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\ PET HEAL'. BOWSER goes'.to ' college How Important are LaboratorjfJests ? VANISHING • SPECIES

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NOTE: We are very sorry the first half of the article on the "Animal Health Foundation" was inadvertently omit­ ted in the July-August issue. It ap­ pears in this issue. Ed.

People who are interested in a future professional life which is rewarding and profitable should look into the possibility of entering the "Para Veterinary Medical" profession. During the past two decades there has been a tremendous increase in the (SSSfljjfeiDE demands of Veterinary Medicine, and Official Journal of the Animal Health Foundation on animal care and hearth. the profession has been over-burdened trying to fill these demands with grad­ SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 1972 Volume 3 Number 5 uate veterinarians. Educational institutions cannot fill ARTICLES these vacancies due to a lack of monies and the faculty necessary to expand Animal Health Care, Norene Harris 6 and admit more veterinary students Health Of The Cat And Its Relationship To The Owner, each year. The educational committees Louis J. Camuti, D. V.S 8 of the state and national associations The Man By The Road, Lee A very 10 have been researching the possibilities It's A Dog's Life Underground,/oe A lex Morris, Jr. 12 of training and licensing persons in the Animals Of The World, L. M. Fitzgerald 13 field of Para Veterinary Medicine. Vixens, Viruses, And Vaccines, James R. Olson 14 Heretofore state laws have limited The Show Must Go On- And Does, Hilarie Edwards 16 the type of duties of lay assistants and The City Child And The Zoo, Ellsworth Boyd 18 most of the veterinary duties had to be In Search of the Grizzly and Other Vanishing Species, performed by a graduate and licensed Thomas Snortum, D. V.M. 20 veterinarian. With the modern animal Bowser Goes To College, Felicia Ames 22 hospitals and clinics organized as they How Important Are Laboratory Tests?,Brian H. Baker, MT 24 are, there is a feeling that many of Battle of the Cats, Ella Duncan 30 these procedures could be performed by a trained lay person if done under DEPARTMENTS the direct supervision of a licensed veterinarian. We have always had lay Pet Shopper 4 people to do the menial tasks in these What's New? 26 hospitals but most of the training has been on the job and very little formal education was obtained. William K. Riddell, D.V.M Editorial Director The demands at present are great Norene Harris Associate Editor for para medics and when, in the near Pamela Bradley Assistant future, standards are established, there Millwood A. Custer, D.V.M.. Small Animals Editor will be even greater demands over the Charles H. Reid, D.V.M Equine Editor nation for people to fill these newly Robert J. Schroeder, D.V.M Ecology & Public Health Editor formed vacancies. There are few Oscar W. Schalm. D.V.M Research Editor schools offering a formal course at this Wesley A. Young, D.V.M Exotic Animals Editor time as a format has not been finalized for licensing. The latter should be Bill Williams Art Director completed soon. If you are interested Laura Tracy Advertising Director in serving the profession, investigate your junior college, college, technical Address all advertising and editorial communications to ANIMAL CAVALCADE, 11926 schools, and correspondent schools Santa Monica Blvd., Los Angeles, California 90025. Area Code 213, 826-3647. All and educate yourself in the areas of editorial correspondence and manuscripts must be accompanied by a stamped self-ad­ Anatomy, Physiology, Bacteriology, dressed envelope. Zoology, Radiology, Animal Hygiene, Animal Husbandry, Office Procedures, Bookkeeping and any subject in the SUBSCRIPTIONS AND CHANGE OF ADDRESS field of animal science. These are Send subscriptions and change of address to ANIMAL HEALTH FOUNDATION, 8338 offered in most areas and in most Rosemead Boulevard, Pico Rivera, Calif. 90660. Be sure to notify us of your change of schools. When it is necessary to obtain address at least six weeks before the change is made, including an address label clipped a license in the "Para Veterinary Medi­ from your latest copy. Give both your old and new address and include your ZIP CODE. cal" field, you will be well prepared. Many people who have been inter­ COVER ested in animal care and veterinary Carmie, flower loving Basset Hound/Beagle is the pride and joy of the Sisters at medicine have applied for admission to the Carmel of St. Teresa in Alhambra, California. She's heaven scent! a veterinary school have been refused ANIMAL CAVALCADE is published bi-monthly by Continental Publishing Corp. for the for many reasons — lack of space in Animal Health houndation, 8338 Rosemead Blvd., Pico Rivera, Calif. 90660. Single copies .60$. 12-issue subscription, $6.00; additional gift subscriptions (if ordered at same time), continued on page 12 $4.00 each. Copyright, 1972, Continental Publishing Corp. 3 "HOT PANTS" FOR PET SET

