Naturalist

Volume 47 Number 2 Article 15

4-30-1987

Flora of the Orange Cliffs of

L. M. Shultz Utah State University

E. E. Neely University of , Laramie

J. S. Tuhy The Nature Conservancy, Wellsville, Utah

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Recommended Citation Shultz, L. M.; Neely, E. E.; and Tuhy, J. S. (1987) "Flora of the Orange Cliffs of Utah," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 47 : No. 2 , Article 15. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol47/iss2/15

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. FLORA OF THE ORANGE CLIFFS OF UTAH

L. M. Shultz', E. E. Neely-. and j. S. Tuhy'

Abstract. —The vascular flora of tht- Orange Cliff's area, defined here as part of the Plateau floristic province, harbors approxiniateh- 209 species in 123 genera and 49 families. A species checklist is proxided with a discussion of physical and floristic aspects of the region. The flora is compared statistically to the San Rafael Swell flora, which is also a subset of the Colorado Plateau. We define si.x vegetation types and three edaphic communities; these are described and mapped. Of eleven endemic species in the Orange Cliffs, three are local and rare. Sites for Astragalus nidularius, A. moencoppensis, and ^lahritiscula var. lincarifolia are discussed and mapped.

Local floras are essential for assessment of counties for more than 95% of the taxa listed. biological diversity and for making biogeo- Additionally, we identified and described graphic comparisons. Unfortunately, they are nine vegetation types for the area (Fig. 2). available for few areas in the intermountain These include big sagebrush, blackbrush, region. A review by Bowers (1982) shows only grassland types, three pinyon-juniper associa- eight local checklists for Utah and , tions, and three edaphically defined types respectively, and most are unpublished re- designated as Chinle-shale, slope, and ports. While several floras cover broader ar- ephemeral wash types. eas within the state (Arnow et al. 1980, Cron- We were able to compare the flora of the quist et al. 1972, 1977, 1984, Holmgren and Orange Cliffs area to the flora of the San Rafael Reveal 1966, Shaw 1981, Welsh 1986), the Swell by using the recent publication by Har- less ambitious florula, or local checklist, has ris (1983). The San Rafael Swell is a massive the advantage of showing floristic similarities domal upwarp which lies northwest of the as well as discontinuities within broader floris- study area in Emery County and northern tic provinces. Wayne County. Both areas are included Recent attention has been drawn to the within the Canyonlands floristic section

Orange CliflFs area because of its unusually (Holmgren 1972). Because the two areas are rich reserves of tar sands. Access is difficult in close proximity but differ in geology and and attained with a drive of over 100 kilome- topography, this study presents a special op- ters on unimproved roads. Because of this portunity to compare two subsets of the Colo- inaccessibility, the area has been poorly rado Plateau flora, the San Rafael portion on known floristically. In 1980 we began a com- the west and Orange Cliffs portion in the cen- prehensive inventory of the Orange Cliffs ter of the Plateau.

(Fig. 1) within the Glen Canyon recreational area. Our work in the area was coordinated by Description of Study Area U.S. National Park Service personnel and was concurrent with the inventory of the Glen Southwest of the confluence of the Green Canyon National Recreation Area bv Welsh River and Colorado River, the Orange Cliffs (1983). rise above the Colorado River in a regional

The species list presented here is based on transition between the San Rafael Desert to three years of field work and provides the first the west and the Canyonlands to the east. published checklist for the area. From an ex- Encompassing much of eastern Wayne and amination of herbarium records, we deter- Garfield counties, the Orange Cliffs lie within mined that our collections represent the first the Canyonlands floristic section of the Colo- record from eastern Wavne and Garfield rado Plateau Division, a section which is the

'Department olBiologN. Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84.322, ~Rock\ Mountain Herbarium, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming. *rhe Nature Conservancy, Wellsville, Utah 84a39.

287 288 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 47, No. 2

•^-^- Wa^'"- 1 ^.N7?;F*

Segment of Southeast Utah showing Orange Cliffs region and San Rafael Swell

iff San Rafael Swell

San Rafael Desert

Cliffs

Fig. 1. Map of Utah from satellite image. The Canyonlands section of southeastern Utah is roughly bounded by the dark line. The San Rafael Swell boundary encompasses the flora described b\' Harris (1983), with the San Rafael desert shown as an area transitional to the Orange Cliffs. (Base map reproduced by permission from Weber State College, Ogden, Utah.) richest area for endemism in the intermovin- Canyon (heads of tributaries of the Dirty tain region (Hohngren 1972). Devil River), to French Spring on the north. The Orange ChfFs area hes primarily within The area encompasses appro.ximately 218 km" the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area. (84 mi") with elevations ranging from 1,675 m Small portions are administered by the Bu- to 2, 135 m. reau of Land Management or the state of The Orange Cliffs region consists primarily Utah. The area extends from Big Ridge and of gently dipping sedimentary strata of Trias- Sunset Pass on the south, northward across sic and Jurassic age (Huntoon et al. 1982). The parts of the South and Main forks of Happy oldest rock exposed within the study area is April 1987 Shultz et al. : Orange Cliffs Flora 289 VEGETATION COMMUNITIES

