DOCSLIB.ORG

Relaxed Selection in Erythropoietic Gene Hemogen Among High-Latitude Antarctic Notothenioids

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Relaxed Selection in Erythropoietic Gene Hemogen Among High-Latitude Antarctic Notothenioids Relaxed selection in erythropoietic gene hemogen among high-latitude Antarctic notothenioids by Carmen M. Elenberger B.A. in Anthropology, University of Florida A thesis submitted to The Faculty of the College of Science of Northeastern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science December 12, 2018 Thesis directed by H. William Detrich Professor of Biochemistry and Marine Biology 1 Copyright 2018 Carmen Elenberger 2 Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. H. William Detrich, for his guidance and his support over the past four years. He challenged me to broaden my horizons and gave me the opportunity to travel to the ends of the earth in order to do so. I would also like to thank Dr. Thomas Desvignes, as well as Laura Goetz and Sierra Smith, for their assistance in conducting field work for this project. I would like to extend further thanks to Dr. Jacob Daane for permitting me to use his unpublished data to expand my analyses. Many thanks to Biology Open for allowing me to reproduce their figure with permission [1]. I would like to thank my committee members, Dr. A. Randall Hughes and Dr. Steve Vollmer, for their interest in my research and their advice in analyzing and framing the results of my research. I would also like to thank my labmate, Dr. Michael Peters, and our lab manager, Sandra Parker, for their advice, assistance, and encouragement over the years. Additionally, I would like to thank the faculty and staff of the Marine Science Center, as well as the funding sources for this research. Special thanks to the staff of Palmer Station and the crew of the Laurence M. Gould for a productive and memorable field season. Finally, I would like to thank my friends and family for their unwavering support and encouragement, now and always. 3 Abstract of Thesis Antarctic icefish (Channichthyidae) are the only vertebrate taxon with an erythrocyte-null phenotype, and present an interesting model for studying the evolution and regulation of erythropoiesis. The gene hemogen has been identified to encode a protein which plays a role in regulating erythropoietic processes in vertebrates. hemogen may have been potentially impacted by the loss of globin-expression. I investigated possible relaxed selection at the hemogen locus by looking for evolutionary change to the regulatory elements or segments encoding the Hemogen protein, and assessed the evolutionary processes that drove hemogen variation among Antarctic notothenioids. While regulatory mechanisms remain intact, icefish show a significant 90bp indel in exon 3 of hemogen that would disrupt conserved modules in the Hemogen protein that are critical for erythropoiesis. Despite this, hemogen still remains expressed at low levels in adult icefish and possesses a novel splice variant that encodes a truncated protein possibly serving as a dominant negative for wild-type Hemogen. I conclude that while hemogen has undergone relaxed selection and accumulated mutations that would impact erythropoietic function in non-Antarctic fish, the observed mutations may be tolerated due to erythrocyte and hematocrit modifications in notothenioid blood phenotypes. hemogen may have a decreased— but still important—role to play in icefish, possibly functioning as a dominant negative for hemogen’s role in erythropoiesis. 4 Table of Contents Acknowledgements 3 Abstract of Thesis 4 Table of Contents 5 List of Tables 6 List of Figures 7 List of Abbreviations 9 Introduction 11 Methods 15 Results 21 Discussion 29 Tables and Figures 40 References 67 5 List of Tables 1 Primers used in PCR and qRT-PCR reactions to amplify hemogen gDNA and cDNA in Antarctic notothenioids (pg 40) 2 Species sequenced and included in study of Antarctic notothenioid hemogen (pg 41) 3 Codon usage bias for hemogen (total coding sequence) among Antarctic notothenioids (pg 42) 4 Mean pairwise dN/dS for within-family comparisons of Antarctic notothenioid families (pg 43) 5 Mean pairwise dN/dS for between-family comparisons of Antarctic notothenioid families (pg 44) 6 Results of codon-based site tests conducted in CodeML on the Antarctic radiation (pg 45) 6 List of Figures 1 Zebrafish Si:dkey-25o16.2 and human Hemogen are orthologous and encode related proteins that differ in size (pg 46) 2 Icefish transcript variants for hemogen and their putative effects on translation illustrated in representative species Champsocephalus gunnari (pg 48) 3 Maximum likelihood tree used to test for positive selection on the branch leading