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The Crab Spider Subgenus Ebo (Ebo)

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The Crab Spider Subgenus Ebo (Ebo) THE CRAB SHDER SUBGENUS 580 {E80} IN THE UNiTED STATES AND CANADA ‘E‘Aesis for the Degree of A1. 3. MECHEGAN STATE UNEVERSETY NORMAA ERA ALATNECK 1970 .441... ‘4.“ All 1 M; , LIBRAR :2" W V'H '{S‘s Michigan State University w 'w ABSTRACT THE CRAB SPIDER SUBGENUS §1_3_9_ (£139) IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA By Norman Ira Platnick Species of the crab spider subgenus E22 (Ebo) are delimited on the basis of the structure of the external genitalia and accessory reproductive organs: the pedipalps of the male and the epigynum and spermathecae of the female. Coloration patterns also provide excellent diagnostic characters. A generic description and diagnosis, as well as discussions of the relationships between Ebo (Ebo) and Ebo (Titanebo) and between Ebo and the other North American crab spider genera are provided. A key to species, species descriptions, illustrations of genitalic structures, and maps are given to facilitate identification. Redescriptions are provided for Ebo (Ebo) latithorax Keyserling, Ebo (Ebo) pepinensis Gertsch,and the male of Ebo (Ebo) merkeli Schick. Four new species and the female of Ebo (Ebo) merkeli Schick are described for the first time. Type specimens of the new species have been deposited in the American Museum of Natural History, New York City. THE CRAB SPIDER SUBGENUS EBO (EBO) IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA By Norman Ira Platnick A THESIS Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Zoology 1970 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the following persons and institutions for the contributions they made to the work: the Department of Zoology at Michigan State University for providing travel funds for an examination of type specimens; and Drs. H. W. Levi and J. A. L. Cooke, of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University and the American Museum of Natural History, New York City, respectively, for the hospitality afforded me while at those institutions. The Museum of Comparative Zoology (Dr. H. W. Levi), the American Museum of Natural History (Drs. J. A. L. Cooke, W. J. Gertsch, and the late Wilton Ivie), the University of Utah (Dr. T. F. Lorenz), Dr. J. A. Beatty, P. R. Craig, Dr. C. D. Dondale, Dr. W. D. Fronk, Dr. W. B. Peck, Dr. V. D. Roth, Dr. R. X. Schick, and Dr. B. R. Vogel either loaned or donated specimens; their assistance is greatfully acknowledged. Finally, I would like to thank the members of my committee -- Dr. T. W. Porter, Dr. M. M. Hensley, Dr. R. L. Fischer, and especially Dr. R. J. Sauer, without whose help this project would have neither been begun or finished. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . METHODS . SYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS KEY TO SPECIES . SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS . Ebo (Ebo) latithorax Keyserling . Ebo (Ebo) iviei new species . Ebo (Ebo) evansae new species . 10 Ebo (Ebo) merkeli Schick . 12 Ebo (Ebo) contrastus new species . 14 Ebo (Ebo) pepinensis Gertsch . 15 Ebo (Ebo) punctatus new Species . l7 SUMMARY . 18 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 19 iii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Species View Page Male Palps 1. Ebo (Ebo) latithorax ventral 20-21 2. Ebo (Ebo) latithorax retrolateral 20-21 3. Ebo (Ebo) iviei ventral 20-21 4. Ebo (Ebo) iviei retrolateral 20-21 5. Ebo (Ebo) evansae ventral 20-21 6. Ebo (Ebo) evansae retrolateral 20-21 7. Ebo (Ebo) merkeli ventral 20-21 8. Ebo (Ebo) merkeli retrolateral 20-21 9. Ebo (Ebo) contrastus ventral 20-21 10. Ebo (Ebo) contrastus retrolateral 20-21 11. Ebo (Ebo) pepinensis ventral 20-21 l2. Ebo (Ebo) pepinensis retrolateral 20-21 13. Ebo (Ebo) punctatus ventral 20-21 14. Ebo (Ebo) punctatus retrolateral 20-21 Female Spermathecae 15. Ebo (EbO) latithorax dorsal 20-21 16. Ebo (EbO) iviei dorsal 20-21 17. Ebo (EbO) evansae dorsal 20-21 18. Ebo (EbO) merkeli dorsal 20-21 iv Figure Species View Page Female Spermathecae, cont. 19. Ebo (Ebo) pepinensis dorsal 20-21 20. Ebo (Ebo) punctatus dorsal 20-21 Distribution Maps 21. Ebo (Ebo) latithorax 22-23 22. Ebo (Ebo) iviei 24-25 Ebo (Ebo) contrastus 23. Ebo (Ebo) evansae 26-27 24. Ebo (Ebo) merkeli 28-29 25. Ebo (Ebo) pepinensis 30-31 Ebo (Ebo) punctatus INTRODUCTION The purpose of this paper is to facilitate identification of spiders in the subgenus Ebg_(§bg) in the United States and Canada. To this end, keys, descriptions and illustrations have been provided, and descriptions have been limited to those aspects of morphology important in species delimitation. METHODS The criteria for species delimitation include the genitalia and accessory reproductive organs, particularly of the male; the majority of specimens can also be distinguished by characteristics of coloration. Quantitative data on the body length, length and width of the cephalothorax, and length of the second femur are included. All measurements were made from a dorsal view with a standard ocular