DOCSLIB.ORG

General News

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
General News News 99N General News RHD after One Year in New The Foundation for Research, Science and 40 days. Carcasses were found over the Zealand Technology, the Ministry of Agriculture whole baited area soon after the baiting. and Forests, and regional governments At the natural epidemic site, the daily initiated a research programme in death rate peaked at day 20 and new Last year BNI [18, 100N-101N] reported August 1997. The programme is led by carcasses were still being found up to 80 on the illegal introduction of the rabbit Landcare Research working on the field days after the first death was recorded. calicivirus disease RCD (now reverted epidemiology of RHD, but includes a to its original name of Rabbit Haemor- consortium of other research agencies rhagic Disease or RHD) into New Zea- Sera from shot rabbits were tested for (AgResearch, the Rural Futures Trust, land. Readers will recall that in July antibodies to RHD using a competitive and Massey, Auckland and Lincoln uni- 1 1997 the Ministry of Agriculture had ELISA test developed in Italy . We used versities) investigating virology, vector a 1:40 dilution and assumed ‘inhibition’ declined an application to import the behaviour, predation effects, epidemi- virus as a biological control for rabbits, levels above 50% indicated immunity to ology and modelling. Some results of RHD. No rabbits (out of 60) were largely because of the lack of certainty Landcare Research’s work to date are immune on the natural site before the about its benefits and risks. The virus described here. epidemic, but this increased to 31% (n = was imported by persons unknown, 62) immediately after the epidemic. probably before the Ministry decision Status of RHD in New Zealand Eight per cent of rabbits (n = 60) were had been made, and released and immune on the biocide site before the spread by farmers in late August 1997 The disease has been spread, by people epidemic (presumably because the using a variety of bait concoctions. This and naturally, over most of the country farmer did some spot baiting before blatant breach of New Zealand’s border with variable effects on the rabbits. mass biociding) and this increased to biosecurity system caused considerable Mortality rates, where measured, have 43% (n = 60) immediately after. There anger in government agencies and varied from zero to 94% with reduc- were no differences in the levels of among many members of the public, tions of around 60-70% being common. immunity between these two sites, but exacerbated by the cavalier attitudes of Generally, natural epidemics have been more consistently successful than the other studies have shown higher levels some farmers. However, I am happy to various attempts at using RHD on baits. of immunity after biociding than after report that the initial stand-off between Largely to avoid the haphazard use of natural epidemics. The proportion of farmers and government reported in concoctions of virus obtained from antibody-positive rabbits among the the earlier article has been ameliorated dead rabbits in the field, a known lethal cohort that was alive before the spring somewhat by their common need to strain of the virus is now commercially 1997 epidemics has since declined on find out how the disease has worked. available to farmers in New Zealand. both sites, although the levels of anti- Everyone wanted to know whether bodies in those that were positive RHD, rabbits, and conventional control Field Epidemiology of RHD remained high. One explanation for this could be managed, or at least the out- might be that rabbits that survive infec- comes of the disease predicted, so that We compared the behaviour of RHD at tion have higher mortality rates than two sites in Central Otago, one where benefits could be maximized and risks rabbits that were never infected, i.e. the RHD was released by mass aerial minimized. disease is not without cost even if the baiting (biociding), and the other where animal lives. Challenge trials indicate it arrived naturally. Indices of rabbit New Zealand has major exotic verte- that loss of antibodies does not neces- abundance declined by 67% (from 68 brate pest problems and invests about sarily mean loss of immunity to further and 35 rabbits per spotlight kilometre, NZ$100 million a year on their control challenge. and on research. However, most of the respectively) on both sites during the spring 1997 epidemic. Rabbit abun- impacts of these pests remain unre- dance remained static for the next three Fresh rabbit carcasses appeared in a solved and biological control offers the months and then declined at a rate down-wind direction on both sites, at a only sustainable widespread solution greater than expected for that time of rate of about 100 m/day. A