to the Antarctic notothenioid clade (pg 50) 4 Maximum likelihood tree used in site-tests for positive/pervasive selection among Antarctic notothenioids (pg 51) 5 RELAX tree shows relaxed selection on the branches contained Bathydraconidae and Channichthyidae, demonstrating a trend of relaxed selection in hemogen on the way to the erythrocyte-null phenotype (pg 53) 6 Gene structure and size remains conserved among red-blooded and white-blooded notothenioids, including regulatory regions conserved among teleost fish (pg 54) 7 Conservation of conserved non-coding elements CNE1 and CNE2 in Antarctic notothenioids relative to Gasterosteus aculeatus and Danio rerio (pg 56) 8 hemogen exon 3 deletions in representative species from Channichthyidae relative to a red-blooded notothenioid, and their predicted effects on transcription and translation (pg 57) 9 Variant forms of hemogen “exon 3” deletion mapped onto the Channichthyidae species tree (pg 59) 10 hemogen indels in Antarctic notothenioids mapped onto a maximum parsimony tree (pg 60) 11 Pairwise dN/dS comparisons plotting total dN/dS of whole Hemogen-encoding sequence with the dN/dS values for the N-terminus and C-terminus of notothenioid Hemogen, within families Nototheniidae (A & B) and Channichthyidae (C & D). (pg 62) 12 Pairwise dN/dS trends between families Nototheniidae and Channichthyidae, plotting whole-Hemogen dN/dS vs the N-terminus (A) or C-terminus (B). (pg 63) 13 qPCR quantification of hemogen transcript variants in representative icefish species C. aceratus and C. gunnari, comparing adult head kidney hemogen expression with N. coriiceps adult head kidney for both hemgn-L and hemgn-s splice variants (pg 64) 7 14 Changes to the bipartite nuclear localization signal in icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari) relative to red-blooded notothens (Notothenia coriiceps). (pg 66) 8 List of Abbreviations aa amino acid bp base pair CAI Codon Adaptation Index cDNA complementary DNA CNE conserved non-coding element dN nonsynonymous mutation rate DNA deoxyribonucleic acid dN/dS ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous mutation rates dS synonymous mutation rate EDAG erythroid differentiation-associated gene GATA1 GATA-binding protein 1 gDNA genomic deoxyribonucleic acid HoxB4 homeobox B4 KLF4 Krueppel-like Factor 4 -lnL negative log likelihood MMCT Middle Miocene Climate Transition MRCA most recent common ancestor Mya million years Myb MYB Proto-Oncogene, Transcription Factor NLS nuclear localization signal p300 histone acetyltransferase p300 PCR polymerase chain reaction 9 qPCR quantitative polymerase chain reaction RNA ribonucleic acid Sox9 transcription factor SOX-9 UTR untranslated region 10 INTRODUCTION Cold-driven evolution of the Antarctic notothenioid lineage began roughly 46 Mya [2] concurrent with the emergence of the Drake Passage (55-41 Ma) [3] and the initial formation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current [4]. The development of antifreeze glycoproteins [5, 6] permitted colonization and persistence in the Southern Ocean [7] and set the stage for further diversification during successive cooling periods and accompanying geological events. The radiation of the high latitude Antarctic notothenioids (Cryonotothenioidea) occurred during a period of diversification driven by intensified cooling of the Southern Ocean during the Middle Miocene Climate Transition (MMCT) [7, 8], with species diversification beginning ~14 Mya and accelerating ~11 Mya during the Late Miocene [7, 9-11]. Cooling during the MMCT led to contemporary Antarctic conditions (-2℃ to + 2℃) and resulted in the scouring of continental shelves by ice [12, 13]. This opened ecological niches for potential colonization by removing more temperate adapted competitors [14] and leading to rapid morphological and ecological diversification [15]. Current day Antarctic notothenioids comprise 77% of Antarctic teleost diversity and constitute a marine species flock [16] derived via adaptive radiation [17-19]. High levels of morphological diversity and intense speciation make Antarctic notothenioids a useful evolutionary model for studying cold adaptation. Antarctic notothenioids possess a number of remarkable changes to erythropoiesis and the oxygen-transport system at large that resulted in the evolution of the only known vertebrate clade devoid of erythrocytes—the family Channichthyidae, characterized by a “white-blooded” phenotype [20]. It has been hypothesized that the high oxygen concentration in polar seawater could lead to potential relaxed selection on erythrocytes and other oxygen-binding pigments, as hypoxic stress becomes less of a relevant factor with oxygen in such high abundance [21]. 11 Evidence for such relaxed selection can be seen in changes to blood content: a study of “red- blooded” Antarctic species from McMurdo Sound showed decreased numbers of erythrocytes, lowered hematocrit, and lowered hemoglobin concentrations when compared with temperate fish [22]. General trends throughout the radiation show that the more derived
