TROWSE MILLGATE CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL NUMBER 8 MARCH 2008 TROWSE MILLGATE CONSERVATION:Layout 1 24/7/08 11:47 Page 2

TROWSE MILLGATE CONSERVATION:Layout 1 24/7/08 11:47 Page 1

CONSERVATION AREAS IN NORWICH:

1. CITY CENTRE 2. BRACONDALE 3. NEWMARKET ROAD 4. HEIGHAM GROVE 5. THORPE 6. SEWELL 7. EATON 8. EARLHAM 9. OLD LAKENHAM 10.BOWTHORPE 11.MILE CROSS 12.THORPE HAMLET 13.THORPE RIDGE 14.UNTHANK & CHRISTCHURCH 15.HELLESDON VILLAGE 16.ST MATTHEW’S

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CONTENTS:

INTRODUCTION MANAGEMENT & 04 ENHANCEMENT HISTORIC 22 DEVELOPMENT FURTHER READING 06 25 URBAN DESIGN & LISTED BUILDINGS STREETSCAPE REGISTER 12 25 ARCHITECTURE LOCAL LIST REGISTER 15 25 NATURAL CHARACTER 20

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INTRODUCTION

Trowse Millgate was first designated a conservation area on 2 January 1979. The boundary was subsequently extended on 18 September 2003 to include the former railway station and the former Pineapple Public House to the north of the railway line. The settlement lies within the floodplain of the River Yare one mile to the south east of Norwich city centre and covers an area of 3.9 ha (9.7 Acres).

The appraisal provides an assessment The river, the road and the railway The conservation area can be divided of the character and appearance of are natural and man made into three sub areas, as indicated on Trowse Millgate conservation area, features that continue to define the adjacent map. The character of and includes proposals for the boundaries and context of the each area is described in more detail management and enhancement. This settlement. Although the in the following sections, followed by fulfils section 69 & 71 of the conservation area is relatively a programme of management and Planning (Listed Buildings and small, significant differences can enhancement proposals on p22. Conservation Areas) Act 1990. be found in the character and appearance of the settlement To the southeast lies the historic village The appraisal was subject to public either side of Bracondale. To the of Trowse within the neighbouring consultation in February 2008, and east the area is characterised by district of South Norfolk. For further was approved by the city council’s dereliction and the crumbling information on this area please contact executive on 19 March 2008. It should infrastructure of the 19th century South Norfolk District Council. be read in conjunction with the City of railway facilities and the sewage Norwich Local Plan 2004 (in particular works. In contrast, to the west The appraisal will be used by the city Chapter 3 ‘Heritage and the Built Brancondale Millgate has been council to help determine planning Environment’), detailed guidance regenerated with restored historic applications affecting the conservation and site specific development briefs. buildings, verdant landscaping and area, and will be taken into account new housing providing a more by the Planning Inspectorate when picturesque rural setting. considering planning appeals.

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CONSERVATION AREA MAP

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HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT

The settlement of Trowse Millgate originated at the bridging point over the river and the ideal location for a mill. The character of the area went through significant changes in the 19th century when firstly the railway and then the sewage works were built. In the 20th century the character and appearance of the settlement changed again when post war industrial decline set in and the area began to take on a rundown appearance. However, by the late 20th century this decline was beginning to be reversed, particularly on the west side of Bracondale, with new housing and restored historic buildings.

Trowse Bridge early 19th century Collapse of bridge in 1912 © Norfolk County Council © Norfolk County Council

The bridge at Trowse is first Bloomfield described the site as The earliest drawing of the bridge is a recorded in 1430 and subsequently “….the County of Norfolk and liberty Francis Stone & Son lithograph which in the Charter of 1556. of Norwich was divided by a tall stone dates from the early 19th century. This cross which stood on Trowse bridge shows a stone bridge with four small The bridge would have been an and is lately taken down. On the north spans and some early houses which important route into the city since King part of the east side of the river stood have long since been demolished. Charles II was met there by the Mayor a small round tower, made as a guard in 1671 and in October 1679. for the passage, now almost levelled.”

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HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT

Bloomfield) which states that assets seized at the Conquest (1066) by Godric, were conveyed by the king to Goodrich including a mill at Trowse. The first mention of a miller is John Fayercliffe who was in the Index of Wills of 1573.

