D TaliaD D D D DD D D NDVI D D D D D D D D <0 Low water use DD D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 6300000 D D D DD D D D 0 to 0.08 D D D D D D D D D DD D D D D D D D DD D D D DD 0.08 to 0.11 D D D D D D D DDD D D D D D DDDD D DDD D D D D D 0.11 to 0.14 D D D D DD D D D D D D D D D D D DDDD! D D D D D D D D D D DDAD Polda DDD D D D D DD D D D D D D >0.14 D D DDD D D D D D High water use D D D D D D D D D D DD D D DD D D D D D DD D D!DDDD D D D D D D A DD D D D County Musgrave D D D D D D D D D Middle Lake DDD D D Prescribed Wells Area D D D D D DD D D D D D D D D D D D D D D Quaternary Aquifer D D Tinline D D D DD D D D D D D D D D D DD D D DDDD D D DDD D D DD D D D D Low salinity groundwater lens D D D D D D D D D D 0 - 1000 mg/L D D D D D D D D D Bramfield D D D D D DD D D D D D D D D D D Elliston Myrtle SwampDD D D D Water table in limestone D D D D D D D D D D D D D

6280000 Lake Hamp D D D D D D D DD Elliston Cemetery SwampD D D D D D D D D D Wetlands !A! D D D A D D D D D DD D D D D D D D D DD D D D D Seasonal/Episodic/Tidal Elliston D D D D D D DDDD D D D D D D D D D DD KappawantaD D D DDDDDDD D D D D D D D D Permanent D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D SheringaD D D Sheringa-A D D D D D D D DD D D D D ° D D DDD DDDDD D D D Lake Tungketta 0 10 D D D D D D DSouth Lake D D D Sheringa D D A4 1:440,000 Kilometres D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 6260000 D D D Sheringa D D D WAYD 55 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D DD D D SheringaD LagoonD D D D D D D D DDD D D Sheringa D D Sheringa-B D D DDD D D D D D D Round Lake ADELAIDE Lake Hamilton

Musgrave PWA GDA 1994 MGA Zone 53

September 2009 Figure 5.24: NDVI - Damp Coastal / Sub-coastal Heath I:\VESA\Projects\VE23226\Technical\GIS\Spatial_Data\ArcGIS\VE23226_Damp Coastal heath - Musgrave.mxd Eyre Peninsula Groundwater Dependent Ecosystem Scoping Study

5.9. Extent of GDEs

The Southern Basins PWA contains several different types of potential GDEs, covering a considerable portion of the landscape (Figure 5.25). In Uley and Coffin Bay Basins, the areas of potential GDEs mostly comprise tussock grassland and facultative phreatophytes over shallow water tables or unknown depths to water. In the Uley Basin the greatest expanse occurs to the east of Uley South, near to associated extraction wells, and in the south and to the east of Uley East. A seasonal / intermittent freshwater lake connected to the quaternary aquifer with adjacent obligate and facultative phreatophytes and sedgeland also overlies the centre of Uley South, near to extraction wells. In the Coffin Bay Basin, the majority of the landscape overlying the lenses contains potential groundwater dependent vegetation, with seasonal saline occurring to the north of the area.

In the Lincoln Basin, potential GDEs lie mostly in the south relatively near to extraction wells. These mainly comprise areas of damp coastal and sub-coastal heath and facultative phreatophytes, with Sleaford Mere permanent saline lake lying just south of a cluster of wells in Lincoln-A.

In Musgrave PWA, there are several types of potential GDEs present (Figure 5.26). The largest expanse is associated with grasslands over shallow watertables interspersed with obligate phreatophytes, with a significant portion overlying the Polda lens, near extraction wells. The largest mapped seasonal saline lake connected to the Quaternary aquifer, close to a known groundwater spring (Weepra Spring), and seasonal saline swamp are also mapped within the Musgrave PWA. Several smaller areas of damp coastal heath, including near extraction wells, exist in the Bramfield lens.

There is a significant portion of the landscape overlying Robinson lens and the surrounding area to the east and south that could potential contains GDEs. Most commonly this includes facultative phreatophytes over shallow or unknown depth to water. There are also several saline swamps to the east and one saline lake to the south (Figure 5.27) of the lens that are potentially groundwater dependent.