Load more

Recommended publications
  • New Zealand Fishes a Field Guide to Common Species Caught by Bottom, Midwater, and Surface Fishing Cover Photos: Top – Kingfish (Seriola Lalandi), Malcolm Francis
    New Zealand fishes A field guide to common species caught by bottom, midwater, and surface fishing Cover photos: Top – Kingfish (Seriola lalandi), Malcolm Francis. Top left – Snapper (Chrysophrys auratus), Malcolm Francis. Centre – Catch of hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae), Neil Bagley (NIWA). Bottom left – Jack mackerel (Trachurus sp.), Malcolm Francis. Bottom – Orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus), NIWA. New Zealand fishes A field guide to common species caught by bottom, midwater, and surface fishing New Zealand Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Report No: 208 Prepared for Fisheries New Zealand by P. J. McMillan M. P. Francis G. D. James L. J. Paul P. Marriott E. J. Mackay B. A. Wood D. W. Stevens L. H. Griggs S. J. Baird C. D. Roberts‡ A. L. Stewart‡ C. D. Struthers‡ J. E. Robbins NIWA, Private Bag 14901, Wellington 6241 ‡ Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO Box 467, Wellington, 6011Wellington ISSN 1176-9440 (print) ISSN 1179-6480 (online) ISBN 978-1-98-859425-5 (print) ISBN 978-1-98-859426-2 (online) 2019 Disclaimer While every effort was made to ensure the information in this publication is accurate, Fisheries New Zealand does not accept any responsibility or liability for error of fact, omission, interpretation or opinion that may be present, nor for the consequences of any decisions based on this information. Requests for further copies should be directed to: Publications Logistics Officer Ministry for Primary Industries PO Box 2526 WELLINGTON 6140 Email: [email protected] Telephone: 0800 00 83 33 Facsimile: 04-894 0300 This publication is also available on the Ministry for Primary Industries website at http://www.mpi.govt.nz/news-and-resources/publications/ A higher resolution (larger) PDF of this guide is also available by application to: [email protected] Citation: McMillan, P.J.; Francis, M.P.; James, G.D.; Paul, L.J.; Marriott, P.; Mackay, E.; Wood, B.A.; Stevens, D.W.; Griggs, L.H.; Baird, S.J.; Roberts, C.D.; Stewart, A.L.; Struthers, C.D.; Robbins, J.E.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Climate Change, Antifreeze, and the Evolutionary Diversification of Antarctic Fishes
    Ancient climate change, antifreeze, and the evolutionary diversification of Antarctic fishes Thomas J. Neara,b,1, Alex Dornburgb, Kristen L. Kuhnb, Joseph T. Eastmanc, Jillian N. Penningtonb,d, Tomaso Patarnelloe, Lorenzo Zanef, Daniel A. Fernándezg, and Christopher D. Jonesh aPeabody Museum of Natural History and bDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 cDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701; dEzra Stiles College, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 eDepartment of Public Health, Comparative Pathology and Veterinary Hygiene, Università di Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; fDepartment of Biology, Università di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy; gCentro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas, 9410 Ushuaia, Argentina; and hAntarctic Ecosystem Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service, La Jolla, CA 92037 Edited by David M. Hillis, University of Texas, Austin, TX, and approved January 25, 2012 (received for review September 15, 2011) The Southern Ocean around Antarctica is among the most rapidly they are more species-rich than their non-Antarctic sister line- warming regions on Earth, but has experienced episodic climate age (approximately 100 vs. one species) (9). Molecular di- change during the past 40 million years. It remains unclear how vergence time analyses have attempted to correlate the origin of ancient periods of climate change have shaped Antarctic bio- the AFGP-bearing Antarctic notothenioids with a period of diversity. The origin of antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) in Ant- global cooling and widespread glaciation of Antarctica that be- arctic notothenioid fishes has become a classic example of how the gan at the onset of the Eocene–Oligocene boundary (14, 15), evolution of a key innovation in response to climate change can approximately 35 Ma (16, 17), leading to the conclusion that the drive adaptive radiation.
