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4/23/2015 1 •Psychedelics Or Hallucinogens
4/23/2015 Hallucinogens •Psychedelics or This “classic” hallucinogen column The 2 groups below are quite different produce similar effects From the classic hallucinogens Hallucinogens Drugs Stimulating 5HT Receptors Drugs BLOCKING ACH Receptors • aka “psychotomimetics” LSD Nightshade(Datura) Psilocybin Mushrooms Jimsonweed Morning Glory Seeds Atropine Dimethyltryptamine Scopolamine What do the very mixed group of hallucinogens found around the world share in common? •Drugs Resembling NE Drugs BLOCKING Glutamate Receptors •Peyote cactus Phencyclidine (PCP) •Mescaline Ketamine All contain something that resembles a •Methylated amphetamines like MDMA High dose dextromethorphan •Nutmeg neurotransmitter •New synthetic variations (“bath salts”) •5HT-Like Hallucinogens •LSD History • Serotonin • created by Albert Hofmann for Sandoz Pharmaceuticals LSD • was studying vasoconstriction produced by ergot alkaloids LSD • initial exposure was accidental absorption thru skin • so potent ED is in millionths of a gram (25-250 micrograms) & must be delivered on something else (sugar cube, gelatin square, paper) Psilocybin Activate 5HT2 receptors , especially in prefrontal cortex and limbic areas, but is not readily metabolized •Characteristics of LSD & Other “Typical” •Common Effects Hallucinogens • Sensory distortions (color, size, shape, movement), • Autonomic (mostly sympathetic) changes occur first constantly changing (relatively mild) • Vivid closed eye imagery • Sensory/perceptual changes follow • Synesthesia (crossing of senses – e.g. hearing music -
Nightshade”—A Hierarchical Classification Approach to T Identification of Hallucinogenic Solanaceae Spp
Talanta 204 (2019) 739–746 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Talanta journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/talanta Call it a “nightshade”—A hierarchical classification approach to T identification of hallucinogenic Solanaceae spp. using DART-HRMS-derived chemical signatures ∗ Samira Beyramysoltan, Nana-Hawwa Abdul-Rahman, Rabi A. Musah Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY, 12222, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Plants that produce atropine and scopolamine fall under several genera within the nightshade family. Both Hierarchical classification atropine and scopolamine are used clinically, but they are also important in a forensics context because they are Psychoactive plants abused recreationally for their psychoactive properties. The accurate species attribution of these plants, which Seed species identifiction are related taxonomically, and which all contain the same characteristic biomarkers, is a challenging problem in Metabolome profiling both forensics and horticulture, as the plants are not only mind-altering, but are also important in landscaping as Direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry ornamentals. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry in combination with a hierarchical classification workflow Chemometrics is shown to enable species identification of these plants. The hierarchical classification simplifies the classifi- cation problem to primarily consider the subset of models that account for the hierarchy taxonomy, instead of having it be based on discrimination between species using a single flat classification model. Accordingly, the seeds of 24 nightshade plant species spanning 5 genera (i.e. Atropa, Brugmansia, Datura, Hyocyamus and Mandragora), were analyzed by direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry (DART-HRMS) with minimal sample preparation required. -
Drugs That Can Cause Delirium (Anticholinergic / Toxic Metabolites)
