Wild Plants of Browns Island Regional Preserve

Common Name Version

A Photographic Guide

Sorted by Form, Color and Family with Habitat Descriptions and Identification Notes

Photographs and text by Wilde Legard District Botanist, East Bay Regional Park District

New Revised and Expanded Edition - Includes the latest scientific names, habitat descriptions and identification notes Decimal Inches

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1/8 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 1/2 2 1/2 3 1/2 4 1/2 5 1/2 6 1/2 7 1/2 8 1/2 9 English Inches

Notes:

A Photographic Guide to the Wild Plants of Browns Island Regional Preserve

More than 2,000 species of native and naturalized plants grow wild in the San Francisco Bay Area. Most are very difficult to identify without the help of good illustrations. This is designed to be a simple, color photo guide to help you identify some of these plants. This guide is published electronically in Adobe Acrobat® format so that it can easily be updated as additional photographs become available. You have permission to freely download, distribute and print this guide for individual use. Photographs are © 2014 Wilde Legard, all rights reserved.

In this guide, the included plants are sorted first by form (Ferns & Fern-like, Grasses & Grass-like, Herbaceous, Woody), then by most common flower color, and finally by similar looking flowers (grouped by genus within each family). Each photograph has the following information, separated by '-':

COMMON NAME According to The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California, Second Edition (JM2) and other references (not standardized). (Scientific Name) According to JM2 and eFlora (ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html). Origin & Longevity Native, Naturalized, or Waif (not reproducing without human care). Annual, Biennial, Perennial, or a combination. Family Name Common family name according to JM2, (Bloom date range) Period during the year when the plant blooms, according to JM2 and other sources. '-' if plant does not bloom (ie. Ferns). Habitat Habitat description according to JM2 and other sources. ID Characteristics Plant description with identification characteristics and other notes, based on multiple sources including: Annotated Checklist of the East Bay Flora, Second Edition (2013), JM2, Plants of the San Francisco Bay Region (Revised Edition), and Weeds of California and Other Western States. Additional notes Occasionally, an additional note may appear (ie. NOXIOUS weed, INVASIVE weed, Fed & Calif. ENDANGERED, etc.).

Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Browns Island Regional Preserve - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 1

COMMON ARROW-GRASS (Triglochin maritima) THREE-RIBBED ARROW-GRASS (Triglochin NARROW-LEAVED CATTAIL (Typha BROAD-LEAVED CATTAIL (Typha latifolia) Native Perennial - Arrow-grass Family - striata) Native Perennial - Arrow-grass Family - angustifolia) Native Perennial - Cattail Family - Native Perennial - Cattail Family - (Jun–Jul) - (Apr–Aug) - Coastal salt marshes, interior saline, (May–Sep) - Uncommon. Brackish to freshwater (May–Aug) - Nutrient-rich freshwater to brackish Unpolluted to nutrient-rich freshwater (brackish) brackish, alkaline marshes - Plant 16-43" tall, coastal marshes, springs - Plant 4-8", marshes, wet disturbed places - Plant 4.9-9.8' marshes - Plant 4.9-9.8' tall. Widest leaves dense-tufted. Leaves 4-32" long, 0.08-0.2" wide. mat-forming. Leaves 2-8", 0.04" wide, elliptic tall. Leaves gen < 0.4" wide. Flower cluster gap > 0.4-1.1" wide. Flower cluster with no gap Leaf ligule tip entire to notched. x-section. Flower cluster 2-10" long. 0.4". between flower types. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Browns Island Regional Preserve - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 2