Big Sagebrush Blackbrush Grassland & /Grassland

Pinyon-Juniper/Sagebrush-Rabbitbrush Pinyon-| uniper/Ash-Serviceberry I Pinyon-)uniper/Blackbru5h-shrubs

I Slope

] Chinle Shale

Ephemeral Washes Seeps Area Boundary

\ c s L

Kilometers

1:62.500

Fig. 2. Vegetation map of the Orange Cliffs area. Types A-F are defined by the dominant vegetation. The slope, Chinle shale, and ephemeral wash types are defined by physical factors.

the Moenkopi Formation, comprised of ma- layers. Above the Moenkopi is the Chinle roon to reddish brown sandstones, mud- Formation, composed of a lower sandstone stones, shales, and lighter-colored carbonate and conglomerate member and an upper 290 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 47, No. 2 /NARROW ENDEMICS

Locations with Astragalus nidularius populations.

A Astragalus nidularius

X Xylorhlza glabrluscula var. linearlfolla

m Astragalus moencoppensis

• Seep areas

1970 Magnetic Declination

Fig. 3. Narrowly distributed soil endemics of the Orange Cliffs. Although the plant species mapped are rare, none are protected by the Endangered Species Act.

shale member. The overlying Wingate Sand- cliffs (up to 100 m high) for which the Orange stone forms the striking orange-red vertical Cliffs are named. The Wingate is usually April 1987 ShULTZ ETAl,.: OrANCE ClIPFS FlOIU 291

Table 1. Average annual precipitation and temperatures for one station within the Orange Cliffs region (Hans F'lat), one for Canyonlands (The Neck), and one for the southeast edge of the San Rafael Desert (Hanksvillc). Data are from NOAA (1982) and Gaylon Ashcroft, Office of the State Climatologist (personal eomnnmication).

Rainfall Temperature (inches) (F) Mt: Minimum Mean

Hans Flat Ranger Station* (2,012 m elevation) 11.6 (no data available) The Neck** (1,808 m elevation) 9.2 63.4 41.8 52.7 Hanksville*** (1,283 m elevation) 5.2 69.4 36.7 53.1

four-year mean (1981-84) twenty-year mean (1965-84) thirty-year mean (19.51-80) capped by the Kayenta Formation, in turn in two areas (Mueller-Dombois and Ellenberg overlain by the Navajo Sandstone, which is 1974), and the Otsuka Index, whose prefer- the youngest exposed formation in the region. ence is explained in a recent factor analysis

The Navajo is eroded from the southern part (McLaughlin 1986). Formulas for similarities of the study area but is extensively exposed to (S) are as follows: the north on mesa tops. S (j) = c / a + b - c Qaccard Index) The climate of the Orange Cliffs area is S (s) = c/ (a + b)" X .5(Sorenson Index) typical of the Colorado Plateau. Rainfall peaks S (o) = c / (a X b)''' (Otsuka Index) are in spring, midsummer, and fall (Gaylon Ashcroft, Office of Utah State Climatologist, where c = number of species common to both personal communication). Average annual floras, a ^ number of species in flora one, h = precipitation and temperatures are reported number of species in flora two. for the three meteorological stations closest to The classification of vegetation types began the Orange Cliffs (Table 1). with a review of references dealing with vege- tation types in the general area (Cronquist et Methods al. 1972, Loope 1977). Reconnaissance on ground and by fixed-wing aircraft verified that Intensive surveys were made throughout major vegetation types of the Orange Cliffs the study area over three successive field sea- are similar to those of Canyonlands National sons from 1981 through 1983. Comprehensive Park. Sites in each major vegetation type were collections were made of spe- sampled for species composition, cover, den- cies with voucher specimens identified and sity and frequency of species; soil profiles deposited in herbaria of Utah State University were described on at least one site in each (UTC), Brigham Young University (BRY), and major type. Data are reported by Tuhv and University of Colorado (COLO). Nomencla- Jensen (1983).