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by Norene Harris NH: What would the charge on this more, we didn't have the staff to treatment normally have been? screen large numbers of applicants. What is Animal Health Care? Who HM: In this case the regular cost NH: It sounds as if this original plan sponsors it? Am I eligible? These are would have been $123.50 for the did not materialize? the kinds of questions which have surgery, X-rays, lab, hospital, and nurs­ HM: Unfortunately, we quickly dis­ been directed to our magazine since its ing cost. Obviously, each case varies covered that we couldn't handle all the inception. To get the full story, ANI­ according to the services required. requests on our present budget. Now MAL CAVALCADE interviewed Mr. NH: Did the veterinarian receive we only accept elderly citizens who Harry Maiden, Executive Director of any compensation from the Animal have no other income but social secur­ the Animal Health Foundation. Mr. Health Foundation? ity. In many cases, this individual's pet Maiden not only commented on the HM: In this case, the student felt so is his or her only emotional outlet; what and why of Animal Health Care, responsible for the dog that despite his pets give the elderly something to do but also explained in depth this unique own limited income, he actually each day and someone to whom they experiment in veterinarian concern - donated $35.00 to the Animal Health can express and from whom they can person to person, veterinarians to ani­ Care Fund, and the veterinarian receive love. Also, in many cases a dog mals - Foundation to people and their absorbed the amount in its entirety. serves as a guardian as well as a pets. companion for an elderly person. For NH: I want to get right to the heart these reasons, we gave this group our of the program. Can you explain Ani­ first priority. mal Health Care to our readers by NH: Are there any other extenu­ using some example of an actual case i ating circumstances which might history? prompt Animal Health Care? HM: Indeed I can. Let me cite this HM: Yes. We do help out in crisis one: A college student from the Uni­ situations where there is no other versity of Southern California was source of help. traveling along the freeway on the NH: How does the plan operate? center lane. Much to his dismay he HM: The Animal Health Founda­ suddenly saw what appeared to be an tion originally planned to open an injured animal lying on the fast lane to Animal Health Center - a central place his left. Immediately he went to the in which sick and injured animals nearest off ramp and got off the > would be treated. This plan was freeway in order to retrace his steps. abandoned - for the time being, at This time when he approached the least - as it is not practical for elderly injured dog, he pulled quickly into the Checking out the break on X-rays. people. Many of these people are often emergency parking zone, rushed out too ill to travel, many cannot drive onto the freeway and lifted the animal NH: In this case then, the veterin­ and many cannot afford the transpor­ into his car. arian felt a sense of responsibility both tation costs. Our alternative, therefore, NH: He actually risked his own life toward the dog and the young man. was to refer individuals to the nearest to save the dog's? Perhaps we would do well to back­ participating veterinarian in their area. HM: Fortunately, the risk was not track for a moment and find out how NH: How many veterinarians are in vain. He rushed the dog to a nearby this program of Animal Health Care involved in this program? veterinary hospital where the animal began and by whom? HM: In Los Angeles County and received immediate treatment. Surgery HM: The program of Animal Health Orange County - both in Southern was required along with an insertion of Care, administered through the Animal California - there are over 300 veterin­ a pin into the broken leg. Health Foundation, began approxi­ arians cooperating with the program. I mately three years ago in response to a think it's important for me to say here need for this type of service. There that the Animal Health Foundation are, of course, other organizations originally intended to implement a fee devoted to helping animals, but the schedule for these types of cases which Animal Health Foundation is the only would provide free veterinary care one offering aid to sick animals and insofar as the time and services of the sponsored by the veterinary pro­ veterinarian were concerned, but fession. It is a pilot program at the assumed that the Foundation would present time and one which we hope pay for all other costs. will extend to other parts of the NH: I presume that this original country. plan has not yet been worked out? NH: Who qualifies for Animal HM: It was decided that such a dual Health Care? effort would not be practical until the HM: Originally, anyone in need. Animal Health Foundation had been That is, anyone receiving aid under a able to set aside the sum of social welfare program - such as the $20,000.00 specifically for Animal aged, the sick, children, and the handi­ Health Care. Keep in mind that this The veterinarian who came to the capped. We assumed that such individ­ takes some doing since the Foundation dog's rescue and the student's aid uals had already been screened by is a non-profit organization. shows the type of pin used in the professional social workers and were NH: How are costs being handled surgery. found entitled to receive aid. Further­ until such time as you reach this goal? G continued on page 8 continued from page 6 HM: So far each case we have taken and was found bleeding from the little publicity for so much voluntary care of has been entirely paid for by mouth. The mother had six children service? the veterinarians involved - including and was on welfare. The social worker HM: The truly dedicated veterin­ outside costs, as well as their own time on the case referred her to us and we arian - quite like the dedicated person and services. These cooperating veter­ came to her aid. in general - does what needs to be inarians have pledged us this support NH: I would imagine that there done, in this case, giving medical help until we reach our goal. were six very happy children as a to sick pets of the elderly or needy. He NH: What is the objection to con­ result? wants to help the needy, not con­ tinuing the program on the present HM: For children who are already tribute to the greedy. And he doesn't basis? deprived, pets often have a very special expect an "Oscar" for his work! HM: I believe it's necessary and significance. NH: Many people would probably realistic for people to realize that no NH: Do you feel most people who argue that he deserves one! community has been called upon to apply for Animal Health Care are *ANIMAL CA VALCADE will run the build an animal hospital; this is sincere? 2nd half of this interview in its entirely a personal expense of the HM: In my experience, the over­ Nov. I Dec. issue. "What Else is the AHF veterinarian. To construct and equip a whelming majority have been entirely Doing and Why?" modern private animal hospital today genuine. requires from $100,000 to $250,000. NH: Do the individuals you assist It's one thing for us to ask the ever try to repay what they can? veterinarian to donate his time and HM: They certainly do. In one case, services, but quite another to expect a German Shepherd took ill. His owner THE HEALTH OF THE CAT I him to pay all the other additional had been a heart attack victim for five AND ITS RELATIONSHIP expenses for such things as lab fees, years and the dog served as both TO THE OWNER J medication, hospitalization charges, companion and guardian. In apprecia­ 1 By Louis J. Camuti, D.V.S. etc. tion for our help, the owner and his NH: Does Animal Health Care pay wife pledged $5.00 per month as a The cat has been blamed for a lot of for neutering and spaying? donation to the Animal Health Care ailments to which humans have been HM: Since there are other organiza­ fund until such time as they had subject for thousands of years. In tions which provide this service for contributed enough to replenish what some civilizations they were credited people in need, we do not offer any they had depleted from the fund. with being sacred but by and large, the elective surgery. Our services are NH: Any other examples of this cat was considered more on the nega­ limited to sick and injured animals. type? tive side. In spite of this poor image, it NH: What do you estimate the total HM: Another lady we helped also managed not only to survive for thou­ amount of Animal Health Care given pledged $5.00. In the meantime, she sands of years, but to reach the heights to date under this program? moved to another state. Despite this, of popularity it now enjoys, and as far HM: A 20% random survey was she has continued to send us $5.00 as I am concerned, it will be here for made of all veterinary hospitals in Los each month for 22 months! It's impor­ generations to come. Angeles and Orange Counties, amount­ tant to remember that any donations Within my time I have heard the cat ing to 430 hospitals. On an average to the Animal Health Care Fund are accused of being responsible, or par­ each hospital was and is contributing made on a purely voluntary basis. tially so, for at least four human $52.00 of free work per week. This These people don't want something diseases. makes a total of $$22,360.00 of free for nothing; they want to donate During 1932, in Metropolitan New services per week for this group of 430 whatever they can to the Animal York there was a severe outbreak of hospitals. Health Care Fund. In this case, the feline panleukopenia commonly called NH: That would make an incredibly woman has long since repaid to the "feline distemper," which I feel is a high yearly estimate? Fund what she used, and is currently misnomer. Soon after the onset of this HM: In point of fact, it amounts to pledging simply to help others. epidemic, I became greatly disturbed $1,163,320.00 worth of free service NH: After your funds have grown, at the frequency with which clients of per year. Just project this nationally, what other individuals do you hope to mine were asking me to destroy their and see what the figure would be. aid? cats. On investigation I found out that NH: Can you give me another HM: We want to extend aid to all some physicians were recommending example of the type of case being truly needy people who are unable to the riddance of the cat, because—they handled free of charge and the costs care for their sick animals. said—this feline panleukopenia could which would normally be involved? NH: Is this type of program going be a possible cause of a type of human HM: Here's a good one. A dog who on in other states? pneumonia which at that time was was blind in one eye and going blind in HM: Many other states and areas of called "cat pneumonia." Eventually, the other was brought in for examina­ the country are watching our program the name was changed to virus pneu­ tion. The veterinarian handling the and receiving reports on its progress. monia. After a while the fear subsided, case referred it to a colleague who They are doing so with the idea in and the cat was let alone for a while. specializes in this type of surgery. The mind of possibly implementing similar ' Some years afterwards, it was "dis­ operation was successful and the dog's programs in their own locales. There covered" that another terrible disease sight was restored in the one eye. are also other types of veterinary was being transmitted to humans. This NH: What did the surgery cost? organizations designed to aid the disease was called "cat scratch fever", HM: It would have cost $270.00. needy getting underway in other a form of lymphadenitis. Some hos­ Remember that surgery to save an states. pitals organized special clinics for the animal's eye is a similar operation to NH: Is Animal Health Care the only diagnosis and treatment of this condi­ one which is performed to save a program funded by the Animal Health tion. Here again the whole situation human eye. In this case, the veterin­ Foundation? was blown out of proportion in the lay arian absorbed the entire fee. HM: No, it is only one of several media, and in some instances even the NH: What type of emergency case key programs. But to explain all of professional publications gave it some would your program aid? them would require another inter­ attention. HM: We had one recently in which a view!* But the cat was not long in escaping Siamese cat was hit by an automobile NH: Why do veterinarians receive so culpability. This time the poor cat was 8 involved in causing leukemia in chil­ dren! While the admission was made that only one-seventh of the yearly incidence of child leukemia could be this Christmas... give caused by sick cats, the publicity had serious implications. The original harsh and cold statements were later tem­ pered by the researchers saying that a year of "For the moment at least, much greater study must be made to prove this hypothesis". Here again, I never saw a case of child leukemia in any of the numerous homes that housed the thousands of sick cats I have treated. In the meantime, the poor cat has gotten another black eye. We will probably hear more on this. The new­ est condition, which has been given greater publicity than any of the other diseases, is toxoplasmosis. The cause is D 12 Issues a protozoan which is apparently com­ mon to all warm-blooded animals, wild D 24 Issues or domesticated, living in all parts of the world, or on any earth-like planet ADDITIONAL POSTAGE: Canada, Latin America & Spain $2.00; in the universe! There isn't any ques­ Other Foreign $4.00 per year tion that it existed long before the publicity boys decided to give it a ride. Your Name. The.AVMA, in the February 15, 1970 A VMA Journal mentions that an Street English scientist had discovered the presence of antibodies caused by toxo­ City State Zip plasmosis infestation in the blood of human adults having possibly been Q Enter a new subscription in- my name infected by their cat or dog. Further back, it was established in animals that congenital infection could be trans­ Please Enter the Following Gift Subscriptions: mitted to the fetus when the dam has additional gift subscriptions (if ordered at same time), $4.00 each. an acute infection before the anti­ $8.00 each. bodies are present. However, infected animals do not seem to transmit the To infection in following pregnancies. While this is all old hat, the tremen­ Street dous publicity, (including that of the prestigious March of Dimes Founda­ City State Zip tion) has caused the usually non-commital AVMA to send out a Gift card to read: "From. letter on the subject. I am in no way trying to imply that D 12 Issues D 24 Issues all these studies are incorrect, or that there is no valid evidence that the cat To is in any way associated with these diseases. My point is that the veterinar­ Street ian, now that the fat is in the fire, in his capacity, should of necessity ex­ City State Zip. plain to cat owners that the strong Gift card to read: "From. statements and intense popular press publicity should be judged as being D 12 Issues • 24 Issues written to get maximum public atten­ tion and effect. This over-emphasis always has two effects on the public, To both of which are extremes: on the one hand, the owners will dispose of Street the cat; and on the other, completely ignore the warnings. That is where our City State Zip job comes in. The practitioner should Gift card to read: "From brief them on the common-sense approach toward these reports, so that • 12 Issues • 24 Issues by proper caution and awareness the owners can obviate these untoward real or suspected effects so that they I enclose $ to cover. subscriptions. can live happily with their cats. Reprinted courtesy: FELINE PRACTICE, 8338 ROSEMEAD BLVD., PICO RIVERA, CA. 90660 Mar ./April. 