GIANT REED (Arundo donax) Naturalized RIPGUT GRASS (Bromus diandrus) Naturalized SMOOTH PAMPAS GRASS (Cortaderia SALT GRASS (Distichlis spicata) Native Perennial - Grass Family - (Mar–Sep) - Moist Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - Open, gen selloana) Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - Perennial - Grass Family - (Apr–Sep) - Salt places, seeps, ditchbanks - Stem 6-33' tall, disturbed areas - Plant 6-40" tall. Spikelet 1-2.8" (Sep–Mar) - Disturbed sites - Plant 6-13' tall. Leaf marshes, coastal dunes, moist, alkaline areas - matures woody. Leaves evenly spaced on stem. long. Lemma body 0.8-1.2" long, awn > 1.2" long. blades 0.1-0.5" wide, sheathes smooth. Cultivar, Stem 4-20” long. Leaves 0.8-4” long, flat, stiff. Flower cluster 8-28" tall, up to 5" wide. Spikelet Barbed seeds can stick in flesh of animals. rarely escaped. INVASIVE weed. Flower cluster 0.8-3” long, narrow. Spikelets ~0.5" long. NOXIOUS weed. INVASIVE weed. straw-colored to purple, 2-20/group, 0.24-0.8” long.

COMMON REED (Phragmites australis) Native RABBITFOOT GRASS (Polypogon BALTIC RUSH (Juncus balticus subsp. ater) SEACOAST BULRUSH (Bolboschoenus Perennial - Grass Family - (Jul–Nov) - Pond & monspeliensis) Naturalized Annual - Grass Native Perennial - Rush Family - (Jul–Nov) - robustus) Native Perennial - Sedge Family - lake margins, sloughs, marshes - Stem 6.6-13', Family - (Apr–Aug) - Moist places, along streams Moist to ± dry sites - Stem 14-43" tall, round, not (Summer) - Brackish to saline coastal marshes - gen < 0.4" diam. Leaf blades gen 8-18" long, - Stem 8-39". Leaf 0.4-8" long, 0.16-0.24" wide. twisted. No leaf blade. Flowers generally 0.1-0.2" Plant 20-60" tall. Stem sharply triangular. Flower base gradually narrowed. Flower cluster 6-20". Flower cluster 0.4-6.7" long, plume-like. Glume long. cluster dense, stemless, just above bracts. Spikelet 0.4-0.6", lemmas smooth. awn > 0.14". Lemma awn gen < 0.1". INVASIVE. Spikelets 5-25, 0.4-1.2" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Browns Island Regional Preserve - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 3

TALL NUTSEDGE (Cyperus eragrostis) Native SMALL SPIKERUSH (Eleocharis parvula) Native LOW BULRUSH (Isolepis cernua) Native Annual COMMON TULE (Schoenoplectus acutus var. Perennial - Sedge Family - (May–Nov) - Vernal Perennial - Sedge Family - (Late winter–fall) - - Sedge Family - (Late spring–winter) - Sandy, occidentalis) Native Perennial - Sedge Family - pools, streambanks - Leaves basal. Flower Brackish wet soil, coastal - Stem 0.8-3.5", to sometimes brackish sea shores, bluffs, sand (Summer) - Common. Marshes, shores, fens, cluster bracts 4-8. Spikelets 0.2-0.8" long, 0.02" wide. Spikelet 0.08-0.16" long; scales dunes, creeks, marshes - Plant 1.6-16" tall, shallow lakes, often emergent - Stem 3.3-13' tall, oblong, in heads to 1.6" wide. Seeds green, yellow or red-brown. tufted. Single spikelet. fat, round x-section, blue-green. short-stalked.

OLNEY'S THREE-SQUARE BULRUSH SOUTHERN BULRUSH (Schoenoplectus WATER SMARTWEED (Persicaria amphibia) BEETHISTLE (Eryngium articulatum) Native (Schoenoplectus americanus) Native Perennial - californicus) Native Perennial - Sedge Family - Native Perennial - Buckwheat Family - (Jun–Nov) Perennial - Carrot Family - (Jun–Aug) - Sedge Family - (Summer) - Mineral-rich or (Spring–summer) - Common. Brackish to fresh - Shallow lakes, streams, shores - Aquatic Seasonally wet areas on lake and stream brackish marshes, shores, fens, springs - Stem marshes, shores - Stem 3.3-13' tall, slender, (floating leaves) or terrestrial. Flower clusters margins, marshes - Plant stout, erect, 12-47" tall. 1.2-8.2' tall, sharply 3-angled, not leafy. Flower bright green, bluntly 3-angled. Flower cluster 0.4-6" long, 0.3-0.8" wide, pink to red. Flower heads 0.4-1" tall, bracts and sepals cluster head-like. somewhat open. blue-tinged, petals bright blue or purple. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Browns Island Regional Preserve - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 4