ture follows Cronquist et al. (1972, 1977,

1984) and Welsh et al. (1981). Shultz, in the Results

manuscript of Albee et al. (in press), was Species Numbers searched for additional reports. The species checklist for the Orange Cliffs We documented 209 plant species from 49 was compared to the San Rafael Swell flora families within the Orange Cliffs area. Added (Harris 1983) for families, genera, species, to the list are 11 taxa that we expect to occur and growth forms. We contrasted three in- within the study area based on information in dices of similarity, the Jaccard and Sorenson Albee et al. (in press). Of the 209 species, 12% coefficients and the Otsuka Index (Simpson are annuals, 62% are herbaceous perennials, 1980) for comparison of the floras of the Or- and 26% are woody species. Tables 2 and 3 ange Cliffs and the San Rafael Swell (based on show the comparison of species totals and species actually collected). The Jaccard Index growth forms for the Orange Cliffs and the San measures the ratio of common to total species Rafael Swell. The greatest diflPerences are in in two area. This was compared to the Soren- the higher percentage of annuals in the San son Index, which measures the ratio of com- Rafael Swell and higher percentage of woody mon species to the average number of species perennials in the Orange Cliffs. The percent- 292 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 47, No. 2

Table 2. Summary of total numbers of species, gen- Table 3. Summary of total number (and percentage) of era, and families of vascular plants found in the Orange vascular plant species found in the Orange Cliffs and the Cliffs and San Rafael Swell. San Rafael Swell tabulated by growth form and origin. These are compared to percentages of species compiled Location for all southwest floras (McLaughlin 1986). Orange Cliffs San Rafael Swell Orange San Rafael Species 209 478 Cliffs Swell Southwest Genera 123 215 Families 49 59 Annuals

age of adventive species is low for both areas, comprising only 2% of the species in the Or- ange Cliffs and 5% in the San Rafael Swell.

Endemic Plant Species

Eleven species endemic to the Canyon- lands section of the Colorado Plateau were found in the Orange Cliffs area. These ta.xa are Astragalus desperatus Jones, Astragalus moencoppensis Jones, Astragalus nidularius Barneby, Astragalus wingatanus S. Watson, Cryptantha osterhoutii (Payson) Payson, Cryptantha tenuis (Eastw.) Payson, Ephedra cutleri Peebles, Eriogonum hicolor Jones, Gilia suhnuda Torr. ex Gray, Penstemon cyanocaulis Payson, and Xylorhiza glabrius- cula var. linearifolia T. J. Watson. While most of these taxa are widespread within the study area, we identified three narrowly distributed endemic plant taxa in the Orange Cliffs region which we considered sufficiently rare to war- rant further investigation and precise map- ping (Fig. 3). These are Astragalus nidular- ius. Astragalus moencoppensis, and Xylorhiza glahriuscula var. linearifolia. They are restricted to clays or sands of the Chinle Formation. Astragalus nidularius (birds nest milk- vetch) occurs on sandy soils derived from the sandstones and conglomerates of the Chinle Formation. There are large populations ofAs- tragalus nidularius in both the South and Main forks of Happy Canyon. Plants grow in little-used roadbeds and washes; typical vege- tation types are pinyon-juniper and black- brush. Populations appear healthy, as an abundance of seedlings and voung plants were found in 1983. Astragalus moencoppensis (Moenkopi milkvetch) occurs in a narrow band above the A. nidularius habitat in the shadscale- spineless hopsage vegetation type. It grows on the shale barrens of the upper member of the Chinle and also on the Moenkopi Forma- —