1972 He was a dark, heavy-set man, wear­ she continued, "Nice sunny day. ing a fedora, and, except in deep People goin' to the beach don't do summer, an overcoat over his suit. In much gift buy in' on the nice very hot weather he'd wear a dark blue days. . .takes a good rainy spell. suit, with shirt and tie and hat. He Course, if anyone comes, I'll have to would be walking slowly along, or stop." standing, staring at each car as it "Of course," I said. Sally and Betty passed. He always seemed to be chew­ were seated now, and our storyteller ing — but whether it was tobacco, perched on a high stool by the gum, or merely a nervous habit, we counter, looking important. couldn't tell. "Well, Joe was the oldest" she Every time my sister and I went to began, smoothing imaginary wrinkles the cottage, we passed him. Sometimes in her crisp, printed apron. "His pa Sally would wave, but there was never was no good. Drank. Ran off. Just Joe a flicker of response. We made up wild left, and his ma, and a bunch of kids. stories about him — maybe because he His ma wasn't much, but she was neat looked like an inoffensive gangster. He and proud. 'Joe', she used to say, 'Even had buried his wife, we said, and then if you ain't bright at learnin', you can the road had been built, and now he look like somebody.' People gave them was going up and down, hunting for cast-off clothes, and she kept Joe the spot where her body lay. We called dressed up all the time, never let him him The Man. "Look, there he is!" go barefoot, or play like the others. we'd call out triumphantly when we 'You're the man now', she'd say, and saw him. "There's The Man!" him only twelve, 'And you got to look One day we were taking Sally's like one.' Course he really didn't mind friend Betty to the cottage, but when givin' up school - he wasn't bright, and she saw the basket shop, she asked to he knew it." stop. An elderly couple greeted us "Then, one by one, the little ones pleasantly, and the girls were urged to died. Puny lot, they was - don't browse around and see everything. remember how many. Just Joe and his I was standing by the window and I ma left, then. He'd do any kind of odd saw The Man go by. Curiosity over­ job to support them - but he was came me. I turned to the proprietor, always dressed up - hat and coat, shirt who was sitting by the counter, puf­ and tie, like his ma told him." fing on a corncob pipe. "Finally, his ma died too. And Joe "Could you tell me who he is?" I was alone in the house. Never had a the asked. "We see him so often on our girl, Joe didn't. He was scairt of them, way to the beach." I guess. And he had a funny kind of He followed my glance out the lisp . . .lost most of his teeth young. window. "That's Joe Herndon." No money for dentists. Never could Suddenly I hated to have The Man even get drafted. Army didn't want man have a name! Some of the mystery him. What'd they call it, Andrew?" seemed gone . . .he was flesh and "4-F," said her husband. blood! But I had started it. "That's it - 4-F he was. Well, then "Live around here?" I asked. this dog come to him. It was a real big "Used to," he said. "Sit down," he dog, scrawny thing with a bushy tail - added, pointing to a chair beside him. no special kind — Collie, sort-of. But "Looks like they'll be a while." (Sally he came to Joe, and Joe fed him, and by and Betty had followed the woman he stayed. My, I tell you, Joe changed outside to look at more baskets.) a lot. He'd go uptown and he'd talk to "Used to live right on this folks - brag about his dog. King, he road . . .down a piece. Before the State called him. Said he was a king of put the new road in. Lost his house, dogs." the then. Had to move way across town. "Well, he must of had him six years. Gets up about sunrise every day — They was always together, Joe and hikes over here. Stays till dark. Some- King . . .they'd walk all over town, .times after." King prancin' along ahead, and then "We've wondered about him," I runnin' back to Joe and kind of road said. "He must have a story." laughin' like. Made you ache to see "Sure," He puffed on his pipe. them, but it was a good ache, they was "Always here. Looking for his dog." so happy. Then one day, Joe let King The proprietor's wife and the girls, out in the morning, like always, and he with their purchases, were coming in didn't come back. He called and By Lee Avery now, and the woman spoke as they called, Joe did, called King all over neared us. "Way you say it!" she town, but no King. The little Currie He was always by the road. No snapped. "You have to tell the whole girl said she'd seen a car stop, and a matter what time of day or time of story. Poor Joe. Never had nothin'." man get out and drag King into the year we passed, (although, of course, She rang up the sales. car. No, King wouldn't-a bitten the we didn't go to the cottage in the "Would you tell us?" I asked. man r best natured dog you ever seen. winter) he was there. Always within "We've been interested in him." "Joe was like a wild one for awhile. the same mile stretch of road, some­ "Well, all right," she said. "Andrew, He'd stop every car, or try to, to ask if where between the basket place and get a couple of chairs out back for they'd seen King. Finally he quieted the cluster of stores at the pond. these girls." While he went for them, down. 'I got it figured out,' he says to 10 Andrew. 'Kings a smart dog. Smarter'n me. They can carry him off, Presents the Latest Concept in but they can't make him stay. King'll Grooming and Veterinary Equipment. come home, no matter where they PETLIFT... THE PETLIFT is so different ... so take him.' So he'd sit in front of his Unique ... IT MAS BEEN GRANTED Hydraulic and Electrical Pet Lifts. With these new AHD FULLY PROTECTED BY U S PATENT and attractively designed tables, quality grooming and house, or by the window, every day, NO. 0-222836. pet care is only a toe's touch away. and he'd watch and he's listen. He Single foot control lever which swivels to a full 360° is always in easy reach of your toe. Tables raise from 30" to 38V2" and can be never lost hope, 'No knowin' how far locked at any height and position. A conveniently located drawer under table top saves you precious time and steps. Plus a strong, height they took him,' he'd say. 'Maybe to adjustable holding arm bracket. Petlift is guaranteed for 5 years. California, to put him in the movies. He'll come home, King will!'" NEW NEW NEW ANOTHER FIRST BY PETLIFT^ PRESENTING NEW CONCEPTS IN PET GROOMING AND veterinary EQUIP­ "Les Wilkins never liked Joe . . .big, MENT Styled exclusively for the animal handler, our new PET-BATH has loud-mouthed bully, Les was, and he all these features for easy handling of your pet, in the Bath. Stainless steel tub 13V2" deep & stopper all in one for quick tried to tell Joe that King wouldn't 22" x 42" inside drainage ever come back. Said King had prob­ 24" x 48" outside Optional feature-dissappearing 36" off floor slide-out tray for drying off ably been run over . . .not much loss, a Deck mounted diverter faucet your pet. mutt like that! Nobody ever seen Joe with automatic water mix, and Bakelite apron on an attractive gentle spray so mad . . .he like to have killed Les, open bottom steel stand for Deck mount spout for tub easy faucet, trap and drainage took him by surprise, and he made filling hookup ELIMINATES compli­ cated and expensive plumbing him say it wasn't so, before he let him 3V2" wide mouth drain, strainer work. up. Les wanted to have Joe locked up, PROFESSIONALIZE YOUR GROOMING SALON with PETLIFT but the police talked to Joe, and he Wholesalers andJobbers inquiry invited—write: promised to leave Les alone." PETLIFT 1256 MYRTLE AVE., BROOKLYN, NY 11221 "Well, then it happened." Phone (212) GL 5-4907 "What happened?" I asked. (Pat. Pding) "The State decided to build this road. We'd been hearin' about it for a long time, Andrew and me, but we wasn't worried - we was far enough back. But Joe's house wasn't. "They took house, land and all. He CALIFORNIA S stayed 'till the last day, and then they SAN FRANCISCO, had to make him come out. You saw it, Andrew." LOCATION Walk lo Fisherman's Wharf Her husband spoke. "There was two • FREE COLOR TV State men, leadin' him and talkin' nice • FREE CONTINENTAL to him. And Joe was cryin' . . .all BREAKFAST dressed up, like he'd been taught, but VAN NESS HAS • FREE PARKING cryin' like a baby. He kept sayin' • FREE AM FM RADIO 'How'll he find me? Smart dog can't • FREE ICE MODERATE RATES find a house that ain't there!'" V, V Most Credit Cards Honored The woman picked up the story f " \* MOTEL Bank Americard • Master again. "It wasn't no use. He had to 2850 Van Ness Ave. (U. S. 101) Charge • American Express leave. He got lodgin' with some rela­ one block from Van Ness and Diners Club • Carte Blanch tive of his ma's, across • town. He Lombard Intersection. Mobile • Petrofina wouldn't work no more, but of course, ^ • Telephone 415 776-3220 Atlantic/Richfield he had money from the State now. The next mornin' he started . . .hiked way over here, and spent the whole day walkin' up and down. Said he had BE SURE WITH to be here when King came back. ^sl THE ORIGINAL Every day he comes, except maybe in AND PATENTED winter, when he can't get through. He'll bring a hunk of bread or a FLEA-KILLING banana or somethin' - don't eat right. DOG & CAT Sometimes I give him some of what we COLLARS have, and he'll rest here awhile, or at the pond below. But he don't rest long. He'll jump up and say 'I gotta be Ace tFLIMOLLAR' out there, 'case he comes.'" FLEA-KILLING COLLARS "Looking for his dog," Sally said FREE FOR CATS AND DOGS musingly. "Poor man! We're pushovers BOOKLET This informative Lasts mmmjmm for dogs in our family." 1 h%& £*££& 3a$tf | Something bothered me. "But," I booklet contains J >^[UiACOLLAR 5 protested, "this road isn't new. Hasn't important facts Weeks it been here a long time?" every pet owner "Twenty-five years," said our hos­ should know tess. about fleas and SAFE — EFFICIENT flea-control. "But the dog ..." I blurted out. ^ THEY WORK! ' —-r~ j - "The dog couldn't come back now!" Write for your The proprietor struck a match and FREE copy. held it to his pipe, puffing. "That's SEND $2.00 FOR 3 ACE FLEACOLLARS (POSTPAID) right," he said, blowing the match out. ACE FLEACOLLAR, BOX 236, DEPT. AC-5 ROCHESTER. N.Y. 14601 says a councilman. But the fight goes on. it's a The Dog Friends' Association has m m filed suit in the local court, basing their case on the European Convention on Human Rights and Freedom. They DOGS also got a petition going and claim 6000 signatures - not bad for an island of 200,000. LIFE The brunt of their argument is that the City Council based its rejection of dogs on reports which were "scientifi­ underground cally unsatisfactory, misleading and one-sided." These stressed health, sani­ tation, and societal problems. By Joe Alex Morris, Jr. On the crucial issue of litter, these L.A. Times Service dog lovers said in their second peti­ tion: "It is no more dangerous than that of wildcats which abound in Reykjavik." Reykjavik, Iceland They also stressed the positive, psychiatric benefit of dog-keeping on the owners, which they saw as an Mischa is a fugitive from justice. He lovers. They asked the City Council in emotional outlet and foundation for was waiting in the comfortable living 1969 and then again two years later, good mental health. Many Reykjavik room of Dr. Jakob Jonasson, a con­ to lift the ban. children would be better off if they sulting psychiatrist who has openly They were turned down both times, had dogs, claims Dr. Jonasson. flaunted Icelandic authorities by har­ and the City Council set a deadline of The Health Council shot back: boring him. September 1, 1971, for all illegal dogs instead of dogs, give lonely people Mischa cannot leave the house, ex­ to disappear. Previously, the dogs ille­ greater contact with other human cept for furtive rides into the country­ gally in the city had been tolerated so beings. side. If he is seen in public, or if a long as they didn't get into trouble. The dog lovers have pulled out all neighbor complains about his pres­ I regard it as a death sentence for stops. They pointed out that President ence, it could be curtains. dogs," says Dr. Jonasson, "The taking Nixon likes dogs and that the presi­ of a beloved member of the family and Mischa is a domesticated version of dent of Iceland has one (he lives just sentencing him to death." the fierce Icelandic shepherd dogs. Dr. outside the city limits). Halldor Laxness, Iceland's Nobel Jonasson, his owner, is a leader of the But they appear destined to remain Prize-winning poet, compared the cam­ movement to give dogs a dog's life in a small if determined minority. Says paign against dog owners with the Nazi the capital of Iceland. one councilman: "We don't have a dog persecution of the Jews. The World Now, they don't have even that problem here. I can't see why we Federation for the Protection of Ani­ much. Since 1924, dogs have been should create one." forbidden in Reykjavik. mals joined in with an appeal to the But now, some people want to Prime Minister. Reprinted From: San Francisco Chronical & change all this. Dr. Jonasson is a The dog lovers had taken the initia­ Examiner 7/30/72 founder of the Dog Friends' Associa­ tive because the original reason for tion, established in 1969 and now banning dogs appeared to be outdated. claiming some 500 members in Back in the last century, Iceland Reykjavik. was an impoverished island of shep­ The association, backed up to some herds. The Icelandic dogs ran almost extent by animal lovers' associations wild and often contracted hydatids, a EDITOR'S NOTEBOOK around the world, is campaigning to tapeworm cyst, from the sheep. This get the dog ban lifted. If nothing else in turn they could pass on to men, and continued from page 3 works, it plans to take the case to the the disease could be fatal. Human Rights Courts at Strassbourg, Today, the disease has virtually dis­ schools, lack of academic requirements claiming that Article 8 of the Euro­ appeared. But this did not overly or lack of money to spend six to eight pean Human Rights Convention is impress the City Council: it voted 14-1 years in veterinary school. Many of violated by the anti-dog legislation. against the dog lovers, and set the these applicants eventually turn away Article 8 stresses the sanctity of the September 1 deadline last year. from the field. These are the people individual's right to privacy and prop­ The result was near hysteria, not we will be looking for in the para erty, except in such cases where the only in Iceland but throughout the medical field and the growing demand commonwealth dictates otherwise. dog-loving world. Especially in Britain, will be for persons with an interest and "You can't say dog-keeping injures which sent teams of reporters to natural ability to handle animals and the general welfare," says Dr. Reykjavik in readiness for the day of apply their skills. The educational re­ Jonasson, a balding, smallish man with decision or — as they thought — quirements will be less than the gradu­ a trim moustache. extermination. ate veterinarian but the association The first steps taken by dog lovers September 1 came and went, and and respect involved should by have not been crowned with success. there was no mass slaughter. Police psychologically and financially reward­ Rather, the reverse has happened, and told dog owners they would not force ing. the illegal dogs in Reykjavik (estimates them to give up their hounds, but any The medical profession has regis­ range from 300 to 2000 in this city of dog which bites someone or is found tered nurses; the dental profession has 90,000 people) are now living in the loose is liable to be picked up and dental hygienists and assistants. Veter­ shadow of death sentences. exterminated. inary medicine is the next horizon. It happened because of the dog "We are now doing it by attrition," -William K. Riddell, D. V.M- 12 animals of the world ... By L. M. Fitzgerald

