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The Jagiellonian Globe, Utopia and Australia
Paper 2: The Jagiellonian Globe, Utopia and Australia Robert J. King [email protected] ABSTRACT The globe, dating from around 1510, held by the Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Poland, depicts a continent in the Indian Ocean to the east of Africa and south of India, but labeled “America”. The globe illustrates how geographers of that time struggled to reconcile the discoveries of new lands with orthodox Ptolomaic cosmography. It offers a clue as to where Thomas More located his Utopia, and may provide a cosmographic explanation for the Jave la Grande of the Dieppe school of maps. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE From 1975 to 2002, Robert J King was secretary to various committees of the Australian Senate, including the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade. He is now an independent researcher at the National Library of Australia in Canberra with a special interest in the European expansion into the Pacific in the late 18th century. He is the author of The Secret History of the Convict Colony: Alexandro Malaspina’s report on the British settlement of New South Wales published in 1990 by Allen & Unwin. He has also authored a number of articles relating to colonial/imperial rivalry in the eighteenth century and was a contributing editor to the Hakluyt Society’s 3 volume publication, The Malaspina Expedition, 1789-1794: Journal of the Voyage by Alexandro Malaspina The Jagiellonian Globe, Utopia and Australia1 The appearance in the mid-sixteenth century of Jave la Grande in a series of mappemondes drawn by a school of cartographers centred -
The Travels of Marco Polo
This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. http://books.google.com TheTravelsofMarcoPolo MarcoPolo,HughMurray HARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY FROM THE BEQUEST OF GEORGE FRANCIS PARKMAN (Class of 1844) OF BOSTON " - TRAVELS MAECO POLO. OLIVER & BOYD, EDINBURGH. TDE TRAVELS MARCO POLO, GREATLY AMENDED AND ENLARGED FROM VALUABLE EARLY MANUSCRIPTS RECENTLY PUBLISHED BY THE FRENCH SOCIETY OP GEOGRAPHY AND IN ITALY BY COUNT BALDELLI BONI. WITH COPIOUS NOTES, ILLUSTRATING THE ROUTES AND OBSERVATIONS OF THE AUTHOR, AND COMPARING THEM WITH THOSE OF MORS RECENT TRAVELLERS. BY HUGH MURRAY, F.R.S.E. TWO MAPS AND A VIGNETTE. THIRD EDITION. EDINBURGH: OLIVER & BOYD, TWEEDDALE COURT; AND SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO., LONDON. MDOCCXLV. A EKTERIR IN STATIONERS' BALL. Printed by Oliver & Boyd, / ^ Twseddale Court, High Street, Edinburgh. p PREFACE. Marco Polo has been long regarded as at once the earliest and most distinguished of European travellers. He sur passed every other in the extent of the unknown regions which he visited, as well as in the amount of new and important information collected ; having traversed Asia from one extremity to the other, including the elevated central regions, and those interior provinces of China from which foreigners have since been rigidly excluded. " He has," says Bitter, " been frequently called the Herodotus of the Middle Ages, and he has a just claim to that title. If the name of a discoverer of Asia were to be assigned to any person, nobody would better deserve it." The description of the Chinese court and empire, and of the adjacent countries, under the most powerful of the Asiatic dynasties, forms a grand historical picture not exhibited in any other record. -
From the Edition of the Tractatus De Sphaera (1516) to the Cosmographia (1532)
Chapter 8 Oronce Fine and Sacrobosco: From the Edition of the Tractatus de sphaera (1516) to the Cosmographia (1532) Angela Axworthy Abstract This paper considers the contribution of the French mathematician Oronce Fine to the diffusion and transformation of Johannes de Sacrobosco’s Tractatus de sphaera by considering his 1516 edition of the Sphaera and his Cosmographia, sive sphaera mundi (in Protomathesis, 1532). The article first describes Fine’s life and career, as well as his work as editor of the Sphaera. In a second part, it considers what Fine, in the Cosmographia, has drawn and left aside from the Sphaera, revealing the consequent transformations to the teaching of Sacrobosco’s theory of the sphere and its adaptation to the cultural and intellectual environment in which Fine evolved. A last part considers the treatment, in the Cosmographia, of the cosmological representations transmitted by Sacrobosco and by subsequent interpreters of Ptolemaic astronomy concerning the number of celes- tial spheres and its relation to judicial astrology. A. Axworthy (*) Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin, Germany e-mail: [email protected] © The Author(s) 2020 185 M. Valleriani (ed.), De sphaera of Johannes de Sacrobosco in the Early Modern Period, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30833-9_8 186 A. Axworthy 1 Introduction1 Oronce Fine or Finé2 (1494–1555), a French mathematician from the Dauphiné, is chiefly known to historians of science for having been the first to -
Find Kindle < Marco Polo: the Story of the Fasted Clipper