April 1987 SHULTZ ETAL.: OrANGE ClIFFS FLORA 293 provinces that have been recognized by hold Flat southeast of the study area. Species botanists through the years. McLaughhn composition is very similar to that of the pure shows an Otsuka index of similarity of 0.70 for grasslands. Gutierrezia ssp. and Bromus tec- floras within the Canyonlands portion of torum are abundant where grazing pressure southeast Utah and western Colorado, while has been high. our comparison of the San Rafael Swell and PiNVON-JUNIPER/SAGEBRUSH-RABBITBRUSH Orange Cliffs shows an index of 0.56. This is a TiPE. —This type appears to be restricted to reflection of the 39 species in the Orange scattered locations on the mesa tops. Cliffs and 309 species in the San Rafael Swell Artemisia tridentata, Aiiemisia nova, and/or that are not common to both areas. While the Chrysothamnus viscidifloriis occur as under- latter figure may be explained by greater habi- story species. The soils are relatively deep. tat diversity in the San Rafael Swell, the num- PlNYON-JUNIPER/ASH-SERVICEBERRY TYPE. ber of species that do not extend from the —This type occupies extensive areas of the Orange Cliffs to the Swell remains a puzzle. mesa tops. Common associated species in- clude Fraxinus anomala, Amelanchier uta- Vegetation Types hensis, Ccrcocarpus montanus, C. intricatus, Nine vegetation types were identified by and Mahonia fremontii. Shallow soils and dominant plant species or by topographic po- slickrock outcrops are common. sition. Brief descriptions of each type are pre- PiNYON-JUMPER/BLACKBRUSH-SHRUBTYPE. sented below. This type is almost entirely restricted to the Big sagebrush riPE. —Big sagebrush broad, undulating benches below the cliffs of {Artemisia fridentata) dominates large open- the Wingate Formation. The trees form a bro- ings in the woodlands of the mesa tops (Gor- ken layer above scattered Coleogyne ramosis- don and Flint flats). Bouteloua gracilis occurs sima and other shrubs. in local patches. Bromus tectorum and Slope type. —This type occurs on detrital Gutierrezia sarothrae dominate disturbed ar- rubble below the Wingate Formation that eas. At one time these openings probably sup- forms slopes of 35 to 80%. Pinus edulis and ported a much greater cover of native peren- Leymus salina are common on these slopes nial grasses such as Oryzopsis hymenoides and and are characterized by scattered individuals Stipa comata, which are sensitive to livestock of Shepherdia rotundifolia, Haplopappus grazing (Loope 1977). scopulorum, and Eriogonum corymbosum. Blackbrush TiPE —Blackbrush {Coleog- Chinle shale TiPE. —Below the cliffs of the yne ramusissima ) occupies benches and gen- Wingate Formation are slopes of hard-packed tly sloping flats below the cliffs of the Wingate gray clays and shales of the upper member of Formation in the South Fork of Happy the Chinle Formation. Atriplex confertifolia Canyon and large areas in the Waterhold Flat and Grayia hrandegei are usually present on vicinity southeast of the study area. Ephedra these sites. Associated species include viridis and Opitntia spp. are common associ- Atriplex canescens, Chrysothamnus viscidi- ates of blackbrush in this type. florus, Hilaria jamesii, Sitanion hystrix, As- Grassland Ti'PE. —The grassland type con- clepias cryptoceras, and Hymenoxys richard- sists of pure grasslands and grasslands con- sonii. taining patches of Ephedra cutleri. Pure Ephemeral wash type. —Chrysothamnus grasslands occur on deep, well-drained soils nauseosus and Tamarix ramosissima occur in and are dominated by Oryzopsis hymenoides, and along ephemeral washes of the canyon Hilaria jamesii, and Stipa comata. They oc- bottoms in the lowest elevations of the study cupy small areas on flats below the cliffs of the area. Populus fremontii, Muhlenbergia asper- Wingate Formation in both the Main and ifolia, Juncus balticus, and Hedysariim bore- South forks of Happy Canyon. Associated ale were also observed along these channels. grass species include Sitanion Iiystrix, Rhus radicans and Rhamnus betulaefolia Sporobohis cryptandrus, and S. flcxuosus. dominate the few seep areas in the Navajo Grasslands that have considerable cover of Sandstone cliffs in the northeast portion of the Ephedra cutleri are more common than pure Orange Cliffs. Bromus tectorum is also grasslands. The subtype occurs in Gordon present. Adiantum capillus-veneris occurs in Flats and also occupies large areas in Water- smaller seep areas. 294 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 47, No. 2