PANICLED / WEEDY WILLOWHERB (Epilobium COMMON WILLOWHERB (Epilobium ciliatum MONTEREY CENTAURY (Zeltnera CALIFORNIA LOOSESTRIFE (Lythrum brachycarpum) Native Annual - Evening Primrose subsp. ciliatum) Native Perennial - Evening muehlenbergii) Native Annual-Biennial - Gentian californicum) Native Perennial - Loosestrife Family - (Jun–Sep) - Common. Dry open or Primrose Family - (Jun–Oct) - Common. Family - (Jun–Aug) - Moist coastal bluffs, forest Family - (Apr–Sep) - Marshes, pond and stream disturbed woodland, grassland, roadsides - Plant Disturbed places, moist meadows, streambanks, openings - Plant 1.2-12" tall. Leaf 0.6-1" long. margins - Stem 8-24" tall. Leaves 0.4-2.8" long, 8-79" tall, diffuse. Petals 2-15 mm long, white to roadsides - Plant 20-48" tall, smooth or Flowers pink, 0.5-0.75" mm long, lobes gray-smooth, linear. Petals purple, 0.2-0.3" long; rose-purple. short-hairy. Petals 2-6 mm, white to pink. 0.08-0.28" long; flower stalk < 0.0" long. 2 style forms.

PENNYROYAL (Mentha pulegium) Naturalized RADISH (Raphanus sativus) Naturalized Annual - SPANISH CLOVER (Acmispon americanus var. LEATHER ROOT (Hoita macrostachya) Native Perennial - Mint Family - (Jul–Oct) - Moist places, Mustard Family - (May–Jul) - Disturbed areas, americanus) Native Annual - Pea Family - Perennial - Pea Family - (May–Aug) - fields - Stem 4-12" tall, short-hairy. Leaves 0.2-1" fields - Stem 16-51" long. Petals 0.6-1" long, (May–Oct) - Coast, chaparral, waterways, Streamsides, marshes, spring-moist places - long, upper stalkless. Flowers 0.2-0.3" long, white to purple. Fruit a fat cylinder w/constrictions roadsides, disturbed areas - Plant 2-24", hairy. Stem erect, < 6.6' tall, much-branched. Leaflets violet to lavender. Aromatic. INVASIVE weed. between seeds. INVASIVE weed. Flowers white to pink, solitary, bract lobes >> 0.8-4" long, both sides sticky. Flowers ~0.4" long, flower tube. blue to purple. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Browns Island Regional Preserve - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 5

DELTA TULE PEA (Lathyrus jepsonii var. BULL THISTLE (Cirsium vulgare) Naturalized SALTMARSH-FLEABANE (Pluchea odorata var. MILK THISTLE (Silybum marianum) Naturalized jepsonii) Native Perennial - Pea Family - Biennial - Sunflower Family - (May–Oct) - odorata) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - Annual-Biennial - Sunflower Family - (Feb–Jun) - (Apr–Aug) - Coastal, estuarine marshes - Plant < Common. Disturbed areas - Plant 12-79" tall. Top (Jun–Nov) - Moist, often saline valley bottoms - Roadsides, pastures, disturbed areas - Stem 8' tall, smooth. Stem climbing, winged. Flowers of leaves bristly; leaf base forming decurrent Plant 20-48"+, sticky. Leaves 1.6-4.7" long, 1-10', stout. Leaves spiny, shiny green w/white 0.6-0.8" long, pink to pink-purple. CNPS: FAIRLY wings on stem. Flowers purple, gen 1-2" wide. egg-shaped. Flowers purple, ~0.2" long, in leaf veins and spots. Flowers red-purple. INVASIVE ENDANGERED. NOXIOUS weed. axils. weed.