In 1768, 1784 and 1784 the Poll Books record the miller to be Daniel Bloome. The mill was one of the largest near Norwich, and was a target during the grain riots of the 18th century. On 28 September 1766 Dates and initials on Trowse House The mill in 1965 before demolition a riotous mob descended on the mill The present bridge was built in 1863 The Tithe Map of 1844 indicates that which only avoided being ransacked by J.Stanley, contractor, and the House was still owned by Phillip through the miller offering plenty of R.M.Hipson, County Surveyor, and Money, but was occupied by John beer. The mob then went on to was subsequently widened in 1886. Hawkins. The Crown Point estate attack the Money family and ransack Part of the south span still was sold to Sir Robert John Harvey in Bracondale Old Hall. Bloome was also incorporates ribs which belonged to 1861, and following Harvey’s suicide attacked in the Guildhall during the the earlier bridge. A section of the in 1870 the estate was sold to riots of 1786. In 1792 the mill burnt bridge collapsed during the floods of Jeremiah James Colman in 1872. In down causing £2000 of damage. 1912, but was rebuilt a year later by 1877 Colman also acquired Carrow Despite the setback, Bloome must the Surveyor T.H.B. Heslop. House and the Bracondale estate have continued to be prosperous upon the death of Miss F.A. since he was able to rebuild the mill The area originally fell within the Martineau, together with several to be one of the largest in the estate of Carrow Abbey, but by the properties including Trowse House county, and remodel the Mill House, early 19th century the land had and Trowse Mill. Extensive alterations the earliest surviving building in the been divided into two large estates: were carried out by the Colman settlement (a brick contains the Carrow and Bracondale to the north, Estate following the purchase of the initials D.B.). and Crown Point to the south. house, including the construction of stables and Trowse House Cottages To the southeast Parson James The Crown Point estate belonged to (dated 1885). Woodforde of Weston Longville the Money family from the late 17th (author of the famous Country Diary) century. Trowse House retains the date The Mill is first mentioned in records selling grain to Daniel Bloome 1703 and the intials C.P. and P. M. the Domesday book (and later during the years 1784 to 1801.

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O.S. MAP 1880 - 1889 TROWSE MILLGATE HISTORIC MAP

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O.S. MAP 1955 - 1968 TROWSE MILLGATE HISTORIC MAP

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HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT

Various trade directories refer to later The contractors for the line and the Due to its position at the junction of millers including James Bell & Co railway station were Grissel and Peto, the two lines Trowse became an (Pigot’s 1830 and White’s 1836), who were also responsible for the important marshalling yard. Goods Thomas William Read (Whites 1845 construction of the line to Yarmouth heading towards Norwich & 1852), Daniel Mear (Index of Wills and the Grade II listed railway cottages Cattlemarket came through Trowse 1852), Henry Mower (Kelly’s 1883, along Cozens and Hardy Roads. and extensive sidings, warehouses, 1896, 1900) William Henry Mower cattle and sheep pens were built (Kelly’s 1904 & 1912) and George Baker A rival company, the Eastern Union alongside the tracks during the mid & Sons (Kelly’s 1912, 1922 & 1937). Company, began the construction of to late 19th century. During the 12 an additional line from Norwich to months ending June 1867 57,058 In 1967 this impressive historic mill Ipswich. This had the advantage of Irish store cattle came by rail into was demolished despite being in good being a faster and more direct route Trowse station and 35,083 went out. condition and was replaced by a to London and thus the Eastern showroom for Anglia Office Supplies. Counties Company were reluctant to The sidings remained extensive until In 2001 the site was once again allow access to Thorpe station. The electrification in the 1980’s which led redeveloped, this time for housing, rival company was forced to construct to track rationalisation. Many people with designs based on the original a new station on Victoria Street in may remember the rows of steam mill building and railway warehouses. central Norwich and a new line that engines stored in the sidings during Fortunately the two tailraces and the crossed the existing line over the the 1960’s ready to meet their fate at mill pond survive. Lakenham viaduct. To allow for Norwich scrapyards. Today aggregate The most significant change to the passing traffic a loop line was is still delivered to a siding just to the area came with the construction of constructed between Trowse upper east of the conservation area. the railway line in 1845. and lower junctions, opening on 27 August 1851. At the turn of the 20th century the In 1844 the Eastern Counties Railway Norwich tram network was extended Company extended their London line The complexities of this system soon out to Trowse station from Orford from Brandon to Norwich, creating proved wasteful since the Eastern Place along St Stephens Road, the first direct line to London. The line Counties Company took over the Queens Road and Bracondale. The was opened on 29 July 1845, but at working of the Eastern Union service was withdrawn in February first the trains from London stopped Company on 1 January 1854. Both 1934 and the tracks removed in at Trowse station until Trowse companies were later incorporated September of that year. swingbridge was opened for services into the Great Eastern Railway on 1 on 18 December 1845. July 1862.