Discussion mesas, that have been subjected to a long

history of grazing. The degree of grazing use is Species Richness illustrated by several factors, including the The Canyonlands floristic section of the presence of weedy exotics such as cheatgrass Colorado Plateau harbors the richest flora of {Bromus tectonim), an abundance of native the interniountain region (Holmgren 1972). increasers such as matchweed {Gtitierrezia The Orange Cliffs area as a subset of Canyon- sarothrae) and prickly pear (Opuntia pohja- lands is not particularly rich in numbers of cantha), and a scarcity of grass in the pinyon- species (209), but it does contain 11 taxa that juniper vegetation types. Although the area are endemic to the Canvonlands floristic sec- shows the effects of a long history of grazing, tion. The San Rafael Swell (Harris 1983) is introduced Eurasian weeds constitute a small with floristically richer by comparison, 478 percentage of the flora. This may be the result total species and 15 endemic species reported of isolation from agricultural and developed strictly en- for the area. Eight species are areas and the relative dryness of the habitat. to the Swell, whereas an additional demic However, certain adventive weeds such as seven species are endemic to the Swell and cheatgrass are very abundant on some sites. adjacent lands. Only one regional endemic, Well-developed seep zones are confined to Eriofionum hicolor, occurs in both the Orange an occasional spring. Thus, the absence of Cliffs and the San Rafael Swell. hanging gardens, where there is a high con- When the Orange Cliffs and the San Rafael centration of endemics as well as numerous Swell floras are compared by the Jaccard In- common species in southeastern Utah, would dex (Mueller-Dombois and Ellenberg 1974), account in some measure for the depauperate^ they appear to be quite dissimilar (32%). This nature of the flora of the Orange Cliffs. For index gives greater weight to species that are example, Mimnlus eastwoodiae , Aqiiilegia unique to either area. The Sorenson Index, micrantha, Priinula specuicola, Carexciirato- which gives greater weight to species that are rum, and Cirsium rydhergii, endemics of common to both areas, is considerably higher hanging gardens found throughout Canyon- (49%). lands National Park, are absent in the Orange Several factors may account for the some- Cliff's. what depauperate flora of the Orange Cliffs area relative to the San Rafael Swell. Differ- Endemism ence in area is important; the total area of the

Orange Cliffs is approximately one-third the Unusual soil types, especially those that are size of the Swell. However, the Orange Cliffs fine-textured, often form a habitat that har- area is sufficiently large to support greater bors species specialists of narrow ecological diversity. The San Rafael Swell encompasses a amplitudes. As study of a species restricted to much wider range in elevation (1,349 to 2,500 gypsum outcrops has shown (Meyer 1980), m) than the Orange Cliffs (1,675 to 2,135 m), the fine-textured gypsum forms unusually dry and geologic diversity is considerably greater surface layers which inhibit the seed germina- in the Swell. Five geologic formations are ex- tion of species common in coarser soils. While posed in the Orange Cliffs area while approxi- seeds of the soil specialists may germinate in mately 15 formations are exposed in the San other sites, competition from other plants Rafael Swell. Most of the rocks in the Orange substantially interferes with their growth. Cliffs are flat-lying beds of sandstone (some Thus, rare species that occur only on a partic- shales), whereas in the San Rafael Swell there ular geologic substrate are not necessarily re- are sandstones, limestones, and shales which stricted to that substrate but may be pre- are tilted and exposed at all angles. Thus, the served from extinction by lack of competition San Rafael Swell not only encompasses a from species less suited for that substrate larger area but also has a more diverse geol- (Grimes 1984). The endemics of the Orange ogy, providing potential habitat for a more Cliffs region are all restricted to a particular diverse flora. soil substrate, with those that are restricted to Grazing history may account for a de- fine-textured clays being more narrowly re- creased diversity of species in the Orange stricted endemics than those found on the Cliffs area. There are areas, especially on the more common sandstone soils. April 1987 Shultzetal.: Ofl\nge Cliffs Floka 295

Summary Anacardiaceae Rhus trilohata Nutt. in T. & G. Rlius trilohata Nutt. in T. & G. var. With 209 species of plants, the flora of the