SUISUN MARSH ASTER (Symphyotrichum ANNUAL SALTMARSH ASTER GREEN DOCK (Rumex conglomeratus) CURLY DOCK (Rumex crispus) Naturalized lentum) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Symphyotrichum subulatum var. parviflorum) Naturalized Perennial - Buckwheat Family - Perennial - Buckwheat Family - (All year) - (May–Nov) - Marshes - Stem 16-47" tall, not Native Annual - Sunflower Family - (Jul–Oct) - (May–Aug) - Common. Moist places - Stem Abundant. Disturbed places - Stem 16-39" tall. hairy. Leaves 1.6-3.1" long, 0.2-0.3" wide. Flower Marshes, disturbed places - Heads white to pink, 12-32" tall, unbranched below. Flower cluster Flower cluster dense, valves 0.2-0.24", winged cluster openly branched. Ray flowers violet, solitary, in leaf axils and stem ends, <50 rays. open. Fruit valves ~0.1" long, scarcely winged around tubercles, smooth edged. 1 tubercle 20-45, 0.31-0.55" long. Flower head bracts sharp-tipped. around the 3 tubercles, smooth edged. enlarged. INVASIVE. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Browns Island Regional Preserve - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 6

FLOATING MARSH PENNYWORT (Hydrocotyle WHORLED MARSH PENNYWORT (Hydrocotyle FAT-HEN (Atriplex prostrata) Native Annual - PACIFIC PICKLEWEED (Salicornia pacifica) ranunculoides) Native Perennial - Ginseng Family verticillata) Native Perennial - Ginseng Family - Goosefoot Family - (Apr–Oct) - Wet places, Native Perennial - Goosefoot Family - (Jul–Nov) - - (Mar–Aug) - Lake margins, ponds, slow-moving (Apr–Sep) - Lake margins, ponds, slow-moving marshes - Plant 4-48" tall, branched at base. Salt marshes, alkaline flats - Plant 4-28" tall, streams - Plant fleshy, floating-creeping. Leaf streams, canals, seeps, springs, marshes - Plant Leaves alternate, blades 0.4-3.5" long, triangular, branching from base, branches opposite. Flower 0.8-2" wide, kidney-shaped, deep lobes, 1 creeping. Leaf 0.4-1.6" wide, round, 8-13 shallow green, not dense-scaly underneath. clusters 0.8-3.3" long, 0.1-0.2" wide. reaching center. lobes.

RUSSIAN THISTLE (Salsola tragus) Naturalized COMMON PLANTAIN (Plantago major) CRISP-LEAVED PONDWEED (Potamogeton WESTERN RAGWEED (Ambrosia psilostachya) Annual-Perennial - Goosefoot Family - (Jul–Oct) - Naturalized Annual-Perennial - Plantain Family - crispus) Naturalized Perennial - Pondweed Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Jun–Nov) - Common. Disturbed places - Plant < 5' tall. Stem (Apr–Sep) - Disturbed areas - Leaves basal, Family - (Jul-Sep) - Uncommon. Shallow water, Common. Roadsides, dry fields - Plant 1-6.5' tall, gen red-striped, widely branched. Leaves blades 5-18 cm long, broadly oval, not hairy. ponds, streams. - Stem < 3' long. Leaves serrate, upright with long roots. Leaves 1-5" long with succulent, 0.3-2" long, upper spine-tipped. Flowers + stem 2-24" tall, flower cluster gen submerged, 1.6-3.1", 0.2-0.3" wide. Flower narrow lobes. Fruits spineless. Allergenic pollen. NOXIOUS. 1.2-8" long. cluster < 0.8" long. INVASIVE. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Browns Island Regional Preserve - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 7