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HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT

By 1939 Trowse station had also Included within the bill was the Milling became a factory process, closed to passengers. During the provision for the construction of a the railways lost their importance in 1980’s the station was reopened for a new road to run past the site which handling goods traffic, and a new few weekends when Thorpe depot led to the widening of the bridge. electric pumping station was built, was closed, the tracks around Thorpe putting a significant number of station were realigned, and new Also as part of the sewage works buildings out of use. A modern signalling installed as part of the complex a terrace of six artisan houses house was built on the north bank electrification programme. The central were built on the north side of the during the 1970’s, but it was not platform was not removed until 1987. site. As part of the work an earlier until the redevelopment of the mill The work also led to the removal of terrace of cottages adjacent to the site and railway warehouses to the the characteristic semaphore signals road were demolished (they appear west of Bracondale during 2001 that that could be seen from Trowse on the left hand side surveyed in 1880 the decline of the area began to be railway bridge, as well as the two but not on the right surveyed in reversed. Trowse signal boxes. 1886). This terrace was probably tied to the Crown Point Estate (the Act of The settlement is effectively During 1866 to 1867 the sewage 1867 refers to the Corporation taking sandwiched between the railway to plant was constructed to the control of nineteen estate cottages). the north, which separates it from the southeast of the railway line. On 14 July 1909 a further ancillary city, and the river to the south, which building for the sewage works was separates it from the village of Trowse. A bill was passed by parliament opened by the Lord Mayor and local called ‘The City of Norwich Act 1867’ historian Walter Rye. A modern Sub area A is formed from the 19th instructing that as from the 1st pumping station was built to the century post industrial landscape of November 1867 sewage could no south in the late 20th century. the railway station and the sewage longer be discharged directly into the treatment works, which are in effect River Wensum. The bill legislated for During the 20th century the area self contained small scale ‘industrial’ the construction of new sewers, a fell into general decline and many enclaves divided by the railway line. new pumping station, and the of the buildings associated with leasing of a total of 1200 to 1300 the railway station and the sewage acres of the Crown Point Estate (then plant are no longer in use. in the ownership of Richard John Harvey) for irrigation.

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URBAN DESIGN AND STREETSCAPE

The pumping station rises above Brancondale Millgate is more rural County Hall dominates views out of the chimney stacks giving this part of the in character with older buildings and conservation area to the north conservation area a very industrial feel verdant landscaping

The river, the road and the railway all provide edges which have in effect separated parts of the conservation area, creating distinctly different landscapes and character areas.

The area as a whole suffers from deeply To the north west the railway station To the south east of the railway track is ingrained decline and there is a need is the principal building with various the sewage works. The original pumping for significant regeneration. However, small outbuildings and the former station acts as an important landmark, there are difficulties in developing both public house, most likely built to serve rising above the chimney stacks of the of the sites due to the continuing passing trade from the station and terrace houses and the lower lying ownership of the railway land by now in office use. ancillary building. This is most apparent Network Rail, and the continued from the large blue brick bridge which operation of the Sewage Works. visually links the two ‘compounds’.

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URBAN DESIGN & STREETSCAPE MAP

The ‘streetscape’ of the sub area is The lane leads to the site of the now much deteriorated and loosely former mill and railway warehouses, defined, however there is interest in which have provided inspiration for the remains of former platforms, rail the design of a new housing scheme lines and granite setts. These – sub area C. At this point the narrow characteristics emphasise the former lane opens out to more spacious industrial use of the areas and should landscaping and larger scale buildings. be preserved. County Hall appears very dominant in In extreme contrast Bracondale the background when looking north, Millgate has a more rural and verdant and the presence of the railway is character. Sub area B comprises early often heard with trains passing close housing (with the exception of Heron by. The modern pumping station also Island House) set back from a narrow detracts from the setting of the lane amongst vegetation. Historic pumping station complex and to walls and railings help to define some extent places a constraint on historic curtilages. further development.

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URBAN DESIGN & STREETSCAPE MAP

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ARCHITECTURE

The Mill House Trowse House Trowse House Cottages Although much of the conservation area is dominated by 19th century buildings associated with the railway and the sewage works, there are also some earlier houses associated with the mill and agricultural activity in the area.