Drugs that can Cause Delirium (anticholinergic / toxic metabolites) Deliriants (drugs causing delirium) Prescription drugs . Central acting agents – Sedative hypnotics (e.g., benzodiazepines) – Anticonvulsants (e.g., barbiturates) – Antiparkinsonian agents (e.g., benztropine, trihexyphenidyl) . Analgesics – Narcotics (NB. meperidine*) – Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs* . Antihistamines (first generation, e.g., hydroxyzine) . Gastrointestinal agents – Antispasmodics – H2-blockers* . Antinauseants – Scopolamine – Dimenhydrinate . Antibiotics – Fluoroquinolones* . Psychotropic medications – Tricyclic antidepressants – Lithium* . Cardiac medications – Antiarrhythmics – Digitalis* – Antihypertensives (b-blockers, methyldopa) . Miscellaneous – Skeletal muscle relaxants – Steroids Over the counter medications and complementary/alternative medications . Antihistamines (NB. first generation) – diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine). Antinauseants – dimenhydrinate, scopolamine . Liquid medications containing alcohol . Mandrake . Henbane . Jimson weed . Atropa belladonna extract * Requires adjustment in renal impairment. From: K Alagiakrishnan, C A Wiens. (2004). An approach to drug induced delirium in the elderly. Postgrad Med J, 80, 388–393. Delirium in the Older Person: A Medical Emergency. Island Health www.viha.ca/mhas/resources/delirium/ Drugs that can cause delirium. Reviewed: 8-2014 Some commonly used medications with moderate to high anticholinergic properties and alternative suggestions Type of medication Alternatives with less deliriogenic -
Adverse Reactions to Hallucinogenic Drugs. 1Rnstttutton National Test
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 034 696 SE 007 743 AUTROP Meyer, Roger E. , Fd. TITLE Adverse Reactions to Hallucinogenic Drugs. 1rNSTTTUTTON National Test. of Mental Health (DHEW), Bethesda, Md. PUB DATP Sep 67 NOTE 118p.; Conference held at the National Institute of Mental Health, Chevy Chase, Maryland, September 29, 1967 AVATLABLE FROM Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402 ($1.25). FDPS PRICE FDPS Price MFc0.50 HC Not Available from EDRS. DESCPTPTOPS Conference Reports, *Drug Abuse, Health Education, *Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, *Medical Research, *Mental Health IDENTIFIEPS Hallucinogenic Drugs ABSTPACT This reports a conference of psychologists, psychiatrists, geneticists and others concerned with the biological and psychological effects of lysergic acid diethylamide and other hallucinogenic drugs. Clinical data are presented on adverse drug reactions. The difficulty of determining the causes of adverse reactions is discussed, as are different methods of therapy. Data are also presented on the psychological and physiolcgical effects of L.S.D. given as a treatment under controlled medical conditions. Possible genetic effects of L.S.D. and other drugs are discussed on the basis of data from laboratory animals and humans. Also discussed are needs for futher research. The necessity to aviod scare techniques in disseminating information about drugs is emphasized. An aprentlix includes seven background papers reprinted from professional journals, and a bibliography of current articles on the possible genetic effects of drugs. (EB) National Clearinghouse for Mental Health Information VA-w. Alb alb !bAm I.S. MOMS Of NAM MON tMAN IONE Of NMI 105 NUNN NU IN WINES UAWAS RCM NIN 01 NUN N ONMININI 01011110 0. -
Yorkshire Palliative Medicine Clinical Guidelines Group Guidelines on the Use of Antiemetics Author(S): Dr Annette Edwards (Chai
Yorkshire Palliative Medicine Clinical Guidelines Group Guidelines on the use of Antiemetics Author(s): Dr Annette Edwards (Chair) and Deborah Royle on behalf of the Yorkshire Palliative Medicine Clinical Guidelines Group Overall objective : To provide guidance on the evidence for the use of antiemetics in specialist palliative care. Search Strategy: Search strategy: Medline, Embase and Cinahl databases were searched using the words nausea, vomit$, emesis, antiemetic and drug name. Review Date: March 2008 Competing interests: None declared Disclaimer: These guidelines are the property of the Yorkshire Palliative Medicine Clinical Guidelines Group. They are intended to be used by qualified, specialist palliative care professionals as an information resource. They should be used in the clinical context of each individual patient’s needs. The clinical guidelines group takes no responsibility for any consequences of any actions taken as a result of using these guidelines. Contact Details: Dr Annette Edwards, Macmillan Consultant in Palliative Medicine, Department of Palliative Medicine, Pinderfields General Hospital, Aberford Road, Wakefield, WF1 4DG Tel: 01924 212290 E-mail: [email protected] 1 Introduction: Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms in patients with advanced cancer. A careful history, examination and appropriate investigations may help to infer the pathophysiological mechanism involved. Where possible and clinically appropriate aetiological factors should be corrected. Antiemetics are chosen based on the likely mechanism and the neurotransmitters involved in the emetic pathway. However, a recent systematic review has highlighted that evidence for the management of nausea and vomiting in advanced cancer is sparse. (Glare 2004) The following drug and non-drug treatments were reviewed to assess the strength of evidence for their use as antiemetics with particular emphasis on their use in the palliative care population. -