number of for many of these problem animals. The year to a low of ten and three rabbits per fly species were carrying RHD virus, use of RHD is the first modern attempt spotlight kilometre, respectively, in and preliminary work by AgResearch in New Zealand at biological control of June 1998. Numbers have begun to showed some rabbits became infected a vertebrate pest, and it would be a 2 increase again with the start of a new and died when exposed to flies . Scav- great pity if the unfortunate way it was breeding season, and reached 16 and engers presumably play a role in dis- introduced blighted future considera- five per kilometre in August 1998. seminating virus by opening carcasses tion of other biocontrol agents. This, and exposing infected tissues to flies. and the need to understand how it has At the biocided site, the daily death rate More fresh rabbit carcasses were scav- worked, has overridden some of the (indicated by the presence of fresh enged during the natural epidemic anger at its origin and brought many of rabbit carcasses along fixed transects) (41%, n = 157) than during the biocide the stakeholders together in a common peaked three days after the biociding, (18%, n = 127). Predicting the timing cause. and few new carcasses were found after and intensity of epidemics will partly Are we on your mailing list? BiocontrolNews and Information is always pleased to receive news of research, conferences, new products or patents, changes in personnel, collaborative agreements or any other information of interest to other readers. If your organization sends out press releases or newsletters, please let us have a copy. In addition, the editors welcome proposals for review topics. 100N BiocontrolNews and Information 1998 Vol. 19 No. 4 depend on understanding the role of whether the factor is similar to the sodium monofluoroacetate (Com- vectors. European non-pathogenic virus, and (c) pound 1080)7. This compared with only whether it imparts any immunity to 23% ± 4% egg loss (averaged from 12 A unique symptom among seropositive rabbits challenged with RHD virus. sites) during subsequent breeding sea- survivors, observed only in New Zea- sons when no rabbit control was con- land, is that a small proportion have lost In March 1998, we captured 64 rabbits ducted. Preliminary data from the their ears. from areas of New Zealand where RHD breeding season during the 1997 RHD had not been reported. Serum from epidemic indicated that 56% ± 10% Antibody Status of Other Species each was taken at capture, and one and (averaged from four sites) of eggs were six months after challenge with RHD. Feral cats, ferrets, harrier hawks, and to lost to predators where rabbit abun- Each sample was tested at four dilu- dance was originally high (up to 50 rab- a lesser extent hedgehogs, use rabbits as tions (1:10, 1:40, 1:160 and 1:640) using a food source either by scavenging or bits per spotlight kilometre) and both the competition ELISA specific for population declines were pronounced predation. By eating rabbits that have RHD and a less-specific indirect ‘sand- died of, or are infected with, RHD they (up to 90%). This is a similar predation wich’ ELISA used by the Applicant rate to that reported after rabbit poi- may produce antibodies in response to Group to measure the presence of any the virus, as occurs in foxes3. Our objec- soning. The longer-term implications caliciviruses. All rabbits were orally for dotterel populations, and for other tive was to determine whether any dosed after the first sample of serum predators, scavengers, or hares pro- native prey, are unknown. Continued was taken and the survivors again after monitoring during subsequent breeding duced an antibody response when six months. Each dose was 50 LD s of exposed to rabbits with RHD. 50 seasons will quantify the longer-term the Czech-strain of RHD virus, obtained effects of RHD on these native bird pop- We collected serum samples from pred- from the Elizabeth MacArthur Institute ulations. ators and scavengers, from an area of in Victoria. 1 mass biociding and from spot-baited Capucci, L.; Frigoli, G.; Rønsholt, L.; We found that: 14 rabbits survived chal- Lavazza, A.; Brocchi, E.; Rossi, C. (1995) areas, during February and May 1998. lenge including one that was seroposi- The samples were tested for RHD anti- Antigenicity of the rabbit hemorrhagic tive before the first challenge and one disease virus studied by its reactivity bodies using the competitive ELISA test that did not sero-convert at the first at 1:40 dilution. We found that: 53% (n = with monoclonal antibodies. Virus challenge but died at the second chal- Research 37, 221-238. 51) of cats, 10% (n = 51) of ferrets, 11% (n lenge; all but one of the survivors were = 18) of hawks and 3% (n = 30) of hedge- positive to ‘factor x’, the negative sur- 2 Barratt, B.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Evolutionary Significance of Body Size in Burying Beetles
