Survey and Identification of Plant Parasitic Nematodes on Faba Bean
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Nematode, Ditylenchus, Stem and Bulb, Meloidogyne, Root Knot
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF STEM AND ROOT KNOT NEMATODES r Becky B. Westerdahl1 Abstract: Plant parasitic nematodes are nonsegmented-microscopic roundworms which are frequently present in alfalfa fields. Although more than 10 different genera have been found in alfalfa fields in California, two (stem and bulb, and root knot) are most commonly associated with damage. A management plan to fit a particular growing situation should be developed using a combination of techniques including: planting site selection, certified seed, clean equipment, weed and irrigation management, resistant varieties, crop rotation, fallow, organic amendments and chemical nematicides. Ke~words nematode, Ditylenchus, stem and bulb, Meloidogyne, root knot, INTRODUCTION Plant parasitic nematodes are nonsegmented-microscopic roundworms which are frequently present in alfalfa fields. Whether or not alfalfa is to be planted in a nematode infested area, a grower should be knowledgeable about nematodes. If nematodes are present, both pre and postplant management strategies should be developed for pathogenic species. If an alfalfa field or a potential planting site is not infested, a grower should be aware of techniques available to prevent the introduction of harmful species. For growers to carry on a nematode pest management program they need to be familiar with (1) nematode biology; (2) symptoms and signs of nematode f damage; (3) how nematodes injure plants; (4) how to sample for nematodes; and (5) the principles underlying various management techniques including: planting site selection, the use of certified seed, the importance of using clean equipment and irrigation water, weed management, the use of resistant varieties, crop rotation, fallow, organic amendments, and chemical nematicides. -
Rhynchus Claytoni Steiner 1) by Lr
INVESTIGATIONS ON THE LIFE CYCLE, REPRODUCTION, FEEDING HABITS AND HOST RANGE OF TYLENCHO- RHYNCHUS CLAYTONI STEINER 1) BY L. R. KRUSBERG N. C. State College, Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S.A. The tobacco stunt nematode, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni., is one of the more serious plant-parasitic nematodes in North Carolina. It was first described from specimens collected around and in roots of stunted to- bacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.) (STEINER, 1937). This nematode was found in soil from 6/% of 175 tobacco fields sampled in South Carolina (GRAHAM, 1954). Besides reproducing on cotton and tobacco it also reduced the root systems and caused stunting of these plants in the greenhouse. T. claytoni severely reduced the root systems of hybrid corn breeding lines in greenhouse tests (NELSON, 1956). Several in- breds were resistant resulting in reduction of the nematode populations. This species has been causing considerable damage to tobacco in North Carolina (DROLSOM & MOORE, 1955), and a recently developed variety (Dixie Bright 101) is reported to support larger nematode populations than old line varieties (NUSBAUM, 1954). T. claytoni has been found in golf green turfs (TROLL & TARJAN, 1954), in the soil around roots of sugar cane, strawberry, camellia, sweet potato and rice (MARTIN & BIRCHFIELD, 1955), and in the rhizospheres of chlorotic and stunted peanut plants (BOYLE, 1950). Host-parasite relations have been studied with two other Tylencho- rhynchus species. The relations of T. dubius Biltschli to cotton and Te- pary bean (Phaseolits acutifolius, Gray, var. latifolius, Freem.) were investigated in Arizona (REYNOLDS & EVANS, 1953). Nematodes ap- peared to feed on the epidermal tissues of young roots and larvae were found inside some small secondary roots. -
Occurrence of Ditylenchus Destructorthorne, 1945 on a Sand
Journal of Plant Protection Research ISSN 1427-4345 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Occurrence of Ditylenchus destructor Thorne, 1945 on a sand dune of the Baltic Sea Renata Dobosz1*, Katarzyna Rybarczyk-Mydłowska2, Grażyna Winiszewska2 1 Entomology and Animal Pests, Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute, Poznan, Poland 2 Nematological Diagnostic and Training Centre, Museum and Institute of Zoology Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland Vol. 60, No. 1: 31–40, 2020 Abstract DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2020.132206 Ditylenchus destructor is a serious pest of numerous economically important plants world- wide. The population of this nematode species was isolated from the root zone of Ammo- Received: July 11, 2019 phila arenaria on a Baltic Sea sand dune. This population’s morphological and morphomet- Accepted: September 27, 2019 rical characteristics corresponded to D. destructor data provided so far, except for the stylet knobs’ height (2.1–2.9 vs 1.3–1.8) and their arrangement (laterally vs slightly posteriorly *Corresponding address: sloping), the length of a hyaline part on the tail end (0.8–1.8 vs 1–2.9), the pharyngeal gland [email protected] arrangement in relation to the intestine (dorsal or ventral vs dorsal, ventral or lateral) and the appearance of vulval lips (smooth vs annulated). Ribosomal DNA sequence analysis confirmed the identity of D. destructor from a coastal dune. Keywords: Ammophila arenaria, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), potato rot nematode, 18S, 28S rDNA Introduction Nematodes from the genus Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936, arachis Zhang et al., 2014, both of which are pests of are found in soil, in the root zone of arable and wild- peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), Ditylenchus destruc- -growing plants, and occasionally in the tissues of un- tor Thorne, 1945 which feeds on potato (Solanum tu- derground or aboveground parts (Brzeski 1998). -