micrometer; structures were measured from one tip of sclerotization to the other. An attempt was made to measure twenty-five individuals of each sex for each species. If fewer than ten specimens were measured, only the range is given; if more, the mean and standard deviation. Since there have never been any nomenclatural difficulties with the species described here, literature citations are restricted to the original descriptions and later papers clarifying the subgeneric position of species; more complete literature references can be obtained from Bonnet (1945-1961), Roewer (1942-1954), and Vogel (1967). No literature records were used in the construction of the distribution maps or the locality citations unless they could be authenticated by a specimen. Types of the new species have been deposited in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History, New York City. Common anatomical terms used in the descriptions may be defined by reference to Kaston (1948) and Schick (1965). SYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS Ebo Keyserling, 1884 Ebo Keyserling, 1884, Verhandl. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. 33: 678. Type species by monotypy Ebo latithorax Keyserling, 1884. Titanebo Gertsch, 1933, Amer. Mus. Novitates 636: 10-11. Type species by original designation Titanebo macyi Gertsch, 1933. Synonymy by Schick, 1965, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 129: 73. Cephalothorax: wider than long, flattened, narrowed anteriorly to approximately one-third its width; carapace orange-brown with lighter ocular and median areas and lateral dark markings or pale yellow with scattered dark circular spots or pale yellow without markings. Eyes: median ocular area slightly broader than long, wider posteriorly; anterior medians largest, others subequal in size; both rows slightly recurved; medians of both rows closer to laterals than to each other. Abdomen: rounded or elongate, widest behind middle; pale yellow, typically with dark cardiac mark anteriorly at middorsal line and lateral dark stripes posteriorly, but often covered with irregular markings, with scattered dark circular spots, or without markings; venter pale yellow. Legs: I, III, and IV subequal in length, leg II approximately twice as long; light orange-brown, sometimes with one or more dark stripes on legs I, III, and IV, or with irregular dark fleckings. GENITALIA: tibia of male palpus longer than wide, bearing one prolateral spine, a retrolateral apophysis (typically finely serrate or with two or more distinguishable teeth), and in Ebo (Titanebo) a cusplike ventral apophysis; embolus flattened, basally arched, arising prolaterally, of variable length; outline of reservoir of receptaculum seminis visible through tegulum; epigynum unsclerotized with an indistinct medial atrium and bilateral rounded plates, openings in epigastric furrow; spermathecae slender to broad, smooth, usually close together, each with intromittent duct in Ebo (EBB) or elaborated intromittent division in Ebo (Titanebo), and, in Ebo (Ebo), a minute unsclerotized fertilization tube connecting spermathecae and ducts. DIAGNOSIS: Egg can be separated from all other Nearctic Thomisidae by the subequal length of legs I, III, and IV and the exceptionally long second pair of legs. RELATIONSHIPS: Egg can be distinguished from the misumenoid genera by the similar lengths of legs I, III, and IV, and from the Thanatini (Apollophanes, Thanatus, Tibellus, and related genera) by the posterior eye row being only slightly recurved. Philodromus and Rhysodromus are the genera which are most closely related to Ebo. In addition to the leg length differences, Ebo can be separated from Philodromus by the posterior median eyes being closer to the posterior laterals than to the anterior laterals, or these eyes being equidistant, and from most Philodromus and Rhysodromus by the anterior median eyes being larger than the anterior laterals. SUBGENERA: Two subgenera of Ebo have been recognized. The species in Ebo (Titanebo) are larger (males averaging approximately 4.0 mm, females 4.5 mm, in length) and have a clypeus which is higher than the distance between the anterior median eyes, dense scopulae on the tarsi, prolateral spines on tibiae and metatarsi I and II, and a ventral tibial apophysis on the male palpus. The species in gbg_(§bg) are smaller (males averaging approximately 2.2 mm, females 2.8 mm, in length), have a clypeus which is lower than the distance between the anterior median eyes, and lack dense scopulae on the tarsi, prolateral spines on tibiae and metatarsi I and II, and a ventral tibial apophysis on the male palpus. KEY TO SPECIES1 l. Metatarsi I, III, and IV with at least one dark stripe the entire length of the segment . 2 l'. Metatarsi I, III, and IV without a dark stripe the entire length of the segment . 9 2. Males . 3 2 ' 0 Females O O O O O O I O O O O O O O O O O I O O O O O O O O I O 6 1 Females of g, contrastus are unknown. Spermathecae are highly variable; when identifying females, priority should be given to characteristics of coloration.
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