The names of 144 animals of the world are to be found in the maze of letters. They read forward, backward, down, up or diagonally. Circle each one as you find it. Check those you circled with the list on page 29

H I P P 0 P 0 T U M u S E A L I 0 N A C I L E P 0 E N I R E V L 0 W 0 0 D C H U C K 0 A L A 0 M 0 A D N A P H A L A N G E R U M E L E T A R L A P E N G U I N 0 I L A N C A M E L E L R C M A R 0 C L L E S A E W R G 0 A T G M 0 L E U K A F M E H A T R H C R I U E B R R 0 0 T F P G U D F 0 P I Y 0 A P 0 E K S R E I A R N X I H N D I U S 0 M A R G A Y G A U R P B E I K N S A A U L B E L P G R U N 0 I 0 W L A 0 B L E Y H N L K L E T E A N A 0 T T T A P I R U U L Y L E T M 0 0 S E T N A P C H E E T A H B L L A M A R A A P P 0 F N Z T A H E K N U K S E E L R C V W B N A 0 0 F A E U N I R E T T 0 A Z R F B H R 0 M A Y S G A N E G G P A N E T R A M R A 0 I E L 0 T A S N R T K N 0 M U K R E G R U I W C N S F W E M U 0 I E C A L U G 0 E N J D S U N I C 0 R N E U M M G A 0 R I N A B I E A V K Q Q M H 0 N I H P L 0 D T C 0 N K J M N G C A R S U P I B 0 B C A T 0 R E A G L E M M D I K R A N E A L A A N E Y H R A R E A R E V A E B A K T R T L L D N F 0 X T A P H P L L H A R E B L K V E Z A A G D A S 0 A G 0 A M A C A W C R 0 G N I M A L F E I L T K B N E T E G 0 G N I D N N I c U L P S R H C R S 0 A L S E L A N D V E L U M u E L A H W C 0 I U A K B H S L 0 T H E G N I T N A B C E W E N C M R D D R 0 T C I R T S N 0 C A 0 B A E S R 0 H 0 G 0 E E S I 0 T R 0 T S u P Y T A L P E C C A R Y G E W I S E N T N A R 0 M R 0 C S 0 R E C 0 N I H R The young boy clung desperately to his father. "No, Dad, no! You can't let Doc kill Rover! Not after he saved me from that skunk!" The dog lunged forward, restrained only by a heavy chain. His mouth and jaws were flecked with frothy saliva, his eyes savage, not recognizing the boy and man who had raised him from a puppy.. "It has to be done," the father said, gently prying loose the boy's clutching fingers, and putting a comforting arm around his shoulders. "It isn't that I'm not grateful, but Rover has hydropho­ bia. Doc will put him to sleep. He'd die anyway, but this will save a lot of suffering. A mad dog is a danger to everyone, including himself." Mad dog! Those words are capable of striking terror into entire commun­ ities. Rabid animals are killers, biting everything in their path, infecting other animals with the fatal disease. by James R. Olson The famous Pasteur treatment, usually associated with treating the infection in humans, can also cure rabies in dogs. But only if the disease is diag­ nosed in the early stages. It is simple logic that an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. Anti-rabies vaccines are available to protect your dog before he is infected. Most pet owners have never thought much about the vaccines that guard their dogs from distemper, hepatitis, leptospirosis, and rabies. However, only a few years ago there were no vaccines against these common canine infections. A lot of hard work, by qualified scientists, was necessary to develop them. This story parallels the history of animal biologies. When the first live, modified vac­ cines were produced, the last thing on anyone's mind was protection for dogs. The motivation was somewhat more commercial. The next time you see a sly old fox, tip your hat. That old villain of the local hen house played a premier role in the evolution of canine vaccines. During the years when silver fox furs were at the height of their popu­ larity, the Fromm brothers of Ham­ burg, Wisconsin, were one of the world's largest breeders. Unfortun­ ately, silver foxes have an affinity for several deadly diseases. Because they lived in the closely bunched herds common to a fur farm, an infection, once begun, could have disastrous re­ sults. For two consecutive years, in the early 1920's, a strange epidemic had been raging through the Fromm Com­ pany herds, killing the foxes before their pelts were prime and ready for harvesting. No one knew the nature of the virulent infection. The day of the lone fur trapper had only recently This picture of a dog suffering from rabies need never be taken. Vaccines can passed, and commercial fur farming protect your dog from this dread disease. Be sure your pet has been properly in - was a relatively new enterprise. Medi­ oculated! Photo courtesy: American Veterinary Medical Association cal knowledge concerning the diseases 14 of previously wild animals was prac­ encephalitis and fox distemper. finally conquered. The live, modified tically non-existent. It was obvious Shortly after the Foundation began vaccine was a success. A major advance that the fledgling fur industry was on its work, the 1931 depression dras­ in disease control had been achieved. the verge of destruction unless scien­ tically curtailed the research programs. Having developed the first effective tific help could be obtained to diag­ The project for the development of an protection against fox distemper and nose the illness and develop a suitable encephalitis vaccine was continued, fox encephalitis, Fromm Laboratories remedy. but there were no funds available for began to produce their vaccines for use In 1924, Dr. Robert Green, asso­ further research into distemper. At the on other fox farms. These hard won ciate professor of bacteriology at the time, encephalitis seemed to present successes opened up further possibil­ University of Minnesota, who had the most serious threat to silver foxes. ities in the field of animal biologies. previously done research into fox dis- In 1932, an outbreak of distemper Since canine distemper vaccines had * temper for the Fox Breeder's Associa­ at the fox farms radically changed that not been completely successful for tion, heard about the epidemic on the picture. Distemper kills at least half of foxes, researchers wondered whether Hamburg fox farms. Dr. Green offered the animals contracting the disease, they might not effectively protect i his services to the Fromm Company in with the death rate reaching as high as dogs. After laboratory and field testing return for a herd of red foxes to be 80% of the young animals. A crash of a canine distemper vaccine, Fromm used in experimental study. program to combat the distemper announced that they could produce a Assembling a group of expert asso­ menace was inaugurated. Previous vaccine which would guard dogs ciates, Dr. Green opened a laboratory research by the Fox Breeder's Associa­ against distemper. As a result of the on the fox farm, working out of a tion, and by scientists working on research for silver foxes, the first live, converted warehouse. The researchers canine distemper, had already accom­ modified, government approved vac­ became convinced that the mysterious plished a great deal. The disease was cine for use in dogs was available to infection was a virus which attacked known to be caused by a filterable veterinarians everywhere. the higher centers of the nervous virus, an organism so small that it One advance led to another. In the system, principally the capillary bed of passes through filters that would stop mid-1940's, researchers discovered the brain. However, it was not until ordinary bacteria. As a result of this that infectious canine hepatitis was 1927, after three years of intensive early research, a distemper vaccine, of actually the old culprit, fox encephal­ study, that a virus culture was isolated inactivated virus, was already available itis, except that the canine infection from the brain and spinal cord of a for use in dogs. attacked the dog's liver instead of the dead fox. The disease produced by this Because the distemper virus is capillary bed of the brain as in foxes. virus was named, "fox encephalitis". highly infectious and can be carried by A vaccine against canine hepatitis was With the agent identified and iso­ air currents and inanimate objects, a then developed. lated, it was possible to proceed with more isolated laboratory was needed. A good scientist is always alert to attempts to produce a vaccine. While A bankrupt fox farm was purchased possible new avenues of research. One this necessarily slow research was not far from Thiensville, Wisconsin. such researcher noticed that there was begun, something had to be done As the race to produce a distemper a striking similarity between the immediately to arrest the epidemic vaccine proceeded, the desperate fox symptoms of canine hepatitis and which was rampant among the foxes. breeders used every means available to canine distemper, which often occur Serums, prepared from hyperimmune combat the epidemic. Because dogs simultaneously in dogs. Research into red foxes, were used in an effort to and foxes are close cousins, the this relationship resulted in a bivalent save the thousands of dollars worth of anti-distemper vaccines and serums vaccine which gave dogs immunity silver foxes which were dying. produced for canines were tried, but against both diseases with one inocula­ Serums are fluids obtained from the without great success. Foxes con­ tion. Later, a single vaccine effective blood of an animal which had been tinued to die by the thousands. against canine hepatitis, distemper, exposed to a particular virus and sur­ Even while the scientists struggled and leptospira was developed. vived. This fluid contains substances to find a defense against distemper, Today all major biological com­ called antibodies, which have been research was continued into fox panies produce the vaccines which manufactured by the immune host, to encephalitis. In 1936, Fromm Labora­ were pioneered through this research. fight and destroy the invading virus. tories announced a method to give A comparatively recent major When a serum is injected into an immunity in fox encephalitis by means breakthrough in animal biologies unprotected animal, the borrowed of three injections given at three week occurred in the development of a new antibodies provide a temporary im­ intervals. The first injection was of rabies vaccine. Rabies is caused by a munity to the infection. Serums offer dead virus to raise the fox's threshold virus that attacks the central nervous only short term protection, and are of immunity. The second, of live virus system of the affected animal. All generally used in the treatment of a combined with serum from hyper­ warm-blooded animals can spread the » disease rather than as a protective or immune foxes, gave a mild attack of disease, usually by a bite which con­ immunizing agent. Obviously only a encephalitis. The third injection, of taminates the wound with the virus in vaccine would give the long lasting serum alone, was intended to carry the the saliva of a rabid animal. Because protection necessary to save the silver weaker foxes until they developed rabies remains a potentially dangerous foxes. sufficient antibodies of their own to public health problem, considerable Vaccines are solutions consisting of provide immunity. work had already been done on com­ killed or attenuated (weakened) In May, 1938, when another serious bating the disease in domestic animals. viruses, which enable the natural body distemper epidemic broke out among Effective vaccines were available, but defenses to manufacture their own the silver foxes, Fromm Laboratories they frequently had serious side antibodies, thereby giving the vaccin­ was forced to attempt to halt the effects. Viruses must have living tissue ated individual immunity to any spread of the disease with a live, in which to grow. Since the rabies further attacks. modified vaccine they had been devel­ virus attacks the nerve centers, it had Early in 1930, the scope of the oping, even though they were not always been considered necessary to research had outgrown the converted certain it would be effective. Under produce attenuated viruses in the warehouse on the Hamburg farm. The the most trying conditions, faced with tissue from the brain or spinal cord. Fromm-Green Research Foundation, the possible destruction of the entire Although extreme care was exercised located in Thiensville, Wisconsin, was silver fox herd, vaccinations were in the preparation of these vaccines, it established to investigate both fox begun. The epidemic was slowed, and continued on page 30 15 — the SHOW must go on ...and does!

by Hilarie Edwards

As the American passion for their pets climbs to an all-time high, atten­ dance at dog shows continues to soar. And whatever your preference, big / dogs or small ones, long-haired or short, working or sporting, you can take your pick (in terms of partici­ pants), particularly at the larger shows. Depending on the type and size of show, some include both show and obedience trials. Others are limited to one or the other. (The larger shows are often a combination of both.) The annual Kennel Club of Beverly Hills' (California) All-Breed Show is one of the largest in the country. This year the viewing public had an oppor­ tunity to "ooh and aah" over some 3,180 dogs. While a 4-year-old Peking­ ese did win "best-in-show" out of this If ever they bring back the crew-cut, I'm a gonner! - Photos by John Bright considerable number (and quite a trib­ Dog Show winners come home with ribbons, trophies and silver bowls. ute it was to its owner), there were also many other fine breeds repre­ -/ sented. A winning poddle claimed a high score of 199 points in obedience, while a German short-haired pointer, a Saluki and a Bedlington Terrier were among other winners. Taking advantage of the California sunshine, a part of the show was staged outdoors. In addition to watch­ ing the dogs compete for honors and attention, visitors had an opportunity to browse in outdoor stands and bring home every conceivable type of doggie accessory and canine equipment. Many a new collar and feeding dish went home to Bowsers who were temporar­ ily upstaged by "competitors" at the show. Depicted on these pages are various doggie-participants in the show — some claiming silver bowls, others rib­ i bons, while others patiently wait their turns to compete for honors. Little doubt that many canines enjoy the excitement of enthusiastic fans and a singular spotlight! Prima ballerinas have nothing on this canine performer! As every good dancer knows, it's all in the balance!

These beautiful dogs look a bit forlorn as they await their turn to be fudged.