WUK21UQ54KAW / Book » Marco Polo: The Story of the Fasted Clipper Marco Polo: Th e Story of th e Fasted Clipper Filesize: 9.42 MB Reviews Most of these pdf is the best ebook offered. It is probably the most remarkable book i actually have study. Your life period will be transform as soon as you complete reading this pdf. (Albertha Champlin) DISCLAIMER | DMCA BMAWEZGRWI5T Kindle ^ Marco Polo: The Story of the Fasted Clipper MARCO POLO: THE STORY OF THE FASTED CLIPPER Nimbus Publishing, Halifax, 2006. Paperback. Condition: New. 1st Edition. This impressively researched book is the first to present the full story one of the most famous, and certainly the fastest clippers of her time. A novel design built in Saint John, New Brunswick, in 1851, Marco Polo absolutely astounded the maritime world when, in 1852-53, she became the first ship ever to sail from England to Australia and back in under six months and twice around the world in under a year. Over a fieen-year period the ship carried huge numbers of destitute emigrants from Britain to a better life in Australia, on voyages closely followed by the press and many thousands worldwide. The exploits of principal owner James Baines and captain James Nicol Bully Forbes feature strongly in the book two men who easily rank among the most colourful and interesting characters in the entire history of the British merchant marine. Together, Baines, the aggressive, high-rolling entrepreneur, and Forbes, the clever, boastful mariner, were an unbeatable combination, especially when teamed with Marco Polo. This well-illustrated book explains why the ship was so fast, but also places the account in the context of the mid-nineteenth-century shipbuilding boom in British North America, the great Australian Gold Rush in the 1850s, and the mass exodus from Liverpool to Australia of gold seekers and others seeking escape from poverty and disease. -
6 • Globes in Renaissance Europe Elly Dekker
6 • Globes in Renaissance Europe Elly Dekker Introduction Abbreviations used in this chapter include: Globes at Greenwich for In 1533 Hans Holbein the Younger, the foremost painter Elly Dekker et al., Globes at Greenwich: A Catalogue of the Globes and then in London, made the portrait now known as The Armillary Spheres in the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich (Ox- Ambassadors (fig. 6.1).1 One of the remarkable features ford:OxfordUniversityPressandtheNationalMaritimeMuseum,1999). 1. The best study of the painting and its provenance still is the book of this painting is the abundance of scientific instru- by Mary Frederica Sophia Hervey, Holbein’s “Ambassadors”: The Pic- ments depicted in it. On the top shelf there is a celestial ture and the Men (London: Bell and Sons, 1900). See also Susan Fois- globe, a pillar dial, an equinoctial dial (in two parts), ter, Ashok Roy, and Martin Wyld, Holbein’s Ambassadors (London: a horary quadrant, a polyhedral dial, and, on top of a National Gallery Publications, 1997), esp. 30 – 43; the information book, an astronomical instrument known as a tor- about the globes and the instruments provided in this catalog should be considered with some care. quetum. On the lower shelf there is a terrestrial globe, a 2. The book on arithmetic is that by Peter Apian, titled Eyn newe und book on arithmetic, a set square and a pair of dividers, wolgegründete underweisunge aller Kauffmans Rechnung (Ingolstadt, a lute with broken strings, a case of flutes, and a hymn- 1527), and the hymn book is by Johann Walther [Walter], Geystliche book.2 The objects displayed between the two men are gesangk Buchleyn (Wittenberg, 1525). -
Early Settlement and Employment in the Colony of Victoria
CHAPTER THREE Early settlement and employment in the Colony of Victoria 3.1 General introduction Although the long and difficult voyage to Australia for the Moidart Highlanders was over, for some individuals, their part in this story was to end relatively quickly after their arrival with death following the rigours of the voyage. 1 For other Household members and succeeding generations, the life journeys continued over many years. The focus of this chapter is the arrival and continuation of their journeys in Australia. The chapter begins by outlining the importance and role played by the discovery of gold in establishing the social and economic contexts awaiting the arrival of the Moidart immigrants in 1852. The Moidart immigrants brought with them badly needed agricultural skills, experience and knowledge associated with the sheep industry at a time when the goldfields had enticed many of the labourers away from their employment on the land. Their arrival 1 Five members of Moidart Households died during the voyage of the ‘Allison’: 2.5; 3.6; 3.8; 8.6; and 8.7 whilst two members died in quarantine following its arrival. They were: Household members; 9.8 and 10.2. See 'Allison', nominal passenger and disposal lists VPRS 7666 Inward Passenger Lists-British ports PROV, North Melbourne Book 9, pp. 10-19. and Quarantine Station Cemetery 1852, Friends of the Quarantine Museum, Nepean Historical Society Inc., 10 November, 2002. 160 as a communal group of immigrants did not necessarily mean that they would remain together in Victoria. Many of the married couples for example, arrived with young children to support and needed to move away from the other Households in order to obtain regular wages and rations rather than opting for the vulnerability and insecurity of the goldfields. -
The French and Terra Australis