    Brigham Young University Masthead Logo BYU ScholarsArchive All Theses and Dissertations 2018-04-01 The volutE ionary Significance of Body Size in Burying Beetles Ashlee Nichole Momcilovich Brigham Young University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Momcilovich, Ashlee Nichole, "The vE olutionary Significance of Body Size in Burying Beetles" (2018). All Theses and Dissertations. 7327. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7327 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. The Evolutionary Significance of Body Size in Burying Beetles Ashlee Nichole Momcilovich A dissertation submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Mark C. Belk, Chair Seth M. Bybee Jerald B. Johnson Steven L. Peck G. Bruce Schaalje Department of Biology Brigham Young University Copyright © 2018 Ashlee Nichole Momcilovich All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT The Evolutionary Significance of Body Size in Burying Beetles Ashlee Nichole Momcilovich Department of Biology, BYU Doctor of Philosophy Body size is one of the most commonly studied traits of an organism, which is largely due to its direct correlation with fitness, life history strategy, and physiology of the organism. Patterns of body size distribution are also often studied. The distribution of body size within species is looked at for suggestions of differential mating strategies or niche variation among ontogenetic development. Patterns are also examined among species to determine the effects of competition, environmental factors, and phylogenetic inertia.
    [Show full text]
  • Exotic Species and People in the Galápagos Islands: a Community Ecology Approach and a Social Perception Analysis of an Invasive Plant
    EXOTIC SPECIES AND PEOPLE IN THE GALÁPAGOS ISLANDS: A COMMUNITY ECOLOGY APPROACH AND A SOCIAL PERCEPTION ANALYSIS OF AN INVASIVE PLANT FRANCISCO LIBERATO VILLAZÓN OROZCO Trabajo de Grado para optar por el título de Ecólogo Ángela R. Amarillo Suárez, PhD Directora del Trabajo de Grado PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD JAVERIANA FACULTAD DE ESTUDIOS AMBIENTALES Y RURALES CARRERA DE ECOLOGÌA BOGOTÁ, D.C. 2019 Agradecimientos A mi padre, a mi madre y a mis hermanos, por el apoyo y el amor incondicional a lo largo de toda mi vida y para Daniela, por tu amor, apoyo y ayuda en todo este proceso. A mi profesora y mentora Ángela Amarillo, quien me ha guiado en mi carrera como ecólogo desde el inicio. Es una persona a la cual yo admiro profundamente, que respeta y ama la naturaleza. Me ha enseñado tantas cosas que no tengo palabras para agradecerle realmente, ha sido como una madre para mí y me siento muy orgulloso y afortunado de ser uno de sus estudiantes. A Mariana, una gran amiga a quien quiero mucho, con quien compartí toda la experiencia de campo en Galápagos y que por más que quisiera pelear conmigo algunos días nunca lo logró. Me ayudó leyendo y haciendo comentarios del presente trabajo además del apoyo que me ha dado desde que me uní al semillero de GEEA-Entomoceno en el 2016. A Sergio, Sebastián, Juan Camilo, Jerónimos, Juan Manuel, Juan Sebastián y a Roberto por ser mis grandes amigos de la vida y ayudarme a escapar de momentos de estrés y desesperación. Agradezco a Andrea Rodríguez por su apoyo en la identificación de parasitoides y sus valiosas enseñanzas durante todo el proceso.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Age on Reproductive Attributes of an Aphidophagous Ladybird, Cheilomenes Sexmaculata
    Insect Science (2006) 13, 301J308 Effect of age in Cheilomenes sexmaculata 301 Effect of age on reproductive attributes of an aphidophagous ladybird, Cheilomenes sexmaculata OMKAR, SATYENDRA K. SINGH and KALPANA SINGH Ladybird Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India Abstract The effect of both male and female age was investigated on certain reproductive attributes, viz. mating incidence, mating duration, fecundity, percent egg viability, ratio of reproductive and non-reproductive periods and reproductive rate, of an aphidophagous ladybird, Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius). Females started mating at the age of 8 hours post-emergence (PE) and males at the age of 2 days PE. Mating in the laboratory was a male- dominated phenomenon. The mating duration and reproductive rate of 10-day-old females when mated with males of varying ages increased up to the male age of 60 days, and thereafter decreased, whereas, fecundity, egg viability and ratio of reproductive and non-reproductive periods increased up to the male age of 50 days, and thereafter declined. However, when females of varying ages were mated with 10-day-old males, fecundity and reproductive rate increased up to 40 days of female age, respectively, then decreased. The ratio of reproductive and non-reproductive periods increased with increasing age of females. Mating age for optimal reproductive output was 10J50-day-old males and NE to 40-day-old females. Reproductive cessation in males was recorded after 50 days PE, whereas in females at the age of 40 days PE. Higher mating durations lead to elevated reproductive rates. Delay in the reproductive phase was positively correlated with longevity.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Training Workshop on Mass Production of Beneficial Insects and Nematodes
