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Wild Plants of Browns Island Regional Preserve Common Name Version Wild Plants of Browns Island Regional Preserve Common Name Version A Photographic Guide Sorted by Form, Color and Family with Habitat Descriptions and Identification Notes Photographs and text by Wilde Legard District Botanist, East Bay Regional Park District New Revised and Expanded Edition - Includes the latest scientific names, habitat descriptions and identification notes Decimal Inches .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1 .5 2 .5 3 .5 4 .5 5 .5 6 .5 7 .5 8 .5 9 1/8 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 1/2 2 1/2 3 1/2 4 1/2 5 1/2 6 1/2 7 1/2 8 1/2 9 English Inches Notes: A Photographic Guide to the Wild Plants of Browns Island Regional Preserve More than 2,000 species of native and naturalized plants grow wild in the San Francisco Bay Area. Most are very difficult to identify without the help of good illustrations. This is designed to be a simple, color photo guide to help you identify some of these plants. This guide is published electronically in Adobe Acrobat® format so that it can easily be updated as additional photographs become available. You have permission to freely download, distribute and print this guide for individual use. Photographs are © 2014 Wilde Legard, all rights reserved. In this guide, the included plants are sorted first by form (Ferns & Fern-like, Grasses & Grass-like, Herbaceous, Woody), then by most common flower color, and finally by similar looking flowers (grouped by genus within each family). Each photograph has the following information, separated by '-': COMMON NAME According to The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California, Second Edition (JM2) and other references (not standardized). (Scientific Name) According to JM2 and eFlora (ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html). Origin & Longevity Native, Naturalized, or Waif (not reproducing without human care). Annual, Biennial, Perennial, or a combination. Family Name Common family name according to JM2, (Bloom date range) Period during the year when the plant blooms, according to JM2 and other sources. '-' if plant does not bloom (ie. Ferns). Habitat Habitat description according to JM2 and other sources. ID Characteristics Plant description with identification characteristics and other notes, based on multiple sources including: Annotated Checklist of the East Bay Flora, Second Edition (2013), JM2, Plants of the San Francisco Bay Region (Revised Edition), and Weeds of California and Other Western States. Additional notes Occasionally, an additional note may appear (ie. NOXIOUS weed, INVASIVE weed, Fed & Calif. ENDANGERED, etc.). Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Browns Island Regional Preserve - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 1 COMMON ARROW-GRASS (Triglochin maritima) THREE-RIBBED ARROW-GRASS (Triglochin NARROW-LEAVED CATTAIL (Typha BROAD-LEAVED CATTAIL (Typha latifolia) Native Perennial - Arrow-grass Family - striata) Native Perennial - Arrow-grass Family - angustifolia) Native Perennial - Cattail Family - Native Perennial - Cattail Family - (Jun–Jul) - (Apr–Aug) - Coastal salt marshes, interior saline, (May–Sep) - Uncommon. Brackish to freshwater (May–Aug) - Nutrient-rich freshwater to brackish Unpolluted to nutrient-rich freshwater (brackish) brackish, alkaline marshes - Plant 16-43" tall, coastal marshes, springs - Plant 4-8", marshes, wet disturbed places - Plant 4.9-9.8' marshes - Plant 4.9-9.8' tall. Widest leaves dense-tufted. Leaves 4-32" long, 0.08-0.2" wide. mat-forming. Leaves 2-8", 0.04" wide, elliptic tall. Leaves gen < 0.4" wide. Flower cluster gap > 0.4-1.1" wide. Flower cluster with no gap Leaf ligule tip entire to notched. x-section. Flower cluster 2-10" long. 0.4". between flower types. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Browns Island Regional Preserve - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 2 GIANT REED (Arundo donax) Naturalized RIPGUT GRASS (Bromus diandrus) Naturalized SMOOTH PAMPAS GRASS (Cortaderia SALT GRASS (Distichlis spicata) Native Perennial - Grass Family - (Mar–Sep) - Moist Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - Open, gen selloana) Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - Perennial - Grass Family - (Apr–Sep) - Salt places, seeps, ditchbanks - Stem 6-33' tall, disturbed areas - Plant 6-40" tall. Spikelet 1-2.8" (Sep–Mar) - Disturbed sites - Plant 6-13' tall. Leaf marshes, coastal dunes, moist, alkaline areas - matures woody. Leaves evenly spaced on stem. long. Lemma body 0.8-1.2" long, awn > 1.2" long. blades 0.1-0.5" wide, sheathes smooth. Cultivar, Stem 4-20” long. Leaves 0.8-4” long, flat, stiff. Flower cluster 8-28" tall, up to 5" wide. Spikelet Barbed seeds can stick in flesh of animals. rarely escaped. INVASIVE weed. Flower cluster 0.8-3” long, narrow. Spikelets ~0.5" long. NOXIOUS weed. INVASIVE weed. straw-colored to purple, 2-20/group, 0.24-0.8” long. COMMON REED (Phragmites australis) Native RABBITFOOT GRASS (Polypogon BALTIC RUSH (Juncus balticus subsp. ater) SEACOAST BULRUSH (Bolboschoenus Perennial - Grass Family - (Jul–Nov) - Pond & monspeliensis) Naturalized Annual - Grass Native Perennial - Rush Family - (Jul–Nov) - robustus) Native Perennial - Sedge Family - lake margins, sloughs, marshes - Stem 6.6-13', Family - (Apr–Aug) - Moist places, along streams Moist to ± dry sites - Stem 14-43" tall, round, not (Summer) - Brackish to saline coastal marshes - gen < 0.4" diam. Leaf blades gen 8-18" long, - Stem 8-39". Leaf 0.4-8" long, 0.16-0.24" wide. twisted. No leaf blade. Flowers generally 0.1-0.2" Plant 20-60" tall. Stem sharply triangular. Flower base gradually narrowed. Flower cluster 6-20". Flower cluster 0.4-6.7" long, plume-like. Glume long. cluster dense, stemless, just above bracts. Spikelet 0.4-0.6", lemmas smooth. awn > 0.14". Lemma awn gen < 0.1". INVASIVE. Spikelets 5-25, 0.4-1.2" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Browns Island Regional Preserve - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 3 TALL NUTSEDGE (Cyperus eragrostis) Native SMALL SPIKERUSH (Eleocharis parvula) Native LOW BULRUSH (Isolepis cernua) Native Annual COMMON TULE (Schoenoplectus acutus var. Perennial - Sedge Family - (May–Nov) - Vernal Perennial - Sedge Family - (Late winter–fall) - - Sedge Family - (Late spring–winter) - Sandy, occidentalis) Native Perennial - Sedge Family - pools, streambanks - Leaves basal. Flower Brackish wet soil, coastal - Stem 0.8-3.5", to sometimes brackish sea shores, bluffs, sand (Summer) - Common. Marshes, shores, fens, cluster bracts 4-8. Spikelets 0.2-0.8" long, 0.02" wide. Spikelet 0.08-0.16" long; scales dunes, creeks, marshes - Plant 1.6-16" tall, shallow lakes, often emergent - Stem 3.3-13' tall, oblong, in heads to 1.6" wide. Seeds green, yellow or red-brown. tufted. Single spikelet. fat, round x-section, blue-green. short-stalked. OLNEY'S THREE-SQUARE BULRUSH SOUTHERN BULRUSH (Schoenoplectus WATER SMARTWEED (Persicaria amphibia) BEETHISTLE (Eryngium articulatum) Native (Schoenoplectus americanus) Native Perennial - californicus) Native Perennial - Sedge Family - Native Perennial - Buckwheat Family - (Jun–Nov) Perennial - Carrot Family - (Jun–Aug) - Sedge Family - (Summer) - Mineral-rich or (Spring–summer) - Common. Brackish to fresh - Shallow lakes, streams, shores - Aquatic Seasonally wet areas on lake and stream brackish marshes, shores, fens, springs - Stem marshes, shores - Stem 3.3-13' tall, slender, (floating leaves) or terrestrial. Flower clusters margins, marshes - Plant stout, erect, 12-47" tall. 1.2-8.2' tall, sharply 3-angled, not leafy. Flower bright green, bluntly 3-angled. Flower cluster 0.4-6" long, 0.3-0.8" wide, pink to red. Flower heads 0.4-1" tall, bracts and sepals cluster head-like. somewhat open. blue-tinged, petals bright blue or purple. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Browns Island Regional Preserve - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 4 PANICLED / WEEDY WILLOWHERB (Epilobium COMMON WILLOWHERB (Epilobium ciliatum MONTEREY CENTAURY (Zeltnera CALIFORNIA LOOSESTRIFE (Lythrum brachycarpum) Native Annual - Evening Primrose subsp. ciliatum) Native Perennial - Evening muehlenbergii) Native Annual-Biennial - Gentian californicum) Native Perennial - Loosestrife Family - (Jun–Sep) - Common. Dry open or Primrose Family - (Jun–Oct) - Common. Family - (Jun–Aug) - Moist coastal bluffs, forest Family - (Apr–Sep) - Marshes, pond and stream disturbed woodland, grassland, roadsides - Plant Disturbed places, moist meadows, streambanks, openings - Plant 1.2-12" tall. Leaf 0.6-1" long. margins - Stem 8-24" tall. Leaves 0.4-2.8" long, 8-79" tall, diffuse. Petals 2-15 mm long, white to roadsides - Plant 20-48" tall, smooth or Flowers pink, 0.5-0.75" mm long, lobes gray-smooth, linear. Petals purple, 0.2-0.3" long; rose-purple. short-hairy. Petals 2-6 mm, white to pink. 0.08-0.28" long; flower stalk < 0.0" long. 2 style forms. PENNYROYAL (Mentha pulegium) Naturalized RADISH (Raphanus sativus) Naturalized Annual - SPANISH CLOVER (Acmispon americanus var. LEATHER ROOT (Hoita macrostachya) Native Perennial - Mint Family - (Jul–Oct) - Moist places, Mustard Family - (May–Jul) - Disturbed areas, americanus) Native Annual - Pea Family - Perennial - Pea Family - (May–Aug) - fields - Stem 4-12" tall, short-hairy. Leaves 0.2-1" fields - Stem 16-51" long. Petals 0.6-1" long, (May–Oct) - Coast, chaparral, waterways, Streamsides, marshes, spring-moist places - long, upper stalkless. Flowers 0.2-0.3" long, white to purple. Fruit a fat cylinder w/constrictions roadsides, disturbed areas - Plant 2-24", hairy. Stem erect, < 6.6' tall, much-branched. Leaflets violet to lavender. Aromatic. INVASIVE weed. between seeds. INVASIVE weed. Flowers white to pink, solitary, bract lobes >> 0.8-4" long, both sides sticky. Flowers ~0.4" long, flower tube. blue to purple. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Browns Island Regional Preserve - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 5 DELTA TULE PEA (Lathyrus jepsonii var. BULL THISTLE (Cirsium vulgare) Naturalized SALTMARSH-FLEABANE (Pluchea odorata var. MILK THISTLE (Silybum marianum) Naturalized jepsonii) Native Perennial - Pea Family - Biennial - Sunflower Family - (May–Oct) - odorata) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - Annual-Biennial - Sunflower Family - (Feb–Jun) - (Apr–Aug) - Coastal, estuarine marshes - Plant < Common.
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