Diseases of Trees in the Great Plains
United States Department of Agriculture Diseases of Trees in the Great Plains Forest Rocky Mountain General Technical Service Research Station Report RMRS-GTR-335 November 2016 Bergdahl, Aaron D.; Hill, Alison, tech. coords. 2016. Diseases of trees in the Great Plains. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-335. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 229 p. Abstract Hosts, distribution, symptoms and signs, disease cycle, and management strategies are described for 84 hardwood and 32 conifer diseases in 56 chapters. Color illustrations are provided to aid in accurate diagnosis. A glossary of technical terms and indexes to hosts and pathogens also are included. Keywords: Tree diseases, forest pathology, Great Plains, forest and tree health, windbreaks. Cover photos by: James A. Walla (top left), Laurie J. Stepanek (top right), David Leatherman (middle left), Aaron D. Bergdahl (middle right), James T. Blodgett (bottom left) and Laurie J. Stepanek (bottom right). To learn more about RMRS publications or search our online titles: www.fs.fed.us/rm/publications www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/ Background This technical report provides a guide to assist arborists, landowners, woody plant pest management specialists, foresters, and plant pathologists in the diagnosis and control of tree diseases encountered in the Great Plains. It contains 56 chapters on tree diseases prepared by 27 authors, and emphasizes disease situations as observed in the 10 states of the Great Plains: Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. The need for an updated tree disease guide for the Great Plains has been recog- nized for some time and an account of the history of this publication is provided here. -
Biodiversity of Compost Mesofauna and Its Potential As an Indicator of the Composting Process Status
® Dynamic Soil, Dynamic Plant ©2011 Global Science Books Biodiversity of Compost Mesofauna and its Potential as an Indicator of the Composting Process Status Hanne Steel* • Wim Bert Nematology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium Corresponding author : * [email protected] ABSTRACT One of the key issues in compost research is to assess the quality and maturity of the compost. Biological parameters, especially based on mesofauna, have multiple advantages for monitoring a given system. The mesofauna of compost includes Isopoda, Myriapoda, Acari, Collembola, Oligochaeta, Tardigrada, Hexapoda, and Nematoda. This wide spectrum of organisms forms a complex and rapidly changing community. Up to the present, none of the dynamics, in relation to the composting process, of these taxa have been thoroughly investigated. However, from the mesofauna, only nematodes possess the necessary attributes to be potentially useful ecological indicators in compost. They occur in any compost pile that is investigated and in virtually all stages of the compost process. Compost nematodes can be placed into at least three functional or trophic groups. They occupy key positions in the compost food web and have a rapid respond to changes in the microbial activity that is translated in the proportion of functional (feeding) groups within a nematode community. Further- more, there is a clear relationship between structure and function: the feeding behavior is easily deduced from the structure of the mouth cavity and pharynx. Thus, evaluation and interpretation of the abundance and function of nematode faunal assemblages or community structures offers an in situ assessment of the compost process. -
Morphological and Molecular Characterization And
Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2017) 41: 227-236 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-1506-47 Morphological and molecular characterization and phylogenetic position of a new record, Tylenchorhynchus zeae, and some known species of Telotylenchidae Siddiqi, 1960 and Merliniidae Siddiqi, 1971 from Iran 1 1, 1 2 Somaye ALVANI , Esmat MAHDIKHANI-MOGHADAM *, Hamid ROUHANI , Abbas MOHAMMADI 1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran Received: 04.07.2015 Accepted/Published Online: 01.07.2016 Final Version: 04.04.2017 Abstract: In order to identify the plant-parasitic nematodes associated with Berberis vulgaris, Crocus sativus, and Ziziphus zizyphus, 360 soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of these plants in the South Khorasan Province of Iran during 2012–2014. Among the identified species, Tylenchorhynchus zeae Sethi and Swarup, 1968 of Telotylenchidae Siddiqi, 1960 is a new record from Iran and the isolate is described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric, and molecular characteristics. The phylogenetic tree inferred from partial sequences of the 28S rRNA (D2D3 segments) grouped the Iranian isolate with other T. zeae sequences, forming a strongly supported clade (Bayesian posterior probability: 100%). T. zeae is reported here for the first time on Ziziphus zizyphus for Iranian nematofauna. Additional morphological and molecular information is also provided for other species including Amplimerlinius globigerus, Merlinius brevidens, Pratylenchoides alkani, P. ritteri, Scutylenchus rugosus, S. tartuensis, and Trophurus impar from B. vulgaris, C. sativus, and Z. -
