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12 Asteraceae of Solan District of Himachal Pradesh International Journal of Botany Studies International Journal of Botany Studies ISSN: 2455-541X, Impact Factor: RJIF 5.12 www.botanyjournals.com Volume 1; Issue 7; November 2016; Page No. 12-20 Asteraceae of Solan district of Himachal Pradesh 1 Milan Jain, 2 SS Sharma 1 Research Scholar, Department of Botany, Sunrise University, Alwar, Rajasthan, India 2 Professor, Department of Basic Science, College of Forestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni- Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India Abstract The study documents the knowledge of the flora belonging to family Asteraceae of Solan district of Himachal Pradesh. In the present investigation, repeated surveys are made to collect the floral information of the region. A number of plants are collected and their identification is done by giving botanical name, habit, habitat and general morphology. Field numbers are allotted and relevant data about the plant are recorded in the field book. Check list about the plants are prepared in an alphabetical order. Hundred one species belonging to fifty nine genera of the family Asteraceae are reported. Out of these, 39 genera are represented by single species and the remaining 20 genera are represented by more than single species. The purpose of this study is to explore and document the members of family Asteraceae. Presently, 38 species belonging to 20 genera are reported for the first time from the study area. Keywords: flora, asteraceae, occurrence, check list 1. Introduction Jammu and Kashmir in north-west India and northern Biodiversity form the basis for the healthy environment that Pakistan, and then south-west along the mountains in the helps to sustain health, wealth, food, fuel, and also other border region between Pakistan and Afghanistan. The services, the human beings depend upon. Further, biological richness of its flora is generally attributed to variation in diverse ecosystems perform various vital ecological services, climate. It harbours 967 endemic angiosperm taxa, out of such as decomposition and cycling of nutrients. There are 3054 species of angiosperm belonging to 872 genera, about 1.5 million species of flora and fauna in the world showing 31.7% endemism (Behra et al., 2002) [1]. over, out of which about .5 million species represents Himachal Pradesh, a state of India is situated in the Western phytodiversity. Recently, there is great loss of biodiversity Himalayan region between 30°22' to 33°12'N latitude and due to developmental activities such as industrialization and 75°45' to 79°04'E longitude covering an area of 55,673 urbanization. It has been found that loss of biological square kilometres. Recently, the flora of Himachal Pradesh diversity is the main environmental concern of the time. has been extensively explored by Chowdhery and Wadhwa Species diversity is one of the most important key for (1984) [2] and Verma and Kapoor (2010) [8]. The flora of determining the sustainability and strength of plant state is under great pressure in terms of expansion of communities which is very essential for the management and agricultural land, cutting of woody vegetation for timber and conservation of biodiversity (Verma et al., 1999) [7]. fuel, multipurpose plant collection, over grazing, lack of Therefore, the knowledge of plant diversity is very awareness and absence of practical conservation strategies. important. Solan is one of the twelve districts of Himachal Pradesh in The Indian subcontinent due to its rich biodiversity is one of India, blessed with diverse and a rich source of biodiversity. the 12 mega-diversity centres in the world ranking tenth With an altitudinal range of about 760 m to 2200 m, it is position in the world and fourth in Asia in plant diversity. located between 30°05' to 31°15' N Latitude and 76°42' - Each species or sub-species and a variety of plant represent a 77°20' E Longitude. The district has humid-subtropical zone unique biological germplasm or gene pool with special (lower elevations) and humid-sub temperate zone (higher characteristics and values. The Himalaya comprises one of elevations) of Himalaya in Himachal Pradesh. The climate the Earth’s most diverse ecosystems characterized by a of the area is generally sub- temperate, semi- humid comparatively different climate, a fair degree of resource characterized by cold winter with mild summer and seasonality and a high diversity of plant communities and moderate rainfall. species. It covers about 18% of the geographical area of Asteraceae is the largest family among the flowering plants India, but accounts for more than 50% of India’s forest which includes annuals, biennials, perennials, herbs, shrubs cover. It supports about 18,440 species of plants, out of and even trees. Many species show