1 I ) * by Ellsworth Boyd Supervisor, Towson State College the city child and the zoo

"Can I pet him? Please mister, can I The ant-eater was tame-he The small boy petted the apprecia­ pet him?" A long, lone tear ran down wouldn't harm the boy. It wasn't this, tive, long-nosed creature, fed him the small boy's face and dropped on about which the zoo keeper was con­ some peanuts, then gratefully thanked the ragged cuff of his jacket. cerned. He was puzzled that of all the the man for this special privilege. As the boy's big brown eyes looked animals in the Children's Zoo, the boy And so it was, a child had under­ up at him pleadingly, the zoo attend­ seemed to have fallen in love with one taken a new experience and found a ant unlatched a gate and let the small of the oddest looking and least famil­ strange new animal friend—one that lad pet, of ALL things, an ant-eater! iar pets in the whole place. he'd never forget and one that he could talk and tell about, and best of all read about. When he returned to school that day, the small boy approached his teacher and said, "Miss Oleski, I want to read. I want to read everything I can about ant-eaters!" Prior to his trip to the zoo, this boy had absolutely refused to participate in any reading activity whatsoever, no matter who tried to motivate him. His regular classroom teacher, a special reading teacher, the vice-principal and even the principal had failed to do what one crazy looking ant-eater did, and that was to instill in Steve a desire to read. About six years ago, a number of big cities around the country organ­ ized themselves into a Great Cities School Improvement Program to see how the cities could attack the many problems facing their schools. Baltimore was one of the fourteen original cities participating in this study. One of its major objectives was to improve its overall curriculum in light of motivating children to want to learn. Another objective was to get the children involved - to encourage them to participate actively in various as­ pects of their school program. Because of the limited and meager experiences which are characteristic of many children in deprived city com­ munities, educational trips are particu­ larly valuable. For this reason, Balti­ more City schools decided to utilize field trips to the zoo to prompt youngsters to "want to learn". Just reading and talking about ani­ mals and the zoo is not enough — "seeing is believing," and in the Chil­ dren's Zoo of Druid Hill Park, in Baltimore, pupils get to "see" and "feel" and "feed" many interesting and entertaining animals. Working in a special six week teach­ ing program at P.S. No. 27, a Balti­ more City Elementary School, the The children learned that nanny goats don't have horns, but do have a big thirst! regular teacher, Miss Joan Oleski, and 18 I, worked with eight Towson State ant-eater, and a llama. College student teachers. Together, we Someone very seriously asked, planned a field trip for Miss Oleski's "What do llamas eat?" Laughingly, one third graders to The Children's Zoo in of the children replied, "Llama Druid Hill Park. beans!" Most of these inner-city children Studying these animals from books had never been to a zoo. Prior to the alone wouldn't have meant nearly as trip, their only experience with ani­ much to the children as actually see­ mals had been a glimpse of a stray dog ing, feeding and petting them. And or cat roaming the city's streets. feed and pet them they did! Bread and There's no doubt that our zoo trip peanuts were a favorite with most of triggered many thought provoking the animals, while everyone, both chil­ questions, some before the trip, and dren and teachers, was surprised when even more after it. Before the trip, the zoo attendants served dry spa­ most of the children wanted to know ghetti to many of the animals. what they would see. Stressing that we One child, while observing the hab­ would see only "tame" animals, no its of the llama as she fed him, "wild" ones, the teachers turned the discovered his tongue to be dry and question back to them: "What would rough. you like to see?" The donkeys wouldn't stop Immediate responses were: "Lions, hee-hawing until the children tossed tigers, bears and hippopotamuses." them some straw. Right off the bat we had a general Some of the pupils wondered how understanding to work on — the differ­ we could get a finished woolen prod­ ence between "tame" and "wild." uct from the tiny little "curly things" Other questions were: "Where do that covered the sheep. (Later, in the the animals live? Who takes care of classroom, this question led to a de­ them? What do they eat? Can a pea­ tailed study of the processing of cock change colors? Will we see a cow wool!) give milk? There were many others, Many were fascinated with the but the questions asked by most were: guinea pigs. One child noted that most "Can we feed them? Can we touch of the guinea pigs held a cheek-full of them? Can we pet them?" food to one side while they chewed To the city child, touching, feeling and swallowed the rest. and examining something is a true Eating habits were carefully ob­ learning experience. We later dis­ served, peacock feathers were col­ covered how really observant the chil­ lected, and yes, we did see a cow give dren had been after feeding and pet­ milk. ting the animals. And we observed The tame goats were the main topic first-hand how the visit stimulated a of discussion on the way back to desire to read and discover more about school. The children loved "Nosey", a the animals who were their favorites. big black nannygoat that roams free The teachers discussed among them­ within the zoo compound. After the selves what should be taught before boys and girls fed her some salty the trip. First, they decided to record peanuts, she nudged everyone out of some of the children's questions that line and treated herself to a drink from were asked, regarding what they would the water fountain! see, whether or not they could feed The teachers and children felt closer and pet the animals, etc. Second, for to one another on the way back, motivation, they showed two films on having shared a new and wonderful zoo animals before the trip. Third, experience together. The pets paved they planned to have the children set the way for new understanding, co­ some goals for their visit. operation, and learning between There was no "planned tour," no teachers and pupils. special order for seeing the various One of the purposes for the trip had animals. The teachers felt the children been to select a favorite animal that would benefit more from the "dis­ the students, individually, would like covery" method, whereby they would to read and learn more about. These go where they wanted and see their were discussed after the trip. A variety favorites first. The zoo area wasn't so of follow-up activities resulted. These large that the children couldn't be included the study of wool, the study easily supervised by the teachers at all of animals of other lands, and the care times. of pets, including diet and cleanliness. The big day finally arrived as Teachers in thousands of schools in thirty-eight excited third graders the big cities throughout the United poured into the bus followed by ten States are dealing with one of the most eager teachers. important, most difficult, and most The zoo was everything the children rewarding problems in American Edu­ expected it to be and more. There cation today. It's the problem of were chickens and roosters, peacocks motivating and involving children — and parrots. They saw mice and guinea creating a desire for learning. In this pigs, ducks, rabbits, monkeys, sheep, case, a trip to the zoo helped the donkeys, goats, deer, horses, cows, an educators to bridge "the learning gap". by Thomas Snortum, D.V.M. in search of the UIIILLLI and other vanishing species What ever happened to the Grizzly? they did on occasion with the buffalo), Is he becoming extinct? The answer and total, massive retaliation began. •NP* •"«•• begins in our history books. Let's go Poison, traps and trained dogs were there and begin to find out. employed. Grizzly Bears were killed The first recorded contact with this almost to extinction within the United monarch of the animal kingdom was States. Evidence of this is shown by the written during the Lewis and Clark dates of the last known grizzlies in the expedition in their westward thrust. following states: North Dakota, 1870; This bear was found roaming the plains California, 1922; Utah, 1923; Arizona, areas of the Dakotas to the waters of 1930; Oregon and New Mexico, 1931. the Pacific, Today only Montana, Wyoming and Scientifically, the Grizzly is known as Idaho have known grizzly populations "Ursus horribilus." Those of you still and these are being threatened by some remembering your high school Latin voices, even in the National Park areas. will recognize the genus "Ursus" mean­ The bear population in Yellowstone ing bear and "horribilus" meaning horri­ National Park has been protected since ble. More commonly he is known as 1886. (Originally by Army troops, due Presently there is a movement to "Grizzly Bear" (referring to gray or to large scale poaching of buffalo in establish a purely wild, independent grisly, gruesome or terrible), "White remote areas.) In 1916 The National grizzly population within the park, Bear," "Silvertip," Roachback or Park Service was created; it assumed full removed and restricted from the gen­ Montana Grizzly. control of the park in 1918. Yellow­ eral public. All garbage feeding in The blunderbuss and flintlock were stone today is 100 years old and repre­ public places has been discontinued no more a match for the Grizzly than sents the world's first national park. and bear-proof trash cans have been was the bow and arrow. As you may Before 1930, most visitors arrived by installed at campsites. Dependent remember an Indian warrior in "Hia­ train and stayed at park lodgings, with bears are moved under tranquilizers to watha," wearing a bear claw necklace, few individual campers. By the remote areas where it is hoped they was held in the highest esteem by his mid-twenties the automobile came into will remain. Repeated grizzly violaters peers. Authenticated records of the its own. As a result, the tourist popula­ must be shot or placed in some sort of strength and speed of this animal are tion in the park grew. Park facilities confinement. unbelievable. Over a short distance he were soon overcrowded and needed Extensive research has definitely es­ could overtake an Indian pony, and expansion. Elimination of waste mater­ tablished that the garbage fed, fearless, with one swipe of either paw, fell the ials and sanitation became a problem. dependent bear is the dangerous indiv­ strongest buffalo. Hence development of the garbage idual. (Scientific papers presented at In California, an unusually large vari­ dumps to feed the park bears. the International Symposium on Bear ety of grizzly was encountered- These dumps became quite a tourist Research verified this fact.) When an —probably due to the plentiful food attraction and feeding tables with sur­ animal such as the grizzly is poten­ supply and mild winters which required rounding bleachers for the audience tially dangerous if provoked or fright­ short or no periods of hibernation. The were provided. The once proud mon­ ened, the problem becomes one of Indians worshipped him as the "Great arch was reduced to a scavenger whose maintaining the security of the general White Bear" and every effort was made job was to entertain tourists and to public. Isolation of the black and to avoid him. Today, as a result of this increase the cash flow at vacation areas. grizzly bears into restricted areas away heritage, California has a silhouette of Worst of all, the girzzly lost his hard from campsites will mean fewer indi­ this brute on its State flag as well as do earned fear and respect of man, and viduals to be seen along the roads. This the UCLA Bruins and the California became a dependent victim of the de­ is a price we must pay for a safe park Golden Bears. structive ecological misuse of our nat­ and yet preserve and maintain a native The three main distinguishing physi­ ural resources. wild bear population. If the grizzly cal characteristics of this bear as com­ Artificial feeding placed this large cannot live in a national park, where pared to other bears are 1) unusually bear and human populations in close can he exist in today's pressures of long curved front claws, 2) a prominent contact. With the bears' protective in­ population and technology? dorsal border of the shoulder blade or stincts removed under such circum­ Many other birds and mammals are "hump" on his back and 3) the dished stances, injuries did occur. Of the 63 facing similar periods of crises within appearance of his muzzle as you follow known injuries to man during the last the United States and throughout the a line from the eye to the button of the 100 years resulting from grizzly contact world. nose. in Yellowstone, only 3 occurred in The California Condor, whose bones As firearms improved in the late isolated back country areas, and all have been found in tar pits alongside 1800's, and the buffalo (which num­ three involved a female in defense of her those of the Saber-toothed Tiger, has bered in the millions) were slaughtered young. Actual fatalities during the 100 been reduced to about 55 or 60 in the for their hides - with the carcasses left years of history of the park are quite mountains above Santa Barbara. Of to rot -, the Indian and the grizzly low, a total of five, or one every twenty this number, it is estimated that only retreated. In place of the buffalo, mil­ years. (About 50,000 Americans are eight or ten breeding pairs lay one egg lions of cajtle were brought into the killed each year on our highways with­ every two years. A proposal has been West. A few bears began to kill cattle (as out much public protest. made to harvest these eggs and raise 20 them artificially, as the nesting areas are quite precarious and often unsuc­ cessful. Removal of the egg from the nest would also encourage the nesting pair to have another egg the following year. Because the birds' protected range is quite inadequate for feeding purposes, the placing of carcasses in selected areas has been suggested. There is a herd of Rocky Mountain sheep in the San Gabriel mountains, less than an hour's drive from down­ town Los Angeles. These are the last remnants of a vast herd that once roamed Southern California. Their present numbers exist only because of the inaccessibility of the terrain. Popu­ lation has moved in all around them and their situation is in peril. The California Brown Pelican, so familiar to the Pacific coastline, may be a thing of the past unless some of its southern relatives move north. The present adult birds are unable to pro­ duce successful eggs because of their thin shells - resulting from contamina­ tion of their fish diet from polluted waters. The American Bald Eagle, our national bird and also a major fish eater, is facing a similar fate. Local and State veterinary associa­ tions now have special committees dedicated to ecology and wildlife pres­ ervation. We hope to harness the knowledge of our profession to that of other research and interested groups and place our environment on a posi­ tive instead of a negative plane. Most large cities which support zoos have a citizen zoo association. Membership in this group not only supports the zoo and its animals but also promotes responsible citizens who respect van­ ishing species. Tremendous enthusiasm has been generated in California by these types of groups towards the study of the Grey Whale, which mi­ grates annually along the coast down to Baja, California to deliver its young, and then back to Alaska with the suckling calf. Obviously the Grizzly cannot be brought back to such places as the California valleys, but it is still not too late for some of our other animal friends. They don't ask for much - just a place to eat and sleep and raise their young as they have been doing for hundreds of years. The next time you see Old Glory go by, do me a favor and think about some of the animals I have mentioned. The eagle is always on top of the standard bearer, and if you live in California, the bear state, the flag is a friendly reminder of the Grizzly - if not in body, in spirit. He symbolizes a spirit of courage, determination, and independence, which is the reason our forefathers put him there in the first place. Ah "Ursus" — you're really not so "horribilus" after all! PHOTOS COURTESY LOS ANGELES ZOO BOWSER goes to college... by Felicia Ames • Consultant Friskies Research Center and author of The Dog You Care For