5.10. Datasets used to define the location and extent of GDE types

The location and extent of each GDE type across the study areas were based on a range of spatial datasets, including:

• Department of Environment and Heritage wetland inventory; • State-wide vegetation mapping; • State-wide land use mapping; • 10 m topography contours;

SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ

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Coffin Bay-C Tod River

! AA! Wanilla Coffin Bay Coastal A! A! Coffin Bay Coffin Bay-B A! Wetland System A! A! ! AA!! ! Southern Basins A ! A! A! A Big Swamp Production Wells Coffin Bay-A A! Quaternary Aquifer Uley Wanilla Low salinity groundwater lens 0 - 1000 mg/L Water table in limestone Little Swamp Southern Basins Prescribed Wells Area

6160000 Lincoln-D-West Duck Ponds Uley East Wetlands Lincoln-D Port Lincoln Type 1: Permanent saline lakes

A! Uley South Type 2: Seasonal saline lakes A! connected to Quaternary aquifer ! A! A!A! Type 1: Seasonal / intermittent A A! A! A!A! A! Lincoln-A freshwater lakes connected to A! Tulka Quaternary aquifer A! Pantania A! Type 1: Seasonal saline swamp ! ! A Type 2: Intertidal salt swamps A! A! A! AA! A! A! A! A! Vegetation Types Mikkira A! Lincoln-B A!! Lincoln-C A!A Sleaford Mere Pillie Lake Type 2: Tussock grassland over shallow or unclassified A! A!A! Little Sleaford Mere A! water tables A! Type 1: Sedgelands Type 1: Coastal heath over Sleaford shallow or unclassified water

6140000 tables Wanna Soak Type 1: Obligate phreatophytes Type 2: Facultative phreatophytes over shallow or unclassified water tables ° 0 10

A4 1:275,000 Kilometres

Southern Basins PWA GDA 1994 MGA Zone 53

November 2009 Figure 5.25: Potential GDEs I:\VESA\Projects\VE23226\Technical\GIS\Spatial_Data\ArcGIS\VE23226_Potential_GDEs_Southern.mxd 480000 500000 520000 540000 560000

DEWeepra Spring Talia DE Spring / Soak Talia A! Bramfield PB A! Polda Bore 7 ! 6300000 A Polda Trench Musgrave Prescribed Wells Area

A! Polda Wetlands Type 1: Permanent saline lakes A! Type 2: Seasonal saline lakes connected to Quaternary aquifer Tinline Type 1: Seasonal / intermittent freshwater lakes connected to Bramfield Quaternary aquifer Type 1: Seasonal saline swamp 6280000 A!A! Type 2: Intertidal salt swamps Elliston Kappawanta Vegetation Types Type 2: Tussock grassland over shallow or unclassified water tables Sheringa Sheringa-A Type 1: Sedgelands Type 1: Coastal heath over shallow or unclassified water Sheringa tables Type 1: Obligate phreatophytes

6260000 Sheringa Type 2: Facultative phreatophytes over shallow or unclassified water tables Quaternary Aquifer Sheringa Low salinity groundwater lens Sheringa-B 0 - 1000 mg/L Water table in limestone ° 0 10

A4 1:440,000 Kilometres

Musgrave PWA GDA 1994 MGA Zone 53

November 2009 Figure 5.26: Potential GDEs I:\VESA\Projects\VE23226\Technical\GIS\Spatial_Data\ArcGIS\VE23226_Potential_GDEs_Musgrave.mxd 428500 430000 431500 433000 434500 436000

A! Robinson PB A! Robinson PB 2 !

6367000 A Robinson Well Points Quaternary Aquifer Low salinity groundwater lens 0 - 1000 mg/L Water table in limestone Wetlands Type 2: Seasonal saline lakes connected to Quaternary aquifer A! 6365500 Type 1: Seasonal saline swamp

A! A! Vegetation Types A! ! A! A Type 2: Facultative A! phreatophytes over shallow A! or unclassified water tables A! A! Robinson A!

6364000 A! A! A!A! A!A! °

0 1,500

A4 1:45,000 Metres 6362500

ADELAIDE 6361000

Robinson Basin GDA 1994 MGA Zone 53

November 2009 Figure 5.27: Potential GDEs I:\VESA\Projects\VE23226\Technical\GIS\Spatial_Data\ArcGIS\VE23226_Potential_GDEs_Robinson.mxd Eyre Peninsula Groundwater Dependent Ecosystem Scoping Study

• Regional geology mapping; • Department of Water, Conservation and Biodiversity obswell groundwater level and salinity data archives; • Department of Water, Conservation and Biodiversity drillhole lithology/drillers logs; and • Remote sensing of vegetation vigour (NDVI). Appendix A summarises how each dataset was used for assessing the location and extent of potential GDEs in the study areas and outlines the associated limitations in the current study.

SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ

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