MUGWORT (Artemisia douglasiana) Native COCKLEBUR (Xanthium strumarium) Native SCARLET PIMPERNEL (Anagallis arvensis) SEASIDE HELIOTROPE (Heliotropium Perennial - Sunflower Family - (May–Nov) - Annual - Sunflower Family - (Jul–Oct) - Naturalized Annual - Myrsine Family - (Mar–May) curassavicum var. oculatum) Native Perennial - Common. Open to shady areas, often in Disturbed, seasonally wet, often alkaline sites, in - Common. Disturbed places, ocean beaches - Borage Family - (Feb–Oct) - Moist to dry, saline drainages - Plant 20-60" tall. Leaves gen 0.4-4" grassland, marshes, watercourses - Plant 4-32" Plants 2-16" tall. Flowers 0.2-0.3" long, salmon or to alkaline soils, gen near water - Plant fleshy. long, densely hairy below, some 3-5 lobed. tall. Stem spineless. Bur 0.4-1.2"+ long. occasionally blue. Leaves TOXIC, can cause Leaf 0.4-2.4 cm long. Flowers white w/ yellow Flower bracts hairy. dermititis. center, 0.12-0.2" long.

WATER SMARTWEED (Persicaria punctata) KNOTWEED (Polygonum aviculare subsp. MASON'S LILAEOPSIS (Lilaeopsis masonii) WATER PARSLEY (Oenanthe sarmentosa) Native Annual-Perennial - Buckwheat Family - depressum) Naturalized Annual - Buckwheat Native Perennial - Carrot Family - (Jun–Aug) - Native Perennial - Carrot Family - (Jun–Oct) - (Jun–Nov) - Shallow water, shores, marshes, Family - (May–Nov) - Disturbed places - Stem Intertidal marshes, streambanks. - Plants < 4" Streams, marshes, ponds, gen aquatic - Plant floodplain forest - Flowers ~0.15" long, 5-lobed, 4-20", mat-forming. Flowers 2-8/leaf axil, ~0.1" tall. Leaves tufted, thread-like, cylindric, < 0.05" 20-60" tall. Young shoots curled, tendril-like. white margins, gland-dotted. Fruit black, shiny. long, fused 1/2 length, w/white or pink margins. wide, 0.1-0.3" long. Petals white. Calif: RARE, Leaves twice-pinnate, leaflets alike, broad, SERIOUSLY ENDANGERED. serrate to lobed. Flowers white. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Browns Island Regional Preserve - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 8

HEMLOCK WATERPARSNIP (Sium suave) ANTIOCH DUNES EVENING-PRIMROSE GARDEN ASPARAGUS (Asparagus officinalis CUTLEAF BUGLEWEED (Lycopus americanus) Native Perennial - Carrot Family - (Jul–Aug) - (Oenothera deltoides subsp. howellii) Native subsp. officinalis) Naturalized Perennial - Lily Native Perennial - Mint Family - (Aug–Sep) - Swamps, marshes, streambanks - Plant stout, Perennial - Evening Primrose Family - (Mar–Sep) Family - (Mar–Sep) - Disturbed places, Moist areas, marshes, streambanks - Stem 8-32" 24-47". Leaf stalk 4-32", leaflets 0.4-1.6" long, - Sandy bluffs, dunes - Plant 16-32" tall, roadsides, fields - Stem 3-10' tall. Flowers tall, nodes short-hairy. Leaves 0.8-3" long, narrow lance-shaped. Flowers white. Fruit ~0.1" gray-hairy. Petals white, 0.8-1.6" long. Fed & Cal: green-white, 3-7 mm long. Fruits red, ~0.3" long. w/short stems, irregularly lobed and cut. Flowers wide w/prominent corky ribs. ENDANGERED. Escaped garden vegetable. white, ~0.1" long.