    Regional Training Workshop on Mass Production of Beneficial Insects and Nematodes 15 – 19 May 2017 Department of Agriculture, Thailand Plant Protection Research and Development Office Table of Contents 1. Goniozus nephantidis 1 2. Asecodes hispinarum 12 3. Anagyrus lopezi 16 4. Lacewings 19 5. Earwigs spp. 22 6. Trichogramma spp. 25 Goniozus nephantidis for controlling Opisina arenosella walker Opisina arenosella walker (black-headed caterpillar) Introduction Black-headed caterpillar or Opisina arenosella Walker is an insect pest that can be found in South Asian countries like India and Sri Lanka. The first outbreak in Thailand in July 2007, have affected the yield of coconut, farming land as well as businesses related to it. The pest control of black-headed caterpillar should be done when first sighted for easier, faster elimination with little cost, and most importantly, it would not affect the produce and the use of chemical pesticides can be avoided. However, if left alone until the coconut leaves become dry, it would be harder to control the black-headed caterpillar and could eventually result to the death of coconut trees. Finding solution to the outbreak of black-headed caterpillar, it is necessary to have cooperation from all different sectors including the government, business and private sector related to coconut and coconut farmers as well as owner of uncultivated coconut land that needed integration by controlling the black-headed caterpillar once sighted, so as not to let it multiply and spread further. This document has collected the steps and procedures in controlling black-headed caterpillar starting from cutting and destroying the affected area of coconut leaves, to the use of Bio bacteria (BT) and Goniozus nephantidis or Muesebeck as well as the right use of chemicals.
    [Show full text]
  • Dysdercus Cingulatus
    Prelims (F) Page i Monday, August 25, 2003 9:52 AM Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects D.F. Waterhouse (ACIAR Consultant in Plant Protection) Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Canberra 1998 Prelims (F) Page ii Monday, August 25, 2003 9:52 AM The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. Its primary mandate is to help identify agricultural problems in developing countries and to commission collaborative research between Australian and developing country researchers in fields where Australia has special competence. Where trade names are used this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination against any product by the Centre. ACIAR MONOGRAPH SERIES This peer-reviewed series contains the results of original research supported by ACIAR, or deemed relevant to ACIAR’s research objectives. The series is distributed internationally, with an emphasis on the Third World ©Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research GPO Box 1571, Canberra, ACT 2601. Waterhouse, D.F. 1998, Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects. ACIAR Monograph No. 51, 548 pp + viii, 1 fig. 16 maps. ISBN 1 86320 221 8 Design and layout by Arawang Communication Group, Canberra Cover: Nezara viridula adult, egg rafts and hatching nymphs. Printed by Brown Prior Anderson, Melbourne ii Prelims (F) Page iii Monday, August 25, 2003 9:52 AM Contents Foreword vii 1 Abstract 1 2 Estimation of biological control
    [Show full text]
  • In Laboratory Cultures of Tenebrio Molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and Possible Role in Biological Control of Ephestia Cautella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
    634 Florida Entomologist 96(2) June 2013 ANTROCEPHALUS MITYS (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDIDAE) IN LABORATORY CULTURES OF TENEBRIO MOLITOR (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE), AND POSSIBLE ROLE IN BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF EPHESTIA CAUTELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) ALEXANDRE I. A. PEREIRA1, TIAGO G. PIKART2, FRANCISCO S. RAMALHO3, SAGADAI MANICKAVASAGAM4, JOSÉ E. SERRÃO5 AND JOSÉ C. ZANUNCIO2,* 1Instituto Federal Goiano (Campus Urutaí), Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento Km 2,5, 75790-000 Urutaí, Goiás State, Brazil 2Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil 3Unidade de Controle Biológico⁄Embrapa Algodão, Avenida Osvaldo Cruz, 1143, 58107-720, Campina Grande, Paraíba State, Brazil 4Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu 608002, India 5Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] Adequate food sources are shortcomings for cidentally introduced into Brazil (Boucek 1988). mass rearing predators (Molina-Rugama et al. Antrocephalus spp. are natural enemies of stored 1998; Silva et al. 2009) and parasitoids (Pratissoli product moth pests such as Corcyra cephalonica et al. 2004a; Soares et al. 2007). The yellow meal- Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (Sastry & Ap- worm, Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebri- panna 1960; Gates 1993; Konishi et al. 2004), onidae), is used to feed captive mammals, birds, Opisina arenosella Walker (Lepidoptera:
    [Show full text]
  • Slow and Fast Development in Ladybirds: Occurrence, Effects and Significance
    RGB Geoscientific Instrumentation Methods and Discussions Data Systems Geoscientific Instrumentation Methods and Open Access Open Data Systems Web Ecol., 12, 19–26, 2012 www.web-ecol.net/12/19/2012/ doi:10.5194/we-12-19-2012 © Author(s) 2012. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Access Open Web Ecology Slow and fast development in ladybirds: occurrence, effects and significance G. Mishra and Omkar Ladybird Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India Correspondence to: Omkar ([email protected]) Received: 12 December 2011 – Revised: 18 April 2012 – Accepted: 22 April 2012 – Published: 21 May 2012 Abstract. Developmental and growth rates are known to vary in response to genetic, developmental, phys- iological and environmental factors. However, developmental variations that exist within a cohort under any constant rearing condition are not so well investigated. A few such prominent polymorphisms have been stud- ied, but not the subtle ones. The current study investigates the presence of such varying rates of development, slow and fast, in a cohort reared under constant conditions in two ladybirds, Cheilomenes sexmaculata and Propylea dissecta. Our results reveal slow and fast developers in the cohorts of each species and the ratio of slow and fast developers was similar. Slow developers showed a female biased sex ratio. The two develop- mental variants differed significantly in juvenile duration only in the first instar and the pupal stage, though variations in developmental time were observed in all stages. Fecundity was higher in slow developers, but developmental rates did not affect egg viability. The similar ratio in both ladybirds indicates it to be a result of either presence of a constant ratio across species or an effect of the similar rearing environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Biology and Predatory Potential of the Ladybird Beetle, Cheilomenes S Exmaculata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Sugarcane Aphids
    I Bioi. CO/ltrol, 12( I): 47-50, 1998 Research Note Biology and predatory potential of the ladybird beetle, Cheilomenes s exmaculata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on sugarcane aphids S. EASWARAMOORTHY, N. K. KURUP and G. SANTHALAKSHMI Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, Tamil Nadu, India ABSTRACT: The mean duration of development of Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) reared on Melanaphis indosacchari David was 11.3 ± 2.4 days. The adults survived for 22.7 + 9.1 days when fed with aphids. The feeding potential of grubs was 220.2 ± 17.4 aphids in the case of M. indosacchari and 179.6 + 40.5 aphids in Melanaphis sacchari Zehnt. The adult beetles preyed a mean of 992.8 ± 256.8 M. indosacchari and 1403.3 ± 99.9 M. sacchari, respectively. The feeding potential of grubs increased with age while that of adults decreased with age. KEY WORDS: Biology, Cheilomenes sexmaculata, predatory potential, sugarcane aphids Nine species of aphids are reported to sexmaculata (Fabricius) is widely occur on sugarcane (Seth and Chona, 1961; distributed and feeds on the nymphs and Bhargavaetal., 197I;Rizvi and Bhargava, adults of the aphids. But no quantitative 1973) among which Melanaphis sacchari data are available on the feeding potential Zehnt. andMelanaphis indosacchariDavid of aphids commonly infesting sugarcane. are more common. They cause damage In the present study the biology was studied directly by desaping and indirectly by acting on M. indosacchari and feeding potential as a vector of the sugarcane mosaic virus was studied on both the species. (Alexander and David, 1986). However, the aphids are only minor pests and seldom Sugarcane plants (variety Co 6304) build up heavy populations, probably due were raised in pots and were infested to the activity of predators.