Not so very long ago, when we were people. There are even philosophical Many campus dogs have made local young, the only dog we ever saw at theories forwarded, like Albert headlines and nearly every college has school was the team mascot and we saw Schweitzer's on the ethics of reverence its Big Dog on Campus. It would require him only during home football games. for life. a bulky volume to list the dogs known Today there is hardly a campus without Whatever the significance, how did it and loved by students on the assembled its supply of canines. We remember a start, this dogged surge, this canine college greenwards. We'll mention a few, pet mouse in one of the residence halls. population explosion on the college because we think they deserve it. That wee gray creature wouldn't stand a campuses? As nearly as we can fit it There was Tripod, the mixed breed chance today, what with the dogs (to together, a few students began bringing on the campus of Centre College in say nothing of the cats) who share living their pets to school because, for one Danville, Kentucky. A student dis­ quarters with undergraduates, graduate reason or another, they couldn't leave covered the dog on the side of a road students and faculty members. There them behind. (In one case, the parents after he had been struck by a are even dogs in classrooms. In a few of a girl student refused to mind her pet hit-and-run car. The dog's leg was classes they have been known to out­ while she went off to classes.) The broken. He was taken to the Dean of number the students and in many they teachers, being animal lovers for the Men, Max Cannes, who had him hospit­ are as familiar as chalk and erasers. most part, offered no resistance. Indeed, alized. The dog lost the leg and received There has been a flood of articles on many faculty members brought their a pegleg in its stead. Many are the the subject in recent months, as editors own dogs to class. The practice mush­ students who remember Tripod sitting seek answers to the phenomenon. No roomed. Boys discovered that Bowser through lectures, especially lectures on less a journal than the one from Wall provided a means of reaching girls. Girls Shakespeare. So fond of the Bard was Street had staff reporter G. Christian discovered the same thing with boys. Tripod, he attended a six-week session Hill do a story. Mr. Hill found, among Love suddenly bloomed and many on his work and showed up for the final other things, that the dog population at leashed hands were joined. In other exam. the University of Michigan had in­ cases, Bowser was found to be good There was J.D., the white German creased tenfold in the past five years. protection against molesters. Groups of Shepherd and pet of Wayne Trotter, "Even at Harvard," he wrote, "a muf­ students (sororities and fraternities) be­ who used to play quarterback for Dodge fled woof is heard from behind the gan adopting dogs. In short order, City Community College, in Dodge doors of many a student room — where, groups of dogs began adopting students, City, Iowa. So inseparable were dog and technically anyway, dogs are forbid­ when the strays, sensing a good thing, master that when Trotter and a friend den." Mr. Hill discovered that at found the college cafeterias. The stu­ stepped out one day, leaving J.D. Amherst, where the number of dogs on dents, perhaps under the influence of behind, the dog smashed out of a glass campus has presented the authorities Schweitzer, or Zen or Love or whatever, window to join his master. He still bears with a real problem in control (the case could not and would not turn the dogs the marks on his jaw from the cuts but, is the same on many campuses), there is away. The dogs stayed. according to Trotter, the veterinarian little trouble in the classroom. "They're At the University of Cincinnati, did a fine job. passive learners," reports a dean. One according to a story in the Cincinnati If you had to find a Saluki, where Vanderbilt University student says that Post and Times-Star, it all started about would you go? The University of dogs "just drop in (to class) and fall two years ago when the Theta Chi Southern Illinois has specialized in them asleep like the rest of us." An English fraternity acquired Ox, a St. Bernard for the past several years. One of their instructor at the University of Washing­ puppy who now weighs 200 pounds. number, Cricket, gave birth last spring ton found himself lecturing to a class of "In the spring of 1970 a few more to six females and two males. The three - a girl and two dogs, one of them animals, including a monkey, made their students celebrated the event. Shibui, his own. appearance. Now, animals and owners the nickname of Mongan of Eagle, an Many schools have ruled against dogs have found a dog heaven at the Univer­ Irish Wolfhound, replaced Ralph, a St. on campus but are finding it next to sity. Even stray dogs have adopted Bernard, as the University of Ken­ impossible to enforce the order. This is students, who offer their affections dur­ tucky's "Top Dog on Campus". That because in so many places faculty mem­ ing free hours. Well-trained dogs camp was a couple of years ago and we don't bers are dog lovers. At Reed College, in for hours near their masters' motor­ know if the situation is still the same. Portland, Oregon, for example, one of cycles, books or bikes. Students who We do know that Shibui behaved beauti­ the most articulate and vehement take their dogs to class claim few fully on campus but not so beautifully opponents of any plan to curb the hassles. A third-year education major off. Left for a week at an off-campus canine is Professor Herbert Gladstone, said one instructor would never start a house, he destroyed two pairs of slacks, whose dog, Boots, was a familiar sight in class until he had pet her dog." an electric blanket and a chenille bed­ the professor's classes until his recent What sort of dog finds his way to the spread. Arf was Steve Lail's dog at the demise. States the professor, stoutly: groves of Academe? At Cincinnati, University of North Carolina at Chapel "Remember that dog spelled backwards which appears to be fairly typical, St. Hill. He was part Labrador retriever and is God." Bernards, Afghan hounds and Great part hound, but what made him excep­ Many students will tell you the same Danes make up the elite. They are tional was his fondness for classes, thing. Or that dogs don't talk back. favored by the fraternities, perhaps be­ particularly Professor Byerly's class in (Some students do all their studying out cause of their size. Collies and German journalism, for which he showed a loud, for their dogs' ears; the dogs are Shepherds form the middle class, while strong preference. Imagine the pro­ ever fascinated.) Or that dogs bring the small breeds and mixed breeds fessor's chagrin when, one day, in the people together. Or make people better constitute the hoi polloi. middle of the class, Arf up and walked 22 \* Some girls take their mascots to school "by hand, or at least by handbag". Note the glasses just in case the blackboard's too far away! photo courtesy: John Bright out, just like that! There are young and for a time it looked like he a Basset Hound, a Bulldog, a Great Dane journalists still talking about it. Finally, wouldn't live. When he did recover, he and three Irish Setters in daily attend­ there was Skeezer, "resident canine" at couldn't walk. Wib had to go off to ance. They sat in classes, ran on the the University of Michigan. Five years school without him. Each time he left field during football games and one of ago she was picked to fill a newly he asked the dog if he wanted to come them, Sam Walsh, even got a report created job in the psychiatric hospital — and finally, after many months, and to card. A room was dedicated to him and companion to 50 children undergoing Wib's disbelief, the dog jumped up and his friends. The name of the room? K9. extensive in-patient treatment. Shortly limped after him. After that, the sight Some dogs never get out of grade after she took the job (one of the of the young man and the crippled dog school. In Stockton, California, there requisites was that the dog be a male), was a familiar one at ISU. It was a shock was a Pointer-Spaniel named Susie with she delivered nine puppies. The staff to all when the weather turned cold and a preference for the third grade who reported that she helped correct many the school refused to relax the ruling developed cold shakes and tremors distorted ideas about procreation. about dogs in dorms. Wib tried to get whenever she was kept home from the But the most touching campus story the Security Police to put up the dog, to Adams School. we heard involved Rebel, an English no avail. He tried house after house near But getting back to college, there are Shepherd-Border Collie, owned by the campus. No luck. So Wib Franklin those dogs with reason to love it. Indiana State University student Wib took his dog, Rebel, home. But the "Where the Boys Are" is a guide to Franklin. The two had never been apart story has a happy ending. The President college dating, put out by the girls at when they arrived at school in Terra of the university, Dr. Alan C. Rankin, Smith and Mt. Holyoke colleges. They Haute. The dog was an immediate hit learned of Rebel's plight from the stu­ described Williams College (Williams- with the students and the "no dogs in dents, wrote to Wib and offered his town, Massachusetts) as the "only dorms" policy was as unimportant as porch. school where your date will expect you the weather was mild. Then came the Some dogs don't get as far as college. to be snowed, not over him but over his Thanksgiving break and dog and master At Horace Greely High School, in Chap- dog. (Emphasis ours.) went home. Rebel was struck by a car paqua, New York, the principal counted Ad astra per aspera! Bow, wow! ESTS?