wide adaptations. The which 25.3% are endemic to Himalaya (Singh and Hajra, members of the family possess simple, rarely compound, 1996, Samant et al., 1998) [6, 4]. alternate or opposite and exstipulate leaves. The family is The Western Himalayas with an altitude ranging between characterised by its typical inflorescence i.e. Racemose head 1,500 - 3,600 m extends along the mountain chain from or Capitulum. It consists of a few or a large number of western Nepal through Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, sessile flower/ floret type i.e. ray and disc florets generally 12 International Journal of Botany Studies grouped on flat receptacle which is surrounded by stalked, upper sessile, oblong- lanceolate, alternate; heads involucres. The capitula are of three types: Discoid type in radiate, white or pale pink; which all the florets are disc florets and are tubular; ligulate Uncommon in grass roadsides at Darlaghat, Kasauli and type in which all the florets are ligulate florets and radiate Chail. type in which outer fringe of ligulate florets while the central are of disc florets. Adenocaulon bicolor Hook. f. Flowers are sessile, complete or incomplete, perfect or Erect, medium sized perennial herb; lower leaves stalked, imperfect, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, bisexual or upper ones sessile, cordate sinuately, alternate; heads unisexual and even neutral, pentamerous and epigynous. discoid, whitish yellow; The calyx of the florets may be absent, but when present is Fairly common along moist places at Darlaghat, Kasauli and modified into a pappus or scales. Corolla 5, gamopetalous, Chail. tubular or ligulate and superior. Androecium 5, epipetalous, syngenesious and bithecous. Gynoecium is bicarpellary, Adenostemma viseosum Forst. syncarpous, unilocular, uniovulate, basal placentation, Erect, pubescent, medium sized annual herb; leaves stalked, anatropous ovule and inferior. The fruit is cypsela or inferior lanceolate or ovate, opposite; heads discoid, white; achene. The seed is exalbuminous. The objective of this Common at Nalagarh, Parwanoo, Kunihar, Arki, Subathu, study is to find out the present status of the composites Shilli, Oachghat, Sanwara, and Waknaghat. occurring in the study area. Ageratum conyzoides Linn. 2. Material and Methods Erect, medium sized annual herb; leaves stalked, lanceolate To achieve the said objectives, the repeated field surveys are or ovate, opposite; heads discoid, pale blue or white; conducted in different selected locations of study area, for Common along moist places, orchards and along fields at the enumeration and documentation of the members of Nalagarh, Parwanoo, Kunihar, Arki, Subathu, Nauni, Shilli, family Asteraceae. The different localities surveyed during Oachghat, Sanwara and Waknaghat; earlier reported as the study period include: Nalagarh (400m), Parwanoo common herb by Sumita (1996), Meenakshi (2002) from (800m), Kunihar (1000m), Arki (1045m), Ramshehar Nauni and Shilli respectively. (1100m), Subathu (1265m), Nauni (1275m), Shilli (1290m), Oachghat (1300m), Sanwara (1350m), Waknaghat (1500m), Ainsliaea aptera DC. Barog (1600m), Darlaghat (1800m), Kasauli (1927m) and Erect, medium sized perennial herb; leaves stalked, broadly Chail (2200m), the figures within parenthesis are the triangular, ovate or orbicular, alternate; heads discoid, altitudes of that locality. The specimens collected during whitish pink; field visits are identified and preserved in the form of Fairly common along Shilli, Waknaghat, Barog, Darlaghat, herbarium after drying in blotting sheets. While collecting Kasauli and Chail. the plant specimens, field numbers are allotted and relevant field data about the plant are recorded in the field book. The Anaphalis adnata DC. specimens are carried to the laboratory in the bags, ruck- Erect, medium sized perennial herb; leaves sessile, broadly sacks and in plant presser. The plants collected are pressed lanceolate or oblong, alternate; heads discoid, whitish; in the presser wrapped in blotters. The dried specimens are Fairly common along roadsides at Nalagarh, Parwanoo, mounted on the herbarium sheets. Printed labels are pasted Kunihar, Arki, Subathu, Nauni, Shilli, Oachghat, Sanwara and the relevant data is entered. These specimens are and Waknaghat. identified with the help of taxonomic literature. All the reported plant species are described alphabetically. A. araneosa DC. Erect, small sized perennial herb; leaves sessile, lanceolate, 3. Results alternate; heads discoid, whitish yellow; The present study is conducted to know the floral Rare along roadsides at Waknaghat, Barog, Darlaghat, information of plants belonging to the family Asteraceae Kasauli and Chail. from Solan district of Himachal Pradesh. The periodical surveys have been carried out for the collection and
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