The De-Germanicising of English(1)
THE DE-GERMANICISING OF ENGLISH(1) Paul Edmund DAVENPORT English is not an isolated tongue but a member of the Germanic languages, which are in turn members of the Indo-Europan language family. In this case, in saying that certain languages are 'members' of a language 'family', we mean that the said languages have a common origin. The so-called Germanic languages of today (principally English, Dutch, German, and the Scandinavian languages(5) have a common origin in an ancient, unrecorded language usually called Proto- Germanic. This Proto-Germanic, like Latin, Greek, Sanskrit, and the ancient Celtic and Slavonic languages, evolved from a still more ancient language usually referred to as the Proto-Indo-European parent language. The common application in historical linguistics of such anthropological terms of kinship as 'parent' and 'family', as I have just used them, and 'ancestor', 'descendant' , 'sister' (as in 'English and German are sister languages') is quite relevant to the present discussion. Human offspring normally reproduce and thus continue some of the physical features and personality traits of their parents; at the same time an otherwise unique personality develops in each specimen, prompted by inherent tendencies and reactions to environmental influences. In language, of course, quite unlike the animal kingdom, the chain of connection between 'parent' and 'child' is one that evolves slowly and is broken only gradually. Still, when we look at Old English and modern English, or Latin and French, or Sanskrit and Hindi, it is easy to discern a convenient parallelism with the situation of human kinship in the phenomena of historically verifiable lineal connection, the continua- tion of certain characteristics (such as lexical items and various grammatical feat- ures), the development of apparently inherent tendencies (certain types of phono- logical and grammatical change), and environmental influences (the influence of Norse in the reduction of Old English inflections or the influence of French on the Middle English vocabulary, for example).
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