By Brian H. Baker, MT "What is a blood test?" tion concerned with red and white A man or woman who feels sick can blood cells. Red cells transport oxygen tell the physician what is wrong and A blood test is an examination to the tissues and remove carbon where it hurts. It is not difficult to performed upon a sample of blood, dioxide, performing this function with perceive the task confronting the vet­ but this term is as ambiguous as the the aid of a pigment called hemo­ erinarian. His patients do not utter a definition. Too often, it is used to globin. This substance is contained word that can be helpful in solving a encompass ALL tests performed in the within the cell and gives it the red medical problem. He can only use the laboratory. There are many such tests color. If the number of red cells is symptoms and behavior of the animal and not all are performed upon blood. decreased, or the cells contain a lesser to ascertain a diagnosis. In the case of Tests can be applied to any body amount of hemoglobin, then anemia is traumatic injury this can be sufficient. material such as urine, feces, spinal present. The amount of oxygen deliv­ However, when the malady involves a fluid and even the tissues themselves. ered to the tissues is reduced and cell disease or infection, recognizing the When abnormal substances are present, activity hampered. symptoms is not always enough. such as excess joint fluid or abdominal fluid, a discharge or pus formation, There are five different kinds of When symptoms are known, the these too can be examined by the white cells and all of them protect the cause of the affliction can still remain laboratory. A great variety of proced­ body from infection and disease. In­ a mystery. High temperature, rapid ures are available but some used more creased and decreased numbers indi­ pulse, and shortness of breath are only than others. As a result, one becomes cate that something is amiss, that an vague indicators that something is familiar with their terminology, but infection or disease is taking place. wrong, but not where. Pain and ten­ understands little of their meaning or The blood smear is an integral part derness can locate the affected part. value. of the complete blood count. It is However, such symptoms do not stained and examined microscopically. reveal the cause. A tumor, an infec­ The laboratory tests performed The size and shape of red cells and the tion, or a metabolic abnormality can upon animals are the same as those different kinds of white cells can be all produce the same findings. Symp­ employed on people. They are utilized seen in this manner. This provides toms can be relieved but, if the cause for the same reasons and reveal similar additional information towards a diag­ is not determined and eliminated, they information. This can be exemplified nosis. When the size and shape of red can reoccur. Meanwhile, the disorder is by the fact that doctors and veterinar­ cells have been altered, some abnormal still promoting harm. If the veterinar­ ians rely upon one test perhaps more factor is affecting production. A pre­ ian is to determine the cause, he needs than any other. This is the complete dominating form of white cell, or the more information. Often, laboratory blood count. appearance of a form not generally tests alone can provide the answer. "What is a complete blood count?" found in health, furnishes valuable Even when the cause is known, espe­ insight regarding the fitness of the cially in cases of infection by bacteria A complete blood count (often re­ patient and the seriousness of his or parasites, laboratory examination ferred to as a "CBC") actually consists condition. Parasites sometimes travel can still be necessary in order to apply, of four distinctly separate examina­ in the bloodstream or live in the heart. effective treatment. tions. All of these tests reveal informa­ Some species actually live within the 24 red cells. When any of these organisms "Why must other biochemistries often important to recognize the spe­ are present, they may be found on the be performed?" cies causing the infection and to be blood smear. absolutely certain of the antibiotics The complete blood count is not Even when the affected organ has which can destroy them. Certain spe­ always specific enough. Often, it is been recognized, depending upon the cies of bacteria are susceptible to some very important to find the exact cause symptoms present, it might be impor­ drugs while resistent to others. Bac­ which the CBC shows to exist. Why is tant to perform additional tests to teria can also acquire an immunity to there a reduction in red cell numbers determine the cause of such damage. It antibiotics that are normally effective or why do they appear abnormal? Why could be a result of bacterial or viral against them. Bacterial infection can has the number of white cells in­ infection, or an abnormal growth such overcome the patient rapidly and pre­ creased or decreased and why does one as a tumor. Another possible cause can cious time would be lost if the wrong form predominate? Where is the prob­ be a metabolic defect, when biochemi­ medication were used. To determine lem and what is causing it? Some of cal activity is abnormal due to the lack which drugs are useful, antibiotic these questions can be answered from of a required susbstance or the regu­ sensitivity studies should be per­ the complete blood count alone, but lating mechanisms themselves have formed. more often additional information is gone haywire. Even a parasite could be One could readily conclude that required. Blood chemistries are often responsible. Since each of these re­ sensitivity testing is the only impor­ performed to seek an answer to these sponds to different medication and tant part of a culture. Who cares about questions. therapy, it would be impossible to the organism as long as the treatment treat the condition properly without is successful? But this is not true for What are blood chemistries? knowing the cause. Additional labora­ the veterinarian has other aspects of tory procedures are necessary to pin­ infection to consider, some of which Every organ in the body has certain point the answer. could affect you directly. Certain bac­ responsibilities. The heart pumps teria are highly contagious from one blood, the lungs obtain oxygen from "Is the urinalysis really important?" animal to another. If present, other the air, and the stomach grinds food. pets living in the same household, or These are strictly mechanical actions, Urine is a clear liquid that contains other animals living in close proximity, but there are other organs that func­ a variety of chemical products. The should also be treated, even if they tion like chemical factories, producing kidneys regulare the amounts that are appear well. They are in danger of substances for themselves and for use present. However, when hampered by acquiring the infection or may already in other parts of the body. From one disease or infection, they do not func­ harbor the organism and can spread it person to the next there is very little tion properly and the level of these to others. Furthermore, some of these variation in the amount of these chem­ products in the urine is found to be organisms can also be spread to peo­ icals present. The same is true of increased. Furthermore, when the ple. This applies equally to infection animals, except that each species dif­ Hood contains an excessive amount of caused by fungus, viruses, and para­ fers from the next. Dogs are similar to chemicals — due to faulty activity sites. The veterinarian not only has to other dogs, but not to cats, mice, or elsewhere in the body — these are also treat the infection, he must also pre­ horses. released into the urine. Disturbances vent it from spreading, and this re­ The bloodstream serves as the major of many organs can, therefore, be sponsibility has to extend to his clients avenue of transportation for many of brought to attention thanks to the as well as his patients. these chemical products. By tapping urinalysis. this source, it is possible to determine Both the kidneys and bladder are "Why should parasites be the concentration of any chemical susceptible to infection by bacteria. If identified when an animal is present. This area of study is referred this occurs, pus cells (and sometimes known to be infected?" to as "biochemistry." "Blood chemis­ red cells) will appear in the urine along tries" are those tests performed to with the bacteria causing the infection. There are many different kinds of determine the amount of a given These can be seen under the micro­ parasites. Most of them live in the chemical in the blood. scope. Other elements produced as a intestine, but others also inhabit the result of disease can also be observed bloodstream and heart, and other "What can blood chemistries reveal?" with a microscopic examination. This organs, including the liver, stomach supplies additional information and lungs. These are all internal para­ When any part of the body is towards diagnosing and treatment. sites and should not be confused with harmed by injury or disease, it might Despite the fact a routine urinalysis external ones such as ticks and fleas. not be able to function properly. All can reveal so much information, mod­ Some of the internal parasites are of us are familiar with the difficulty ern laboratory technology has made protozoans (one-cell animals); others encountered trying to walk on a this a simple procedure to perform. are worms and flukes. All require sprained ankle or attempting to bend a This explains why it is used so often different medication to eliminate scraped knee. The same is true of by the veterinarian. However, the urin­ them. For this reason, they must be organs, glands and other tissues that alysis, like the complete blood count identified specifically. are involved with biochemical activity: which is often used in conjunction, is The feces are examined for the they are unable to perform their tasks generally regarded as a screening pro­ evidence of parasites in general since efficiently. This can be noted by a cedure. That is to say, it can reveal many forms are known to inhabit the change in the chemical composition of many things that are abnormal or intestines. If any worms or flukes live the blood. Depending upon the organ, unusual, but other laboratory tests in another site, other than the intes­ certain chemicals may be released into must be performed to obtain a more tine, their eggs are still passed in the the bloodstream in large quantities. specific evaluation. feces. Some protozoans can be found Normally, these chemicals are present in the bloodstream and a blood test is only in negligible amounts or com­ "Why should a culture and required to identify them. In the pletely absent. In other cases, there antibiotic sensitivity be United States, Ascaris, hookworm and can be a decrease of chemicals. From performed on an obvious infection?" tapeworm are the most common inter­ this information, it is possible to deter­ nal parasites. They are all worms. mine which organ is not working There is more to a bacterial infec­ An examination of the feces is the properly. tion than the fact it is present. It is continued on page 29 25 Dirocide should never be given to Animal Foundation, Denver, a public dogs with active infection, until after foundation which sponsors research they have been treated to rid the dogs into diseases and health problems of of the active infection. the companion animals. The money is WHAT'S Dirocide should be administered intended for further research on horse daily because there is no way of blood groups, and it provides for up to knowing when an infected mosquito 20 cases (parentage verification, pater­ will bite the dog. nity tests, permanent blood type rec­ There are no known side effects ord of identification on stallions in NEW? from long-term administration of Diro­ artificial insemination service, etc.) per cide when it is administered according registry. to the prescribed directions. During the past year, Dr. Stormont commented, "we were able to solve about 90% of the parentage cases. •.->' © FOR THE PREVENTION OF HEARTWORM

Until a few years ago, heartworm disease was considered a problem only in the Southern and Eastern coast regions of the United States. Now it can be found throughout the U.S. In • the past year, epidemics have occurred • • in Michigan and Illinois. The first symptoms of infection are a chronic cough, without signs of upper respiratory infection, which is easily aggravated by exercise. The dog will also tire easily and show a dullness of coat. Heartworm disease, frequently fatal, is caused by a parasite called Dirofilaria immitis. This large, round, white worm which grows to approxi­ ^*L Dirocide, a highly palatable, safe ** mately ten inches in length, is most and effective prescription medicine for commonly found in the dog's heart or the prevention of heartworm disease in Whose foal is he? The horse blood pulmonary (lung) vessels. dogs, has been introduced to the veter­ typing service at the University of Blood must pass these areas to allow inary medical profession by E. R. California, Davis, can verify who his the dog to breathe. The worms form a Squibb & Sons, Animal Health Divi­ sire and dam are and answer other block forcing the dog's heart to work sion. A housewife (above) adds Diro­ questions of identity. The laboratory harder to get the blood around the cide, a pleasant tasting syrup, to her is supported by various breed registries blockage just as a plug in a garden hose daughter's pet dog's food ration. through the Morris Animal Founda­ would do. Diocide should be mixed with the tion, Denver. When the clock becomes complete, dog's food ration once a day. the blood vessel expands and ruptures just as the garden hose would if water were continued to be forced behind AVMA AWARDS the blocked portion. A ruptured blood HORSE BLOOD TYPING vessel can cause death within minutes. NEW ORLEANS, La. - Seven veter­ Dogs can get the disease only SERVICE inarians were recognized for outstand­ through the bite of an infected mos­ ing contributions July 16 during the quito. The mosquito picks up parasites It happens on occasion that the Inaugural Luncheon of the 109th when it feeds on an infected dog. owner of a mare with a new foal does annual American Veterinary Medical After the parasites mature in the mos­ not know which stallion is the sire. In Association convention in New quito, small (microscopic) young fact, he may not be sure which mare is Orleans. worms are injected into a healthy dog the dam. Or a buyer of a horse may Winners were: Dr. Robert J. when the mosquito feeds on it. not be sure his new charge is really the Ausherman of Lexington, Ky., winner Just one bite by an infected mos­ horse he paid for. of the Practitioner Research A ward for quito may inject enough young worms A horse blood typing service is in conducting outstanding research activ­ to cause a fatal infection. operation at the Serology Laboratory, ities while engaged in private veterin­ Dirocide is a palatable heartworm School of Veterinary Medicine at the ary medicl practice. preventative from Squibb which kills University of California, Davis, to set­ Dr. Dorsey W. Bruner of Ithaca, the parasites shortly after the mos­ tle all these questions. N. Y., who received the XHth Inter­ quito injects them and before they The Serology Laboratory, headed national Veterinary Congress Prize for mature and reach the dog's heart. by Dr. Clyde Stormont, is directly outstanding contributions to veterin­ Puppies may be started on Dirocide supported in this activity by the ary medical science and the veterinary at two months. Older dogs must be American Quarter Horse Assoc, profession; proved free from infection before they Arabian Horse Registry of America, Dr. M. R. Clarkson of Peterborough, are started on the Dirocide prevention The Jockey Club and the U. S. Trot­ N.H., who won the 1972 Public Ser­ program. A veterinarian can perform a ting Assoc. vice Award for unusual contributions simple, inexpensive blood test to Each registry provides the labora­ in public health and regulatory veterin­ check for infection. tory $2,000 a year through the Morris ary medicine; 26 Dr. John B. Herrick of Ames, Iowa, recipient of the Borden Award for contributions in research on the con­ trol of diseases in dairy cattle; Dr. John L. O'Harra of Reno, Nev., winner of the 1972 A VMA Award for his contributions to the advancement of organized veterinary medicine; Dr. Norman O. Olson of Morgan- town, W. Va., who received the American Feed Manufacturers Associa­ tion A ward for research on nutrition or diseases related to livestock and poultry production; Dr. D. F. Patterson of Philadelphia, Pa., recipient of the Gaines A ward for outstanding contributions to small ani­ mal medicine and surgery made through research during the preceding five years.

NEW ORLEANS CONVENTION

Attendance at the 109th annual AVMA convention held July 18-20 in New Orleans, although subject to offi­ cial audit, totaled approximately 4,800, including some 2,200 veterin­ arians. More than 1,000 veterinarians en­ rolled in 15 special in-depth seminars. The convention also featured over 300 individual presentations, 40 autotutor- ial teaching programs and two practi­ cal laboratory sessions.