Orange Cliffs is comparatively depauperate. Apiaceae The adjacent San Rafael Swell flora has more Cijmoptcrus fcndlcri Gray Cipnoptcrus pur})urascens (Gray) M. E. than twice the number of species. While we Jones Cymopterus pur})urcus S. Wats. attribute this in part to the smaller area of the Orange Cliffs, we recognize that greater spe- Apocynaceae Apocynum caiiuahinuiu L. cies diversity corresponds with greater geo- logic heterogeneity within the San Rafael Asclepiadaceae Swell. The Orange Cliffs harbor fewer annuals Asch'pias cryptoceras Wats. and more species of woody perennials than Asclcpias latifoUa (Toir.) Raf. Asclepias macrospenna Eastw. the San Rafael Area. While the paucity of annuals may be due in part to isolation from Ambrosia acanthicarpa well-traveled roads and management prac- Hook. Artemisia bificlovii Gray tices that have hindered the introduction of Artemisia campesfris L. weedy annual species, the Orange Cliffs form Artemisia dracuiiculus L. a high plateau predominantly within a pinyon Artemisia filifolia Torr. Artemisia frii^ida Willd. and juniper zone, a habitat that favors woody Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. mexicana (Willd.) Keck perennials. In spite of similar habitats within Artemisia mwa A. Nels. the San Rafliel Swell, almost 20% (39 species) Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. tridcntata of the Orange Cliffs flora does not extend to Brickellia lou^ifolia Wats. Brickellia micro))liylI(i (Nutt.) Gray the San Rafael Swell. Until we have more Brickellia ohloiii^ifolia Wats. specific information on species distributions Chaenactis stevioides H. & A. within the mosaic of Canyonlands habitats, Chrysothamnus miuseosus (Pallas) Britt. however, the reasons for the relatively low Chrysotluimuus nauseosus (Pallas) Britt. ssp. graveolens (Nutt.) Piper similarity between two subsets of the flora Chrysothamuus nauseosus {PaWhs) Britt. ssp. leiospermus must remain conjectural. (Gray)H. & C. ChrysotJmmnus pulchellus (Gray) Greene ChrysotJiamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt. Acknowledgments Cirsium undulatum (Gray) Spreng. Erigcron aphanactis (Gray) Greene This work was performed under contract Erigeron pumdus Nutt. with W. F. Sigler and Associates, Inc., Logan, Erigeron utahensis Gray var. sparsiflorus (Eastw.) Cronq. Utah; Santa Fe Energy Company, Houston, Gutierrezia microcephula (DC.) Gray ; Altex Oil Corporation, Denver, and Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby Colorado. Shultz was supported through a Haplopappus scopulorunt (Jones) Blake in Tidestr. grant to the Utah State University Founda- Heterotheca vdlosa (Nutt.) Shinners Hymem^)appus filifolius Hook. tion. We are grateful to Dr. John Sigler for his Hymenoxys acaidis (Piush) Parker management of the many-faceted biological, Hymem)xys richardsonii (Hook.) Cockerell archaeological, and geological studies on this Leucelenc ericoides (Torr.) Greene site; to John Shultz for botanical expertise and Machaeranthcra canescens (Pursh) Gray Machacranthera grindelioides (Nutt.) Shinners editorial comments; and to John Sigler and Machaeranthcra leucanthcmifolia Greene in Frank Smith for their extensive work the Machaeranthcra linearis Greene field. This manuscript benefited from the Oxytenia acerosa Nutt. comments of Dr. Stanlev Welsh. Petradoria pumila (Nutt.) Greene Senecio multdohatusT. & G. Senecio spartioidesT. & G. Species Checklist Stenotus (Haplopappus) urmerioides (Nutt.) A. Gray Stephanomeria cxigua Nutt. Stephanomeria tenuifolia (Torr.) Hall Agaxaceae Toivnscndia annua Beanian Yucca an

Berberidaceae Astragahis desperatus Jones Mahonia fremontii Feddc Astragalus lentiginosus Dougl. var. palans (M. E. Jones) BORAGINACEAE M. E. Jones Astragalus lonchocarpus Torr. Cnjptantha confei-fifolia (Greene) Payson Astragalus nioencoppensis M. E. Jones Cnjptantha crassisepala (T. & G.) Greene Astragalus niollissimus Torr. var. thompsonae (Wats.) C njptantha flava (A. Nels.) Payson Barneby Cnjptantha flavoculata (A. Nels.) Payson Astragalus nidularius Barneby Cnjptantha jamesii (Torr.) Payson Astragalus praelongus Sheld. Cnjptantha osterhotitii (Payson) Payson Astragahis uingatanus S. Wats. Cnjptantha tcmiis (Eastw.) Payson

Dalea flaiescens (S. Wats. ) Welsh Lappida occidcntalis (Wats.) Greene Hedysanim borcalc Nutt. Lithospennum incisttm Lehni. Lupinus argenteus Pursh \'ar. argenteus Brassicaceae Liipinus pusillus Pursh Arahis perennans Wats. Pedionwhnn megalantha (Woot. & Standi.) Welsh Arahis pulchra M. E. Jones var. pallens M. E. Jones Psalidium lanceolatum (Pursh) Welsh Caulanthtis divaricatus Rollins Desctirainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt. FUMARIACEAE Corydalis aurea Willd. Draha cuneifolia R. Graham var. ciincifolia Draha verna L. Gentianaceae