The Use of Cyclizine in Patients Receiving Parenteral Nutrition
DRAFT - The use of cyclizine in patients receiving parenteral nutrition Jeremy Nightingale, Uchu Meade, Gavin Leahy and the BIFA committee Cyclizine is a piperazine derivative that was discovered in 1947 while researching new antihistamine drugs (H1 blockers) and was first sold 1965. It is marketed for the treatment or prevention of nausea, vomiting, and labyrinthine disorders including vertigo and motion sickness. This includes nausea after a general anaesthetic and that caused by opioid use. In the United Kingdom the oral formulation is classified as a Pharmacy (P) medicine and can be sold from a registered pharmacy premises by or under the supervision of a pharmacist. The intravenous formulation is classified as a Prescription Only Medicine (POM). There is increasing recognition that the intravenous formulation of cyclizine may cause euphoria and dependence (addiction); these side effects may not be reported by patients and be under recognised by healthcare professionals. It has many associated problems when used by patients receiving long-term parenteral nutrition. This position paper highlights the risks associated with its long-term intravenous use. Actions/pharmacology (1) Cyclizine has both anti-histamine (H1) and anti-cholinergic (anti-muscarinic M1) effects. It is a class 1 drug in the biopharmaceutical classification (high permeability and solubility) with a peak plasma concentration of about 70 ng/ ml reached approximately 2 hours after oral ingestion, as measured in healthy adult patients. Its quoted elimination (biological) half-life is 20 hours when given orally (1) and 13 hours when given intravenously (2). Cyclizine is metabolised to its N-demethylated derivative, norcyclizine, which has little anti-histaminic (H1) activity compared to cyclizine. -
PSYCHEDELIC DRUGS (P.L) 1. Terminology “Hallucinogens
PSYCHEDELIC DRUGS (p.l) 1. Terminology “hallucinogens” – induce hallucinations, although sensory distortions are more common “psychotomimetics” – to minic psychotic states, although truly most drugs in this class do not do so “phantasticums”or “psychedelics” – alter sensory perception (Julien uses “psychedelics”) alterations in perception, cognition, and mood, in presence of otherwise clear ability to sense” may increase sensory awareness, increase clarity, decrease control over what is sensed/experienced “self-A” may feel a passive observer of what “self-B” is experiencing often accompanied by a sense of profound meaningfulness, of divine or cosmic importance (limbic system?) these drugs can be classified by what NT they mimic: anti-ACh, agonists for NE, 5HT, or glutamate (See p. 332, Table 12.l in Julien, 9th Ed.) 2. The Anti-ACh Psychedelics e.g. scopolamine (classified as an ACh blocker) high affinity, no efficacy plant product: Belladonna or “deadly nightshade” (Atropa belladonna) Datura stramonium (jimson weed, stinkweed) Mandragora officinarum (mandrake plant) pupillary dilation (2nd to atropine) PSYCHEDELIC DRUGS (p.2) 2. Anti-ACh Psychedelics (cont.) pharmacological effects: e.g. scopolamine (Donnatal) clinically used to tx motion sickness, relax smooth muscles (gastric cramping), mild sedation/anesthetic effect PNS effects --- dry mouth relaxation of smooth muscles decreased sweating increased body temperature blurred vision dry skin pupillary dilation tachycardia, increased BP CNS effects --- drowsiness, mild euphoria profound amnesia fatigue decreased attention, focus delirium, mental confusion decreased REM sleep no increase in sensory awareness as dose increases --- restlessness, excitement, hallucinations, euphoria, disorientation at toxic dose levels --- “psychotic delirium”, confusion, stupor, coma, respiratory depression so drug is really an intoxicant, amnestic, and deliriant 3. -
Fall TNP Herbals.Pptx