WHITE-STEM HEDGE-NETTLEE (Stachys HEDGE BINDWEED (Calystegia sepium subsp. GOLDENTHREAD (Cuscuta pacifica var. PERENNIAL PEPPERGRASS (Lepidium albens) Native Perennial - Mint Family - limnophila) Native Perennial - Morning-glory pacifica) Native Annual - Morning-glory Family - latifolium) Naturalized Perennial - Mustard Family (May–Oct) - Swamps, seeps - Plant 1.6-8' tall, Family - (May–Jul) - Marshes, riverbanks - Stem (Jul–Oct) - Gen on Salicornia, Jaumea in coastal - (Jun–Sep) - Pastures, disturbed areas, fields, densely cobwebby-hairy. Leaf felty, blade 1.2-6" climbing, < 13', smooth (hairy). Flower 1.2-2.4" salt marshes, tidal flats - Vine. Stem thread-like. grassland, saline meadows, streambanks, long. Flowers white to pink; tube 0.2-0.4" long, long, white to pink-tinged. Bractlets concealing Flowers white, ~0.2" long. sagebrush scrub, edge of marshes - Plant hidden in bracts. flower bracts. 14-47". Petals white. NOXIOUS. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Browns Island Regional Preserve - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 9

SMALL-FLOWERED NIGHTSHADE (Solanum WHITE SWEETCLOVER (Melilotus albus) YARROW (Achillea millefolium) Native Perennial MARSH BACCHARIS (Baccharis glutinosa) americanum) Native Annual-Perennial - Naturalized Annual-Biennial - Pea Family - - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Sep) - Many habitats - Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Jul–Oct) - Nightshade Family - (Apr–Nov) - Open, often (May–Sep) - Locally abundant. Pastures, open Plant 4"-7' tall. Stem white-hairy. Leaves finely Coastal freshwater and saltwater marshes, disturbed places - Flower 0.12-0.24" wide w/3mm disturbed sites - Stem 1.6-6.6' long. Leaflets 3, dissected. Flower cluster flat-topped. Flowers streambanks - Plant herbaceous, sticky, 3-6' tall. lobes, white, anthers ~0.07". Seeds ~0.05". 0.4-1" long, toothed. Flowers white, 0.14-0.2" white to pink. Widely used in folk medicine. Leaf blades lance-shaped, < 5" long, 0.5-1.2" Bracts 0.04-0.08", curled back in fruit. long. wide.

HORSEWEED (Erigeron canadensis) Naturalized SEASIDE BROOKWEED (Samolus parviflorus) FENNEL (Foeniculum vulgare) Naturalized YELLOW WATER PRIMROSE (Ludwigia Annual - Sunflower Family - (All year) - Disturbed Native Perennial - Theophrasta Family - Perennial - Carrot Family - (May–Sep) - peploides subsp. peploides) Native Perennial - places - Plant 8-79" tall. Gen 1 main stem (Spring–summer) - Moist sites - Stem 6-16" long. Roadsides, disturbed sites - Plants 3-6.5' tall, Evening Primrose Family - (May–Oct) - branching above. Disk flowers yellow; rays white Leaves 0.8-2" long, mostly basal, alternate on anise-scented. Stems waxy-blue, canelike. Lakeshores, streambanks, seasonal wetlands - or pink, <= 0.04" long. Head bracts 0.12-0.16" stem. Flowers white, 0.06" wide, at stem ends. Flowers yellow. Leaf segments thread-like, edible Aquatic w/floating-creeping stems. Leaves tall,0.08-0.12" wide. when young. INVASIVE weed. alternate. Sepals 0.25-0.4", petals 0.35-0.5". Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Browns Island Regional Preserve - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 10

HOOKER EVENING-PRIMROSE (Oenothera GOLDEN MONKEYFLOWER (Mimulus guttatus) WESTERN WALLFLOWER (Erysimum capitatum BIRD'S-FOOT TREFOIL (Lotus corniculatus) elata subsp. hookeri) Native Biennial - Evening Native Perennial - Lopseed Family - (Mar–Aug) - var. capitatum) Native Biennial - Mustard Family - Naturalized Perennial - Pea Family - (Jun–Sep) - Primrose Family - (Jun–Sep) - Moist, coastal, Common. Wet places, gen terrestrial, occ (Mar–Sep) - Common. Open areas, woodland, Open, disturbed areas - Leaflets 5, 0.16-0.9" slightly inland, sandy bluffs - Plant 16-32", emergent or floating in mats - Plant 0.8-60". sandy areas, chaparral - Petals orange to yellow, long. Flower cluster 3-7 flowered on0.6-4.7" stalk. sticky-hairy. Leaves 1.6-10" long, flat. Petals Flower yellow, gen > 0.8" long; mature bracts fruit 1-4.3" long. Flowers bright yellow, 0.4-0.55" long, banner yellow, 1-2" long. Seeds all fertile. flattened sideways, inflated in fruit. often reddish.