    [Show full text]
  • Mass Production Procedure of Trichogramma Spp
    Mass production procedure of Trichogramma spp The genus Trichogramma is cosmopolitan in distribution and present in all terrestrial habitats and is one of 80 genera in the family Trichogrammatidae. Trichogramma primarily parasitise eggs of Lepidoptera, but parasitism also occurs in eggs of other orders such as Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera and Neuroptera. It is important for plant protection because of its wide spread natural occurrence and its success as biological control agent by mass releasing. It has the distinction of being the highest produced and most utilized biological control agent in the world. Trichogrammatidae includes the smallest of insects, ranging in size from 0.2 to 1.5 mm. Biology of Trichogramma The development of all Trichogramma spp. is very similar. Being an egg parasite, the female drills a hole through the chorion and deposits its eggs within the egg of the host. The internal pressure of the egg forces a small drop of yolk out of the oviposition hole. Females feed on this yolk, which increases their longevity under laboratory conditions. Female parasitizes from one to ten eggs per day or from ten to 190 during her life. Large females parasitize more eggs than smaller females. The number of eggs laid per host egg may vary from 1 to 20 or more depending upon the size of the host egg. However, in sugarcane in which moth borer eggs are small, generally 1 or 2 parasites develop per egg. A female parasitoid can distinguish already parasitised eggs, thereby avoiding superparasitism or multiple-parasitism under natural conditions. Fecundity varies from 20 to 200 eggs per female according to the species, the host, and the longevity of the adult.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Reproductive Diapause in the Predatory Ladybird Cheilomenes Sexmaculata (Fabricius, 1781) (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) S
    ISSN 0013-8738, Entomological Review, 2021, Vol. 101, No. 1, pp. 1–6. © The Author(s), 2021. This article is an open access publication. Russian Text © The Author(s), 2021, published in Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 2021, Vol. 100, No. 1, pp. 5–13. On the Reproductive Diapause in the Predatory Ladybird Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius, 1781) (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) S. Ya. Reznika,b,*, A. N. Ovchinnikova,b, A. A. Ovchinnikovab, O. S. Bezman-Moseykob, and N. A. Belyakovaa a All-Russia Institute of Plant Protection, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196608 Russia b Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received January 14, 2021; revised January 19, 2021; accepted January 19, 2021 Abstract—The ability to enter reproductive diapause was experimentally studied in females of the laboratory population of the predatory ladybird Cheilomenes sexmaculata originated from individuals collected in Nepal in a region of subtropical monsoon climate. The experiment included 12 regimes, i.e. combinations of 2 temperatures (20 and 24°C), 3 photoperiods (day lengths of 10, 12, and 14 h), and 2 diets (the green peach aphid Myzus persicae and eggs of the grain moth Sitotroga cerealella). Females with undeveloped ovaries and well developed fat body were considered as diapausing. The proportion of diapausing females was signifi cantly dependent only on the temperature being 0.8% at 24°С and 7.4% at 20°С. Although found in only a small fraction of the studied population, the ability to enter reproductive diapause (as suggested by literature data) was probably an important prerequisite for Ch.