Observations on the Genus Doronchus Andrássy
Vol. 20, No. 1, pp.91-98 International Journal of Nematology June, 2010 Occurrence and distribution of nematodes in Idaho crops Saad L. Hafez*, P. Sundararaj*, Zafar A. Handoo** and M. Rafiq Siddiqi*** *University of Idaho, 29603 U of I Lane, Parma, Idaho 83660, USA **USDA-ARS-Nematology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA ***Nematode Taxonomy Laboratory, 24 Brantwood Road, Luton, LU1 1JJ, England, UK E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Surveys were conducted in Idaho, USA during the 2000-2006 cropping seasons to study the occurrence, population density, host association and distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with major crops, grasses and weeds. Eighty-four species and 43 genera of plant-parasitic nematodes were recorded in soil samples from 29 crops in 20 counties in Idaho. Among them, 36 species are new records in this region. The highest number of species belonged to the genus Pratylenchus; P. neglectus was the predominant species among all species of the identified genera. Among the endoparasitic nematodes, the highest percentage of occurrence was Pratylenchus (29.7) followed by Meloidogyne (4.4) and Heterodera (3.4). Among the ectoparasitic nematodes, Helicotylenchus was predominant (8.3) followed by Mesocriconema (5.0) and Tylenchorhynchus (4.8). Keywords. Distribution, Helicotylenchus, Heterodera, Idaho, Meloidogyne, Mesocriconema, population density, potato, Pratylenchus, survey, Tylenchorhynchus, USA. INTRODUCTION and cropping systems in Idaho are highly conducive for nematode multiplication. Information concerning the revious reports have described the association of occurrence and distribution of nematodes in Idaho is plant-parasitic nematode species associated with important to assess their potential to cause economic damage P several crops in the Pacific Northwest (Golden et al., to many crop plants. -
Ditylenchus Dipsaci, from Eastern Canada
Host range and genetic characterization of the stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci, from Eastern Canada By Sandra Poirier Student ID: 260751029 Department of Plant Science McGill University Montreal Quebec, Canada October 2018 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Master in Plant Science © Sandra Poirier 2018 Table of content List of figures ...................................................................................................................... 4 List of tables ........................................................................................................................ 5 Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 6 Résumé ................................................................................................................................ 8 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... 10 Contribution of Authors .................................................................................................... 11 Chapter 1: Introduction ..................................................................................................... 12 Chapter 2: Literature review ............................................................................................. 14 2.1. Ditylenchus dipsaci ........................................................................................... -
Transcriptome Profiling of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne Enterolobii During Parasitism and Identification of Novel Effector Proteins
Ecole Doctorale de Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé Unité de recherche : UMR ISA INRA 1355-UNS-CNRS 7254 Thèse de doctorat Présentée en vue de l’obtention du grade de docteur en Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire de L’UNIVERSITE COTE D’AZUR par NGUYEN Chinh Nghia Etude de la régulation du transcriptome de nématodes parasites de plante, les nématodes à galles du genre Meloidogyne Dirigée par Dr. Bruno FAVERY Soutenance le 8 Décembre, 2016 Devant le jury composé de : Pr. Pierre FRENDO Professeur, INRA UNS CNRS Sophia-Antipolis Président Dr. Marc-Henri LEBRUN Directeur de Recherche, INRA AgroParis Tech Grignon Rapporteur Dr. Nemo PEETERS Directeur de Recherche, CNRS-INRA Castanet Tolosan Rapporteur Dr. Stéphane JOUANNIC Chargé de Recherche, IRD Montpellier Examinateur Dr. Bruno FAVERY Directeur de Recherche, UNS CNRS Sophia-Antipolis Directeur de thèse Doctoral School of Life and Health Sciences Research Unity: UMR ISA INRA 1355-UNS-CNRS 7254 PhD thesis Presented and defensed to obtain Doctor degree in Molecular and Cellular Biology from COTE D’AZUR UNIVERITY by NGUYEN Chinh Nghia Comprehensive Transcriptome Profiling of Root-knot Nematodes during Plant Infection and Characterisation of Species Specific Trait PhD directed by Dr Bruno FAVERY Defense on December 8th 2016 Jury composition : Pr. Pierre FRENDO Professeur, INRA UNS CNRS Sophia-Antipolis President Dr. Marc-Henri LEBRUN Directeur de Recherche, INRA AgroParis Tech Grignon Reporter Dr. Nemo PEETERS Directeur de Recherche, CNRS-INRA Castanet Tolosan Reporter Dr. Stéphane JOUANNIC Chargé de Recherche, IRD Montpellier Examinator Dr. Bruno FAVERY Directeur de Recherche, UNS CNRS Sophia-Antipolis PhD Director Résumé Les nématodes à galles du genre Meloidogyne spp. -