8/18/14 Introduc?on to Objecves Herbal Medicine ● Discuss history and role of psychedelic herbs Part II: Psychedelics, in medicine and illness. Legal Highs, and ● List herbs used as emerging legal and illicit Herbal Poisons drugs of abuse. ● Associate main plant and fungal families with Jason Schoneman RN, MS, AGCNS-BC representave poisonous compounds. The University of Texas at Aus?n ● Discuss clinical management of main toxic Schultes et al., 1992 compounds. Psychedelics Sacraments: spiritual tools or sacred medicine by non-Western cultures vs. Dangerous drugs of abuse vs. Research and clinical tools for mental and physical http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ww0703.htm disorders History History ● Shamanic divinaon ○ S;mulus for spirituality/religion http://orderofthesacredspiral.blogspot.com/2012/06/t- mckenna-on-psilocybin.html http://www.cosmicelk.net/Chukchidirections.htm 1 8/18/14 History History http://www.10zenmonkeys.com/2007/01/10/hallucinogenic- weapons-the-other-chemical-warfare/ http://rebloggy.com/post/love-music-hippie-psychedelic- woodstock http://fineartamerica.com/featured/misterio-profundo-pablo- amaringo.html History ● Psychotherapy ○ 20th century: un;l 1971 ● Recreaonal ○ S;mulus of U.S. cultural revolu;on http://qsciences.digi-info-broker.com http://www.uspharmacist.com/content/d/feature/c/38031/ http://en.wikipedia.org/nervous_system 2 8/18/14 Main Groups Main Groups Tryptamines LSD, Psilocybin, DMT, Ibogaine Other Ayahuasca, Fly agaric Phenethylamines MDMA, Mescaline, Myristicin Pseudo-hallucinogen Cannabis Dissociative -
Ce4less.Com Ce4less.Com Ce4less.Com Ce4less.Com Ce4less.Com Ce4less.Com Ce4less.Com
Hallucinogens And Dissociative Drug Use And Addiction Introduction Hallucinogens are a diverse group of drugs that cause alterations in perception, thought, or mood. This heterogeneous group has compounds with different chemical structures, different mechanisms of action, and different adverse effects. Despite their description, most hallucinogens do not consistently cause hallucinations. The drugs are more likely to cause changes in mood or in thought than actual hallucinations. Hallucinogenic substances that form naturally have been used worldwide for millennia to induce altered states for religious or spiritual purposes. While these practices still exist, the more common use of hallucinogens today involves the recreational use of synthetic hallucinogens. Hallucinogen And Dissociative Drug Toxicity Hallucinogens comprise a collection of compounds that are used to induce hallucinations or alterations of consciousness. Hallucinogens are drugs that cause alteration of visual, auditory, or tactile perceptions; they are also referred to as a class of drugs that cause alteration of thought and emotion. Hallucinogens disrupt a person’s ability to think and communicate effectively. Hallucinations are defined as false sensations that have no basis in reality: The sensory experience is not actually there. The term “hallucinogen” is slightly misleading because hallucinogens do not consistently cause hallucinations. 1 ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com How hallucinogens cause alterations in a person’s sensory experience is not entirely understood. Hallucinogens work, at least in part, by disrupting communication between neurotransmitter systems throughout the body including those that regulate sleep, hunger, sexual behavior and muscle control. Patients under the influence of hallucinogens may show a wide range of unusual and often sudden, volatile behaviors with the potential to rapidly fluctuate from a relaxed, euphoric state to one of extreme agitation and aggression. -
Motion Sickness Traveler Summary Key Points Motion Sickness Consists of a Group of Signs and Symptoms That Develop in Response to Real Or Perceived Motion