    [Show full text]
  • Induction of Heat Shock Proteins in Cold- Adapted and Cold
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by ScholarWorks@UA INDUCTION OF HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS IN COLD- ADAPTED AND COLD- ACCLIMATED FISHES By Laura Elizabeth Teigen Dr. Kristin O'Brien Advisory Committee Chair Dr. Diane Wagner Chair, Department of Biology and Wildlife APPROVED: ;t.-/ INDUCTION OF HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS IN COLD- ADAPTED AND COLD- ACCLIMATED FISHES A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the University of Alaska Fairbanks in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE By Laura Elizabeth Teigen, B.A. Fairbanks, Alaska May 2014 v Abstract I examined the effects of oxidative stress and changes in temperature on heat shock protein (Hsp) levels in cold-adapted and cold-acclimated fishes. Adaptation of Antarctic notothenioids to cold temperature is correlated with high levels of Hsps, thought to minimize cold-induced protein denaturation. Hsp70 levels were measured in red- and white-blooded Antarctic notothenioid fishes exposed to their critical thermal maximum (CTMax), 4C warm acclimated, and notothenioids from different latitudes. I determined the effect of cold acclimation on Hsp levels and the role of sirtuins in regulating Hsp expression and changes in metabolism in threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, cold-acclimated to 8C. Levels of Hsps do not increase in Antarctic notothenioids exposed to their CTMax, and warm acclimation reduced levels of Hsp70. Hsp70 levels were higher in Antarctic notothenioids compared to a temperate notothenioid and higher in white-blooded notothenioids compared to red-blooded notothenioids, despite higher oxidative stress levels in red-blooded fish, suggesting Hsp70 does not mitigate oxidative stress.
    [Show full text]
  • Mitochondrial Phylogeny of Trematomid Fishes (Nototheniidae, Perciformes) and the Evolution of Antarctic Fish
    MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION Vol. 5, No. 2, April, pp. 383±390, 1996 ARTICLE NO. 0033 Mitochondrial Phylogeny of Trematomid Fishes (Nototheniidae, Perciformes) and the Evolution of Antarctic Fish PETER A. RITCHIE,²,*,1,2 LUCA BARGELLONI,*,³ AXEL MEYER,*,§ JOHN A. TAYLOR,² JOHN A. MACDONALD,² AND DAVID M. LAMBERT²,2 ²School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; *Department of Ecology and Evolution and §Program in Genetics, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5245; and ³Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita di Padova, Via Trieste 75, 35121 Padua, Italy Received November 22, 1994; revised June 2, 1995 there is evidence that this may have occurred about The subfamily of ®shes Trematominae is endemic to 12±14 million years ago (MYA) (Eastman, 1993; the subzero waters of Antarctica and is part of the Bargelloni et al., 1994). larger notothenioid radiation. Partial mitochondrial There may have been a suite of factors which allowed sequences from the 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) the notothenioids, in particular, to evolve to such domi- genes and a phylogeny for 10 trematomid species are nance in the Southern Oceans. Several authors have presented. As has been previously suggested, two taxa, suggested that speciation within the group could have Trematomus scotti and T. newnesi, do not appear to be been the result of large-scale disruptions in the Antarc- part of the main trematomid radiation. The genus Pa- tic ecosystem during the Miocene (Clarke, 1983). The gothenia is nested within the genus Trematomus and isostatic pressure from the accumulation of ice during has evolved a unique cyropelagic existence, an associ- the early Miocene (25±15 MYA) left the continental ation with pack ice.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hemoglobins of Sub-Antarctic Fishes of the Suborder Notothenioidei
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Polar Science 4 (2010) 295e308 http://ees.elsevier.com/polar/ The hemoglobins of sub-Antarctic fishes of the suborder Notothenioidei Daniela Coppola a, Daniela Giordano a, Alessandro Vergara b, Lelio Mazzarella b, Guido di Prisco a, Cinzia Verde a, Roberta Russo a,* a Institute of Protein Biochemistry, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, I-80131 Naples, Italy b Department of Chemistry, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy Received 16 December 2009; revised 19 April 2010; accepted 19 April 2010 Available online 12 May 2010 Abstract Fishes of the perciform suborder Notothenioidei provide an excellent opportunity for studying the evolution and functional