STICKTIGHT (Bidens frondosa) Native Annual - BUR-MARIGOLD (Bidens laevis) Native YELLOW STAR-THISTLE (Centaurea solstitialis) COMMON SPIKEWEED (Centromadia pungens Sunflower Family - (Jun–Oct) - Uncommon. Annual-Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Aug–Nov) Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - subsp. pungens) Native Annual - Sunflower Damp soil, esp disturbed sites - Plant 20-48" tall - Freshwater wetlands - Plant 8"-8' tall, with round (May–Oct) - Invasive, roadsides, disturbed Family - (Apr–Nov) - Grassland, saltbush scrub, with square stem. Leaves stalked, leaflets 0.8-3" stem. Leaves w/0 stalks, simple, 2-6" long, grassland or woodland - Plant 4-39" tall. Leaves disturbed sites - Spiny. Leaves smooth or rough long. Flowers yellow; rays 0-few, < 0.2"; fruits serrate edges. Flowers showy, yellow; rays 7-8, woolly, extend down the stem. Flower bract to the touch. wedge-shaped, flat. 0.6-1.2" long. spines 0.4-1" long. NOXIOUS weed. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Browns Island Regional Preserve - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 11

WESTERN GOLDENROD (Euthamia BIGELOW SNEEZEWEED (Helenium bigelovii) BRISTLY OX-TONGUE (Helminthotheca TELEGRAPH WEED (Heterotheca grandiflora) occidentalis) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Jul–Aug) - echioides) Naturalized Annual-Biennial - Native Annual - Sunflower Family - (Jun–Oct(± all - (Jul–Nov) - Marshes, streambanks, meadows - Wet meadows, marshes, bogs, fens, Sunflower Family - (All year) - Common. year)) - Disturbed areas, dry streambeds, sand Stem < 6.6', smooth. Leaves < 4" long, <= 0.24" streambanks, lake margins - Plant 1-4' tall. Disturbed areas - Stem 1-6.5' tall, bristly. Leaf dunes - Plant 0.3-8' tall, bristly, sticky, branched wide, w/dark glandular pits. Flowers yellow, rays Flower head spherical, disk flowers 0.1-0.2" long; 2-8" long, covered with prickly bumps. Flower above. Leaf 0.8-2.8" long, lower clasp stem. Rays 0.06-0.1" long. rays 0.5-1" long, pointing down. heads 0.8-1.6" wide. INVASIVE weed. 25-40, 0.2-0.3" long.

FLESHY JAUMEA (Jaumea carnosa) Native PRICKLY LETTUCE (Lactuca serriola) COTTON-BATTING PLANT (Pseudognaphalium WATER RAGWORT (Senecio hydrophilus) Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Dec) - Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - stramineum) Native Annual - Sunflower Family - Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - (May–Sep) Coastal salt marshes, bases of sea cliffs - Stem (May–Oct) - Abundant. Disturbed places - Stem (Mar–Aug) - Many habitats, dunes, chaparral - Marshes, swampy places, standing water, trailing. Leaf gen 0.6-2" long, fleshy. Flower head 1.6-10' tall, prickly-bristly. Leaves deeply-lobed, slopes, roadsides - Heads 0.16-0.2" long, female alkaline sites - Plan 16-39" tall. Leaves fleshy, yellow, 0.5-0.8" long; rays 0.4-0.2" long, disks ~ midvein and edges prickly-bristly. Flowers pale flowers > 0.08" long, pappus bristles free. lower 2-8"+ long, 0.8-4" wide. Heads 0.25" long. Aromatic. yellow, 0.16-0.2" wide. 20-40/cluster, rays 0 or 5. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Browns Island Regional Preserve - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 12