Motion Sickness Traveler Summary Key Points Motion sickness consists of a group of signs and symptoms that develop in response to real or perceived motion. Symptoms include dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Prevention includes: Eating light meals Avoiding alcohol Sitting in the front seat of a car, over the wings on an airplane, or mid-deck on ships and facing forward in buses and trains Avoiding tasks requiring a close focus (e.g., reading) Using over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription medication OTC medications include: Dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, cyclizine, or meclizine: take 1 hour before departure and continue during the trip. These medications can cause sedation; do not mix with alcohol. Read labels carefully. Check for cautions regarding use in certain conditions. Prescription medications include: Scopolamine patches: place behind the ear; change every 3 days; apply 8 hours before the first incidence of rough weather or rough roads. Dry mouth and dry eyes may result. Patches do not work if cut in half. More than 1 patch should never be applied; hallucinations or psychosis may result. Strong sedatives (such as promethazine or prochlorperazine): take orally or by suppository after onset of severe symptoms, but anticipate sleep for a number of hours. A cruise medical clinic may administer injectable promethazine if absolutely necessary. Introduction The human body has a delicate system of equilibrium that relies on fluids in the inner ear, visual sensors, and other physical input to maintain a sense of balance. When incoming signals are in conflict—for example, when the body is at rest yet the eyes sense movement—this system is disturbed, causing the symptoms of motion sickness. -
On the Approximation of the Laws of the Member States Relating to Cosmetic Products (76/768/EEC )
27 . 9 . 76 Official Journal of the European Communities No L 262/169 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to cosmetic products (76/768/EEC ) THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, regards the composition, labelling and packaging of cosmetic products ; Having regard to the Treaty establishing the Euro pean Economic Community, and in particular Whereas this Directive relates only to cosmetic prod Article 100 thereof, ucts and not to pharmaceutical specialities and medicinal products ; whereas for this purpose it is necessary to define the scope of the Directive by Having regard to the proposal from the Commission, delimiting the field of cosmetics from that of phar maceuticals ; whereas this delimitation follows in particular from the detailed definition of cosmetic Having regard to the opinion of the European Parlia products, which refers both to their areas of appli ment ( 1 ), cation and to the purposes of their use; whereas this Directive is not applicable to the products that fall Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and under the definition of cosmetic product but are Social Committee (2 ), exclusively intended to protect from disease; whereas, moreover, it is advisable to specify that certain prod ucts come under this definition, whilst products Whereas the provisions laid down by law, regulation containing substances or preparations intended to be or administrative action in force in the Member ingested, inhaled, injected or implanted in the human States -
Medicines Classification Committee
Medicines Classification Committee Meeting date 1 May 2017 58th Meeting Title Reclassification of Sedating Antihistamines Medsafe Pharmacovigilance Submitted by Paper type For decision Team Proposal for The Medicines Adverse Reactions Committee (MARC) recommended that the reclassification to committee consider reclassifying sedating antihistamines to prescription prescription medicines when used in children under 6 years of age for the treatment of medicine for some nausea and vomiting and travel sickness [exact wording to be determined by indications the committee]. Reason for The purpose of this document is to provide the committee with an overview submission of the information provided to the MARC about safety concerns associated with sedating antihistamines and reasons for recommendations. Associated March 2013 Children and Sedating Antihistamines Prescriber Update articles February 2010 Cough and cold medicines clarification – antihistamines Medsafe website Safety information: Use of cough and cold medicines in children – new advice Medicines for Alimemazine Diphenhydramine consideration Brompheniramine Doxylamine Chlorpheniramine Meclozine Cyclizine Promethazine Dexchlorpheniramine New Zealand Some oral sedating antihistamines available without exposure to a prescription (pharmacist-only and pharmacy only), sedating therefore usage data is not easily available. antihistamines Table of Contents 1.0 PURPOSE ......................................................................................................................................