importance of evolutionary adaptations to temperature. To understand the unique biochemical features of high-Antarctic noto- thenioids, it is important to improve our knowledge of these highly cold-adapted stenotherms with new information on their sub- Antarctic relatives. This paper focuses on the oxygen-transport system of two non-Antarctic species, Eleginops maclovinus and Bovichtus diac- anthus. Unlike most Antarctic notothenioids, the blood of E. maclovinus and B. diacanthus displays high hemoglobin (Hb) multiplicity. E. maclovinus, the sister group of Antarctic notothenioids, has one cathodal (Hb C) and two anodal components (Hb 1, Hb 2). B. diacanthus, one of the most northern notothenioids, has three major Hbs. The multiple Hbs may have been maintained as a response to temperature differences and fluctuations of temperate waters, much larger than in the Antarctic.
    [Show full text]
  • Notothenioid Fishes
    Proposal for the construction of BAC libraries for Antarctic notothenioid fishes H. William Detrich1 and Chris T. Amemiya2 1Dept. of Biology, 414 Mugar Hall, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 ([email protected]) 2Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101 ([email protected]) Unplanned natural experiments create ecological communities that we would never have dreamed of creating…. (Diamond, 2001) 1. The importance of notothenioid fishes to biomedical or biological research Polar biology stands on the threshold of a revolution: the application of genome science to investigate the evolution, biodiversity, physiology, and biochemistry of the exotic organisms and communities of polar ecosystems (NRC, 2003). The rapid onset of extremely cold (−1.86o C, the freezing point of seawater), thermally stable, and oxygen-rich conditions in the isolated Antarctic marine ecosystem over the past 15 million years has certainly driven the evolution of its biota. Among polar organisms, the phylogenetic history of the teleostean suborder Notothenioidei, which is largely endemic to the Antarctic, is the most completely understood (Ritchie et al., 1996; Chen et al., 1998; Eastman, 2000; Eastman & McCune, 2000). The notothenioid radiation (Fig. 1) has produced different life history or ecological types similar in magnitude to those displayed by taxonomically unrelated shelf fishes elsewhere in the world. On the basis of habitat dominance and ecological diversification, notothenioids are one of the Figure 1. Relationships of the suborder Notothenioidei. The few examples of a “species flock” of marine notothenioids are thought to comprise six families whose relationships are given in the tree. The numbers in parentheses indicate number of fishes (Eastman, 2000; Eastman & McCune, taxa in the Southern Ocean.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded Tri-Axial Acceleration Data and GPS Files, Analyses
    Masello et al. Movement Ecology (2021) 9:24 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-021-00255-9 RESEARCH Open Access How animals distribute themselves in space: energy landscapes of Antarctic avian predators Juan F. Masello1* , Andres Barbosa2, Akiko Kato3, Thomas Mattern1,4, Renata Medeiros5,6, Jennifer E. Stockdale5, Marc N. Kümmel7, Paco Bustamante8,9, Josabel Belliure10, Jesús Benzal11, Roger Colominas-Ciuró2, Javier Menéndez-Blázquez2, Sven Griep7, Alexander Goesmann7, William O. C. Symondson5 and Petra Quillfeldt1 Abstract Background: Energy landscapes provide an approach to the mechanistic basis of spatial ecology and decision- making in animals. This is based on the quantification of the variation in the energy costs of movements through a given environment, as well as how these costs vary in time and for different animal populations. Organisms as diverse as fish, mammals, and birds will move in areas of the energy landscape that result in minimised costs and maximised energy gain. Recently, energy landscapes have been used to link energy gain and variable energy costs of foraging to breeding success, revealing their potential use for understanding demographic changes. Methods: Using GPS-temperature-depth and tri-axial accelerometer loggers, stable isotope and molecular analyses of the diet, and leucocyte counts, we studied the response of gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) and chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarcticus) penguins to different energy landscapes and resources. We compared species and gentoo penguin populations with contrasting population trends. Results: Between populations, gentoo penguins from Livingston Island (Antarctica), a site with positive population trends, foraged in energy landscape sectors that implied lower foraging costs per energy gained compared with those around New Island (Falkland/Malvinas Islands; sub-Antarctic), a breeding site with fluctuating energy costs of foraging, breeding success and populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Feeding Ecology of Three Inshore Fish Species at Marion Island (Southern Ocean)