Comparative Analysis of Orthologous Genes Between Anguina Tritici, Ditylenchus Destructor and Meloidogyne Incognita
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(10): 391-398 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 10 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.910.048 Comparative Analysis of Orthologous Genes between Anguina tritici, Ditylenchus destructor and Meloidogyne incognita Ashish Kumar Singh1,2*, Ila Joshi3, Kuldeep Kumar3, Amit Ahuja1 and Anil Sirohi1 1Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012, India 2Division of Crop protection, ICAR-Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi AnusandhanSansthan, Almora, Uttarakhand 263601, India 3ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT K e yw or ds Nematodes are the most abundant metazoans and highly diverse playing significant Orthologous genes Anguina tritici, role in nutrient recycling, successful bioagent of insect pest and most importantly Ditylenchus yield loss to crop. The model nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans) was first nematode destructor and which genome sequenced in 1998 and given impetus for future endeavor to generate Meloidogyne genomic information for other nematodes particularly for PPNs. Comparative incognita genomics is one of the approaches to predict the genes shared with different species Article Info and also to unravel the genes unique and novel to a particular species. In the present Accepted: study we have used a graph-based method by utilizing -
Ohio Plant Disease Index
Special Circular 128 December 1989 Ohio Plant Disease Index The Ohio State University Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Wooster, Ohio This page intentionally blank. Special Circular 128 December 1989 Ohio Plant Disease Index C. Wayne Ellett Department of Plant Pathology The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio T · H · E OHIO ISJATE ! UNIVERSITY OARilL Kirklyn M. Kerr Director The Ohio State University Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Wooster, Ohio All publications of the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center are available to all potential dientele on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, creed, religion, sexual orientation, national origin, sex, age, handicap, or Vietnam-era veteran status. 12-89-750 This page intentionally blank. Foreword The Ohio Plant Disease Index is the first step in develop Prof. Ellett has had considerable experience in the ing an authoritative and comprehensive compilation of plant diagnosis of Ohio plant diseases, and his scholarly approach diseases known to occur in the state of Ohia Prof. C. Wayne in preparing the index received the acclaim and support .of Ellett had worked diligently on the preparation of the first the plant pathology faculty at The Ohio State University. edition of the Ohio Plant Disease Index since his retirement This first edition stands as a remarkable ad substantial con as Professor Emeritus in 1981. The magnitude of the task tribution by Prof. Ellett. The index will serve us well as the is illustrated by the cataloguing of more than 3,600 entries complete reference for Ohio for many years to come. of recorded diseases on approximately 1,230 host or plant species in 124 families. -
The Wisconsin Integrated Cropping Systems Trial - Sixth Report
THE WISCONSIN INTEGRATED CROPPING SYSTEMS TRIAL - SIXTH REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS Prologue ..................................................... Introduction .................................................... ii MAIN SYSTEMS TRIAL -1996 1 . Arlington Agricultural Research Station - 1996 Agronomic Report . 1 2. Lakeland Agricultural Complex - 1996 Agronomic Report .................. 3 3. Weed Seed Bank Changes: 1990 To 1996 ............................ 9 4. Monitoring Fall Nitrates in the Wisconsin Integrated Cropping Systems Trial . 18 5. WICST Intensive Rotational Grazing of Dairy Heifers .................... 26 6. Wisconsin Integrated Cropping Systems Trial Economic Analysis - 1996 ...... 32 WICST SATELLITE TRIALS - 1996 8. Cropping System Three Chemlite Satellite Trial - Arlington, 1995 and 1996 .... 35 9. Corn Response to Commercial Fertilizer in a Low Input Cash Grain System ..... 36 10. WICST On-Farm Cover Crop Research .............................. 38 11 . Summer Seeded Cover Crops - Phase 1, 1996 ........................ 43 12. Improving Weed Control Using a Rotary Hoe .......................... 49 WICST SOIL BIODIVERSITY STUDY - 1996 13. Preliminary Report on Developing Sampling Procedures and Biodiversity Indices 53 14. Soil Invertebrates Associated with 1996 Soil Core Sampling and Residue Decomposition . 66 15. Analysis of Soil Macroartropods Associated with Pitfall Traps in the Wisconsin Integrated Cropping Systems Trial, 1995 ............................ 71 16. Biodiversity of Pythium and Fusarium from Zea mays in different