The French and Terra Australis MARGARET SANKEY* All those interested in Australian history will be aware of the long European quest for the mythical Terra australis incognita, punctuated by the discovery of coasts of New Holland by the Dutch in the seventeenth century, and not abandoned until the late eighteenth century when Captain James Cook, during his second voyage, finally demonstrated that there was no vast inhabited continent sUlTounding the South Pole. In the English speaking world, the history of the Southern Hemisphere has been traditionally dominated by the English achievements. The search for Terra australis is thus seen as culminating in the discovery of the east coast of Australia and the subsequent implantation of colonies along the Australian coastlines. In recent years, the French contIibution to the early exploration and mapping of New Holland is increasingly being recognised. Although most Australians know something of the ill-fated expedition of La Perouse, last heard of when he sailed from Botany Bay in 1788, voyages such as those of D'Entrecasteaux (sent in search of La Perouse in 1791) and Baudin (sent on a scientific voyage to New Holland by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1800) are only now beginning to attract the attention they deserve. The pioneering work done over the last few decades by John Dunmore, Leslie Marchant, Frank Homer, and more recently other scholars such as Edward Duyker, has demonstrated the achievements of the French explorers and revealed the wealth of documentation they accumulated about New Holland during the earliest days of European settlement. * Professor Margaret Sankey, FAHA, holds the McCaughey Chair of French Studies at the University of Sydney. -
Travels and Adventures of Marco Polo
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De Sphaera of Johannes De Sacrobosco in the Early Modern
Matteo Valleriani Editor De sphaera of Johannes de Sacrobosco in the Early Modern Period The Authors of the Commentaries De sphaera of Johannes de Sacrobosco in the Early Modern Period Matteo Valleriani Editor De sphaera of Johannes de Sacrobosco in the Early Modern Period The Authors of the Commentaries Editor Matteo Valleriani Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Berlin, Germany Technische Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany University of Tel Aviv Tel Aviv, Israel ISBN 978-3-030-30832-2 ISBN 978-3-030-30833-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30833-9 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2020. This book is an open access publication. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. -
The TRAVELS of MARCO POLO
The TRAVELS of MARCO POLO INTRODUCTION AFTER AN ABSENCE OF twenty-six years, Marco Polo and his father Nicolo and his uncle Maffeo returned from the spectacular court of Kublai Khan to their old home in Venice. Their clothes were coarse and tattered; the bun dles that they carried were bound in Eastern cloths and their bronzed faces bore evi dence of great hardships, long endurance, and suffering. They had almost forgotten their native tongue. Their aspect seemed foreign and their ac Copyright 1926 by Boni & Liveright, Inc. cent and entire manner bore the strange stamp of the Tartar. Copyright renewed 1953 by Manuel Komroff During these twenty-six years Venice, too, had changed and Copyright 1930 by Horace Liveright, Inc. the travellers had difficulty in finding their old residence. But here at last as they entered the courtyard they were All rights reserved back home. Back from the Deserts of Persia, back from Printed in the United States of America Manufacturing by the Maple-Vail Book Manufacturing Group the lofty steeps of Pamir, from mysterious Tibet, from the dazzling court of Kublai Khan, from China, Mongolia, Burma, Siam, Sumatra, Java; back from Ceylon, where For information about permission to reproduce selections from this book, write Adam has his tomb, and back from India, the land of myth to Permissions, W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY and marvels. But the dogs of Venice barked as the travellers 10110 knocked on the door of their old home. The Polos had long been thought dead, and the distant Hardcover ISBN 0-87140-657-8 relatives who occupied the house refused admittance to the Paperback ISBN 0-393-97968-7 three shabby and suspicious looking gentlemen. -
JAVE LA GRANDE, a PART of TERRA AUSTRALIS? Robert J
Mapping Our World: Discovery Day, National Library of Australia, 10 November 2013 JAVE LA GRANDE, A PART OF TERRA AUSTRALIS? Robert J. King Did Portuguese navigators discover Australia in the early 16th century? No! As Joachim Pedro de Oliveira Martins, the Portuguese maritime historian who examined this question concluded: "Australia was not visited by any Portuguese in the sixteenth century". If there had been a Portuguese discovery it would have been shown on the world map of Diego Ribeiro, a Portuguese cosmographer in the service of the King of Spain. There is no mystery to the Dieppe maps when they are seen in the context of cartographic history: they expressed the cosmographic concepts of the period. This accounts for the superficial resemblance of their Jave la Grande to Australia. Jave la Grande can be accounted for by developments in cosmographic theory without the necessity of positing unrecorded voyages of discovery by Portuguese or other early 16th century voyagers. The Dieppe cartographers incorporated into their world maps the cosmographic concepts of Oronce Fine, Professor of Mathematics and cosmographer to the King of France. Fine's 1531 map of the world shows a large promontory attached to the continent of TERRA AVSTRALIS and extending northward almost to the Tropic of Capricorn: this promontory is named REGIO PATALIS (“the Region of Patala”). The Dieppe mapmakers identified Jave la Grande with Oronce Fine’s Regio Patalis. Jave la Grande was “the great island called Java” described by Marco Polo. He called it Java Major to differentiate it from Java Minor (Sumatra). Book III of Marco Polo’s Travels described his journey in 1292 by sea from China to India 1 by way of Champa, Locach and Sumatra (Java Minor).