    Feeding ecology of three inshore fish species at Marion Island (Southern Ocean) w.o. Blankley School of Environmental Studies, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch The diets, morphological features and habitats of 258 Three species of fish occur in the shallow inshore waters specimens of the three inshore fish species Notothenia of Marion Island. Notothenia macrocephala Gunther 1860 coriiceps, N. macrocephala and Harpagifer georgianus from and a subspecies of N. coriiceps Richardson 1844 are Marion Island are described and compared. Correspondence analysis of the three diets shows the existence of three Antarctic cods of the family Nototheniidae. The third clearly defined feeding niches despite the occurrence of species, Harpagijer georgianus subsp. georgian us Nybelin some common prey species. Inter- and intraspecific 1947, which was previously described as Harpagijer similarities and differences in the diets of small and large bispinis subsp. marionensis, is a member of the plunder­ size classes of each species are also displayed by fish family Harpagiferidae. correspondence analysis. Size-limited predation by N. coriiceps of the limpet Nacel/a delesserti is described. While there are many studies on Antarctic fish Differences in the habitats occupied by the fish appear to be (Holloway 1969; Everson 1970; Meier 1971; Permitin & important in determining the species composition of their Tarverdieva 1972; Richardson 1975; Targett 1981), few diets. detailed reports on the feeding of sub-Antarctic fish exist S. Afr. J. Zool. 1982, 17: 164 - 170 except that of Hureau (1966) who examined the diet of . ) 0 Notothenia macrocephala and two other species of Die diete, morfologiese kenmerke en habitat van 258 1 0 eksemplare van die drie vis-spesies, Notothenia coriiceps, N.
    [Show full text]
  • Grazing by the Antarctic Fish Notothenia Coriiceps
    Antarctic Science 9 (4): 386491 (1997) Grazing by the Antarctic fish Notofhenia coriiceps: evidence for selective feeding on macroalgae K. IKEN', E.R. BARRERA-OR02, M.L. QUARTIN02, R.J. CASAUX2 and T. BREY1 'Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Postjach 120 161, Columbusstrafie,0-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany 21nstitutoAntlfrtico Argentino, Cerrito 1248, (1010) Buenos Aires, Argentina Abstract: In Potter Cove, King George Island, Antarctica, macroalgae provide a significant food resource for herbivores. The demersal fish Notothenia coriiceps feeds on macroalgae. Eighteen algal species were identified in stomach contents: two chlorophytes, ten rhodophytes and six phaeophytes. Among these the rhodophyte Palmaria decipiens, the phaeophyte Desmarestia menziesii and the chlorophyte Monostroma hariotii comprised the greatest proportions of algal biomass. A food selection study showed four algae to be preferred (P. decipiens, M. hariotii, D. menziesii, Iridaea cordata) and two species to be avoided (Desmarestia anceps and Himantothallus grandifolius) by N. coriiceps. The present investigation indicates that this fish feeds not only intentionally, but also selectively, on macroalgae. Preference for particular algal species is not related to associated epifaunal biomass or to associated amphipod biomass. Received 24 October 1996, accepted 9 June 1997 Key words: Antarctic fish, feeding ecology, food selection, macroalgae, Notothenia coriiceps Introduction density (Moreno & Zamorano 1980, Zukowski 1980, Casaux The coastal waters along the west side of the Antarctic et al. 1990). Peninsula and nearby islands are characterized by a rich and Macroalgae constitute a significant part of the diet of dense macroalgal flora composed of annual and perennial N. coriiceps from the South Shetland and the South Orkney species (Skottsberg 1941, Neushul 1965, Moe & DeLaca regions (Richardson 1975, Moreno & Zamorano 1980, 1976, Richardson 1979, Zielinski 1981, Etcheverry 1983, Linkowski et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Life History Strategies of Fishes, However Most Have Focused on Growth, Mortality and Reproduction, and Rarely Included Trophic Ecology