The earliest surviving building in (Later windows can be identified by Trowse House (3), is Queen Anne the settlement is the Mill House the window horns which date from in style and dates from 1703. (1). The building dates from the after c1850). The building includes 17th century but was significantly initialled stones D.B. (which refer to The façade is typical of the period with remodelled in the 18th century. the miller Daniel Bloom) on the front gauged brick detailing, tuck pointing, elevation and A-B 1795 on a brick large window openings and two rows External evidence of the earlier beside the back door. Adjacent to of large chimney stacks, all designed to building remains in the flintwork to Mill House is Mill House Cottage (2) create an impression of wealth. the left of the front elevation where which dates from the early to mid Originally the house had a wide but wide gaps of brick infilling indicate 19th century and is of simple red shallow plan, but the building was the position of former mullioned brick construction with replacement extensively altered and enlarged in the windows. Elsewhere the fenestration windows. late 19th century, the most noticeable consists of sash windows dating from alteration to the front elevation being the 18th and 19th centuries. the single pane sash windows.

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ARCHITECTURE

Trowse railway station Trowse pumping station New housing based on former warehouses

Between Trowse House and the Railway building retains an original pub corner the original windows and slate roofs bridge lies a pair of cottages dating frontage, however the chimney stacks have been replaced with uPVC and from 1884 known as Trowse House have unfortunately been demolished. heavy concrete tiles. The third building Cottages (4). They were constructed of interest is an ancillary building with red brick, slate roof, and The sewage works consists of three dating from 1909 designed with characteristic Victorian sash windows. historic buildings: the original various early 18th century details such The terrace has now been converted pumping station (7), an adjoining as the door surround and Gibbs into one large house. row of workers’ terrace houses (8), surround detailing around the and the Edwardian ancillary windows. A modern pumping station The railway station (5) dates from building (9). has been built to the south. 1845 and is constructed in a ‘cottage’ style with knapped flints. The pumping station is red brick and The current river bridge (10) classical in style. Although there is a mostly dates from 1863 and is The former Pineapple Public House (6) large modern extension to the south, constructed of brick with stone dates from the mid to late 19th the original façade remains unaltered facing. The large blue and red brick century, and has been constructed of within the extension. The terrace railway bridge was reconstructed Costessey white bricks, a slate roof, houses are Victorian Gothic with around the same time (11). sash windows, dentilled eaves and polychromatic detailing of red and string course with brick quoins. The white bricks. Unfortunately many of

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ARCHITECTURE

Underneath the south span of the A new development of housing river bridge there is still evidence of completed in 2003 has successfully ribs belonging to an earlier bridge, reproduced the historic appearance and this may indicate that parts of the of the mill (14). The same principle original bridge may still form part of was applied to the demolition and the structure. reconstruction of the buildings known as Millgate House and Adjacent to the bridge is an early Maltings Cottage (15). The block 20th century (12) building built from was redesigned with an opened up concrete blockwork, a relatively early section at the rear to give the building use of this material. On the west side a more amenable domestic space of Bracondale adjacent to the river with balconies. Because the historic bank, a more modern house dating buildings were demolished they have from the 1970’s called Heron Island been removed from the local list. House (13) was also constructed of concrete blockwork. It was designed Pics over leaf: in a contemporary style by local From left to right

architect Malcolm Rose, and was 1. Dentilled gable - for a time his home. Trowse House

2. Polychromatic brickwork - Pumping station terrace

3. Gable clock - 1909 ancillary building

4. ‘Shopfront’ detail - Former Pineapple PH

5. 19th century window with pentice board and evidence of former window – Mill House

6. 19th century industrial detailing - Trowse Pumping Station

7. Carved door hood - 1909 ancillary building

8. Early 18th century door surround - Trowse House

9. Late 18th century door - Mill House

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1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

7. 8. 9.

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HISTORIC BUILDINGS MAP

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NATURAL CHARACTER

Views of the mill from the bridge are The river is also obscured from Beyond the mill the views open out obscured by thick vegetation even in winter Bracondale Millgate

The area between the bridge and the mill, sub area B, is thick with vegetation in contrast to the more barren industrial feel of sub area A, and the more open nature of the river to the west beyond the mill, sub area C.

The river bank, particularly the private In contrast, within the area to the east fenced off area between the river and of Bracondale there is very little in Bracondale Millgate, contributes terms of landscape character. towards the more tranquil rural scene. Although some landscaping features The area is protected from could be introduced, it is important development. Much of this area can that these industrial areas retain a best be viewed from the footpath more rugged industrial character. running just outside the conservation area on the south bank of the river.