Dr. John F. Quinn, state veterin­ arian and chief of the Michigan Department of Agriculture's Animal AWARD NAMESAKE AND COMPANION - Lassie, the world-renowned Health Division, has been selected by canine, and owner-trainer Rudd Weatherwax were instrumental in founding what his colleagues to serve as presi­ has become known as the nation's top award honoring acts of courage and dent-elect of the American Veterinary heroism by dogs the Lassie Gold A ward. Medical Association for the coming year. Dr. Quinn was voted into office July 16 by the AVMA House of Delegates during the opening session of the House, and installed that after­ noon at the Inaugural Luncheon of the 5fAWARDEDT0 K association's 109th annual convention in New Orleans. / Dr. Roger P. Link, head of the OWNED BY Department of Physiology and Phar­ macology at the University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, was .ORGIVINGMEAWNG: handed the president's gavel during the ,0THE TRADITION THAT installation ceremonies. Dr. Iverson C. Bell, Terre Haute, "MAN'S BEST FRIEND Inc., small animal practitioner, was installed for a second consecutive term ^ISHISDOGM as vice president of the 23,000-member association. ^mmss0^ Other officers chosen to serve for the coming year include Dr. Donald H. Spangler of Olympia, Washington, a AWARD FOR DOG "HEROES" - This handsome medallion (pictured front past president of AVMA who was and back, above) is symbolic of the famous Lassie Gold Award, dogdom's top re-elected to his 10th term as treas­ citation for canine acts of courage and heroism "giving meaning to the tradition urer; Dr. Donald A. Price of Chicago, that man's best friend is his dog." A miniature version of the medallion is executive vice president; and Dr. W. M. provided as a permanent collar attachment for dogs cited in the national program. Decker, also of Chicago, assistant exec­ Contact: Graham Sudbury, Executive Director - Lassie Gold Award Program, utive vice president. Suite 1100, 1700 Market Street, Philadelphia, PU9103. Phone (215) LO 8-3775. 27 continued from page 25 best method to prove an animal is THE PET PRIDE PEOPLE infected by any of these worms. It is The Pet Pride People who started to work for the betterment of CATS in possible to identify the type involved July 1961 have come to an interesting and important conclusion about the because each species lay eggs that are care of cats. Because of the nature and personality of the Cat it is distinct to their own kind. With a little paramount that every cat have at least one person who will look after his practice, it is an easy manner to needs and offer him companionship. On this premise the Pet Pride People distinguish the eggs of Ascaris, hook­ are now in the process of establishing their first Shelter-Clinic in Los worm and tapeworm from each other. In this manner, the parasite can be Angeles on a small piece of zoned property. One person who has energy, identified without ever actually being strength, enthusiasm and a love for cats can seen. Specific identification is very adequately take care of 25 cats when all are important since it is necessary to use V*^,r^' healthy. Besides this service, one veterinarian is specific medication for each of these AA I • ..' needed 8 hours a day to take care of their worms. For instance, medication to /*• j(L 111 S medical needs. These 25 Pet Pride Cats are eliminate tapeworm will not work W 4Ub 15=11. Orphans waiting to be adopted into permanent against hookworm or Ascaris. Even if I ^^T homes. As one is placed, another is taken in; the your pet clearly exhibits all the Pet Pride People expect to place 45 cats from symptoms of worm infestation, you one Shelter-Clinic a month year round. The can see why parasite identification Clinic part of our project (in the space of must still be resolved. double garage) is at present pending. Any local veterinarian who wants to give us advice on the set-up and equipment of our small clinic (for "Why are some tests repeated even neutering, spaying, grooming only) will be when my pet is getting better?" gratefully received. With effective care and treatment, Celia Heriot, Managing Director infection and disease can be cured. 15113 Sunset Blvd. Before healing is complete, most 213/459-1703 Pacific Palisades, Ca. 90272 symptoms have subsided. However, laboratory findings only return to nor­ mal in proportion to the degree of healing. Since observing the patient's ANIMALS OF THE WORLD (Answers) progress by the symptoms alone is not 1. AARDVARK 49. GAUR 97. OPOSSUM practical, current status and improve­ 2. ALPACA 50. GAYAL 98. ORANGUTAN ment can only be ascertained by com­ 3. ANTEATER 51. GAZELLE 99. OSTRICH paring laboratory findings with those 4. ANTELOPE 52. GENET 100. OTTER obtained previously. 5. APE 53. GIBBON 101. OWL 6. ARMADILLO 54. GIRAFFE 102. PANDA Laboratory tests performed at regu­ 7. BABOON 55. GNU 103. PANGOLIN lar intervals also monitor the effective­ 8. BADGER 56. GOAT 104. PANTHER ness of medication and provide an 9. BANTING 57. GOPHER 105. PARROT early warning system to detect compli­ 10. BAT 58. GORILLA 106. PEACOCK cations that could arise. When an 11. BEAR 59. HARE 107. PECCARY 12. BEAVER 60. HEDGEHOG 108. PELICAN animal has suffered a serious illness, he 13. BOA CONSTRICTOR 61. HIPPOPOTAMUS 109. PENGUIN is more susceptible to other disorders, 14. BOAR 62. HOG 110. PHALANGER especially infection. Laboratory find­ 15. BOBCAT 63. HOOPOE 111. PLATYPUS ings can detect these while symptoms 16. BONGO 64. HORSE 112. PORCUPINE are still dormant. The sooner such 17. BUFFALO 65. HYENA 113. PUMA 18. BULL 66. IMPALA 114. QUETZAL complications can be recognized, the 19. CAMEL 67. JAGUAR 115. RACCOON easier they are to treat. 20. CARIBOU 68. JACKAL 116. RAM ****** 21. CAT 69. KANGAROO 117. RAT 22. CHEETAH 70. KIWI 118. RATEL The challenge facing the veterinar­ 23. CHIMPANZEE 71. KOALA 119. REINDEER ian can be complex indeed. Because he 24. CHINCHILLA 72. KOB 120. RHINOCEROS takes care of many different kinds of 25. CHIPMUNK 73. KUDU 121. SEAL animals, there are many diseases and 26. CIVET 74. LANGUR 122. SEALION 27. COBRA 75. LEMMING 123. SERVAL infections to keep in mind. Some are 28. CORMORANT 76. LEMUR 124. SHEEP more common to one species than 29. COUGAR 77. LEOPARD 125. SHREW another; the same symptoms in two 30. COYOTE 78. LION 126. SKUNK different animals can indicate two 31. DEER 79. LLAMA 127. SLOTH completely different disorders. Added 32. DINGO 80. LYNX 128. SQUIRREL 129. TAHR to this, the animal cannot complain. 33. DOG 81. MACAW 34. DOLPHIN 82. MANATEE 130. TAPIR Laboratory tests are often indicated if 35. EAGLE 83. MARGAY 131. TIGER a diagnosis is to be made. Laboratory 36. ECHIDNA 84. MARMOSET 132. TORTOISE tests are necessary many times to 37. ELAND 85. MARTEN 133. UNICORN direct the choice of treatment. Labora­ 38. ELEPHANT 86. MINK 134. VICUNA tory tests are important for the animal 39. ELK 87. MOA 135. WALRUS 40. EMU 88. MOLE 136. WEASEL recuperating from a serious disorder, 41. ERN 89. MONGOOSE 137. WHALE and even for animals that have never 42. EWE 90. MONKEY 138. WISENT been ill if the circumstances warrant. 43. FALCON 91. MOOSE 139. WOLF We must be thankful indeed that such 44. FAWN 92. MULE 140. WOLVERINE 141. WOMBAT tools are available to the veterinarian. 45. FISHER 93. MUSKOX 46. FLAMINGO 94. MUSKRAT 142. WOODCHUCK By understanding the value of labora­ 47. FOX 95. OCELOT 143. YAPOK tory tests, we can appreciate them as 48. GALAGO 96. ONAGER 144. ZEBRA much as he does. 29 VIXENS, VIRUSES AND VACCINES continued from page IS was virtually impossible to exclude all nervous tissue cells, or the protein from those cells. Animals vaccinated with these products would not only produce antibodies against the rabies virus, they would also frequently pro­ duce antibodies against the nervous battle protein, causing serious reactions. vm~ ****** Realizing the necessity for anti-rabies vaccines, but not satisfied with the danger to vaccinated pets, Fromm Laboratories conducted re­ of the search into the problem. What resulted $i: was an anti-rabies vaccine which con­ tains virus attenuated in non-nervous tissue, thereby enabling your dog to be safely inoculated without the severe cats side effects. Most of these vaccines give your pet 'lifetime immunity'. But is that pro­ tection literally permanent? "Actually the term 'lifetime immun­ ity' is a misnomer;" explains Dr. George Ott, Ph.D. in immunology and By Ella Duncan ised payment for the felines, the rest­ virology, "a vaccine causes an animal's less cats began to mew and yowl. Soon natural defenses to manufacture anti­ tired and frustrated men and women bodies which fight infections and pro­ One of the strangest hoaxes ever were shrilling at each other, children tect the subject as long as the anti­ fostered on a gullible public was that began to cry, and the excited dogs of bodies are present in the system. How­ dreamed up by an unknown prankster the town joined in with howls and ever, the duration of immunity may be of Chester, England in 1815. loud barks. Anger and impatience con­ influenced by other factors. If, after About the time of Napoleon Bona­ tinued to mount until fights grew into inoculation, your pet never contacts parte's departure for Saint Helena, a a riot with the imprisoned cats sound­ other animals, thereby not obtaining respectably dressed man distributed ing the war cries. 'natural booster shots', his system will around the countryside handbills in­ The boys of the town had gathered have no reason to continue producing forming the citizens that a number of on the outer edge of the motley crowd antibodies, and his immunity is les­ families had embarked at Plymouth, to better enjoy the excitement. When sened. Say for example, that you keep and would proceed with the regiment the cat owners began to fight with your dog isolated inside a fenced yard. appointed to accompany the emperor each other, the officers of Chester If he should happen to escape his to Saint Helena. hired these boys to slip through the confinement, there is a good chance The handbills stated the island was crowd and release the poor, struggling that he will contract the disease for dreadfully infested with rats and that cats from the sacks and baskets. which he has a 'lifetime immunity'." his majesty's ministers had determined The enraged animals bounded to the The American Veterinary Medical that it should be cleared of the nox­ shoulders and heads of the combatants Association agrees. They recommend ious pests. For that purpose he had and ran spitting and clawing along the that dogs be vaccinated annually been appointed to purchase as many undulating sea of shulls toward the against canine distemper and that a cats and thriving kittens as possible in walls of nearby homes. The town's veterinarian's advice be followed in a short time. He offered 10s for every citizens, attracted earlier by the noise, regard to rabies vaccinations. Protec­ adult female cat, 15s for every had opened their windows to view the tion for your dog requires the good full-grown torn, and a half-a-crown for proceedings. professional judgment of your veterin­ every healthy kitten. Now the released cats, with the arian, based on his experience and the On the evening of the third day rapidity of lightning, rushed up pillars, general health of the dog. after this advertisement appeared the across balustrades and leaped hel­ Although the research into new and people of Chester were astonished to ter-skelter through the open windows. better vaccines is constantly main­ see a multitude of men, women and From inside houses came the sounds tained, a tremendous amount of effort children passing along the streets of broken china, cries of frightened is also directed toward assuring the carrying wriggling sacks, and women, barks of dogs, and curses of quality, safety, and effectiveness of baskets-from which issued strange angry men as the unwelcome visitors the vaccines already being produced sounds and scratchings. Before long were forcibly evicted. for veterinary medicine. every road and lane was thronged with Soon all of Chester had joined the Animal vaccines were certainly not this burdened possession. By nightfall Battle of the Cats. Throughout the developed haphazardly. It took an a congregation bearing some 3,000 night it raged. By morning there was immense amount of hard work, but it cats had collected in Chester. They peace and quiet again, but sadly on the was worth it. The public health threat proceeded to a street that had been river Dee floated the bodies of some from rabies in domestic animals is designated in the advertisements. five hundred feline casualties. The steadily declining. Canine distemper There they soon became wedged to­ remainder of the army had hastily and hepatitis are under control. As gether. retreated to parts unknown. So had long as people take pride in doing an After a long wait for the bearer of the well-dressed gentlemen of the important job in a better way, the the handbills to appear with the prom- handbills. health of your pet is in good hands. 30 RA Cr^ NTEEDANALY5 cEu?rotol" 60%

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|J2*DIENTS coLcr*products with gravy veaof^Q oi chick ,b'e prolen °ybean me. f>acon, s POWd( Ve n ast. ,i co e DOGFOOP ,t -.vitamin E supp 7»ufficiX ?m,nAo,,«an ienMor process t

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