Enjsimum aspenim (Nutt.) DC. Frasera paniculata Torr. ( ^ Sicertia utahensis [Jones] St. Lepidium montanum Nutt. John) LesquercUa hidoviciana (Nutt.) S. Wats. Hydrophyelaceae Phijsaria acutifolia Rydb. Phacelia crenulata Torr. in Wats. Schocncrambe linifolia (Nutt.) Greene Phacelia ivesiana Torr. Sisijmbritim altissimtim L. Stanlctja pinnata (Pursh) Britt. Juncvceae Streptanthella lonfiin)sths (Wats.) Rydb. Juncus balticus Willd. Streptanthus cordatus Nutt. Lamiaceae Cactaceae Marrubium vulgare L. Echinoceretis tri^Iochidiatus Eni^elm. LiLIACEAE Opuntia phaeacantha Engelni. nevadense Wats. Opttntia pohjacantha Haw. Androstephiuni breriflorum Wats. Sclerocactiis parviflonis Clover ix Jotter Calochortus aureus Wats. Capparidaceae Caloehotius nuttallHT. & G. in Beckwith Clcome Ititea Hook. Zigadenus jxiniculatus (Nutt.) Wats. Caprifoliaceae LiNACEAE Symphoricarpos lon^iflunts Gray Linum aristatum Engelni. Caryophyllaceae LOASACEAE Arenaria eastwoodiae Rydb. Mentzelia albieaulis Dougl. in Hook. Paronychia sessiliflora Nutt. Mentzelia niultiflora (Nutt.) Gray Chenopodiaceae Malvaceae Atriplex canesccns (Pursh) Nutt. Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb. Atriplex confertifolia (T. & G.) Wats. Sphaeralcea grossularifolia (H. & A.) Rydb. Ceratoides lanata (Pursh) T. Howell J. Nyctaginaceae Gniyia hrandc^ei Gray Abronia elliptica A. Nels. Kochia americana Wats. Oxybaphus linearis (Pursh) Rob. Salsoht paul.scnii Sennen & Pan Oleaceae CUPRESSACEAE Fraximis anomala Torr. Junipenis osteosperma (Torr. ) Little Onagraceae Elaeagnaceae Calylophus lavandulacfolitis (T. & G.) Raven Shepherdia rottindifolia Parry Oenothera caespitosa Nutt. ssp. macroglottis Wagner & Ephedraceae Klein Ephedra cutleri Peebles Oenothera pallida Lindl. Ephedra torreyana Wats. Orobanchaceae Ephedra viridis Gov. Orobanche multiflora Nutt. EUPHORBIACEAE PiNACEAE Euphorbia fendleri T. & G. Pinus edulis Engehn. Euphorbia ghjptospenna Engelni. Fabaceae Plantaginac:eae Plantago patagoniea Jacq. Astragahis amphioxys A. Gray var. vespct-tinus (Sheldon) M. E. Jones POACEAE Astragalus ceramicus Sheld. Aristida purpurea Nutt. April 1987 SHULTZ ETAL.: OrANGE ClIFFS FlOHA 297

Botitcloua curtipcndula (Michx.lTorr. Santaeac:eae

Boiitcloua <;rrt(/7i.v (H. B. K.) Lag. ex Stcud. Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. Brointi.s tectonim L. Sgrophulahiageae Hilariajcimesii (Torr.) Benth. Castilleja chromosa A. Nels. Lciimiis sdliiui (Jones) A. Love Castilleja linariifolia Benth. in DC. MithleiilxTsiia aspcrifolia (Nees & Mey) Parodi Castilleja scabrida I']ast\v. Mu1ilciihcr>iia piin^eiis Thurb. Cordyhiiithiis icrightii Gray in Emory AUinroa squurrosa (Nutt.) Torr. Pediciilahs centranthera Gray Onjzopsis ht/iticnoides (R. & S.) Bicker Penstemon barbatus (Cav.) Roth Phr(i

Sporoholus ficxuosiis (Thurb. ) Rydb. Solanaceae Stipa comata Trin. & Rupr. Solantim triflorum Nutt. Stipa speciosa Trin. & Rupr. Tamarigageae Vul))ia octoflora Walt. Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. POLEM()NI.\CE.\E Gilia a^.^re^at(i (Pursli) Spreng. var. arizonica (Greene) Fosberg References Cited Gilia inconspicua (Smith) Sweet var. sinuata (Hook.) A. Gray Albee, B. a., L. M, Shl'ltz, andS Goodrigh Atlas of the Gilia suhnuda Torr. ex Gray vascular plants of Utah. In press. Lcptodactylon pttn^cns (Torr.) Nutt.