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NATURAL CHARACTER MAP

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MANAGEMENT AND ENHANCEMENT

The city council has a duty to enhance Enhancement of the conservation area (S) Short Term the character and appearance of the also depends on the care that individual Straightforward enhancement conservation area where possible. The owners take with the maintenance and proposals, which should be following table highlights opportunities repair of their properties and due relatively easy to achieve or to improve the management of the consideration to preserving and are included in existing work conservation area and to carry out enhancing the conservation area when programmes enhancement. Inclusion on the list is carrying out alterations to their properties. not a commitment by the council to The list therefore also identifies (M)Medium Term Involves some expenditure undertake the work and further work opportunities for private owners. and/or complexity will be required to establish the feasibility of these proposals. Each After five years the appraisal will be (L) Long Term opportunity has been identified as a reviewed to see whether the character Complex proposals involving larger short, medium or long term goal and appearance of the conservation financial commitments reflecting its cost and complexity. area has been successfully enhanced and to assess whether new opportunities are available.

No. Location Issue Action Term Responsibility

1 Railway station Currently vacant Work with Network L Network Rail. and and deteriorating. Rail to find long term outbuilding. tenant and ensure Norwich City buildings are Council. maintained and necessary repairs are carried out.

2 Railway arches Some arches are Work with Network M-L Owners and (both sides of vacant, others Rail to find long term Occupiers. bridge). appear scruffy. tenants and carry out enhancement works. Network Rail.

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MANAGEMENT AND ENHANCEMENT

No. Location Issue Action Term Responsibility

3 Sewage Works 1909 building Find new tenants for M-L Site owner. Pumping vacant, earlier buildings and ensure Stations. pumping station buildings are partly vacant. Slow maintained and deterioration of necessary repairs are buildings. carried out.

4 Streetscape Streetscape Improve street M-L Site owner. around appears scruffy. surfaces, but ensure Sewage works that existing features and terrace. such as granite setts and rails are retained.

5 Trowse Bridge. Railings look tatty. Paint railings. S Norfolk County Council.

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MANAGEMENT & ENHANCEMENT MAP

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The following buildings have been Concrete blockwork whitewashed and LISTED BUILDINGS added to the Local List: roughly hewn quoin detailing. Blue plain tiled roof. Two red brick stacks. Former Pineapple Public House, The following buildings have been Metal windows retain red tile detailing Brancondale listed Grade II either because of their above ground floor windows. Mid C19. White brick with quoin and architectural interest, their historic Importance: early example of concrete string course detailing. Slate. Timber interest, their close historical housing. association or because they form sash windows. Ornate corner part of an important group. ‘shopfront’ includes ‘pineapple’ motifs The River Bridge in the detailing of the capitals. C15? Rebuilt 1863. Widened 1886. Bracondale Millgate Importance: Good example of a Flood damaged and repaired 1912. Mill House Victorian public house located here Red brick with stone facing and iron Trowse House because of the railway. railings. South span includes medieval groins. Railway Station and curtilage Importance: Good example of C19 buildings, Bracondale bridge incorporating surviving 1844. Mostly single storey with low medieval fabric. LOCAL LIST two storey central gable. Flint with slate roof. Gables have shaped timber Heron Island, Brancondale Millgate The following buildings within the bargeboard detailing. Timber sash 1970’s. Fair faced concrete blockwork. conservation area are included on the windows (central section has Dark stained timber windows. local list for their architectural and/or cruciform timber windows). Five white Importance: an unusual style of house historical importance. These buildings brick stacks. by a local architect. are valued for their contribution to Importance: Norwich’s first railway the local scene, or for local historical station. The following have been removed associations, but do not merit full from the Local List because they have statutory protection. The Railway Bridge been demolished: Mid C19. Blue and red brick. Bracondale Importance: a significant piece of mid Bracondale Millgate Trowse Pumping Station C19th railway infrastructure, the Millgate House Ancillary Building (dating from 1909) railway arches in particular are an Malting Cottage 1-6 Trowse Pumping Station Cottages unusual feature in Norfolk. A full list can be viewed at Bracondale Millgate www.norwich.gov.uk The White House Trowse House Cottages Early to mid C20. Two storey double Mill House Cottage fronted with overhanging eaves.

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NOTES

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NOTES

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CONTACT DETAILS PLANNING SERVICES CITY HALL NORWICH NR2 1NH TEL: 0844 980 3333

IF YOU NEED THIS APPRAISAL IN ANOTHER FORMAT OR LANGUAGE PLEASE PHONE 0844 980 3333, FAX 01603 213000 OR EMAIL [email protected]