    [Show full text]
  • Aphid Species, Their Natural Enemies in Vegetables from Erzincan, Turkey
    Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi) 2021, 27 (1) : 16 - 25 DOI: 10.15832/ankutbd.574812 Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi) J Agr Sci-Tarim Bili e-ISSN: 2148-9297 jas.ankara.edu.tr Aphid Species, Their Natural Enemies in Vegetables from Erzincan, Turkey: First Record of the Parasitoid Wasp Aphelinus mali (Haldeman) parasitizing Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach)* İsmail ALASERHATa , Adnan CANBAYb , Işıl ÖZDEMİRc a Directorate of Horticultural Research Institute, 24060, Erzincan, TURKEY b Directorate of Apricot Research Institute, 44090, Malatya, TURKEY c Directorate of Plant Protection Central Research Institute, 06172, Ankara, TURKEY ARTICLE INFO Research Article Corresponding Author: İsmail ALASERHAT, E-mail: [email protected] Received: 10 June 2019 / Revised: 03 September 2019 / Accepted: 09 September 2019 / Online: 18 January 2021 ABSTRACT Aphididae) was first recorded as a host of Aphelinus mali (Haldeman) Aphid species, their parasitoids and predators on vegetables (bean, (Aphelinidae: Aphelininae) in the world. In addition, parasitism rates of cucumber, eggplant, melon, okra, pepper, pumpkin, tomato and aphids were also established. The mean parasitism rate changed between watermelon) grown in Erzincan province, Turkey were determined. 17.5% in 2015 and 4.39% in 2016. The relationship between parasitism Surveys were carried out at weekly intervals from the seedling period rate, total parasitized aphid number and total aphid number were found. until the end of the harvest period in Central and Üzümlü districts of According to the analysis result, there was a very weak or a high positive Erzincan province in 2014-2016. 30-40 plants were randomly selected in correlation (r= 0.126-0.721) between total aphid number and total the surveys and all parts of plants were investigated with a magnifier.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Study on Ladybird Beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Fauna of Tando Jam, Sindh
    INT. J. BIOL. BIOTECH., 13 (1): 43-47, 2016. TAXONOMIC STUDY ON LADYBIRD BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) FAUNA OF TANDO JAM, SINDH Raheem Bux Mashori1*, Imran Khatri1, Maqsood Anwar Rustamani1, Nazeer Ahmed Panhwar1 and Zubair Ahmed2 1Department of Entomology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam, 2Department of Zoology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Karachi Corresponding Author: Raheem Bux Mashori; Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Coccinellid beetles were collected from various localities of Tandojam, Sindh. This study indicated the occurrence of nine species belonging to three subfamilies of family Coccinellidae. 1. Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius, 1781) | 2. Hippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777) | Tribe – Coccinellini Latreile, 1807 of subfamily 3. Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758 | Coccinellinae Latreile, 1807 4. Coccinella transversalis Fabricius, 1781 | 5. Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus 1758 | 6. Harmonia axyridis Tytthaspis 16-punctata (Pallas, 1773) | 7. Bulaea lichatschovi (Hummel 1827) - Tribe Bulaeini Savoyskaya, 1969 of subfamily Coccinellinae Latreile, 1807 8. Brumoides suturalis (Fabricius, 1798) - Tribe Chilocorini Mulsant, 1846 of subfamily Chilocorinae Mulsant, 1846 9. Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (Fabricius, 1775) - Tribe Epilachnini Mulsant 1846 of subfamily Epilachninae Mulsant 1846. Key words: Coccinellidae, Tando Jam, ladybird beetles INTRODUCTION The family Coccinellidae, designated as Ladybirds or Ladybugs (Kovar, 1996; Hunt et al., 2007). The Coccinellid (latin word) means "scarlet" (Brown, 2007). The name "ladybird" originated in Britain where the insects became known as 'Our Lady's bird' or the Lady beetle (Samaha, 2010). It is interesting that Linnaeus – the great naturalist’s first zoological contribution to the nomenclature was on Coccinella. He described this genus in 1758 with its 36 European representatives. Laterille put this genus under newly established Coccinellidae.
    [Show full text]