    Christian-Albrecht Universität zu Kiel Leibniz Institut für Meereswissenschaften Habilitationsschrift Life-History Strategies of Recent Fishes: a Meta-Analysis vorgelegt von Dr. Rainer Froese Kiel, November 2005 1 Table of Content Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 6 Material and Methods............................................................................................................... 11 Results and Discussion............................................................................................................. 13 Key Components of Life-history Strategies......................................................................... 13 Phylogeny......................................................................................................................... 13 Size................................................................................................................................... 14 Trophic Level ................................................................................................................... 16 Productivity ...................................................................................................................... 17 Relationships between Size, Trophic Level and Productivity.............................................. 22 Available
    [Show full text]
  • ART G Muñoz-RBMO
    Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía Vol. 53, N°2: 209-221, 2018 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22370/rbmo.2018.53.2.1294 ARTICLE Parasite community of a temporal notothen fish from intertidal rocky pools in south-central Chile: Is it similar to other fish from the same habitat? Comunidad de parásitos de un pez nototénido temporal del intermareal rocoso del centro-sur de Chile: ¿es similar a la de otros peces del mismo hábitat? Gabriela Muñoz1*, Francisco Vildoso1 and Mario George-Nascimento2 1Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avenida Borgoño 16344, Viña del Mar, Chile. *[email protected] 2Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Alonso de Ribera 2850, Concepción, Chile Resumen.- Los peces nototénidos (Nototheniidae) han sido registrados en las costas de Sudamérica, desde los 35°S hasta el extremo austral. Poco se sabe de su biología y de relaciones interespecíficas, incluyendo sus parásitos. En este estudio se analizó la parasitofauna de una especie de Notothenia juvenil, recolectada del intermareal rocoso de Lebu, centro-sur de Chile (36°S), y se comparó con las comunidades de parásitos de otras 9 especies de peces del mismo hábitat. Notothenia sp. mostró la mayor diversidad de parásitos en comparación a otras especies de peces (21 vs 1-9 taxa parasitarios). La composición parasitaria fue diferente entre las especies de peces analizadas, de 0 a 33% de similitud. Notothenia sp. presentó la mayor semejanza solo con Calliclinus geniguttatus (27%). Los parásitos con mayor abundancia y prevalencia en Notothenia sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Near2009chap45.Pdf
    Notothenioid fi shes (Notothenioidei) Thomas J. Near and A lled vacant niches aJ er the onset of polar condi- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology & Peabody tions ~35 Ma (2). 7 e fossil A shes preserved in the Eocene Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, La Meseta Formation on Seymour Island at the tip of the USA ([email protected]) Antarctic Peninsula indicate that before the development of polar conditions the nearshore A sh fauna of Antarctica Abstract was diverse, cosmopolitan, and not dominated by noto- thenioids (5). 7 e only documented notothenioid fossil Notothenioids are a clade of acanthomorph teleosts that is a well-preserved neurocranium of the extinct species represent a rare example of adaptive radiation among mar- Proeleginops grandeastmanorum from the La Meseta ine fi shes. The notothenioid Antarctic Clade is character- Formation that is dated to ~40 Ma (6–10). ized by extensive morphological and ecological variation Ecologically, Antarctic notothenioids have diversiA ed and adaptations to avoid freezing in the ice-laden water of into both benthic and water column habitats (2). Several Southern Ocean marine habitats. A recent analysis of noto- lineages are able to utilize water column habitats des- thenioid divergence times indicates that the clade dates to pite lacking a swim bladder by modiA cation of buoyancy the Cretaceous (125 million years ago, Ma), but the Antarctic through the reduction of ossiA cation and the evolution of Clade diversifi ed near the Oligocene–Miocene boundary intra- and intermuscular lipid deposits (11, 12). A notable (23 Ma). These age estimates are consistent with paleogeo- group of notothenioid species is the Channichthyidae, graphic events in the Southern Ocean that drove climate or iceA shes (Fig.
    [Show full text]