Arnovv, . A. Wygicoff, 1980. Flora of the Lcptodactylon watsonii (Gray) Rydb. L B Albee, and central Wasatch Front, Utah. University of Phlox hoodii Richards Utah Press, Salt Lake City. 663 Phlox longifolia Nutt. pp. Bowers. E 1982. Local floras of the Southwest, POLYGALACEAE J 1920-1980; an annotated bibliographv. Great Polijgala stibspinosa Wats. Basin Nat. 42: 105-112. POLYGONACEAE Cronquist, A , A Holmgren, N H Holmgren, and J. L Eriogontim alattim Torr. Ren'Eal. 1972. Intermountain flora. Vol. 1. Hafner Eriogomnn hicolor Jones Publishing Company, New York. 270 pp. Eriogontim cernuum Nutt. Cronquist, A , A Holmgren, N H. Holmgren, J L Re- Eriogontim conpnho.suin Benth. in DC. var. ()rl>ictdattim veal. AND P K Holmgren 1977. Intermountain (Stokes) Reveal & Brotherson flora. Vol. 6. Columbia University Press, New Eriogontim dcflcxum Torr. in Ives York. 584 pp. Eriogontim injlatiim Torr. & Frem. 1984. Intermountain flora. Vol. 4. The New York Eriogontim microthecttm Nutt. Botanical Garden Press, New York. 573 pp. Eriogontim tvethcrillii Eastw. Grimes. J. 1984. Notes on the flora of Leslie Gulch, POLYPODIACEAE Malheur County, . Madroiio 31: 80-85. Adianttim capilltis-veneris L. Harris. J. G. 1983. A vascular flora of the San Rafael PORTULACEAE Swell, Utah. Great Basin Nat. 43(1): 79-87.

Portulaca oleracea L. Holmgren. A., and J. L Reveal. 1966. A checklist of the Ranunculaceae vascular plants of the Intermountain Region. U.S.F.S. Research Paper INT. -32. 160 Clematis ligtisticifolia Nutt. in T. & G. pp. Delphinium scaposum Greene Holmgren, N H. 1972. Plant geography of the Inter- mountain Region, //i A. Cronquist et al., Inter- Rhamnageae mountain flora. Vol. 6. Columbia University Ceanothtis greggii Gray Press, New York. 584 pp. Rhamnus betulacfolia Greene HuNTOON, P., G. Billingslee, Jr.. and P. Breed. 1982. ROSACEAE Geologic map of the Canyonlands National Park Amelanchier utahensis Koehne and vicinity. Canyonlands Natural History Associ- Cercocarpus intricattis Wats. ation, Moab, Utah. Cercocarpus montanus Raf. LOOPE, W. L. 1977. Relationships of vegetation to envi- Coleogtjne Torr. ramosissima ronment in Canyonlands National Park. Unpub- Holodiscus dumosus (Nutt.) Heller lished dissertation, Utah State University, Logan. Purshia mcxicana (D. Don.) Welsh var. stansbun/i 142 pp. (Torr.) Welsh Madsen, J H 1983. Paleontological survey. Tar Sands Rosa ivoodsii Lindl. Triangle in J. W. Sigler and J. S. Tuhy, eds.. Salicaceae Resource surveys. Tar Sands Triangle, Wayne and Poptdtis fremontii Wats. Garfield counties, Utah. 506 pp. 298 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 47, No. 2

McLaughlin. S. P. 1986. Flori,stic analysis of the south- Sk;ler, J W , and J S Tuhy, eds. 1982. Ecological sur- western . Great Basin Nat. 46: veys, Altex oil leases, southern Utah. W. F. Sigler 46-65. &: Associates, Inc., Logan, Utah. 120 pp. Simpson, G G 1980. Why and how; some problems and Meyer, S 1980. The ecology of gypsophily in the Mohave methods in historical biologv. Pergamon Press, desert. L'npublished dissertation, Claremont Col- Oxford. lege, . 199 pp. TuHY.J S, and S.Jensen. 1983. Soils and vegetation. /n J.

MUELLER-DUMBOIS. D , ,\ND H Ellenberg 1974. Aims W. Sigler and J. S. Tuhy, eds., Resource surveys of vegetation ecology. Wiley, and methods John of the Tar Sands Triangle, Wayne and Garfield New York. 547 pp. counties, LUah. 506 pp. 1983. Shaw, R. J., M. E. Barkworth, and G M Briggs Welsh, S L 1983. Checklist of the plants of Glen Canyon Manual of the vascular plants of Cache and Rich National Recreation Area. U.S. Department of counties, Utah. 3d printing. Department of Biol- Interior, Park Service. Unpublished manuscript. ogy, Utah State University, Logan. 384 pp. 1986. A Utah flora. Great Basin Nat. Mem. 10. 894 Smith, pp. Shultz. L M . J TuHY. E E. Neely, F and J

S. , D. K. Shultz. 1983. Threatened and endangered plant Welsh, L N. Atwood, S Goodrich, E Neese, H Thorne, and B Albee. 1981. Preliminary in- resources. In J. W. Sigler and J. S. Tuhy, eds.. dex of Utah vascular plant names. Great Basin Resource surveys. Tar Sands Triangle, Wayne and Nat. 41(1); 1-108, Garfield counties, Utah. 506 pp.