COMMON SOW THISTLE (Sonchus oleraceus) CALIFORNIA ROSE (Rosa californica) Native WHITE ALDER (Alnus rhombifolia) Native FREMONT COTTONWOOD (Populus fremontii Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - (All year) Perennial - Rose Family - (Feb–Nov) - Gen ± Perennial - Birch Family - (Apr–Jun) - Along subsp. fremontii) Native Perennial - Willow Family - Abundant. Disturbed places - Plant 4-55" tall. moist areas in sun, esp streambanks - Shrub permanent streams - Tree. Leaves flat, not rusty - (Mar–Apr) - Scattered. Alluvial bottomland, Leaf teeth soft to touch. Basal lobes of upper 2.6-8.2' tall w/thick curved spines, forming underneath, margins serrate, not rolled under. streamsides - Tree < 66' tall. Leaves leaves sharply pointed, straight to curving thickets. Petals pink, 0.6-1" long; sepals unlobed. Female flowers cone-like. Wood used for heart-shaped to triangular, coarsely scalloped, upward. furniture and for smoking meats. blade 1.2-2.8" long.

JAPANESE HONEYSUCKLE (Lonicera japonica) HIMALAYAN BLACKBERRY (Rubus CALIFORNIA BLACKBERRY (Rubus ursinus) COYOTE BRUSH (Baccharis pilularis subsp. Naturalized Perennial - Honeysuckle Family - armeniacus) Naturalized Perennial - Rose Family Native Perennial - Rose Family - (Mar–Jul) - consanguinea) Native Perennial - Sunflower (May–Jul) - Disturbed places - Twining shrub. - (Mar–Jun) - Common. Disturbed areas, Open, disturbed areas - Stem round, Family - (Jul–Dec) - Coastal bluffs, woodland, Leaf gen 1.2-3.1" long. Flowers white turning roadsides - Shrub w/thorny 5-angled stem. bristly/prickly. Leaves simple to 3 leaflets, grassland, disturbed sites, occ on serpentine - yellow, 1-1.6" long, in pairs. Fruits black. Leaflets 3-5, white-hairy beneath. Blackberry-type underside green. Plants unisexual. Petals Shrub < 15' tall, brittle, common. Leaves gen INVASIVE watch list. fruit. INVASIVE. 0.24-0.6" long, white. Blackberry-type fruit. 0.6-1.6" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - Yellow Wild Plants of Browns Island Regional Preserve - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 13

BLACKWOOD ACACIA (Acacia melanoxylon) MARSH GUMPLANT (Grindelia stricta var. HINDS' WILLOW (Salix exigua var. hindsiana) ARROYO WILLOW (Salix lasiolepis) Native Naturalized Perennial - Pea Family - (Feb-Mar) - angustifolia) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family Native Perennial - Willow Family - (Apr–May) - Perennial - Willow Family - (Jan–Jun) - Common. Uncommon. Disturbed areas - Tree < 100' tall. - (May–Dec) - Tidal wetlands - Plant 3.3-6.6' tall, Common. Floodplains, sandy gravel - Shrub or Shores, marshes, meadows, etc - Shrub-tree, Leaves simple, 0.2-1.2" wide, 3-5 main veins. woody base, evergreen. Leaves 0.4-6" long, tree < 17' tall. Leaf blades 1.2-6" long, linear, bark smooth. Leaf-like stipules. Leaf egg-shaped, Flowers pale yellow, 2-8 per head. INVASIVE fleshy, not resinous. Flower rays yellow, 16-56, mature dense soft-hairy below. Ovary hairy. waxy below. Fruit smooth, bract persistent, dark, weed. 0.5-0.7" long. stamens 2. Decimal Inches

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1 .5 2 .5 3 .5 4 .5 5 .5 6 .5 7 .5 8 .5 9

1/8 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 1/2 2 1/2 3 1/2 4 1/2 5 1/2 6 1/2 7 1/2 8 1/2 9 English Inches

Notes: